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Leucine zipper

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216:. When combined with a different partner, most of the bZIP pairs bind to DNA sequences that each individual partner prefers. In some cases, dimerization of different bZIP partners can change the DNA sequence that the pair targets in a manner that could not have been predicted based on the preferences of each partner alone. This suggests that, as heterodimers, bZIP transcription factors are able to change their preferences for which location they target in the DNA. The ability of bZIP domain forming dimers with different partners greatly expands the locations on the genome to which bZIP transcription factors can bind and from which they can regulate gene expression. 127: 31: 271:) is a transcription repressor which play multiple roles in regulating various biological processes. The NFIL3 protein has 462 amino acids including a b-ZIP domain . The N-terminal portion of the domain contains the basic motif, which directly binds to DNA. The C-terminal portion of the b-ZIP domain contains an amphipathic leucine zipper region, which mediates homo- and hetero- dimerization. 147:
residues line up on the same side of the helix. This region of the alpha-helix - containing the leucines which line up - is called a ZIP domain, and leucines from each ZIP domain can weakly interact with leucines from other ZIP domains, reversibly holding their alpha-helices together (dimerization). When these alpha helices dimerize, the zipper is formed. The
286:) in binding with the D box elements in the DNA, which is one of the circadian transcription factor consensus sites. DBP is another bZIP protein and shows an opposite portfolio of expression level to that of NFIL3. When NFIL3 level is high, genes under control of the D box elements will be repressed. Overexpression of 212:
motif, namely TGA(G/C)TCA. The bZIP heterodimers exist in a variety of eukaryotes and are more common in organisms with higher evolution complexity. Heterodimeric bZIP proteins differ from homodimeric bZIP and from each other in protein-protein interaction affinity. These heterodimers exhibit complex DNA binding
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in which the amino acids are designated from a’ to g’. While residues in positions a and d are generally hydrophobic and form a zigzag pattern of knobs and holes that interlock with a similar pattern on another strand to form a tight-fitting hydrophobic core, residues in positions e and g are charged
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binding basic region and a more diversified leucine zipper dimerization region. The localization of the leucines are critical for the DNA binding to the proteins. Leucine zippers are present in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic regulatory proteins, but are mainly a feature of eukaryotes. They can also
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interaction between two ZIP domains. The ZIP domain is found in the alpha-helix of each monomer, and contains leucines, or leucine-like amino acids. These amino acids are spaced out in each region's polypeptide sequence in such a way that when the sequence is coiled in a 3D alpha-helix, the leucine
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of the DNA, forming sequence-specific interactions. The mechanism of transcriptional regulation by bZIP proteins has been studied in detail. Most bZIP proteins show high binding affinity for the ACGT motifs, which include CACGTG (G box), GACGTC (C box), TACGTA (A box), AACGTT (T box), and a GCN4
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In the case of leucine zippers, leucines are predominant at the d position of the heptad repeat. These residues pack against each other every second turn of the alpha-helices, and the hydrophobic region between two helices is completed by residues at the a positions, which are also frequently
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Two different types of such a-helices can pair up to form a heterodimeric leucine zipper. With apolar amino acid residues at either the e or g position, a heterotetramer consisting of 2 different leucine zippers can be generated in-vitro, which implies that the overall hydrophobicity of the
328:), which downregulates target genes of CREB and CEBP to counteract the effect of cAMP signaling. Meanwhile, NFIL3 binds to its own promoter to repress its own expression, creating a negative feedback regulation of neuron regeneration. 170:. Coiled coils contain 3- and 4-residue repeats whose hydrophobicity pattern and residue composition is compatible with the structure of amphipathic alpha-helices. The alternating three- and four-residue sequence elements constitute 86:
residues at every seventh position over a distance covering eight helical turns. The polypeptide segments containing these periodic arrays of leucine residues were proposed to exist in an alpha-helical conformation and the leucine
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hydrophobic. They are referred to as coiled coils unless they are proven to be important for protein function. If that is the case, then they are annotated in the “domain” subsection, which would be the bZIP domain.
309:) to cell death genes, which undermines cell cycle and promotes oncogenesis. In colon cancer, NFIL3 may also block the recruitment of another type of transcription factors, Proline Acid Rich (PAR) proteins. 1135: 305:) and TNF receptor superfamily member 6 (FAS) to prevent apoptosis. NFIL3 can also hinder apoptosis in cancer cells by binding to DNA and block the access of transcription factor Forkhead box O1 ( 2064: 297:
cell death in numerous cell types and leads to oncogenesis. High expression level of NFIL3 is shown associate with breast cancer. In cancer cells, NFIL3 associates with Histone deacetylase2 (
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be annotated simply as ZIPs, and ZIP-like motifs have been found in proteins other than transcription factors and are thought to be one of the general protein modules for
223:. However, the others, including LIP19, OsZIP-2a, and OsZIP-2b, do not bind to DNA sequences. Instead, these bZIP proteins form heterodimers with other bZIPs to regulate 3448: 2470: 2465: 2460: 2109: 2094: 1780: 2603: 282:
and the NFIL3, as a repression factor, regulates circadian rhythm. NFIL3 competes with the transcription activator D site albumin promoter binding protein (
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Landschulz WH, Johnson PF, McKnight SL (June 1988). "The leucine zipper: a hypothetical structure common to a new class of DNA binding proteins".
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Vinson CR, Sigler PB, McKnight SL (November 1989). "Scissors-grip model for DNA recognition by a family of leucine zipper proteins".
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Another DNA binding domain, the Helix-loop-helix (HLH) dimer, is shown bound to DNA fragment — each alpha helix represents a monomer.
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and vital for the development and function of other immune cells, including but not limited to anti-inflammatory response in
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side of the helix forms a dimer with itself or another similar helix, burying the non-polar amino acids away from the
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from one alpha helix interdigitate with those from the alpha helix of a second polypeptide, facilitating dimerization.
4963: 4958: 4509: 2586: 2504: 2492: 1568: 961:"Characterization of three rice basic/leucine zipper factors, including two inhibitors of EmBP-1 DNA binding activity" 243:(the AP1 transcription factor), important regulators of normal development, as well as myc family members including 2699: 1697: 920:"LIP19, a basic region leucine zipper protein, is a Fos-like molecular switch in the cold signaling of rice plants" 6115: 2996: 2981: 2964: 2959: 2954: 2949: 2860: 2835: 2711: 2623: 2613: 1770: 1243: 324:), and the NFIL3 protein in turn competes for binding sites shared with CREB and CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein ( 628:
Mason JM, Arndt KM (February 2004). "Coiled coil domains: stability, specificity, and biological implications".
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Hodges RS, Sodek J, Smillie LB, Jurasek L (1973). "Tropomyosin: Amino Acid Sequence and Coiled-Coil Structure".
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NFIL3 influences cell survival and involves in oncogenesis. NFIL3 is shown to be a survival factor that hinders
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in proteins. They were first described by Landschulz and collaborators in 1988 when they found that an enhancer
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may alter the organization of coiled coils and play a role in the formation of leucine zipper heterodimer.
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is expressed in neuron cells with regeneration potential to keep cell growth under control. Expression of
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Shimizu H, Sato K, Berberich T, Miyazaki A, Ozaki R, Imai R, Kusano T (October 2005).
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RodrĂ­guez-MartĂ­nez JA, Reinke AW, Bhimsaria D, Keating AE, Ansari AZ (February 2017).
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The bZIP interacts with the DNA via basic, amine residues (see basic amino acids in (
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Keniry, Megan; Dearth, Robert K.; Persans, Michael; Parsons, Ramon (2014-06-30).
426: 6217: 5820: 4300: 4015: 3980: 2369: 2174: 2169: 1612: 1416: 1411: 1307: 1187: 573: 163: 156: 148: 143: 95: 79: 47: 1004: 6529: 6480: 5952: 5556: 5465: 5445: 5418: 4765: 4514: 4363: 4351: 4346: 3345: 3340: 2104: 2099: 2077: 1943: 1761: 1465: 1406: 1401: 1381: 866:"Combinatorial bZIP dimers display complex DNA-binding specificity landscapes" 613: 596: 283: 248: 106: 99: 88: 1028: 977: 960: 581: 504: 487: 6403: 6393: 6376: 5850: 4869: 2574: 2003: 1661: 829: 680: 536: 461: 410: 294: 167: 17: 1093: 945: 901: 847: 790: 741: 649: 641: 513: 263:
BZIP containing transcription factors regulate various biological processes
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had a very characteristic 30-amino acid segment and the display of these
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NFIL3 functions as a repressor to neuron regeneration associated genes.
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NFIL3 is also found to be important in immunology. It is required for
255:. If they are overproduced or mutated in a vital area, they may cause 6451: 6446: 6441: 6431: 6426: 6145: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5685: 4951: 4946: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4798: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4758: 4672: 4667: 4455: 4450: 4430: 4425: 4415: 4410: 4248: 4200: 4195: 4190: 4185: 4155: 4150: 4145: 4140: 4110: 4060: 4055: 3818: 3738: 3710: 3705: 3700: 3695: 3690: 3685: 3680: 3675: 3670: 3665: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3615: 3610: 3605: 3600: 3595: 3590: 3585: 3575: 3570: 3565: 3525: 3478: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3453: 3443: 3431: 3426: 3192: 3187: 3182: 3064: 3059: 3031: 3026: 3011: 3006: 3001: 2991: 2986: 2974: 2969: 2341: 2336: 2331: 2326: 2321: 2296: 2223: 2191: 2134: 2129: 1916: 1911: 1906: 1790: 1595: 1485: 1480: 1453: 1448: 1443: 1369: 256: 200: 704:
Deng Y, Liu J, Zheng Q, Li Q, Kallenbach NR, Lu M (September 2008).
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is induced by phosphorylated cAMP-response element binding protein (
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The bZIP-containing Nuclear factor interleukin 3 regulated protein (
199:(sort by pH)) of certain amino acids in the "basic" domain, such as 6495: 6473: 6468: 6436: 6325: 6320: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6199: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6021: 6016: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5931: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5835: 5830: 5825: 5800: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5705: 5658: 5653: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5584: 5561: 5336: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5271: 5261: 5256: 5241: 5236: 5226: 5221: 5216: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5146: 5141: 5131: 5126: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5030: 5025: 5020: 4993: 4968: 4936: 4929: 4924: 4830: 4808: 4803: 4775: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4633: 4628: 4573: 4566: 4561: 4546: 4519: 4180: 4175: 4170: 4165: 4160: 4135: 4130: 4125: 4120: 4115: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4090: 4085: 4080: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4025: 4020: 4005: 4000: 3825: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3766: 3761: 3560: 3550: 3545: 3540: 3535: 3530: 3520: 3515: 3510: 3505: 3421: 3411: 3404: 3399: 3394: 3389: 3379: 3323: 3318: 3313: 3308: 3303: 3298: 3293: 3214: 3209: 3204: 3148: 3143: 3042: 3021: 3016: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2072: 1837: 1832: 1827: 1817: 1812: 1807: 1797: 1785: 1735: 1715: 1656: 1644: 1639: 1563: 1556: 1551: 1541: 1534: 1529: 1460: 1391: 1364: 1359: 1342: 1337: 1332: 1327: 1322: 1312: 1300: 1295: 1273: 1263: 1258: 1248: 306: 302: 268: 240: 236: 125: 29: 219:
A small number of bZIP factors such as OsOBF1 can also recognize
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side of the helix interacts with the water in the solvent.
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Nijhawan A, Jain M, Tyagi AK, Khurana JP (February 2008).
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residues contributing to the electrostatic interaction.
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Reinke AW, Baek J, Ashenberg O, Keating AE (May 2013).
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Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology
488:"Mini review roles of the bZIP gene family in rice" 357: 162:Leucine zipper motifs are considered a subtype of 94:Leucine zippers are a dimerization motif of the 1003:Curran, Tom; Franza, B.Robert (November 1988). 597:"The packing of α-helices: simple coiled-coils" 671:Krylov D, Vinson CR (2001). "Leucine Zipper". 486:E ZG, Zhang YP, Zhou JH, Wang L (April 2014). 360:Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 191:Specific binding between bZIP proteins and DNA 142:bound to DNA. The leucine zipper is formed by 6555:transcription factor/coregulator deficiencies 5626:β-Scaffold factors with minor groove contacts 1136: 8: 235:Leucine zipper regulatory proteins include 6303: 6290: 5633: 5619: 3911: 3892: 3880: 3861: 2397: 2378: 2361: 1512: 1176: 1163: 1143: 1129: 1121: 706:"A heterospecific leucine zipper tetramer" 1113:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine 1083: 976: 935: 891: 881: 837: 780: 731: 721: 612: 527:Hakoshima, T. (2005). "Leucine Zippers". 503: 959:Nantel A, Quatrano RS (December 1996). 348: 207:. These basic residues interact in the 98:(Basic-region leucine zipper) class of 998: 996: 859: 857: 7: 38:diagram, of a leucine zipper, where 2309:(1.6) Basic helix-span-helix (bHSH) 965:The Journal of Biological Chemistry 1005:"Fos and jun: The AP-1 connection" 109:in length with a highly conserved 82:revealed a periodic repetition of 25: 134:Leucine zipper is created by the 66:) is a common three-dimensional 6296:(0) Other transcription factors 5580:transcriptional enhancer factor 1197:Activating transcription factor 492:Genetics and Molecular Research 105:. The bZIP domain is 60 to 80 723:10.1016/j.chembiol.2008.07.008 290:shortens the circadian cycle. 1: 5510:Interferon regulatory factors 3749:(2.5) Alternating composition 2945:General transcription factors 673:Encyclopedia of Life Sciences 529:Encyclopedia of Life Sciences 4795:Octamer transcription factor 1503:(1.2) Basic helix-loop-helix 1021:10.1016/0092-8674(88)90024-4 278:gene changes along with the 138:of two specific alpha helix 116:protein–protein interactions 27:DNA-binding structural motif 1569:Myogenic regulatory factors 924:Plant & Cell Physiology 595:Crick FH (September 1953). 574:10.1101/SQB.1973.037.01.040 6596: 225:transcriptional activities 6575:Protein structural motifs 6550: 6302: 6289: 5632: 5618: 5389:(3.5) Tryptophan clusters 3879: 3860: 2377: 2360: 1175: 1162: 614:10.1107/s0365110x53001964 185:van der Waals interaction 6210:(4.10) Cold-shock domain 1115:Medical Subject Headings 978:10.1074/jbc.271.49.31296 505:10.4238/2014.April.16.11 183:interaction surface and 1156:intracellular receptors 830:10.1126/science.1233465 710:Chemistry & Biology 681:10.1038/npg.els.0003001 537:10.1038/npg.els.0005049 462:10.1126/science.2683088 411:10.1126/science.3289117 376:"hair cutting scissors" 6580:DNA-binding substances 642:10.1002/cbic.200300781 601:Acta Crystallographica 274:The expression of the 131: 122:Sequence and structure 55: 46:, arranged with other 5919:TATA-binding proteins 1152:Transcription factors 773:10.1104/pp.107.112821 221:palindromic sequences 129: 103:transcription factors 33: 333:natural killer cells 76:amino acid sequences 34:"Overhead view", or 6414:(0.6) Miscellaneous 5945:High-mobility group 5641:Rel homology region 2631:Testicular receptor 2372:DNA-binding domains 883:10.7554/eLife.19272 822:2013Sci...340..730R 607:(6 (8-9)): 689–97. 454:1989Sci...246..911V 403:1988Sci...240.1759L 5779:p53 p63 p73 family 5352:Heat shock factors 937:10.1093/pcp/pci178 364:. Portland Press. 132: 56: 6562: 6561: 6546: 6545: 6542: 6541: 6285: 6284: 6281: 6280: 5614: 5613: 5610: 5609: 4856: 4855: 4496: 4495: 3856: 3855: 3852: 3851: 2844: 2843: 2700:Mineralocorticoid 2356: 2355: 2352: 2351: 2056: 2055: 1169:(1) Basic domains 1076:10.15190/d.2014.7 971:(49): 31296–305. 397:(4860): 1759–64. 371:978-1-85578-088-0 356:Glick DM (1997). 16:(Redirected from 6587: 6386:-related factors 6304: 6291: 6192:(4.9) Grainyhead 5634: 5620: 5572:(3.6) TEA domain 4862:(3.2) Paired box 4503: 4237: 4231: 3925: 3919: 3912: 3908: 3902: 3893: 3881: 3870:Helix-turn-helix 3862: 2824: 2804: 2779: 2742: 2712:Estrogen related 2661: 2557: 2405: 2398: 2386:Nuclear receptor 2379: 2362: 2041: 1962: 1895: 1764: 1709: 1518: 1513: 1177: 1164: 1145: 1138: 1131: 1122: 1098: 1097: 1087: 1055: 1049: 1048: 1000: 991: 990: 980: 956: 950: 949: 939: 915: 906: 905: 895: 885: 861: 852: 851: 841: 801: 795: 794: 784: 761:Plant Physiology 752: 746: 745: 735: 725: 701: 695: 694: 668: 662: 661: 625: 619: 618: 616: 592: 586: 585: 557: 551: 550: 524: 518: 517: 507: 483: 474: 473: 437: 431: 430: 386: 377: 375: 363: 353: 78:on an idealized 68:structural motif 64:leucine scissors 50:on two parallel 21: 6595: 6594: 6590: 6589: 6588: 6586: 6585: 6584: 6565: 6564: 6563: 6558: 6538: 6408: 6368: 6337: 6298: 6277: 6227: 6204: 6186: 5936: 5910: 5862: 5765: 5712: 5628: 5606: 5566: 5383: 5343: 5039: 4852: 4501: 4492: 4233: 4232: 4227: 4222: 3921: 3920: 3915: 3904: 3903: 3896: 3875: 3848: 3830: 3743: 3731: 3722: 2937: 2933: 2924: 2853: 2850:(2.2) Other Cys 2840: 2820: 2815: 2800: 2795: 2775: 2770: 2738: 2733: 2668:Steroid hormone 2657: 2652: 2553: 2548: 2412:Thyroid hormone 2401: 2392: 2373: 2348: 2303: 2248: 2146: 2052: 2039: 2037: 2032: 1960: 1955: 1893: 1888: 1759: 1757: 1752: 1707: 1702: 1516: 1497: 1171: 1158: 1149: 1111:Leucine+zippers 1107: 1102: 1101: 1057: 1056: 1052: 1002: 1001: 994: 958: 957: 953: 930:(10): 1623–34. 917: 916: 909: 863: 862: 855: 816:(6133): 730–4. 803: 802: 798: 754: 753: 749: 703: 702: 698: 691: 670: 669: 665: 627: 626: 622: 594: 593: 589: 559: 558: 554: 547: 526: 525: 521: 485: 484: 477: 448:(4932): 911–6. 439: 438: 434: 388: 387: 380: 372: 355: 354: 350: 345: 280:circadian cycle 265: 233: 193: 124: 72:binding protein 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6593: 6591: 6583: 6582: 6577: 6567: 6566: 6560: 6559: 6551: 6548: 6547: 6544: 6543: 6540: 6539: 6537: 6536: 6527: 6526: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6505: 6500: 6499: 6498: 6493: 6488: 6478: 6477: 6476: 6471: 6461: 6456: 6455: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6429: 6418: 6416: 6410: 6409: 6407: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6390: 6388: 6370: 6369: 6367: 6366: 6361: 6356: 6350: 6348: 6339: 6338: 6336: 6335: 6330: 6329: 6328: 6323: 6312: 6310: 6300: 6299: 6294: 6287: 6286: 6283: 6282: 6279: 6278: 6276: 6275: 6274: 6273: 6268: 6263: 6258: 6253: 6248: 6237: 6235: 6229: 6228: 6226: 6225: 6220: 6214: 6212: 6206: 6205: 6203: 6202: 6196: 6194: 6188: 6187: 6185: 6184: 6183: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6157: 6156: 6155: 6150: 6149: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6123: 6118: 6113: 6112: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6026: 6025: 6024: 6019: 6009: 6008: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5982: 5981: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5965: 5955: 5949: 5947: 5938: 5937: 5935: 5934: 5929: 5923: 5921: 5912: 5911: 5909: 5908: 5903: 5902: 5901: 5896: 5891: 5886: 5875: 5873: 5864: 5863: 5861: 5860: 5855: 5854: 5853: 5848: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5798: 5797: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5775: 5773: 5771:(4.3) p53-like 5767: 5766: 5764: 5763: 5762: 5761: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5736: 5725: 5723: 5714: 5713: 5711: 5710: 5709: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5678: 5677: 5676: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5645: 5643: 5630: 5629: 5623: 5616: 5615: 5612: 5611: 5608: 5607: 5605: 5604: 5603: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5576: 5574: 5568: 5567: 5565: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5553: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5507: 5502: 5501: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5475: 5474: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5458: 5448: 5443: 5442: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5421: 5416: 5415: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5393: 5391: 5385: 5384: 5382: 5381: 5380: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5356: 5354: 5345: 5344: 5342: 5341: 5340: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5104: 5099: 5089: 5088: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5072: 5067: 5056: 5054: 5041: 5040: 5038: 5037: 5036: 5035: 5034: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5013: 5012: 5011: 5006: 4996: 4991: 4981: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4956: 4955: 4954: 4949: 4939: 4934: 4933: 4932: 4927: 4919: 4918: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4877: 4866: 4864: 4858: 4857: 4854: 4853: 4851: 4850: 4849: 4848: 4843: 4833: 4828: 4827: 4826: 4821: 4816: 4811: 4806: 4801: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4773: 4763: 4762: 4761: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4711: 4710: 4709: 4708: 4707: 4702: 4697: 4692: 4687: 4677: 4676: 4675: 4670: 4660: 4659: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4638: 4637: 4636: 4631: 4621: 4620: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4576: 4571: 4570: 4569: 4564: 4554: 4549: 4544: 4543: 4542: 4537: 4532: 4522: 4517: 4512: 4506: 4504: 4498: 4497: 4494: 4493: 4491: 4490: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4459: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4398: 4393: 4392: 4391: 4386: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4355: 4354: 4349: 4339: 4338: 4337: 4332: 4320: 4319: 4318: 4313: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4293: 4283: 4282: 4281: 4276: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4246: 4240: 4238: 4224: 4223: 4221: 4220: 4215: 4210: 4205: 4204: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4163: 4158: 4153: 4148: 4143: 4138: 4133: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4078: 4073: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4033: 4028: 4023: 4018: 4008: 4003: 3998: 3993: 3989:extended Hox: 3987: 3986: 3985: 3984: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3963: 3962: 3961: 3951: 3950: 3949: 3944: 3928: 3926: 3909: 3890: 3877: 3876: 3865: 3858: 3857: 3854: 3853: 3850: 3849: 3847: 3846: 3840: 3838: 3832: 3831: 3829: 3828: 3823: 3822: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3806: 3801: 3791: 3790: 3789: 3784: 3779: 3769: 3764: 3759: 3753: 3751: 3745: 3744: 3742: 3741: 3735: 3733: 3729: 3724: 3723: 3721: 3720: 3719: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3673: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3498: 3493: 3483: 3482: 3481: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3461: 3456: 3451: 3446: 3436: 3435: 3434: 3429: 3419: 3414: 3409: 3408: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3392: 3382: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3362: 3361: 3360: 3359: 3358: 3353: 3348: 3343: 3338: 3328: 3327: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3306: 3301: 3296: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3261: 3256: 3251: 3236: 3235: 3234: 3229: 3219: 3218: 3217: 3212: 3207: 3197: 3196: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3175: 3174: 3173: 3168: 3158: 3157: 3156: 3151: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3105: 3104: 3099: 3094: 3089: 3079: 3074: 3069: 3068: 3067: 3062: 3057: 3045: 3039: 3038: 3037: 3036: 3035: 3034: 3029: 3024: 3019: 3014: 3009: 3004: 2999: 2989: 2984: 2979: 2978: 2977: 2972: 2962: 2957: 2952: 2941: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2926: 2925: 2923: 2922: 2917: 2916: 2915: 2910: 2905: 2895: 2894: 2893: 2888: 2883: 2878: 2873: 2868: 2857: 2855: 2851: 2846: 2845: 2842: 2841: 2839: 2838: 2833: 2827: 2825: 2817: 2816: 2814: 2813: 2807: 2805: 2797: 2796: 2794: 2793: 2788: 2782: 2780: 2772: 2771: 2769: 2768: 2767: 2766: 2761: 2756: 2745: 2743: 2735: 2734: 2732: 2731: 2730: 2729: 2724: 2719: 2709: 2708: 2707: 2702: 2697: 2695:Glucocorticoid 2692: 2691: 2690: 2685: 2675: 2664: 2662: 2654: 2653: 2651: 2650: 2645: 2644: 2643: 2638: 2628: 2627: 2626: 2621: 2616: 2606: 2601: 2600: 2599: 2594: 2584: 2579: 2578: 2577: 2572: 2560: 2558: 2550: 2549: 2547: 2546: 2541: 2540: 2539: 2534: 2524: 2523: 2522: 2517: 2512: 2502: 2501: 2500: 2495: 2490: 2480: 2475: 2474: 2473: 2468: 2463: 2453: 2452: 2451: 2446: 2436: 2431: 2426: 2425: 2424: 2419: 2408: 2406: 2395: 2390: 2375: 2374: 2365: 2358: 2357: 2354: 2353: 2350: 2349: 2347: 2346: 2345: 2344: 2339: 2334: 2329: 2324: 2313: 2311: 2305: 2304: 2302: 2301: 2300: 2299: 2294: 2289: 2284: 2279: 2274: 2269: 2258: 2256: 2250: 2249: 2247: 2246: 2245: 2244: 2238: 2237: 2236: 2231: 2221: 2220: 2219: 2214: 2209: 2204: 2199: 2184: 2183: 2182: 2177: 2172: 2167: 2156: 2154: 2148: 2147: 2145: 2144: 2139: 2138: 2137: 2132: 2122: 2117: 2112: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2092: 2091: 2090: 2085: 2075: 2069: 2067: 2058: 2057: 2054: 2053: 2051: 2050: 2044: 2042: 2034: 2033: 2031: 2030: 2029: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2008: 2007: 2006: 2001: 1996: 1991: 1986: 1981: 1976: 1965: 1963: 1957: 1956: 1954: 1953: 1952: 1951: 1946: 1941: 1936: 1926: 1921: 1920: 1919: 1914: 1909: 1898: 1896: 1890: 1889: 1887: 1886: 1885: 1884: 1879: 1869: 1868: 1867: 1862: 1857: 1852: 1842: 1841: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1822: 1821: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1800: 1795: 1794: 1793: 1788: 1778: 1773: 1767: 1765: 1754: 1753: 1751: 1750: 1745: 1740: 1739: 1738: 1733: 1728: 1718: 1712: 1710: 1704: 1703: 1701: 1700: 1695: 1694: 1693: 1692: 1691: 1686: 1676: 1666: 1665: 1664: 1659: 1649: 1648: 1647: 1642: 1632: 1631: 1630: 1625: 1620: 1610: 1609: 1608: 1603: 1593: 1592: 1591: 1586: 1581: 1576: 1566: 1561: 1560: 1559: 1554: 1544: 1539: 1538: 1537: 1532: 1521: 1519: 1510: 1499: 1498: 1496: 1495: 1490: 1489: 1488: 1483: 1478: 1468: 1463: 1458: 1457: 1456: 1451: 1446: 1441: 1431: 1430: 1429: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1389: 1384: 1379: 1374: 1373: 1372: 1367: 1362: 1352: 1351: 1350: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1304: 1303: 1298: 1288: 1287: 1286: 1281: 1276: 1271: 1266: 1261: 1256: 1251: 1241: 1240: 1239: 1234: 1229: 1224: 1219: 1214: 1209: 1204: 1193: 1191: 1184:leucine zipper 1173: 1172: 1167: 1160: 1159: 1150: 1148: 1147: 1140: 1133: 1125: 1119: 1118: 1106: 1105:External links 1103: 1100: 1099: 1050: 1015:(3): 395–397. 992: 951: 907: 853: 796: 747: 696: 689: 663: 620: 587: 552: 545: 519: 498:(2): 3025–36. 475: 432: 378: 370: 347: 346: 344: 341: 337:helper T cells 264: 261: 232: 229: 197:provided table 192: 189: 172:heptad repeats 123: 120: 60:leucine zipper 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6592: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6572: 6570: 6557: 6556: 6549: 6535: 6531: 6528: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6510: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6483: 6482: 6479: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6466: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6424: 6423: 6420: 6419: 6417: 6415: 6411: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6391: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6381: 6378: 6375: 6371: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6351: 6349: 6347: 6346:Pocket domain 6344: 6340: 6334: 6331: 6327: 6324: 6322: 6319: 6318: 6317: 6314: 6313: 6311: 6309: 6308:(0.2) HMGI(Y) 6305: 6301: 6297: 6292: 6288: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6243: 6242: 6239: 6238: 6236: 6234: 6230: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6215: 6213: 6211: 6207: 6201: 6198: 6197: 6195: 6193: 6189: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6162: 6161: 6158: 6154: 6151: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6133: 6132: 6129: 6128: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6031: 6030: 6027: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6014: 6013: 6010: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5987: 5986: 5983: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5960: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5950: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5939: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5924: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5913: 5907: 5904: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5881: 5880: 5877: 5876: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5865: 5859: 5856: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5803: 5802: 5799: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5781: 5780: 5777: 5776: 5774: 5772: 5768: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5752: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5731: 5730: 5727: 5726: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5715: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5683: 5682: 5679: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5652: 5651: 5650: 5647: 5646: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5635: 5631: 5627: 5621: 5617: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5582: 5581: 5578: 5577: 5575: 5573: 5569: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5512: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5480: 5479: 5476: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5454: 5453: 5452: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5426: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5399: 5398: 5395: 5394: 5392: 5390: 5386: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5364: 5363: 5362: 5358: 5357: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5346: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5158: 5155: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5094: 5093: 5090: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5062: 5061: 5058: 5057: 5055: 5053: 5049: 5046: 5042: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5018: 5017: 5014: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5001: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4986: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4944: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4922: 4920: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4872: 4871: 4868: 4867: 4865: 4863: 4859: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4838: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4768: 4767: 4764: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4716: 4715: 4712: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4698: 4696: 4693: 4691: 4688: 4686: 4683: 4682: 4681: 4678: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4665: 4664: 4661: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4643: 4642: 4639: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4626: 4625: 4622: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4584: 4583: 4580: 4579: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4559: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4548: 4545: 4541: 4538: 4536: 4533: 4531: 4528: 4527: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4507: 4505: 4499: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4403: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4381: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4344: 4343: 4340: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4327: 4326: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4304: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4288: 4287: 4284: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4271: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4241: 4239: 4236: 4230: 4225: 4219: 4216: 4214: 4211: 4209: 4206: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4129: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4032: 4029: 4027: 4024: 4022: 4019: 4017: 4014: 4013: 4012: 4009: 4007: 4004: 4002: 3999: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3988: 3982: 3979: 3977: 3974: 3972: 3969: 3968: 3967: 3964: 3960: 3957: 3956: 3955: 3952: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3939: 3938: 3935: 3934: 3933: 3930: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3918: 3913: 3910: 3907: 3901: 3900: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3871: 3868: 3863: 3859: 3845: 3842: 3841: 3839: 3837: 3833: 3827: 3824: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3796: 3795: 3792: 3788: 3785: 3783: 3780: 3778: 3775: 3774: 3773: 3770: 3768: 3765: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3754: 3752: 3750: 3746: 3740: 3737: 3736: 3734: 3732: 3725: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3522: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3488: 3487: 3484: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3441: 3440: 3437: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3424: 3423: 3420: 3418: 3415: 3413: 3410: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3387: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3357: 3354: 3352: 3349: 3347: 3344: 3342: 3339: 3337: 3334: 3333: 3332: 3329: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3310: 3307: 3305: 3302: 3300: 3297: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3260: 3257: 3255: 3252: 3250: 3247: 3246: 3245: 3242: 3241: 3240: 3239:Sp/KLF family 3237: 3233: 3230: 3228: 3225: 3224: 3223: 3220: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3208: 3206: 3203: 3202: 3201: 3198: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3180: 3179: 3176: 3172: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3163: 3162: 3159: 3155: 3152: 3150: 3147: 3145: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3122: 3121: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3103: 3100: 3098: 3095: 3093: 3090: 3088: 3085: 3084: 3083: 3080: 3078: 3075: 3073: 3070: 3066: 3063: 3061: 3058: 3056: 3053: 3052: 3051: 3050: 3046: 3044: 3041: 3040: 3033: 3030: 3028: 3025: 3023: 3020: 3018: 3015: 3013: 3010: 3008: 3005: 3003: 3000: 2998: 2995: 2994: 2993: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2976: 2973: 2971: 2968: 2967: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2947: 2946: 2943: 2942: 2940: 2938: 2927: 2921: 2918: 2914: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2900: 2899: 2896: 2892: 2889: 2887: 2884: 2882: 2879: 2877: 2874: 2872: 2869: 2867: 2864: 2863: 2862: 2859: 2858: 2856: 2854: 2847: 2837: 2834: 2832: 2829: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2818: 2812: 2809: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2798: 2792: 2789: 2787: 2784: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2773: 2765: 2762: 2760: 2757: 2755: 2752: 2751: 2750: 2747: 2746: 2744: 2741: 2736: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2714: 2713: 2710: 2706: 2703: 2701: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2689: 2686: 2684: 2681: 2680: 2679: 2676: 2674: 2671: 2670: 2669: 2666: 2665: 2663: 2660: 2655: 2649: 2646: 2642: 2639: 2637: 2634: 2633: 2632: 2629: 2625: 2622: 2620: 2617: 2615: 2612: 2611: 2610: 2607: 2605: 2602: 2598: 2595: 2593: 2590: 2589: 2588: 2585: 2583: 2580: 2576: 2573: 2571: 2567: 2566: 2565: 2562: 2561: 2559: 2556: 2551: 2545: 2542: 2538: 2535: 2533: 2530: 2529: 2528: 2525: 2521: 2518: 2516: 2513: 2511: 2508: 2507: 2506: 2503: 2499: 2496: 2494: 2491: 2489: 2486: 2485: 2484: 2481: 2479: 2476: 2472: 2469: 2467: 2464: 2462: 2459: 2458: 2457: 2454: 2450: 2447: 2445: 2442: 2441: 2440: 2437: 2435: 2432: 2430: 2427: 2423: 2420: 2418: 2415: 2414: 2413: 2410: 2409: 2407: 2404: 2399: 2396: 2394: 2387: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2371: 2368: 2363: 2359: 2343: 2340: 2338: 2335: 2333: 2330: 2328: 2325: 2323: 2320: 2319: 2318: 2315: 2314: 2312: 2310: 2306: 2298: 2295: 2293: 2290: 2288: 2285: 2283: 2280: 2278: 2275: 2273: 2270: 2268: 2265: 2264: 2263: 2260: 2259: 2257: 2255: 2251: 2242: 2239: 2235: 2232: 2230: 2227: 2226: 2225: 2222: 2218: 2215: 2213: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2203: 2200: 2198: 2195: 2194: 2193: 2190: 2189: 2188: 2185: 2181: 2178: 2176: 2173: 2171: 2168: 2166: 2163: 2162: 2161: 2158: 2157: 2155: 2153: 2149: 2143: 2140: 2136: 2133: 2131: 2128: 2127: 2126: 2123: 2121: 2118: 2116: 2113: 2111: 2108: 2106: 2103: 2101: 2098: 2096: 2093: 2089: 2086: 2084: 2081: 2080: 2079: 2076: 2074: 2071: 2070: 2068: 2066: 2063: 2059: 2049: 2046: 2045: 2043: 2035: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2013: 2012: 2009: 2005: 2002: 2000: 1997: 1995: 1992: 1990: 1987: 1985: 1982: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1972: 1971: 1970: 1967: 1966: 1964: 1958: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1942: 1940: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1931: 1930: 1927: 1925: 1922: 1918: 1915: 1913: 1910: 1908: 1905: 1904: 1903: 1900: 1899: 1897: 1891: 1883: 1880: 1878: 1875: 1874: 1873: 1870: 1866: 1863: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1851: 1848: 1847: 1846: 1843: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1825: 1823: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1805: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1784: 1783: 1782: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1768: 1766: 1763: 1755: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1737: 1734: 1732: 1729: 1727: 1724: 1723: 1722: 1719: 1717: 1714: 1713: 1711: 1705: 1699: 1696: 1690: 1687: 1685: 1682: 1681: 1680: 1677: 1675: 1672: 1671: 1670: 1667: 1663: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1654: 1653: 1650: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1637: 1636: 1633: 1629: 1626: 1624: 1621: 1619: 1616: 1615: 1614: 1611: 1607: 1604: 1602: 1599: 1598: 1597: 1594: 1590: 1587: 1585: 1582: 1580: 1577: 1575: 1572: 1571: 1570: 1567: 1565: 1562: 1558: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1549: 1548: 1545: 1543: 1540: 1536: 1533: 1531: 1528: 1527: 1526: 1523: 1522: 1520: 1514: 1511: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1494: 1491: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1479: 1477: 1474: 1473: 1472: 1469: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1455: 1452: 1450: 1447: 1445: 1442: 1440: 1437: 1436: 1435: 1432: 1428: 1425: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1409: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1388: 1385: 1383: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1371: 1368: 1366: 1363: 1361: 1358: 1357: 1356: 1353: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1320: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1309: 1306: 1302: 1299: 1297: 1294: 1293: 1292: 1289: 1285: 1282: 1280: 1277: 1275: 1272: 1270: 1267: 1265: 1262: 1260: 1257: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1246: 1245: 1242: 1238: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1213: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1199: 1198: 1195: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1185: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1146: 1141: 1139: 1134: 1132: 1127: 1126: 1123: 1116: 1112: 1109: 1108: 1104: 1095: 1091: 1086: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1054: 1051: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 999: 997: 993: 988: 984: 979: 974: 970: 966: 962: 955: 952: 947: 943: 938: 933: 929: 925: 921: 914: 912: 908: 903: 899: 894: 889: 884: 879: 875: 871: 867: 860: 858: 854: 849: 845: 840: 835: 831: 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 800: 797: 792: 788: 783: 778: 774: 770: 767:(2): 333–50. 766: 762: 758: 751: 748: 743: 739: 734: 729: 724: 719: 716:(9): 908–19. 715: 711: 707: 700: 697: 692: 686: 682: 678: 674: 667: 664: 659: 655: 651: 647: 643: 639: 635: 631: 624: 621: 615: 610: 606: 602: 598: 591: 588: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 556: 553: 548: 542: 538: 534: 530: 523: 520: 515: 511: 506: 501: 497: 493: 489: 482: 480: 476: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 436: 433: 428: 424: 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 400: 396: 392: 385: 383: 379: 373: 367: 362: 361: 352: 349: 342: 340: 338: 334: 329: 327: 323: 319: 315: 310: 308: 304: 300: 296: 291: 289: 285: 281: 277: 272: 270: 262: 260: 258: 254: 250: 246: 242: 238: 230: 228: 226: 222: 217: 215: 210: 206: 202: 198: 190: 188: 186: 180: 176: 173: 169: 165: 160: 158: 154: 150: 145: 141: 137: 128: 121: 119: 117: 112: 108: 104: 101: 97: 92: 90: 85: 81: 77: 73: 69: 65: 61: 53: 52:alpha helices 49: 45: 41: 37: 36:helical wheel 32: 19: 6552: 6507: 6463: 6421: 6413: 6385: 6379: 6373: 6342: 6307: 6295: 6232: 6209: 6191: 6159: 6130: 6011: 5941: 5915: 5867: 5770: 5717: 5637: 5625: 5579: 5571: 5477: 5423: 5396: 5388: 5359: 5348: 5092:FOX proteins 5052:winged helix 5044: 5015: 4998: 4941: 4861: 4835: 4713: 4679: 4662: 4640: 4623: 4556: 4524: 4378: 4341: 4322: 4268: 4234: 4228: 3922: 3916: 3905: 3899:Antennapedia 3897: 3884: 3872: 3866: 3835: 3793: 3771: 3748: 3727: 3485: 3438: 3384: 3330: 3243: 3221: 3199: 3177: 3160: 3118: 3047: 2929: 2897: 2849: 2821: 2801: 2776: 2739: 2705:Progesterone 2658: 2554: 2402: 2388: 2382: 2366: 2308: 2261: 2253: 2151: 2061: 2010: 1968: 1928: 1901: 1871: 1844: 1678: 1668: 1651: 1634: 1546: 1502: 1470: 1433: 1290: 1183: 1180: 1168: 1067: 1063: 1053: 1012: 1008: 968: 964: 954: 927: 923: 873: 869: 813: 809: 799: 764: 760: 750: 713: 709: 699: 672: 666: 636:(2): 170–6. 633: 629: 623: 604: 600: 590: 565: 561: 555: 528: 522: 495: 491: 445: 441: 435: 394: 390: 359: 351: 330: 317: 313: 311: 292: 287: 275: 273: 266: 234: 218: 209:major groove 194: 181: 177: 164:coiled coils 161: 136:dimerization 133: 93: 63: 59: 57: 39: 18:Basic zipper 6233:(4.11) Runt 3888:Homeodomain 3486:zinc finger 2822:subfamily 0 2802:subfamily 6 2777:subfamily 5 2740:subfamily 4 2659:subfamily 3 2555:subfamily 2 2403:subfamily 1 2370:Zinc finger 1613:Neurogenins 1181:(1.1) Basic 1064:Discoveries 630:ChemBioChem 568:: 299–310. 214:specificity 157:hydrophilic 149:hydrophobic 144:amphipathic 107:amino acids 89:side chains 80:alpha helix 48:amino acids 42:represents 6569:Categories 4766:POU domain 3906:ANTP class 3836:(2.6) WRKY 3119:GLI family 2254:(1.5) RF-X 2152:(1.4) NF-1 1070:(2): e15. 876:: e19272. 690:0470016175 546:0470016175 343:References 100:eukaryotic 6553:see also 6394:Apetala 2 5048:Fork head 3728:(2.4) Cys 2930:(2.3) Cys 1662:Scleraxis 1029:0092-8674 582:0091-7451 295:apoptotic 205:arginines 168:supercoil 5871:MADS box 4011:Homeobox 3923:Hox-like 3917:protoHOX 2678:Estrogen 2673:Androgen 2527:Rev-ErbA 2065:bHLH-ZIP 2040:bHLH-COE 1579:Myogenin 1094:26539561 946:16051676 902:28186491 848:23661758 791:18065552 742:18804028 658:39252601 650:14760737 514:24782137 140:monomers 6271:RUNX1T1 6251:CBFA2T3 6246:CBFA2T2 6126:TCF/LEF 4235:NK-like 4229:metaHOX 3932:ParaHox 3873:domains 2564:COUP-TF 2038:Group F 1961:Group E 1894:Group D 1758:Group C 1708:Group B 1652:Paraxis 1517:Group A 1085:4629104 1045:5068895 1037:3141060 987:8940135 893:5349851 839:4115154 818:Bibcode 810:Science 782:2245831 733:7111190 470:2683088 450:Bibcode 442:Science 419:3289117 399:Bibcode 391:Science 231:Biology 201:lysines 153:solvent 84:leucine 44:leucine 4984:Bicoid 4249:BARHL2 4244:BARHL1 3826:JMJD1B 3739:HIVEP1 2224:I-SMAD 2192:R-SMAD 2110:MLXIPL 1865:Period 1791:ARNTL2 1596:NeuroD 1117:(MeSH) 1092:  1082:  1043:  1035:  1027:  985:  944:  900:  890:  846:  836:  789:  779:  740:  730:  687:  656:  648:  580:  543:  512:  468:  425:  417:  368:  257:cancer 251:, and 155:. The 6534:Sigma 6399:EREBP 6383:EREBP 6374:(0.5) 6343:(0.3) 6266:RUNX3 6261:RUNX2 6256:RUNX1 6200:TFCP2 6121:SSRP1 5942:(4.7) 5932:TBPL1 5916:(4.6) 5868:(4.4) 5718:(4.2) 5659:NFKB2 5654:NFKB1 5649:NF-ÎşB 5638:(4.1) 5562:MYBL2 5349:(3.4) 5045:(3.3) 4994:BICD2 4969:SHOX2 4937:PROP1 4921:PRRX 4831:SATB2 4776:BRN-3 4771:PIT-1 4663:PKNOX 4578:TALE 4574:NOBOX 4547:HESX1 4520:CUTL1 4502:other 4396:NANOG 4259:BARX2 4254:BARX1 4006:MEOX2 4001:MEOX1 3885:(3.1) 3794:JARID 3767:GRLF1 3762:DIDO1 3422:Zbtb7 3412:TSHZ3 3380:PRDM9 3178:HIVEP 3043:ATBF1 2997:TFIIH 2982:TFIIF 2965:TFIIE 2960:TFIID 2955:TFIIB 2950:TFIIA 2920:TRPS1 2786:LRH-1 2764:NURR1 2754:NGFIB 2582:Ear-2 2383:(2.1) 2125:SREBP 2062:(1.3) 1824:NPAS 1813:EPAS1 1798:CLOCK 1786:ARNTL 1760:bHLH- 1736:n-Myc 1731:l-Myc 1726:c-Myc 1716:FIGLA 1698:Twist 1657:TCF15 1564:MESP2 1542:ATOH1 1535:ASCL2 1530:ASCL1 1461:NFIL3 1392:GABPA 1387:DDIT3 1318:C/EBP 1313:BLZF1 1274:c-Jun 1264:FOSL2 1259:FOSL1 1249:c-Fos 1041:S2CID 870:eLife 654:S2CID 427:42512 423:S2CID 318:Nfil3 314:Nfil3 307:FOXO1 303:TRAIL 299:HDAC2 288:Nfil3 276:Nfil3 269:NFIL3 241:c-jun 237:c-fos 6503:MNDA 6422:ARID 6377:AP-2 6364:RBL2 6359:RBL1 6333:HBP1 6316:HMGA 6223:YBX1 6218:CSDA 6153:LEF1 5985:HMGN 5958:HMGB 5879:Mef2 5858:MYRF 5846:TBR2 5841:TBR1 5789:TP63 5729:STAT 5721:STAT 5681:NFAT 5674:RELB 5669:RELA 5624:(4) 5505:FLI1 5471:SPIB 5172:D4L6 5167:D4L5 5162:D4L4 5157:D4L3 5152:D4L1 5016:PITX 4979:VSX2 4974:VSX1 4964:SHOX 4942:PHOX 4624:MEIS 4552:HOPX 4488:VAX2 4483:VAX1 4478:TLX3 4473:TLX2 4468:TLX1 4463:NATO 4446:HMX3 4441:HMX2 4436:HMX1 4374:LBX2 4369:LBX1 4359:HHEX 4218:MNX1 4213:GBX2 4208:GBX1 3996:Evx2 3991:Evx1 3959:PDX1 3954:Xlox 3844:WRKY 3757:AIRE 3716:804A 3439:ZBTB 3385:SALL 3375:OSR1 3370:MYT1 3365:MTF1 3200:IKZF 3139:REST 3114:GFI1 3109:ERV3 3077:E4F1 3072:CTCF 2861:GATA 2831:DAX1 2811:GCNF 2759:NOR1 2587:HNF4 2456:PPAR 2389:(Cys 2317:AP-2 2187:SMAD 2142:USF1 2115:MXI1 2095:MITF 2088:MXD3 2083:MXD1 2073:AP-4 2048:EBF1 1924:Pho4 1902:BHLH 1781:ARNT 1776:AHRR 1748:TCF4 1743:MXD4 1674:LYL1 1635:OLIG 1589:MYF6 1584:MYF5 1574:MyoD 1547:HAND 1525:AS-C 1507:bHLH 1493:XBP1 1397:GCN4 1377:CREM 1355:CREB 1308:BATF 1291:BACH 1284:JunD 1279:JUNB 1269:JDP2 1254:FOSB 1244:AP-1 1202:AATF 1188:bZIP 1154:and 1090:PMID 1033:PMID 1025:ISSN 1009:Cell 983:PMID 942:PMID 898:PMID 844:PMID 787:PMID 738:PMID 685:ISBN 646:PMID 578:ISSN 541:ISBN 510:PMID 466:PMID 415:PMID 366:ISBN 326:CEBP 322:CREB 253:mxd1 239:and 203:and 96:bZIP 62:(or 6530:Rho 6508:NFY 6481:MLL 6464:IFI 6459:CAP 6241:CBF 6160:TOX 6131:TCF 6116:SRY 6029:SOX 6012:HNF 5953:BBX 5927:TBP 5906:SRF 5851:TFT 5801:TBX 5794:p73 5784:p53 5664:REL 5557:MYB 5478:ETV 5466:ERG 5451:ETS 5446:ERF 5424:ELK 5419:EGF 5397:ELF 5361:HSF 5060:E2F 4999:OTX 4989:GSC 4959:RAX 4870:PAX 4836:ZEB 4809:3/4 4759:21A 4714:PHF 4680:SIX 4641:PBX 4617:MKX 4582:IRX 4557:LMX 4525:FHL 4515:CRX 4510:ARX 4456:6-2 4451:6-1 4431:3-2 4426:3-1 4421:2-5 4416:2-3 4411:2-2 4406:2-1 4401:NKX 4379:MSX 4364:HLX 4324:EMX 4286:DLX 4269:DBX 4264:BSX 4201:D13 4196:D12 4191:D11 4186:D10 4156:C13 4151:C12 4146:C11 4141:C10 4111:B13 4061:A13 4056:A11 4051:A10 3966:Cdx 3937:Gsx 3867:(3) 3772:ING 3711:655 3706:649 3701:644 3696:638 3691:593 3686:471 3681:452 3676:451 3671:423 3666:384 3661:366 3656:365 3651:350 3646:346 3641:330 3636:318 3631:300 3626:281 3621:268 3616:267 3611:259 3606:239 3601:238 3596:219 3591:217 3586:202 3581:165 3576:148 3571:146 3566:143 3526:33B 3417:WT1 3244:KLF 3222:ILF 3161:HIC 3154:YY1 3082:EGR 3065:11B 3060:11A 3049:BCL 3032:3C2 3027:3C1 2934:His 2898:MTA 2836:SHP 2791:SF1 2749:NUR 2648:TLX 2609:RXR 2604:PNR 2544:VDR 2505:ROR 2483:RAR 2478:PXR 2466:β/δ 2439:LXR 2434:FXR 2429:CAR 2367:(2) 2297:ANK 2262:RFX 2160:NFI 2120:Myc 2105:MLX 2100:MNT 2078:MAX 2011:HEY 1969:HES 1872:SIM 1845:PER 1803:HIF 1771:AhR 1762:PAS 1721:Myc 1679:TAL 1669:SLC 1471:NRF 1466:NRL 1434:NFE 1407:MAF 1402:HLF 1382:DBP 1080:PMC 1072:doi 1017:doi 973:doi 969:271 932:doi 888:PMC 878:doi 834:PMC 826:doi 814:340 777:PMC 769:doi 765:146 728:PMC 718:doi 677:doi 638:doi 609:doi 570:doi 533:doi 500:doi 458:doi 446:246 407:doi 395:240 284:DBP 249:max 245:myc 111:DNA 6571:: 6496:T1 6474:35 6469:16 6452:4A 6447:3B 6442:3A 6432:1B 6427:1A 6404:B3 6354:Rb 6109:21 6104:18 6099:15 6094:14 6089:13 6084:12 6079:11 6074:10 6022:1B 6017:1A 5836:22 5831:21 5826:19 5701:C4 5696:C3 5691:C2 5686:C1 5337:S1 5332:R2 5327:R1 5322:Q1 5317:P4 5312:P3 5307:P2 5302:P1 5297:O6 5292:O4 5287:O3 5282:O1 5277:N4 5272:N3 5267:N2 5262:N1 5257:M1 5252:L2 5247:L1 5242:K2 5237:K1 5232:J3 5227:J2 5222:J1 5217:I3 5212:I2 5207:I1 5202:H1 5197:G1 5192:F2 5187:F1 5182:E3 5177:E1 5147:D4 5142:D3 5137:D2 5132:D1 5127:C2 5122:C1 5117:B2 5112:B1 5107:A3 5102:A2 5097:A1 5050:/ 4952:2B 4947:2A 4824:11 4797:: 4778:: 4754:20 4749:17 4744:16 4739:10 4567:1B 4562:1A 4342:EN 4181:D9 4176:D8 4171:D4 4166:D3 4161:D1 4136:C9 4131:C8 4126:C6 4121:C5 4116:C4 4106:B9 4101:B8 4096:B7 4091:B6 4086:B5 4081:B4 4076:B3 4071:B2 4066:B1 4046:A9 4041:A7 4036:A5 4031:A4 4026:A3 4021:A2 4016:A1 3814:1D 3809:1C 3804:1B 3799:1A 3561:74 3556:51 3551:44 3546:43 3541:41 3536:35 3531:34 3521:24 3516:22 3511:19 3506:10 3479:40 3474:33 3469:32 3464:21 3459:20 3454:17 3449:16 3444:11 3432:7B 3427:7A 3331:SP 3324:17 3319:15 3314:14 3309:13 3304:12 3299:11 3294:10 3149:S2 3144:S1 3022:3A 3017:2I 2575:II 1929:ID 1818:3A 1808:1A 1454:L3 1449:L2 1444:L1 1370:L1 1088:. 1078:. 1066:. 1062:. 1039:. 1031:. 1023:. 1013:55 1011:. 1007:. 995:^ 981:. 967:. 963:. 940:. 928:46 926:. 922:. 910:^ 896:. 886:. 872:. 868:. 856:^ 842:. 832:. 824:. 812:. 808:. 785:. 775:. 763:. 759:. 736:. 726:. 714:15 712:. 708:. 683:. 675:. 652:. 644:. 632:. 605:10 603:. 599:. 576:. 566:37 564:. 539:. 531:. 508:. 496:13 494:. 490:. 478:^ 464:. 456:. 444:. 421:. 413:. 405:. 393:. 381:^ 259:. 247:, 227:. 118:. 58:A 6532:/ 6523:C 6518:B 6513:A 6491:3 6486:2 6437:2 6380:/ 6326:2 6321:1 6180:4 6175:3 6170:2 6165:1 6146:4 6141:3 6136:1 6069:9 6064:8 6059:6 6054:5 6049:4 6044:3 6039:2 6034:1 6005:4 6000:3 5995:2 5990:1 5978:4 5973:3 5968:2 5963:1 5899:D 5894:C 5889:B 5884:A 5821:5 5816:3 5811:2 5806:1 5759:6 5754:5 5749:4 5744:3 5739:2 5734:1 5706:5 5600:4 5595:3 5590:2 5585:1 5550:8 5545:7 5540:6 5535:5 5530:4 5525:3 5520:2 5515:1 5498:6 5493:5 5488:4 5483:1 5461:2 5456:1 5439:4 5434:3 5429:1 5412:5 5407:4 5402:2 5377:4 5372:2 5367:1 5085:5 5080:4 5075:3 5070:2 5065:1 5031:3 5026:2 5021:1 5009:2 5004:1 4930:2 4925:1 4915:9 4910:8 4905:7 4900:6 4895:5 4890:4 4885:3 4880:2 4875:1 4846:2 4841:1 4819:7 4814:6 4804:2 4799:1 4790:C 4785:B 4780:A 4734:8 4729:6 4724:3 4719:1 4705:5 4700:4 4695:3 4690:2 4685:1 4673:2 4668:1 4656:3 4651:2 4646:1 4634:2 4629:1 4612:6 4607:5 4602:4 4597:3 4592:2 4587:1 4540:3 4535:2 4530:1 4389:2 4384:1 4352:2 4347:1 4335:2 4330:1 4316:6 4311:5 4306:4 4301:3 4296:2 4291:1 4279:2 4274:1 3981:4 3976:2 3971:1 3947:2 3942:1 3819:2 3787:4 3782:2 3777:1 3730:6 3501:9 3496:7 3491:3 3405:4 3400:3 3395:2 3390:1 3356:8 3351:7 3346:4 3341:2 3336:1 3289:9 3284:8 3279:7 3274:6 3269:5 3264:4 3259:3 3254:2 3249:1 3232:3 3227:2 3215:3 3210:2 3205:1 3193:3 3188:2 3183:1 3171:2 3166:1 3134:3 3129:2 3124:1 3102:4 3097:3 3092:2 3087:1 3055:6 3012:4 3007:2 3002:1 2992:2 2987:1 2975:2 2970:1 2936:2 2932:2 2913:3 2908:2 2903:1 2891:6 2886:5 2881:4 2876:3 2871:2 2866:1 2852:4 2727:Îł 2722:β 2717:α 2688:β 2683:α 2641:4 2636:2 2624:Îł 2619:β 2614:α 2597:Îł 2592:α 2570:I 2568:( 2537:β 2532:α 2520:Îł 2515:β 2510:α 2498:Îł 2493:β 2488:α 2471:Îł 2461:α 2449:β 2444:α 2422:β 2417:α 2393:) 2391:4 2342:ε 2337:δ 2332:Îł 2327:β 2322:α 2292:6 2287:5 2282:4 2277:3 2272:2 2267:1 2243:) 2241:4 2234:7 2229:6 2217:9 2212:5 2207:3 2202:2 2197:1 2180:X 2175:C 2170:B 2165:A 2135:2 2130:1 2026:L 2021:2 2016:1 2004:7 1999:6 1994:5 1989:4 1984:3 1979:2 1974:1 1949:4 1944:3 1939:2 1934:1 1917:9 1912:3 1907:2 1882:2 1877:1 1860:3 1855:2 1850:1 1838:3 1833:2 1828:1 1689:2 1684:1 1645:2 1640:1 1628:3 1623:2 1618:1 1606:2 1601:1 1557:2 1552:1 1509:) 1505:( 1486:3 1481:2 1476:1 1439:2 1427:K 1422:G 1417:F 1412:B 1365:3 1360:1 1348:ζ 1343:ε 1338:δ 1333:Îł 1328:β 1323:α 1301:2 1296:1 1237:7 1232:6 1227:5 1222:4 1217:3 1212:2 1207:1 1190:) 1186:( 1144:e 1137:t 1130:v 1096:. 1074:: 1068:2 1047:. 1019:: 989:. 975:: 948:. 934:: 904:. 880:: 874:6 850:. 828:: 820:: 793:. 771:: 744:. 720:: 693:. 679:: 660:. 640:: 634:5 617:. 611:: 584:. 572:: 549:. 535:: 516:. 502:: 472:. 460:: 452:: 429:. 409:: 401:: 374:. 54:. 40:d 20:)

Index

Basic zipper

helical wheel
leucine
amino acids
alpha helices
structural motif
binding protein
amino acid sequences
alpha helix
leucine
side chains
bZIP
eukaryotic
transcription factors
amino acids
DNA
protein–protein interactions

dimerization
monomers
amphipathic
hydrophobic
solvent
hydrophilic
coiled coils
supercoil
heptad repeats
van der Waals interaction
provided table

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