185:
66:
113:
25:
1439:
651:. It has been found that this feature is not always reliable due to the loss of undulation in old zygospores and young zygospores always having smooth walls The results of this 2021 study suggest that this feature, along with odor formation and the production of whitish-mycelia are highly variable, and as such cannot be relied on for species classifications.
642:
Characteristics that were previously regarded as "defining" characteristics are being brought into question, as variation due to age or environmental conditions may change these features in the fungus. Some of these characteristics include the production of smooth zygospores, which used to be crucial
703:
is more commonly seen in children. Subcutaneous mycosis tends to present as a well-defined, firm, moveable mass on extremities in subcutaneous tissue. Gastrointestinal mycosis tends to present with typical stomach and colon disease symptoms, including abdominal pain, fever, heavy sweating, and
606:. Immature zygospores easily take up the stain, revealing smooth walls and irregular shapes, whereas mature zygospores (after 10β14 days in culture) do not take up the stain and are characterized by thick, smooth walls and are spherical and 30-45 micrometers in diameter. Cultures of
662:
species occur mainly within tropical and subtropical regions and have generally been associated with the gastrointestinal tract of amphibians, but are also found in reptiles, other animals and insects, soil, and plant detritus. Early reports of the genus refer to the fungus as a
635:. This tendency of entomophtoraceous fungi to form these 'hyphal bodies' was first described in Callaghan in 1888, and was described as the fungus becoming organized into "separated discrete protoplasts". Conidia were found to be much more abundantly produced from
679:
in
Germany and it is theorized that fungal spores can persist on the bristles of these mites and other insects as a saprophyte, and have made their way into reptiles, amphibians, and potentially humans, by means of ingestion of infested mites.
626:
cultures age on the SDA plates (5β6 days post-subculturing), the colony becomes a pale yellow color with radially folded hyphae, reaching a diameter of approximately 1β2 cm. Additionally, there were numerous elliptical adhesive
1254:
Bshabshe, Ali Al; Joseph, Martin R P; Hakami, Ahmed M Al; Azraqi, Tariq Al; Humayed, Sulieman Al; Hamid, Mohamed E (21 May 2019). "Basidiobolus haptosporus-like fungus as a causal agent of gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis".
728:, and surgery. It is hypothesized that the use of "toilet leaves" is a potential source of infections in humans, as the soil and vegetation could be contaminated by the fecal matter of amphibians and reptiles.
712:
can infect previously healthy individuals and is a chronic, inflammatory, or granulomatous infection. Management of these diseases is typically treated with common antifungal therapies including
1388:
631:
produced at the end of conidiophores and the formation of hyphal bodies and spherical conidia (25-35 micrometers diameter) with thin walls and prominent granular
1414:
1323:
804:"Differentiation of Basidiobolus spp. Isolates: RFLP of a Diagnostic PCR Amplicon Matches Sequence-Based Classification and Growth Temperature Preferences"
38:
1375:
614:
plates have shown a growth habit of creating grey, smooth, flat, and glabrous colonies without the presence of obvious aerial hyphae or the musty
735:
A 40-year-old man in India with
Entomophthoromycosis in 2009- presented with an ulcerative wound and serosanguineous discharge after surgery.
583:
are proving to be unreliable and highly variable, suggesting that previous species delineations could require further investigation.
154:
52:
467:
species vary based on environmental conditions, and as such there has been much controversy surrounding the naming and methods of
1499:
1227:
Drechsler, Charles (September 1956). "Supplementary
Developmental Stages of Basidiobolus Ranarum and Basidiobolus Haptosporus".
1460:
129:
757:
in 1979- presented with a month-long history of abdominal pain, fever, heavy sweats, and a mass in the stomach and colon.
699:
was reported in
Indonesia in 1956. While infections in humans and animals are rare, when it does occur, mycosis caused by
87:
44:
184:
78:
1336:
1449:
579:
has suggested that many of the characteristics that were once considered "defining" for species differentiation in
575:. A 2021 study that has further investigated the morphological and physiological characteristics of species within
1419:
1489:
572:
602:. Immature and mature zygospores can be differentiated by whether they have the ability to take up the stain
1494:
611:
603:
878:
Sood, S.; Sethi, S.; Banerjee, U. (December 1997). "Entomophthoromycosis due to
Basidiobolus haptosporus".
1291:
667:
in amphibians and reptiles, dating back to 1886. In addition to the frequent association with amphibians,
664:
350:
1341:
279:
1081:
Drechsler, Charles (1947). "A Basidiobolus
Producing Elongated Secondary Conidia with Adhesive Beaks".
1035:
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452:
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179:
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1180:"Comparative antigenic studies of species of Basidiobolus and other medically important fungi"
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1063:
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1005:
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843:
825:
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488:
437:
335:
308:
1036:"Basidiobolus haptosporus is frequently associated with the gamasid mite Leptogamasus obesus"
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has been proven to cause disease in humans, including both gastrointestinal and subcutaneous
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1199:
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695:, and has even resulted in death in some cases. The first case of human infection caused by
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236:
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A 2-year-old child in South Africa with
Subcutaneous Phycomycosis in 1980- presented with
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in Saudi Arabia- the DNA sequence from these samples shows a 99.7% similarity with
725:
721:
615:
415:
385:
319:
256:
1195:
1314:
1051:
944:"Subcutaneous Phycomycosis Caused by Basidiobolus haptosporus (Drechsler, 1947)"
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346:
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Yangco, B G; Nettlow, A; Okafor, J I; Park, J; Te Strake, D (April 1986).
1009:
978:"Gastrointestinal entomophthoramycosis caused by Basidiobolus haptosporus"
899:
1401:
1308:
1268:
1138:
628:
976:
de Aguiar, Eurico; Moraes, Waldete C.; Londero, A. T. (1 January 1980).
750:
on hands and forearms, which were not painful, but continued to enlarge.
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373:
365:
358:
342:
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Werner, Sebastian; PerΕ‘oh, Derek; Rambold, Gerhard (1 January 2012).
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338:
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and are similar to one another. More recent studies have found that
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was recovered on culture from the surgical wound and subsequent
422:
362:
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within the genus. The naming conventions of the species within
1432:
567:
have been found to cause disease in humans as well, including
106:
59:
18:
126:
bring into alignment with our other fungi species articles.
475:
have changed numerous times, from regarding the species
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83:
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to it so that it can be listed with similar articles.
349:
regions. This fungus is largely associated with the
1298:
753:A 4-year-old child in Brazil with Gastrointestinal
802:Claussen, Maike; Schmidt, Stefan (February 2021).
594:can generally be identified by large, vegetative
1121:Vilela, Raquel; Mendoza, Leonel (October 2018).
515:includes results from a 1986 study that used an
326:, which are characterized by the production of
8:
555:is not the only pathogen-causing species of
314:and is a member of a grouping known as the "
618:-like odor typically associated with other
511:. Another classification of species within
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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155:Learn how and when to remove this message
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671:has also been found in association with
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122:needs attention from an expert in Fungi
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639:zygospores than from hyphal segments.
132:may be able to help recruit an expert.
1083:Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club
318:". This classification comprises two
7:
380:as well, including Gastrointestinal
1123:"Human Pathogenic Entomophthorales"
761:was isolated from the tumoral mass.
1448:needs additional or more specific
892:10.1111/j.1439-0507.1997.tb00247.x
643:for species determination between
598:and many spherical, smooth-walled
428:by Eidam in 1886 with the species
388:. Closely related species include
341:with distribution concentrated in
14:
942:Vismer, H. F. (18 October 1980).
77:to comply with Knowledge (XXG)'s
34:This article has multiple issues.
1437:
1184:Journal of Clinical Microbiology
523:relationship between species in
183:
111:
64:
23:
495:, to regarding most species of
42:or discuss these issues on the
1241:10.1080/00275514.1956.12024579
704:diarrhea. A disease caused by
361:but has also been reported on
1:
1196:10.1128/jcm.23.4.679-682.1986
1127:Clinical Microbiology Reviews
612:Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA)
16:Species of zygomycotic fungus
1052:10.1016/j.funbio.2011.10.004
469:interspecies differentiation
124:. The specific problem is:
1516:
519:technique to evaluate the
477:Basidiobolus meristosporus
436:, was first described by
421:was first described from
386:subcutaneous phycomycosis
285:
278:
180:Scientific classification
178:
171:
1300:Basidiobolus haptosporus
689:Basidiobolus haptosporus
645:Basidiobolus haptosporus
592:Basidiobolus haptosporus
539:are distinct from other
481:Basidiobolus haptosporus
434:Basidiobolus haptosporus
410:Taxonomy & phylogeny
304:Basidiobolus haptosporus
289:Basidiobolus haptosporus
173:Basidiobolus haptosporus
90:may contain suggestions.
75:may need to be rewritten
1500:Fungi described in 1947
604:Lactophenol Cotton Blue
320:Phyla- the Mucoromycota
444:genus is found in the
351:gastrointestinal tract
453:Entomophthoromycotina
330:and suspensor cells.
1139:10.1128/CMR.00014-18
755:Entomophthoromycosis
684:Relevance for humans
649:Basidiobolus ranarum
485:Basidiobolus ranarum
451:under the Subphylum
430:Basidiobolus ranarum
391:Basidiobolus ranarum
382:entomophthoromycosis
227:Entomophthoromycetes
710:Entomophtoromycosis
677:Leptogamasus obesus
531:, which found that
483:as synonyms, where
271:B. haptosporus
217:Entomophthoromycota
1269:10.1093/mmy/myz046
994:10.1007/BF00493818
948:SA Medical Journal
821:10.3390/jof7020110
766:Basidiobolomycosis
573:intestinal disease
547:species including
1478:
1477:
1461:adding categories
1430:
1429:
1292:Taxon identifiers
886:(9β10): 345β346.
708:that is known as
438:Charles Drechsler
328:sexual zygospores
300:
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165:
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147:
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130:WikiProject Fungi
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79:quality standards
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1490:Entomophthorales
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808:Journal of Fungi
799:
714:potassium iodide
675:species such as
622:species. As the
565:B. meristosporus
549:B. meristosporus
507:as synonyms for
505:B. meristosporus
396:B. meristosporus
295:Drechsler (1947)
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237:Entomophthorales
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517:immunodiffusion
432:. The species,
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247:Basidiobolaceae
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1283:
1282:
1263:(2): 264β267.
1246:
1235:(5): 655β676.
1219:
1190:(4): 679β682.
1170:
1108:
1089:(5): 403β413.
1073:
1040:Fungal Biology
1023:
988:(2): 101β105.
982:Mycopathologia
957:
913:
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778:
775:
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773:
770:B. haptosporus
762:
759:B. haptosporus
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737:B. haptosporus
731:Case reports:
718:amphotericin B
706:B. haptosporus
701:B. haptosporus
697:B. haptosporus
685:
682:
656:
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624:B. haptosporus
608:B. haptosporus
588:
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561:B. haptosporus
533:B. haptosporus
501:B. haptosporus
487:describes all
411:
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400:B. microsporus
370:B. haptosporus
332:B. haptosporus
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741:chronic ulcer
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461:physiological
458:
457:Morphological
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446:Zoopagomycota
443:
440:in 1947. The
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324:Zoopagomycota
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280:Binomial name
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1228:
1222:
1187:
1183:
1173:
1130:
1126:
1086:
1082:
1076:
1046:(1): 90β97.
1043:
1039:
985:
981:
951:
947:
883:
879:
811:
807:
769:
758:
736:
730:
726:ketoconazole
722:itraconazole
705:
700:
696:
688:
687:
676:
673:gamasid mite
669:Basidiobolus
668:
660:Basidiobolus
659:
658:
648:
644:
641:
623:
620:Basidiobolus
619:
616:Streptomyces
607:
591:
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581:Basidiobolus
580:
577:Basidiobolus
576:
569:subcutaneous
564:
560:
557:Basidiobolus
556:
552:
548:
545:Conidiobolus
544:
541:Basidiobolus
540:
536:
532:
529:Conidiobolus
528:
525:Basidiobolus
524:
513:Basidiobolus
512:
508:
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500:
497:Basidiobolus
496:
493:Basidiobolus
492:
484:
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473:Basidiobolus
472:
465:Basidiobolus
464:
463:features of
442:Basidiobolus
441:
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418:Basidiobolus
417:
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258:Basidiobolus
257:
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125:
121:
93:
84:You can help
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
637:germinating
559:, but that
491:species of
372:has caused
347:Subtropical
336:filamentous
316:zygomycetes
1484:Categories
1450:categories
954:: 644β647.
814:(2): 110.
777:References
743:that grew.
665:saprophyte
600:zygospores
587:Morphology
553:B. ranarum
537:B. ranarum
509:B. ranarum
499:including
489:pathogenic
355:amphibians
213:Division:
39:improve it
1315:Q10925869
1229:Mycologia
1060:1878-6146
1002:1573-0832
830:2309-608X
633:cytoplasm
610:grown on
521:antigenic
426:excrement
404:B. magnus
265:Species:
203:Kingdom:
197:Eukaryota
88:talk page
45:talk page
1457:help out
1402:MycoBank
1394:10390480
1363:Fungorum
1329:60032541
1324:AusFungi
1309:Wikidata
1277:31111900
1165:52121261
1157:30158298
1068:22208604
908:22539271
848:33546095
366:bristles
359:reptiles
343:Tropical
322:and the
243:Family:
193:Domain:
1455:Please
1381:2558166
1214:3084553
1148:6148186
1103:2482063
1018:5639763
1010:7464896
900:9470419
880:Mycoses
839:7913143
748:nodules
693:mycosis
655:Ecology
629:conidia
374:disease
309:Kingdom
253:Genus:
233:Order:
223:Class:
1407:284511
1368:284511
1342:585908
1275:
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724:, and
716:(KI),
596:hyphae
449:Phylum
416:Genus
402:, and
378:humans
339:fungus
86:. The
1420:90248
1389:IRMNG
1355:5WD83
1161:S2CID
1133:(4).
1099:JSTOR
1014:S2CID
904:S2CID
334:is a
312:Fungi
207:Fungi
1415:NCBI
1376:GBIF
1337:BOLD
1273:PMID
1210:PMID
1153:PMID
1064:PMID
1056:ISSN
1006:PMID
998:ISSN
896:PMID
844:PMID
826:ISSN
647:and
571:and
563:and
543:and
535:and
527:and
503:and
479:and
459:and
423:frog
414:The
384:and
363:mite
357:and
345:and
1459:by
1350:CoL
1265:doi
1237:doi
1200:PMC
1192:doi
1143:PMC
1135:doi
1091:doi
1048:doi
1044:116
990:doi
888:doi
834:PMC
816:doi
376:in
353:of
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