33:
431:"We know of Yahya ibn Khalid al-Barmaki (d. 805) as a patron of physicians and, specifically, of the translation of Hindu medical works into both Arabic and Persian. In all likelihood however, his activity took place in the orbit of the caliphal court in Iraq , where at the behest of Hārūn al-Rashīd (786–809), such books were translated into Arabic. Thus Khurāsān and Transoxiana were effectively bypassed in this transfer of learning from India to Islam, even though, undeniably the Barmakī's cultural outlook owed something to their land of origin, northern khurasan, and Yahya al-Barmakī's interest in medicine may have derived from no longer identifiable family tradition."
558:. In order that these two might be with him continuously without breach of the restrictions on women, he persuaded them to contract a purely formal marriage. This marriage was on condition the two would meet only in his presence, and never produce an heir. This condition was broken, and when Harun learned that ʿAbbāsa had borne a son, he had Jafar suddenly arrested and beheaded, and the rest of the family, except Yahya's brother Muḥammad, also imprisoned and deprived of their property. However, these claims lack credibility as they are unconvincing legends, fake stories and fiction that has no basis whatsoever. In reality, after the death of Abbasa's first husband
215:, the name Barmak was not a name but a title of the high priest of the fire temple of the city, though recent research makes it certain that it was a Buddhist title changed to look more Iranian. His wife was enslaved during the battle for Balkh in 705 and given to the Arab general's brother 'Abd-Ullah. Their sexual relation produced a son known as Khalid, whom 'Abd-Ullah later acknowledged as his natural son. She was later restored to her husband after peace was reached. Barmak had also been summoned to cure Caliph
2265:
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446:
718:). The long neck which Barmakids possessed is said to have been responsible for the introduction of the custom of wearing high collars. The first extant Arabic report on India was prepared under the directions of Yahya ibn Barmak by his envoy. The Barmakids invited several scholars and physicians from everywhere in the caliphate to the court of Abbasids. During the
285:) This department was concerned with Taxation and Land Tenure. Genuine budgets began to be drawn up for the first time and offices sprang up for various departments. The extensive staff of officials engaged in correspondence with the provinces and prepared estimates and accounts. An influential stratum of officialdom, the Irano-Islamic class of secretaries (
1467:
Barmakids, a
Persian family who had converted to Islam from Buddhism." Liyakatali Takim, "The heirs of the prophet: charisma and religious authority in Shi'ite Islam ", SUNY Press, 2006. pg 51: "The Barmakids were a Persian family of secretaries and wazirs who served the early 'Abbassid caliphs in different administrative capacities."
184:
priests before converting to Islam, an erroneous view based on the fact that Balkh was known as an important centre of
Zoroastrianism, or from a simple failure of early Islamic sources to distinguish Zoroastrians from Buddhists. In fact, the Barmakids descended from the chiefs, or administrators of
593:
in Persia and called for rule by himself in place of Hārūn. Many people followed him, and he became strong enough to threaten Hārūn. Hārūn captured him, and placed him in house arrest in the custody of
Barmakid al-Fadl ibn Yahya. However, al-Fadl ibn Yahya instead connived at Yahya ibn Abdullah's
1466:
dynasty ruled with the help of the
Barmakids, a prominent Persian family from Balkh who, before their conversion, had been priests in the Buddhist monastery of Nawbahar." Josef W. Meri, Jere L. Bacharach, "Medieval Islamic Civilization: L-Z, index", Taylor & Francis, 2006. pg 855: "The
601:
The
Barmakid army. Although technically this army of 50,000 men was under the Caliph, in reality, it was controlled by al-Fadl ibn Yahya. During the last days of Barmakid power, al-Fadl brought 20,000 men to Baghdad as the Karnabiya Legion. This made Harun very wary of their
574:
The
Barmakids' monetary extravagance, so that in displays of wealth they overshadowed Hārun himself. It has been said that Yahya ibn Khalid had gold tiles on the wall of his mansion, and Jafar ibn Yahya's mansion cost twenty million dirhams. Hārun became upset on a tour of
32:
278:(714–775). He had risen to be the vizier, following death of Abu Salma and Abul Jahm. Khalid was on such intimate terms with al-Saffah that his daughter was nursed by the wife of the Caliph. Likewise, Caliph's daughter was nursed by Khalid's wife.
197:. Harold Bailey proposed that the name of the Barmakids may derive from the Sanskrit word प्रमुख Pramukha, meaning “leader,” although the theory is subject of debate. The Barmakids are also suggested to have been of Kashmiri Buddhist descent.
235:
states that it isn't known when or where the Barmak died, nor is his conversion certain, despite al-Kirmani's account. al-Kirmani states that he may have retained his faith as his son Khalid's beliefs were suspect, according to
705:
A number of canals, mosques and other public works owe their existence to the initiative and munificence of the
Barmakids. Al Fadl ibn Yahya is credited with introducing the use of lamps in the mosques during the holy month of
542:
In 803, the family lost favor in the eyes of Harun al-Rashīd, and many of its members were imprisoned. The decision came as sudden to many. However, Harun ar-Rashid is also reported to have given orders to his sahib-al-shurta
200:
The
Barmakids were highly educated, respected and influential throughout Arabia, Persia, Central Asia and the Levant. In Baghdad, the Barmakid court became a centre of patronage for the
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Due to the recent clarifications of van Bladel, we now know that the frequent references in older literature to the
Barmakids being Persian or Zoroastrian are imprecise. See, e.g.,
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of the sciences, which greatly helped the propagation of
Iranian science and scholarship into the Islamic world of Baghdad and beyond. They patronized scholars such as
207:
The first member of the family whose identity is known in historical records was a physician of Balkh. He is reputed for a pill named after him and also recommended by
586:, an official very close to Hārun. He persuaded Hārūn to assign spies to watch them, and that is how Hārūn found out about the escape of Yahya ibn Abdullah al-Talibi.
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710:. They are also credited with the establishment of the first paper mill in Baghdad. Jafar ibn Yahya acquired great fame for eloquence, literary activity, and
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The History of al-Tabari Vol. 23: The Zenith of the Marwanid House: The Last Years of 'Abd al-Malik and The Caliphate of al-Walid A.D. 700-715/A.H. 81-96
570:
Al-Tabari and Ibn Khaldūn mentioned completely other different reasons ensuring that their decline was gradual and not sudden. These other reasons are:
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1874:
The History of al-Ṭabarī Vol. 30: The ʿAbbāsid Caliphate in Equilibrium: The Caliphates of Mūsā al-Hādī and Hārūn al-Rashīd A.D. 785-809/A.H. 169-193
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714:. Hitti argues that chiefly because of him, Arab historians regard the Barmakids as the founders of the class designated as 'people of the pen' (
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Nizak, being killed along with his ten sons. Khalid was born a Buddhist and later converted to Islam, taking various ministerial jobs within the
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in the seventh century which may have led to the Persian and Arabic error of thinking that the term "Nowbahār" was the name of a Zoroastrian
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Outside the city, towards the south-west, there is a convent called Navasaṅghārāma , which was built by a former king of this country.
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318:, Khalid, through a mix of firmness and justice, brought the province quickly into order and effectively curbed the unruly Kurds.
303:(land tax) which took account not only of the quality of the land but of the produce of the crops sown, made the officials of the
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in Persian), was formed which considered itself as the main support of the state. Their knowledge of the complex system of the
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the Buddhist monastery called Navavihāra (Skt. नवविहार) or "New Monastery", that was described by the Chinese Buddhist diarist
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1454:, Cyril Glassé (ed.), The New Encyclopedia of Islam, Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, revised ed., 2003,
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510:
609:, sent a letter to Hārun reporting unrest in his province, which he blamed on Musa ibn Yahya, another brother of Jafar.
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records that his father had to abandon Islam after converting due to pressure from local magnates as well as people of
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2399:
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482:
427:; the vizier Ja'far appears in several stories, as well as a tale that gave rise to the expression "Barmecide feast".
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The Barmakids were remarkable for their majesty, splendor and hospitality. They are mentioned in some stories of the
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256:. The Buddhist ancestry of Barmakids seems to have stimulated interest in Indian sciences in the eighth century.
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Harold Bailey, 1943. "Iranica" BSOAS 11: p. 2. India - Department of Archaeology, and V. S. Mirashi (ed.),
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1767:. Centre for the Study of the Civilizations of Central Asia, Quaid-i-Azam University. 1980. p. 141.
1128:
727:
606:
1713:
A Medical History of Persia and the Eastern Caliphate: From the Earliest Times Until the Year A.D. 1932
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A Medical History of Persia and the Eastern Caliphate: From the Earliest Times Until the Year A.D. 1932
478:
307:; the guardians of knowledge which was inaccessible to the uninitiated and was passed by inheritance.
231:
who increased his status and was impressed by him. He then became a Muslim and enjoyed a high status.
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Si-yu-ki, Buddhist Records of the Western World, Translated from the Chinese of Hiuen Tsiang (AD 629)
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of confiscation of Barmakid properties one year before the events, implying it to be planned action.
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History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Volume 4, Part 2 By C. E. Bosworth, M.S.Asimov, page 300
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in 705. Abu Hafs 'Umar al-Kirmani's account narrates that the Barmak was brought among a party of
180:(Northern Afghanistan). Historians of Islam have sometimes considered the Barmakids to have been
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According to Rit Nosotro, Harun al-Rashīd found his chief pleasure in the society of his sister
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Khalid al-Barmaki (705–782) occupied distinguished positions under first two Abbasid Caliphs,
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2133:. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.
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579:: whenever he saw an impressive house or mansion, he was told it belonged to the Barmakids.
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headed by the Barmakids as reported in Islamic sources. The Pramukhas converted during the
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The fall of the Iranian Barmakids did not, however, affect the prominent position of the
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The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXIX: Al-Mansūr and al-Mahdī, A.D. 763–786/A.H. 146–169
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2053:
1778:
C. Edmund, Bosworth (1994). "Abū Ḥafṣ 'Umar al-Kirmānī and the Rise of the Barmakids".
1566:
Alai Ibn Anjab Ibn Al-Saaai; Shawkat M. Toorawa; Julia Bray; Ibn al-Sai (15 May 2015).
1452:"Barmakids." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 4 June 2007
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in capturing the throne and rose to power as the most powerful man in the Caliphate.
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The Yahya ibn Abdullah al-Talibi incident. In AH 176, Yahya ibn Abdullah went to
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734:. On 30 July 763, the caliph Al Mansur concluded the construction of the city.
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Under Abbasid regime Khalid rose to the headship of the department of Finance (
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The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs
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311:
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147:) of Al Saffah, the first Caliph of the Abbasid dynasty. His son Yahya aided
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Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
1426:, which is named after the Barmakids, is a neighborhood and district in the
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in addition to a scent which was widely used by prostitutes. According to
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125:
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2289:. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 407.
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293:
249:
133:
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Buddhism in Iran: An Anthropological Approach to Traces and Influences
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in Baghdad. The power of the Barmakids in those times is reflected in
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2097:. Translated by Ethel Broido. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
590:
562:, her brother Harun Al-Rashid arranged the marriage of his sister to
406:
299:
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136:
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monastery), and subsequently came to great political power under the
1599:. Vol. 1. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner. pp. 44 ff.
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reflects on the suppression by Hārun even of their name in her poem
314:, where he crushed a dangerous uprising. During his governorship of
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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338:(775-85) with the education of his son, Harun, the future Caliph
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1659:
Sudden Appearances: The Mongol Turn in Commerce, Belief, and Art
2297:
1877:. State University of New York Press. 2015-06-29. p. 218.
638:
439:
227:(thought to be slaves or retainers) and honored by the Caliph
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1611:
1609:
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1547:
1545:
1543:
417:. They are also credited with the establishment of the first
358:(767–803), both occupied high offices under Harun al-Rashid.
436:
Loss of support at the Abbasid court and execution of Jafar
1969:
Hovannisian, Richard G.; Sabagh, Georges (1998-11-19).
1846:
1844:
1569:
Consorts of the Caliphs: Women and the Court of Baghdad
1523:
Persian Historiography: History of Persian Literature A
310:
In 765, Khalid al-Barmaki received the governorship of
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escape from Baghdad. The Caliph considered that to be
730:
there. Khalid was later in charge of the building of
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Islam and Tibet: Interactions along the Musk Routes
470:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
402:(767–803), both occupied high offices under Harun.
76:
65:
57:
39:
21:
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2185:
2119:(in Arabic) (4th ed.). Cairo: al-Dar Ma'arif.
2035:
1520:Yarshater, Ehsan; Melville, Charles (2012-01-30).
1360:
366:The Barmakid family was an early supporter of the
1926:"The Legacy of the Barmaki Wazirs Under Abbasids"
16:Influential Iranian family of Harun al-Rashid era
1619:
1507:
429:
168:The family is traceable back to the hereditary
143:, the son of Barmak became the chief minister (
2998:Two Years Eight Months and Twenty-Eight Nights
2113:Ibn Qutaybah, Abu Muhammad Abdallah ibn Muslim
2309:
756:
8:
2943:The Thousand-and-Second Tale of Scheherazade
1956:
617:in the Abbasid court, which continued until
172:administrators of the Buddhist monastery of
2352:The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night
2075:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 1033–1036.
1662:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 135.
1400:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 1033–1036.
673:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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2217:"The Bactrian Background of the Barmakids"
2067:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
2018:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1716:. Cambridge University Press. p. 80.
1689:. Cambridge University Press. p. 80.
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1392:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
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1972:The Persian Presence in the Islamic World
693:Learn how and when to remove this message
530:Learn how and when to remove this message
2223:; Burnett, C.; Yoeli-Tlalim, R. (eds.).
2006:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 8
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124:, where they were originally hereditary
2380:Abu al-Husn and His Slave-Girl Tawaddud
2184:Sajjadi, Sadeq; Gholami, Rahim (2013).
1948:
1492:Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era
1480:
1443:
424:The Book of One Thousand and One Nights
80:Declined during Harun al-Rashid's reign
3118:One Thousand and One Nights characters
2990:The Last Voyage of Somebody the Sailor
2011:
605:The Governor of Khurasan at the time,
386:(d. 806) was the vizier of the caliph
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2415:The Sisters Envious of Their Cadette
2360:Le livre des mille nuits et une nuit
1765:Journal of Central Asia, Volumes 3-4
1486:
1484:
671:adding citations to reliable sources
468:adding citations to reliable sources
382:considerable influence, and his son
195:Arab invasion of the Sasanian Empire
2936:Recollections of the Arabian Nights
1952:
1827:. Springer Publishing. p. 96.
106:
95:
2227:. London: Ashgate. pp. 43–88.
1951:, pp. 40 n. 92, 102 n. 315;
362:Influence under the early Abbasids
330:(d. 806), at one time Governor of
14:
2263:
2242:; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John;
2153:"The ʿAbbāsid Caliphate in Iran"
2115:(n.d.). Ukashah, Tharwat (ed.).
2094:A History of Palestine, 634–1099
1737:transl. by Martin Hinds (2010).
1498:, 1955, pp. clxx, 612, 614, 616.
643:
444:
31:
3108:Converts to Islam from Buddhism
2625:The Adventures of Prince Achmed
455:needs additional citations for
405:Many Barmakids were among many
2390:Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves
2250:(3rd ed.). Brill Online.
1975:. Cambridge University Press.
1496:Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum
629:The Mourner for the Barmecides
394:(ruled 786–809). Yahya's sons
1:
2786:Scooby-Doo! in Arabian Nights
2200:Encyclopaedia Islamica Online
2008:. New York. pp. 806–809.
560:Muhammad ibn Sulayman ibn Ali
390:(ruled 775–785) and tutor of
3016:Stories (Burton translation)
2966:The Eighth Voyage of Sindbad
1572:. NYU Press. pp. 162–.
1462:, Excerpt from: pg 6: "The '
771:Family tree of the Barmakids
720:Caliphate campaigns in India
2506:Ma'n ibn Za'ida al-Shaybani
2400:The Fisherman and the Jinni
2326:One Thousand and One Nights
1743:. SUNY Press. p. 129.
1620:Barthold & Sourdel 1960
1508:Barthold & Sourdel 1960
157:One Thousand and One Nights
3139:
2232:van Bladel, Kevin (2012).
2215:van Bladel, Kevin (2011).
2167:Cambridge University Press
334:, was entrusted by Caliph
263:
204:, poets, scholars alike.
3081:The Thief and the Cobbler
2886:Mârouf, savetier du Caire
2697:A Thousand and One Nights
2611:
1792:10.1017/S0041977X0002485X
1656:Prazniak, Roxann (2019).
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248:and was even attacked by
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233:Clifford Edmund Bosworth
24:
3123:Buddhism in Afghanistan
2982:Arabian Nights and Days
2542:Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan
2286:Encyclopædia Britannica
229:Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik
2861:Der Barbier von Bagdad
2344:Les mille et une nuits
2248:Encyclopaedia of Islam
433:
116:, were an influential
1898:Nosotro, Rit (2003),
1710:Cyril Elgood (2010).
1683:Cyril Elgood (2010).
728:Mansura (Brahmanabad)
631:, published in 1826.
607:Ali ibn Isa ibn Mahan
2713:The Thief of Baghdad
2681:The Thief of Baghdad
2592:Zubaidah bint Ja'far
667:improve this section
584:al-Fadl ibn al-Rabi'
554:and Barmakid prince
464:improve this article
415:Jabril ibn Bukhtishu
3021:Works influenced by
2836:Le calife de Bagdad
2665:The Thief of Bagdad
2633:The Thief of Bagdad
2617:The Thief of Bagdad
2547:Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf
2430:Ahmed and Paribanou
545:al-Sindi ibn Shahak
370:revolt against the
176:(Nawbahar) west of
2950:New Arabian Nights
2689:Baghdad Gaja Donga
2567:Ibrahim al-Mawsili
2511:Sayf ibn Dhi Yazan
2470:Old Man of the Sea
2238:. In Fleet, Kate;
2169:. pp. 57–90.
2050:Lévi-Provençal, E.
2000:Abbas, I. (1988).
1821:M. Vaziri (2012).
1375:Lévi-Provençal, E.
726:built the city of
346:al-Fadl and Ja'far
3090:
3089:
2923:
2922:
2765:
2764:
2657:La Rosa di Bagdad
2600:
2599:
2480:Sinbad the Sailor
2410:Sinbad the Sailor
2192:Madelung, Wilferd
2140:978-0-7914-0142-2
2014:cite encyclopedia
1957:Ibn Qutaybah n.d.
1884:978-0-7914-9719-7
1669:978-0-8248-7808-5
1646:, pp. 68–69.
1593:Beal, S. (1884).
1579:978-1-4798-5098-3
1556:, pp. 43–88.
1416:
1415:
1410:
1343:
1342:
724:Khalid ibn Barmak
703:
702:
695:
582:The hostility of
564:Ibrahim ibn Salih
540:
539:
532:
514:
380:Khalid bin Barmak
345:
316:Upper Mesopotamia
266:Khalid ibn Barmak
260:Khalid al-Barmaki
254:Abbasid Caliphate
84:
83:
52:Abbasid Caliphate
3130:
3113:Muslim dynasties
2825:
2802:Thief of Baghdad
2673:Baghdad Thirudan
2609:
2577:Ja'far ibn Yahya
2572:Ishaq al-Mawsili
2445:
2420:The Three Apples
2318:
2311:
2304:
2295:
2290:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2259:
2237:
2228:
2211:
2202:. Brill Online.
2189:
2180:
2157:Frye, Richard N.
2144:
2120:
2108:
2084:
2039:
2023:
2017:
2009:
1987:
1986:
1966:
1960:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1904:, archived from
1895:
1889:
1888:
1869:
1863:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1839:
1838:
1818:
1812:
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1563:
1557:
1551:
1538:
1537:
1517:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1488:
1468:
1448:
1430:municipality of
1409:
1364:
1347:
779:
778:
765:
758:
751:
742:
698:
691:
687:
684:
678:
647:
639:
535:
528:
524:
521:
515:
513:
472:
448:
440:
384:Yahya ibn Khalid
328:Yahya ibn Khalid
322:Yahya ibn Khalid
128:leaders (in the
112:), also spelled
108:
97:
61:Vizier, Governor
35:
19:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3086:
3025:
3004:
2958:Slaves of Sleep
2919:
2892:
2816:
2761:
2735:
2649:Baghdad Ka Chor
2596:
2562:Harun al-Rashid
2525:
2516:Shaddad ibn 'Ad
2484:
2434:
2405:Hassan of Basra
2395:The Ebony Horse
2366:
2329:
2322:
2279:, ed. (1911). "
2275:
2264:
2262:
2244:Rowson, Everett
2231:
2214:
2196:Daftary, Farhad
2183:
2177:
2149:Mottahedeh, Roy
2147:
2141:
2123:
2111:
2105:
2087:
2026:
2010:
1999:
1996:
1991:
1990:
1983:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1955:, p. 284;
1947:
1943:
1934:
1932:
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1923:
1919:
1911:
1909:
1901:Harun al'Rashid
1897:
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1709:
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1682:
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1677:
1670:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1644:van Bladel 2011
1642:
1638:
1632:van Bladel 2012
1630:
1626:
1618:
1607:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1580:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1554:van Bladel 2011
1552:
1541:
1534:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1510:, p. 1033.
1506:
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1482:
1477:
1472:
1471:
1449:
1445:
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1421:
1351:
1344:
1326:Ahmad ("Jahza")
772:
769:
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569:
556:Jafar bin Yahya
536:
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473:
471:
461:
449:
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392:Harun al-Rashid
364:
348:
324:
305:diwan al-Kharaj
283:diwan al-Kharaj
268:
262:
166:
149:Harun al-Rashid
26:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2806:
2798:
2794:Arabian Nights
2790:
2782:
2773:
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2762:
2760:
2759:
2754:
2749:
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2729:Arabian Nights
2725:
2717:
2709:
2705:Arabian Nights
2701:
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2641:Arabian Nights
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2291:
2277:Chisholm, Hugh
2260:
2240:Krämer, Gudrun
2229:
2212:
2181:
2175:
2145:
2139:
2127:, ed. (1990).
2121:
2109:
2103:
2085:
2046:Kramers, J. H.
2042:Gibb, H. A. R.
2024:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1981:
1961:
1959:, p. 380.
1941:
1917:
1890:
1883:
1864:
1855:
1840:
1833:
1813:
1786:(2): 268–282.
1770:
1756:
1749:
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1695:
1675:
1668:
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1539:
1532:
1526:. I.B.Tauris.
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1371:Kramers, J. H.
1367:Gibb, H. A. R.
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625:Felicia Hemans
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363:
360:
354:(766–808) and
347:
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326:Khalid's son,
323:
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274:(722–754) and
264:Main article:
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258:
165:
162:
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81:
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74:
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41:
40:Current region
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6:
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3:
2:
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2908:Op. 35 (1888)
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2037:"al-Barāmika"
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1982:9780521591850
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1362:"al-Barāmika"
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652:This section
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619:al-Mutawakkil
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481: –
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475:Find sources:
469:
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453:This article
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3079:
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3052:Magic carpet
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2911:
2905:Scheherazade
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2496:Hatim al-Tai
2475:Scheherazade
2358:
2350:
2342:
2335:Translations
2324:
2284:
2247:
2224:
2199:
2161:
2129:
2116:
2093:
2072:
2065:
2028:Barthold, W.
2005:
1971:
1964:
1949:Kennedy 1990
1944:
1933:. Retrieved
1929:
1920:
1910:, retrieved
1906:the original
1900:
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1397:
1390:
1353:Barthold, W.
1348:
716:ahl al-qalam
715:
704:
689:
680:
665:Please help
653:
628:
623:
612:
596:high treason
568:
549:
541:
526:
517:
507:
500:
493:
486:
474:
462:Please help
457:verification
454:
430:
422:
404:
378:. This gave
365:
349:
325:
309:
304:
298:
292:
286:
282:
280:
269:
242:Ibn al-Faqih
224:
217:Abd al-Malik
206:
199:
167:
155:
153:
139:of Baghdad.
120:family from
113:
110:al-Barāmikah
109:
98:
87:
85:
72:(originally)
3075:(franchise)
3057:Open sesame
2974:Dunyazadiad
2916:(1918–1919)
2854:(Cherubini)
2810:1001 Nights
2805:(2000–2001)
2781:(1993–1997)
2425:Abou Hassan
2363:(1926–1932)
2355:(1885–1888)
2347:(1704–1717)
2235:"Barmakids"
2187:"Barmakids"
2062:Pellat, Ch.
2054:Schacht, J.
2032:Sourdel, D.
2002:"Barmakids"
1387:Pellat, Ch.
1379:Schacht, J.
1357:Sourdel, D.
738:Family tree
712:calligraphy
602:intentions.
479:"Barmakids"
291:in Arabic,
246:Tukharistan
238:Ibn 'Asakir
191:fire temple
182:Zoroastrian
174:Nava Vihāra
77:Dissolution
3097:Categories
3062:Roc (rukh)
2928:Literature
2844:Abu Hassan
2778:Alif Laila
2770:Television
2582:Khosrow II
2530:Historical
2440:Characters
2281:Barmecides
2221:Akasoy, A.
2117:Al-Ma'arif
2089:Gil, Moshe
1935:2024-05-20
1912:2009-12-27
1494:vol. 4 of
1475:References
683:April 2012
490:newspapers
419:paper mill
312:Tabaristan
225:shakirriya
114:Barmecides
99:Barmakiyân
66:Traditions
3103:Barmakids
2869:La statue
2740:Templates
2552:Al-Ma'mun
2537:Abu Nuwas
2489:Legendary
2448:Fictional
2256:1873-9830
2208:1875-9831
2091:(1997) .
2081:495469456
2071:Volume I:
2058:Lewis, B.
1930:kn-ow.com
1808:162613546
1406:495469456
1396:Volume I:
1383:Lewis, B.
654:does not
520:June 2018
376:As-Saffah
340:al-Rashid
276:al-Mansur
272:al-Saffah
213:al-Masudi
88:Barmakids
22:Barmakids
3067:Shahrokh
2945:" (1845)
2938:" (1830)
2879:(Lecocq)
2877:Ali-Baba
2852:Ali Baba
2757:Ali Baba
2460:Ali Baba
2246:(eds.).
2198:(eds.).
2151:(1975).
2064:(eds.).
2034:(1960).
1953:Gil 1997
1432:Damascus
1424:Baramkeh
1389:(eds.).
1359:(1960).
1230:al-Abbas
1129:Muhammad
1010:Muhammad
927:al-Hasan
922:Sulayman
615:Persians
388:al-Mahdi
372:Umayyads
336:al-Mahdi
332:Arminiya
209:Avicenna
187:Xuanzang
170:Buddhist
130:Nawbahar
126:Buddhist
107:البرامكة
70:Buddhism
48:Khorasan
3073:Aladdin
3030:Related
2913:Aladdin
2747:Aladdin
2557:Baibars
2521:Solomon
2455:Aladdin
2385:Aladdin
2372:Stories
2274::
2159:(ed.).
1994:Sources
1464:Abbasid
1428:Qanawat
1349:Source:
1122:al-Fadl
732:Baghdad
708:Ramadan
675:removed
660:sources
577:Baghdad
552:ʿAbbāsa
504:scholar
407:patrons
396:al-Fadl
374:and of
368:Abbasid
352:al-Fadl
294:dabiran
250:Tarkhan
221:Maslama
219:'s son
164:Origins
137:caliphs
134:Abbasid
118:Iranian
96:برمکیان
92:Persian
25:برمکیان
3001:(2015)
2993:(1991)
2985:(1979)
2977:(1972)
2969:(1964)
2961:(1939)
2953:(1882)
2889:(1914)
2881:(1887)
2872:(1861)
2864:(1858)
2856:(1833)
2847:(1811)
2839:(1800)
2828:Operas
2813:(2011)
2797:(2000)
2789:(1994)
2752:Sinbad
2732:(2015)
2724:(1991)
2721:Ajooba
2716:(1978)
2708:(1974)
2700:(1969)
2692:(1968)
2684:(1961)
2676:(1960)
2668:(1952)
2660:(1949)
2652:(1946)
2644:(1942)
2636:(1940)
2628:(1926)
2620:(1924)
2587:Shirin
2268:
2254:
2206:
2173:
2137:
2101:
2079:
2060:&
2030:&
1979:
1881:
1831:
1806:
1800:620573
1798:
1747:
1720:
1693:
1666:
1576:
1530:
1458:
1419:Trivia
1404:
1385:&
1355:&
1235:Ja'far
1113:Ja'far
916:Khalid
800:Barmak
635:Legacy
591:Daylam
506:
499:
492:
485:
477:
400:Ja'far
356:Ja'far
300:kharaj
288:kuttab
145:vizier
141:Khalid
103:Arabic
58:Titles
3042:Ifrit
3037:Ghoul
3009:Lists
2897:Other
2821:Music
2605:Films
2501:Khidr
2219:. In
2190:. In
2155:. In
2040:. In
1804:S2CID
1796:JSTOR
1438:Notes
1365:. In
1241:Imran
1003:Yahya
511:JSTOR
497:books
411:Gebir
202:Ulema
178:Balkh
122:Balkh
44:Balkh
3047:Jinn
2252:ISSN
2204:ISSN
2171:ISBN
2135:ISBN
2099:ISBN
2077:OCLC
2020:link
1977:ISBN
1879:ISBN
1829:ISBN
1745:ISBN
1718:ISBN
1691:ISBN
1664:ISBN
1574:ISBN
1528:ISBN
1456:ISBN
1402:OCLC
1136:Musa
658:any
656:cite
483:news
413:and
398:and
86:The
2283:".
2073:A–B
1788:doi
1398:A–B
669:by
466:by
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2194:;
2069:.
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