182:
57:
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A new attack from
Algiers was mounted in 1615–1616. On 14 March 1616, captain Jacques Vinciguerra appeared to re-establish the Bastion de France. During the period of peace that began in 1617 Jean-Louis du Mas de Castellane was sent by the Ottoman Sultan to negotiate the restoration of the Bastion to
205:
In 1631, Louis named Sanson
Napollon governor of the Bastion de France, which was now the property of the crown rather than the duc de Guise. However, in 1633, Sanson Napollon was killed in an attack led by the Genoese, and in 1637, a new Algerian offensive led by the galley commander Ali Bitchinin,
161:
by
Charles of Lorraine, Duc de Guise, confirming the French presence. However, in 1604, following further intrigues and disputes, the Bastion was once again seized and destroyed. France retained sufficient influence in Istanbul to secure the dismissal of the Dey of Algiers for this outrage, who was
201:
paid 272,435 livres to purchase the freedom of
European slaves, the cost of campaigns and gifts. Napollon assumed control over the trading posts of Annaba, La Calle (El Kala) Bastion de France. As well as resuming the coral fishery, Sanson Napollon opened a new base on Cap Rosa to capitalise on the
149:
Antionio's son Thomas took over as governor of the
Bastion in 1597. but the prosperity of the Lenches was threatened by the warlike politics of North Africa. In June 1604, the Bastion de France was destroyed by the militia of Annaba, supported by galleys from Rais Murad of Algiers. The Lenches
120:
The
Bastion was seized by Algiers in 1568, but the Lenches were able to quickly regain control. Tomasino's nephew Antonio, one of the richest men in Marseille, served as governor of the Bastion de France (1568-1588). During this period Henri III confirmed the monopoly of the
96:) together with his nephews Visconte (c.1545-1580) and Antonio Lenche (c.1540-1588), and his Porrata cousins from Morsiglia. Commercial activity grew rapidly - there were soon 250 fishermen working on 50 vessels. Coral was highly profitable: a fisherman was paid 12
197:, a cousin of the Lenches, signed a treaty re-establishing safe passage for merchant ships. On 8 October, the commander of the Algiers galleys informed the consuls from Marseille that two robes of honour had been offered to Napollon.
64:
The
Bastion de France was built in 1561 by Tomasino Lenche to secure his family's lucrative position in the coral fisheries off the North African coast. The Lenche family (also known as Linche, Lencio or Lenciu) were originally from
162:
then strangled. In 1608 Algiers made a new contract favouring merchants from
Bordeaux, which was seeking to oust Marseille from its preeminent position in the luxury trades, and push the Lenche family out of their foothold.
206:
dealt a lethal blow to the French trading posts. The buildings of
Bastion de France, El Kala and Cap Rosa were destroyed, although an agreement with Algiers in 1640 allowed for them to be rebuilt.
104:) for a pound of coral, which could then be sold for six livres. It was a luxury product used in gold working (for example in the making of rosaries) and was used as a form of currency in the
713:
169:
In 1619, exhausted by this constant destruction, Thomas II Lenche sold his rights over the
Bastion to the duc de Guise, governor of Provence, in exchange for an annual pension of 4,800
141:, while Genoa, which ruled Corsica, took the opposing side. In the intense rivalries of the time, Antonio Lenche was assassinated in 1588 by supporters of the Catholic League.
154:
who protested through his consul in Algiers, M. de Vias. In response the consul was severely beaten, but eventually Thomas was able to secure the return of his privileges.
413:"Paul Masson: Les Compagnies du Corail. Étude historique sur le commerce de Marseille au XVIe siècle et les origines de la colonisation française en Algérie-Tunisie"
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133:, ensuring that the entire North African coast was controlled by Lenche family companies. Their business affairs became dangerously entangled in the
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299:"Émigrer au XVe siècle: la communauté ligure des pêcheurs de corail de Marsacares. I. Étude de la population et des modalités de départ"
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and other places. A treaty of 1689 between France and Algiers granted the Bastion and the right to trade there to the HĂ©ly Company.
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210:
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217:. For a period of one hundred years, control was ceded to France of the Bastion de France, La Calle, Cap Rosa, Annaba,
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the French; while he was in Algiers however war broke out again and he was taken captive, and only released in 1619.
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The Cambridge History of Islam: Volume 2A, The Indian Sub-Continent, South-East Asia, Africa and the Muslim West
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granted him the right to fish for coral at Massacarès, (Mers el-Kharez) near Annaba. The following year
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View of La Calle (El Kala) 1788. In the 18th century, private trading companies were replaced by the
82:
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73:) and Tomasino Lenche had established himself in business in Marseille as early as 1533. In 1550,
243:"TRUSTS TRILATERAUX MARSEILLAIS DU 16° AU 18° SIECLE LES COMPAGNIES DU CORAIL EN AFRIQUE DU NORD"
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In the late 1620s relations between France and Algiers finally normalised. On 19 September 1628,
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129:(1584). During this period his cousin Orso-Santo Cipriani founded a second coral company, the
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48:, especially in the valuable coral trade. It was demolished and rebuilt a number of times.
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478:« La Corse enjeu géostratégique en Méditerranée et les marins Cap Corsins »
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La France et l'islam au fil de l'histoire: Quinze siècles de relations tumultueuses
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Captives and Corsairs: France and Slavery in the Early Modern Mediterranean
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was a trading post founded in the sixteenth century by French merchants of
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granted him a monopoly on this fishery, which was renewed in 1560 by
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For half a century, the Bastion lay in ruins. In 1684, after the
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P. M. Holt; Ann K. S. Lambton; Bernard Lewis (21 April 1977).
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In 1602 the Bastion de France was visited in the name of King
596:
France. Ministère de l'Instruction Publique (Paris). (1866).
512:
Bulletin bimestriel de la Société de comptabilité de France
125:(1582) and extended its limits to include the fisheries of
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origin who had established themselves in North Africa near
599:
Revue des Sociétés Savantes de la France et de l'Étranger
392:. Centre de Documentation Histoique sur l'Algérie (CDHA)
137:. The Lenche family supported Henri III against the
602:. Ministère de l'Instruction Publique. p. 139.
213:the Dey of Algiers signed a new peace treaty with
714:Trading companies established in the 16th century
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515:. Sociéte de comptabilité de France. p. 72.
584:Chronique maritime de la France d'Ancien RĂ©gime
44:. It developed important commercial links with
622:European enclaves in North Africa before 1830
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559:. Stanford University Press. pp. 268–.
417:Revue d'Histoire Moderne & Contemporaine
493:Crises, conflits et guerres en Méditerranée
453:. Cambridge University Press. p. 257.
509:Société de comptabilité de France (1974).
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340:MĂ©moires de l'Institut national de France
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189:, which assumed control of the Bastion.
526:Michel Vergé-Franceschi (2009-09-30).
270:Michel Vergé-Franceschi (2005-06-08).
303:Mélanges de l'école française de Rome
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20:Ruins of the Bastion de France near
627:History of the Mediterranean region
497:Désordres en Méditerranée et Enjeux
363:. Editions du Rocher. p. 132.
632:List of cultural assets of Algeria
14:
386:"Du Bastiin de France Ă la Calle"
88:In 1552 Tomasino established the
553:Gillian Weiss (11 March 2011).
357:Gerbert Rambaud (2018-04-03).
90:Magnifique Compagnie du corail
1:
586:, Paris, Sedes, 1998, p. 328.
499:, mis en ligne le 12 mai 2006
211:Bombardment of Algiers (1683)
187:fr:Compagnie royale d'Afrique
273:Paoli: Un Corse des Lumières
719:Defunct companies of France
709:Trading companies of France
704:Defunct companies of Africa
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694:History of former colonies
489:Cahiers de la Méditerranée
297:Gourdin, Philippe (1986).
699:Former colonies in Africa
94:Magnificent Coral Company
655:36.9183361°N 8.3421806°E
411:Letaconnoux, J. (1908).
580:Michel Vergé-Franceschi
532:. Fayard. p. 122.
474:Michel Vergé-Franceschi
343:. 1833. pp. 558–9.
315:10.3406/mefr.1986.2875
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100:(equivalent to half a
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123:Magnifique compagnie
108:and particularly in
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131:Compagnie du corail
679:Regency of Algiers
483:2007-06-11 at the
384:Costa, Christian.
195:fr:Sanson Napollon
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79:Henri II of France
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566:978-0-8047-7784-1
539:978-2-213-64953-5
460:978-0-521-29137-8
370:978-2-268-09768-8
283:978-2-213-64866-8
241:Zaouali, Jeanne.
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34:Bastion de France
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427:23 February
396:23 February
320:23 February
252:23 February
673:Categories
276:. Fayard.
225:References
199:Louis XIII
110:Alexandria
83:Charles IX
215:Tourville
71:Cap Corse
67:Morsiglia
46:Marseille
611:See also
481:Archived
159:Henri IV
152:Henri IV
38:Corsican
617:Tabarka
390:cdha.fr
127:Bizerte
26:Algeria
22:El Kala
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219:BĂ©jaĂŻa
42:Annaba
102:livre
561:ISBN
534:ISBN
455:ISBN
429:2020
398:2020
365:ISBN
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254:2020
98:sols
32:The
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