424:"A REGISTERED HOSPITAL (outside the National Health Service) for the CARE and TREATMENT of LADIES and GENTLEMEN suffering from NERVOUS and MENTAL DISORDERS. Within two miles of the Western and London Midland Regional Railway Stations at Gloucester, the Hospital is easily accessible by rail from London and all parts of the United Kingdom. It is beautifully situated at the foot of the Cotswold Hills, and stands in its own grounds of over 300 acres . Voluntary Patients of both sexes are also received for treatment. Special accommodation is also provided at three villa residences, all of which stand in their own grounds and are entirely separate from the main Hospital. All the most modern methods of treatment including electric shock and prefrontal leucotomy are used."
214:. It was founded by the Gloucester Asylum Trust in 1860 as Barnwood House Institution and later became known as Barnwood House Hospital. The hospital catered for well-to-do patients, with reduced terms for those in financial difficulties. It was popular with the military and clergy, and once counted an archbishop amongst its patients. During the late nineteenth century Barnwood House flourished under superintendent Frederick Needham, making a healthy profit and receiving praise from the Commissioners in Lunacy. Even the sewerage system was held up as a model of good asylum practice. After the
261:"FIRST – Patients in more or less affluent circumstances, who shall contribute, according to the accommodation required, such sums as may be agreed upon. SECOND – Patients in limited circumstances, but in a position in life to render them unsuitable for admission into County Asylums, who shall be received at such reduced rates of payment as the Committee, upon consideration of the circumstances of each case, may determine; and some even gratuitously, - preference being given to recent and curable cases, to which the gratuitous Patients are to be wholly confined."
381:"We selected five psychotics for treatment at Barnwood House. Altogether 75 shocks have been administered, as a result of which there have been 50 major convulsions and 25 minor attacks. There have been no unpleasant sequelae, and none of the patients has refused further treatments. This small preliminary series was not intended to provide data on the therapeutic value of the treatment – in only one of the patients could a remission be hoped for with any confidence – but was designed to throw light on the relative advantages and dangers of the method."
282:"A model lunatic hospital: The Commissioners in Lunacy report that, on each recurring visit they find improvements completed or in progress, and an evident desire on the part of the committee, as of the superintendent, to render the hospital as perfect an institution for the care and treatment of the insane as it is possible to arrive at…. The rates of board charges are most moderate, the dietary is generous, the salaries of the officers are liberal, and the entertainments are sumptuous, and yet a profit of upwards of £4,000 a year is realized."
47:
397:, again as a result of a collaboration between Barnwood and the Burden Neurological Institute. The operations were performed in April 1941 by surgeon Francis Wilfred Willway with a paperknife. None of the first four Barnwood House patients left hospital after the operation, but were described as more manageable and well behaved. Barnwood House then employed the services of neurosurgeon Wylie McKissock to continue the leucotomy programme.
31:
1886:
442:. In 1983 the owners no longer took in boarders and it continued as a private residence until it was bought by a property developer. It was demolished in 2000 and a number of new houses built in its place. The remainder of its grounds are now Barnwood Arboretum, cared and conserved for by Gloucester City Council in conjunction with the Friends of Barnwood Arboretum.
54:
1898:
290:"The same thoughtfulness and judicious provision which have brought the general management of Barnwood House Asylum to such a high pitch of excellence have evidently been brought to bear on its sanitary arrangements….The water-closets are all self-acting by means of rods, not wires, and have Tyler's enamelled iron S-trapped pans and 6 inch soil pipes"
251:
asylum was opened in 1823 and the union lasted until 1856, when the County bought out the subscribers and the asylum became a county asylum for paupers. The subscribers began the search for new accommodation for their wealthy and charity patients. In 1858 they purchased and adapted
Barnwood House in
437:
The hospital closed in 1968 and not finding a buyer to take it on, the two wings of the main building were demolished and the housing of
Grovelands and Cherston court built there. All that was left was the central block which became a residential house. From 1978 it was owned by the Forrest family
366:
The Burden
Neurological Institute opened in Stoke Gifford, near Bristol, Gloucestershire, in 1939 and formed links with Barnwood Hospital. The first published report on the use of electroconvulsive therapy on patients in England was a collaboration between Gerald Fleming, the medical superintendent
400:
William Ross Ashby, pioneer of cybernetics, was director of research at
Barnwood House from 1947 to 1959, before becoming director of research at BNI and then professor of Biophysics and Electrical Engineering at the University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA. Whilst at Barnwood House he wrote
428:
But the "most modern methods of treatment" were losing their allure by the 1960s and, in spite of a new advertisement appearing in 1963 with no mention of ladies and gentleman, or leucotomy and electric shock, and the railway stations replaced by the A417, Barnwood House experienced financial
225:
During the 1960s
Barnwood House experienced financial problems and closed in 1968. The grounds are now an arboretum run by Gloucester City Council. Barnwood House Trust continues to exist as a charity that supports research and awards grants to people with physical or mental disabilities in
389:"For the operator, only a small amount of training and experience is necessary, and a knowledge of physics, though desirable on general grounds, is not essential….the apparatus is comparatively cheap and portable, and preparation of the patient need take no more than a minute."
238:
Barnwood House opened its doors to patients on 6 January 1860, but its origins go back to the 18th century. In 1794 the governors of
Gloucester Infirmary decided to follow the York example and raise a subscription for building an asylum. Sir
298:(The inquest revealed that Batt had complained of the reoccurrence of a complaint which resulted in a pain in his back. The autopsy found that one of his kidneys had protruded into his stomach but could find no obvious cause of death. )
294:
But a darker side to the "model lunatic hospital" was revealed by newspaper reports of inquests into suicides, including that of the unexplained death of
Barnwood's junior assistant medical officer, Richard Bush Drury Batt, in 1886.
278:, became medical superintendent of Barnwood House in 1874. Under his direction the institution expanded, housing 129 patients by 1882, compared with 60 in 1864, and was described as a "model lunatic hospital".
256:
to the east of
Gloucester (subsequent boundary changes brought the village inside the city boundary). Barnwood House Institution was intended for two classes of patients, as explained in 1882 regulations:
929:
320:
Rules for attendants at
Barnwood House, published in 1880, stress the importance of obeying the orders of superintendent and matron, confidentiality, kindness and consideration towards patients.
344:
892:
Dorothy Price, RG14/15280, 2; The
General Record Office, The England and Wales Census 1911 for Barnwood House, Hospital for The Insane, Barnwood Near Gloucester; The National Archives, Kew
865:
Rogers, Sarah (2022). 'A Maker of Matrons'? A study of Eva Lückes's influence on a generation of nurse leaders:1880–1919' (Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Huddersfield, April 2022)
377:
had witnessed ECT in Italy and demonstrated it at the Burden Neurological Institute; five patients at Barnwood House were selected as guinea pigs for the new form of convulsive therapy.
301:
Whilst at Barnwood, where he lived with his wife Charlotte (née Shooter), Needham took part in the regular entertainments and concerts, once playing the part of King Giltgingerbread in
247:, which enabled counties to set up asylums for pauper lunatics on the rates, was passed in 1808 and the subscribers formed a union with the county and the city to build a joint asylum.
243:, philanthropist and prison reformer, was asked to draft a scheme for the management of the institution. The plans were put on hold as legislation was pending in Parliament. The
1969:
922:
874:
Matron's Annual Letter to Nurses, No.12, Matron's Annual Letter to Nurses, 1894–1916; RLHLH/N/7/2, No.12, April 1905, 29; Barts Health NHS Trust Archives and Museums, London.
815:, in G. Bunn, A. D. Lovie and G. Richards, eds., Psychology in Britain: Historical Essays and Personal Reflections, (Leicester: British Psychological Society, 2001): 290-308
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Rule number 9: "The delusions of Patients are to be treated with most considerate kindness, and in no way made the subject of merriment or amusement."
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Matron's Report, 27 April 1903, House Committee Minutes, 1903–1905; RLHLH/A/5/49, 67; Barts Health NHS Trust Archives and Museums, London
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313:; and was president of the Psychological Association of Great Britain and Ireland in 1887. He left Barnwood in 1892 to become a
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Dorothy May Price, Register of Probationers; RLHLH/N/1/7, 45; Barts Health NHS Trust Archives and Museums, London
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Rules for the government of the attendants at Barnwood House, with instructions as to the management of patients
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Rule number 11: "No attendant shall indulge in or express angry or vindictive feelings towards the Patients..."
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and was used as a boarding house for girls from the nearby Selwyn Independent School for Girls in
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Four certified patients at Barnwood House were also amongst the first in England to undergo
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GWTH Fleming, FL Golla and W Grey Walter, Electric convulsion therapy of schizophrenia.
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781:, 20 March 1943, 362-363. F Wilfred Willway, The technique of prefrontal leucotomy.
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General regulations for the government of the Barnwood House Institution, Gloucester
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Rule number 12 "Nothing in the way of punishment is ever to be used to the Insane."
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from 1939 meant that Barnwood House patients were used in early experiments with
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222:, were treated with a regime of psychotherapy and recreations such as cricket.
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GWTH Fleming and W McKissock, Prefrontal leucotomy: a further contribution.
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EL Hutton, GWTH Fleming, FE Fox, Early results of prefrontal leucotomy.
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Transactions of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society
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Our Friends Electric: Mechanical Models of Mind in post-war Britain
413:, "the closest thing to a synthetic brain so far designed by man".
777:, 5 July 1941, 3-7; EL Hutton, Results of prefrontal leucotomy.
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From 1948 to 1962 Barnwood House advertised its services in the
911:
409:, and constructed a black box with magnets which he called the
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Even the sanitary arrangements were singled out for praise:
363:" machine in a laboratory at Barnwood House in the 1950s.
455:, 1903 until at least 1911. Price trained firstly at the
525:: volume 4: The City of Gloucester (1988), pp. 269-275.
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385:The advantages were immediately apparent:
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523:A History of the County of Gloucestershire
335:"All the most modern methods of treatment"
81:, Gloucestershire, England, United Kingdom
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451:Dorothy May Price (1872-1927), assistant
1872:Grade II* listed buildings in Gloucester
226:Gloucestershire. The Chief Executive is
1935:Former psychiatric hospitals in England
1421:Gloucester Quays Designer Outlet Centre
1027:Gloucester National Spiritualist Church
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1940:Buildings and structures in Gloucester
1867:Grade I listed buildings in Gloucester
305:; wrote a number of papers, including
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492:, Gloucester-born poet and composer.
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1022:Gloucester First Spiritualist Church
459:, and then as a general nurse under
367:of Barnwood House and editor of the
1490:Gloucester & Cheltenham Stadium
1201:Gloucester Eastgate railway station
548:Forgotten lunatics of the Great War
1704:Soldiers of Gloucestershire Museum
1058:Church of St Michael the Archangel
14:
1955:1968 disestablishments in England
709:Obituary: Sir Frederick Needham,
480:, murdered by her husband in 1921
429:difficulties and closed in 1968.
1965:Hospitals disestablished in 1968
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722:Barnwood House, Gloucester 1880
660:Barnwood House, Gloucester 1882
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45:
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1001:St Paul and St Stephen's Church
311:Insanity in relation to Society
35:Barnwood House Hospital in 1860
1960:1860 establishments in England
1127:Gloucestershire Royal Hospital
764:, 30 December 1939, 1352-1355.
550:, Yale University Press, p388.
355:, psychiatrist and pioneer of
1:
1950:Hospitals established in 1860
1325:University of Gloucestershire
341:Burden Neurological Institute
1945:Hospitals in Gloucestershire
1930:Defunct hospitals in England
938:Buildings and structures in
317:, and was knighted in 1915.
1699:Gloucester Waterways Museum
634:Sir George Onesiphorus Paul
457:Evelina Children's Hospital
407:Introduction to Cybernetics
274:, former superintendent of
1986:
1925:History of Gloucestershire
1643:The Tall Ship Public House
1464:South West Snooker Academy
1426:Kings Walk Shopping Centre
1248:Holmleigh Park High School
1185:Gloucester railway station
420:with the following words:
1880:
1518:Gloucester Public Library
1454:Gloucester Leisure Centre
1238:Churchdown School Academy
1048:St Mary Magdalen's chapel
851:Journal of Mental Science
839:Journal of Mental Science
802:, 20 March 1943, 361-362.
783:Journal of Mental Science
686:Medical Times and Gazette
418:Journal of Mental Science
370:Journal of Mental Science
345:electroconvulsive therapy
40:
28:
1718:Priories/friaries/abbeys
1709:The Museum of Gloucester
1638:The Sword (public house)
1416:Eastgate Shopping Centre
1279:Denmark Road High School
1180:Gloucester Transport Hub
639:15 November 2012 at the
339:An association with the
61:Shown in Gloucestershire
1603:Dick Whittington Tavern
1295:Gloucestershire College
1143:Barnwood House Hospital
1099:Gloucester City Council
986:St Mary de Crypt Church
700:, 12 June 1886 Page 12.
537:, 23 November 1955, p1.
241:George Onesiphorus Paul
196:Barnwood House Hospital
24:Barnwood House Hospital
1767:Former abbeys/friaries
1258:St Peter's High School
991:St Mary de Lode Church
824:The thinking machine,
688:, 31 March 1888, p355.
674:Medical Press Circular
586:"Barnwood House Trust"
467:between 1898 and 1900.
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315:Commissioner in Lunacy
303:The Enchanted Princess
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1846:Llanthony Road Bridge
1194:Former transportation
1104:Gloucester Shire Hall
1053:St Kyneburgh's Chapel
519:Gloucester: Hospitals
1841:HM Prison Gloucester
1628:Robert Raikes' House
1483:Former sports venues
1228:Barnwood Park School
1153:Horton Road Hospital
961:Gloucester Cathedral
713:, 20 September 1924.
564:"Barnwood Arboretum"
395:prefrontal leucotomy
188:Hospitals in England
109:51.85972°N 2.20417°W
1836:High Orchard Bridge
1585:Gloucester Old Bank
1495:Horton Road Stadium
1365:Ladybellegate House
1288:Sixth form colleges
1148:Coney Hill Hospital
1063:St Stephen's Church
996:St Nicholas' Church
966:Holy Trinity Church
841:, January 1953, iv.
478:Katherine Armstrong
465:The London Hospital
105: /
18:Hospital in England
1831:66 Westgate Street
1799:King Edward's Gate
1742:St Oswald's Priory
1732:Blackfriars Priory
1613:Lower George Hotel
1474:Wagon Works Ground
1409:Shopping complexes
1253:Severn Vale School
1243:Gloucester Academy
1233:Chosen Hill School
976:St George's Church
971:St Barnabas Church
828:, 24 January 1949.
698:Gloucester Journal
440:Matson, Gloucester
403:Design for a Brain
353:William Ross Ashby
245:County Asylums Act
114:51.85972; -2.20417
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1166:Transportation
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676:, 7 June 1882.
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632:FA Hyett 1929
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433:Recent history
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17:
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3:
2:
1982:
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1676:Theatre Royal
1673:
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1623:Old Crown Inn
1621:
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1609:
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1598:
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1553:Former hotels
1551:
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1537:
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1530:
1527:
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1462:
1460:
1457:
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1452:
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1447:
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1442:Sports venues
1440:
1437:
1435:Sports venues
1433:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1384:Former houses
1382:
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1318:
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1311:King's School
1309:
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1302:
1296:
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1234:
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1199:
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1171:
1168:
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1128:
1125:
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1111:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1072:Miscellaneous
1070:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
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964:
962:
959:
958:
956:
952:
949:
945:
941:
933:
928:
926:
921:
919:
914:
913:
910:
898:
895:
889:
886:
880:
877:
871:
868:
862:
860:
856:
852:
847:
844:
840:
837:For example,
834:
831:
827:
821:
818:
814:
808:
805:
801:
795:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
770:
767:
763:
757:
755:
751:
738:
732:
729:
725:
719:
716:
712:
706:
703:
699:
694:
691:
687:
682:
679:
675:
670:
667:
663:
657:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
635:
629:
626:
613:
607:
604:
592:on 3 May 2008
591:
587:
581:
578:
565:
559:
557:
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536:
531:
528:
524:
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496:
491:
488:
485:
482:
479:
476:
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458:
454:
450:
449:
446:Notable staff
445:
443:
441:
432:
430:
425:
421:
419:
414:
412:
408:
404:
398:
396:
390:
386:
382:
378:
376:
372:
371:
364:
362:
359:, built his "
358:
354:
350:
349:psychosurgery
346:
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321:
318:
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147:
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138:
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128:
123:
118:
90:
88:
84:
80:
77:
73:
68:
48:
39:
32:
27:
22:
16:
1902:
1889:
1580:Former banks
1544:Fleece Hotel
1396:Tanners Hall
1320:Universities
1142:
1015:Spiritualist
897:
888:
879:
870:
850:
846:
838:
833:
825:
820:
812:
807:
799:
794:
786:
782:
778:
774:
769:
761:
743:22 September
741:. Retrieved
731:
723:
718:
710:
705:
697:
693:
685:
681:
673:
669:
661:
656:
648:
644:
628:
616:. Retrieved
612:"Sally Byng"
606:
596:22 September
594:. Retrieved
590:the original
580:
570:22 September
568:. Retrieved
547:
542:
534:
530:
522:
436:
427:
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415:
406:
402:
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388:
384:
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310:
306:
302:
300:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
269:
260:
237:
224:
195:
194:
125:Organisation
15:
1779:Whitefriars
1618:The New Inn
1539:The New Inn
1500:Meadow Park
1375:Hyatt House
1304:Independent
490:Ivor Gurney
357:cybernetics
276:York Asylum
220:Ivor Gurney
148:Psychiatric
131:Care system
112: /
87:Coordinates
1919:Categories
1792:Gatehouses
1758:Greyfriars
1469:Spa Ground
940:Gloucester
800:The Lancet
779:The Lancet
775:The Lancet
762:The Lancet
711:The Lancet
651:, 143-168.
618:29 October
497:References
486:, musician
461:Eva Luckes
228:Sally Byng
208:Gloucester
97:51°51′35″N
1851:The Forum
1664:Guildhall
1513:Libraries
1221:Secondary
1214:Education
1120:Hospitals
1113:Hospitals
954:Christian
947:Religious
737:"History"
411:Homeostat
361:Homeostat
100:2°12′15″W
70:Geography
1891:Category
1659:Theatres
637:Archived
254:Barnwood
204:Barnwood
153:Services
79:Barnwood
75:Location
1903:Commons
1687:Museums
1267:Grammar
234:Origins
212:England
158:History
135:Public
1751:Friary
1725:Priory
1532:Hotels
1525:Hotels
1343:Houses
1336:Houses
787:vol 89
453:matron
249:Wotton
171:Closed
163:Opened
1860:Lists
1824:Other
1573:Banks
1092:Civic
535:Times
184:Lists
179:Links
1596:Pubs
826:Time
745:2018
620:2019
598:2018
572:2018
405:and
347:and
309:and
270:Dr.
174:1968
166:1860
144:Type
463:at
202:in
137:NHS
1921::
858:^
785:,
753:^
649:51
647:,
643:,
555:^
521:,
505:^
351:.
230:.
210:,
206:,
931:e
924:t
917:v
747:.
726:.
664:.
622:.
600:.
574:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
