101:
798:: "Wegener ran to a cabin on the upper deck – I later found out it was Manning's bathroom. The marines broke down the door with the butts of their rifles, but Wegener squeezed through a scuttle and dropped into the sea. He still had his life-jacket on and put up his arms in surrender. Corporal Collins, however, took aim and shot him through the head." Corporal Collins later recalled that, after Wegener's death, Herbert threw a revolver in the dead German captain's face and screamed, "What about the
86:
684:
814:
In
Herbert's report to the Admiralty, he stated he feared the survivors from the U-boat's crew would board the freighter and scuttle it, so he ordered the Royal Marines on his ship to shoot the survivors. If they had scuttled the freighter, it could have been considered as negligence on the part of
771:
and attempted to join the six-man boarding party by climbing up its hanging lifeboat falls and pilot ladder. Despite his recent orders to take no prisoners from U-boats, Herbert claimed in his report to the
Admiralty to have been worried that the German survivors might try to scuttle the steamer as
837:
The German government delivered a memorandum on the incident via the
American ambassador in Berlin, who received it on 6 December 1915. In it, they cited six US citizens as witnesses, stating they had made sworn depositions regarding the incident before
528:
s crew were arrested after destroying a local pub. Herbert paid their bail, then left port with the bailed crewmen aboard. Beginning in April 1915, Herbert ordered his subordinates to cease calling him "Sir", and to address him only by the
745:. For them this was no time to cease firing, even as the survivors of the crew appeared on the outer casing, struggling out of their clothes to swim away from her. There was a mighty hiss of compressed air from her tanks and the
908:
on 15 January 1916, where the incident was described as a "cowardly murder" and Grey's note as being "full of insolence and arrogance". It was announced that reprisals had been decided, but not what they would be.
516:
Interviews with his subordinate officers have established
Herbert's undisciplined manner of commanding his ship. Herbert allowed his men to engage in drunken binges during shore leave. During one such incident, at
931:, whose name was known only as "Captain William McBride", to the Prussian Ministry of War's "Black List of Englishmen who are Guilty of Violations of the Laws of War vis-à-vis Members of the German Armed Forces".
218:
822:
The
Admiralty, upon receiving Herbert's report, immediately ordered its suppression, but the strict censorship imposed on the event failed when Americans who had witnessed the incident from
749:
vanished from sight in a vortex of giant rumbling bubbles, leaving a pall of smoke over the spot where she had been. It had taken only a few minutes to fire the thirty-four shells into her.
853:, while the rest were shot and killed on Herbert's orders while clinging to the merchant vessel's lifeboat falls. It was further stated that when Herbert ordered his Marines to board
1113:
The event was also commemorated by a propaganda medal designed by the German engraver Karl Goetz. This was one of many medals that were popular in
Germany from about 1910 to 1940.
772:
an explanation for why he ordered his men to open fire with small arms, killing all in the water. Wegener is described by some accounts as being shot while trying to swim to the
610:
1755:
1046:
opened fire with starboard and rear guns, marines aiding with rifle fire. The conning tower was struck killing the captain and six crew, and other shots struck the hull.
211:
794:. As they departed, Herbert ordered Collins, "Take no prisoners." The Germans were discovered in the engine room and shot on sight. According to Sub-Lieutenant
1021:
1017:
502:
204:
1745:
883:
625:
in France. The
Germans allowed the freighter's crew and passengers to board lifeboats, and prepared to sink the freighter with the U-boat's deck gun.
273:
247:
37:
819:
began its attack, the submarine was firing on the freighter. It is not known if the escaping sailors actually intended to scuttle the freighter.
767:
Twelve men survived the sinking of the submarine: the crews of her two deck guns and those who had been on the conning tower. They swam to
563:
with the loss of 44 lives – this included three
Americans and resulted in a diplomatic incident between Germany and the United States. HMS
242:
1081:
Unlike the neutral
Americans in the first incident, the only witnesses to the second attack were the German and British sailors present.
1735:
1641:
1622:
882:
be tried for the murder of unarmed German sailors, threatening to "take the serious decision of retribution for an unpunished crime".
1497:
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1730:
1660:
1601:
1582:
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1516:
761:
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326:
806:
were killed by the freighter's engine room staff; this report apparently came from the officer commanding the muleteers.
479:
294:
1013:
1671:
1042:
followed U-41's instructions while at the same time manoevring to 700 yards and an angle where her guns could fire.
886:
replied through the
American ambassador that the incident could be grouped together with the Germans' sinking of SS
1760:
1740:
346:
356:
341:
890:, their attack on a stranded British submarine on the neutral Danish coast, and their attack on the steamship
1634:
Medicine and Duty: The World War I Memoir of Captain Harold W. McGill, Medical Officer, 31st Battalion, C.E.F
1024:. A bounty of £1,000 was also awarded. Wilmot-Smith, was later awarded £170 prize bounty by the Prize Court.
336:
252:
1012:, for which its commanding officer at the time, Lieutenant-Commander Andrew Wilmot-Smith was awarded the
1308:
795:
567:
had been about 20 mi (32 km) from the scene, and had received a distress call from the ship.
1095:. The British crew denied that they had run down the lifeboat. Crompton later published an account of
1083:
760:
s crew were cheering from the lifeboats. Captain Manning was heard to yell, "If any of those bastard
726:
at a range of 600 yd (550 m), firing 34 rounds for only a single shot from the submarine.
1073:, the latter allegedly opened fire while continuing to fly the American flag, and sank the U-boat.
953:
1612:
1038:, which had set out from Falmouth the day before, arrived on the scene, flying an American flag.
928:
903:
462:
864:
s engine room and propeller shaft tunnel, and were killed. According to the witness statements,
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331:
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1381:
1007:
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456:
409:
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280:
16:
Naval engagements of WWI, involving the Royal Navy Q-ship HMS Baralong and two German U-boats
1132:
1127:
557:
518:
147:
137:
802:, you bastard!" An alternative allegation by the Admiralty is that the Germans who boarded
513:
business is shocking. Unofficially, we are telling you... take no prisoners from U-boats."
418:. About a dozen of the crewmen managed to escape from the sinking submarine and Lieutenant
196:
913:
554:
490:
419:
384:
257:
122:
1091:
had run down the lifeboat he was in; he leapt clear and was soon afterward taken aboard
683:
657:
s crew. Wegener acknowledged the signal, then ordered his men to cease firing, and took
982:
912:
Meanwhile, the Military Bureau for the Investigation of Violations of the Laws of War (
91:
65:
1309:"Memorandum of the German Government... and reply of His Majesty's Government thereto"
1054:
and the helmsman) from a hatch before it sank again. The two crew and the crew of the
1050:
began to list then dived. It abruptly resurfaced and only two crew escaped (a wounded
1724:
1087:
Iwan Crompton, after returning to Germany from a prisoner-of-war camp, reported that
839:
787:
606:
578:
483:
106:
937:
As a precaution to protect the ships against any reprisals against their crews, HMS
894:, and suggested that they be placed before a tribunal composed of US Navy officers.
737:
Herbert screamed, "Cease fire!" But his men's blood was up. They were avenging the
707:
622:
394:
287:
829:
s lifeboats spoke to newspaper reporters after their return to the United States.
1614:
The Annual Register Review of Public Events at Home and Abroad for the Year 1916
1137:
574:
s crew was infuriated by the attack and by their inability to locate survivors.
308:
790:, commanded by a Corporal Collins, to find the surviving German sailors aboard
643:
388:
1686:
1330:
582:
541:
530:
61:
1714:
Castles of Steel: Britain, Germany, and the Winning of the Great War at Sea
857:, he gave the order "take no prisoners". Four German sailors were found in
972:, and the crew was issued new Discharge Books, with the voyage omitted.
1142:
548:
1382:"Medal commemorating the sinking of 'U.27' by Q-ship 'Baralong', 1915"
1122:
669:. As the submarine disappeared behind the steamship, Herbert steered
401:
391:
642:
appeared on the scene, flying the ensign of the United States as a
682:
1556:
U-boats Destroyed: The Effect of Anti-submarine Warfare 1914–1918
414:, which had been preparing to attack a nearby merchant ship, the
1672:"Scandal of The Baralong Incident Was Hidden in Veil of Secrecy"
621:
was carrying munitions and 250 American mules earmarked for the
586:
506:
200:
426:, ordered the survivors to be executed after they boarded the
1575:
Count Not the Dead: The Popular Image of the German Submarine
650:
ran up a signal flag indicating that she was going to rescue
1685:(4). The Maritime Institute of Ireland: 8–10. Archived from
960:
returned to the Ellerman & Bucknall Line under the name
918:
Militäruntersuchungstelle für Verletzungen des Kriegsrechts
706:
hauled down the American flag, hoisted the Royal Navy's
489:
by a German submarine in May 1915, Lieutenant-Commander
1062:
before it returned to Falmouth the following morning.
878:
The memorandum demanded that the captain and crew of
1528:
Slaughter at Sea: The Truth Behind a Naval War Crime
934:A German medal was issued commemorating the event.
1632:McGill, Harold W.; Norris, Majorie Barron (2007).
1490:Sea Killers in Disguise: Q Ships and Decoy Raiders
1456:"The sinking of 'U.41' by Q-ship 'Baralong', 1915"
461:in an incident which has also been described as a
437:s sinking, including several who had reached the
25:
1285:
1283:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1414:
1412:
845:The statements said that five survivors from
212:
8:
871:s commander was shot while swimming towards
387:in August and September 1915, involving the
1535:Gibson, R.H.; Prendergast, Maurice (2002).
601:Bernd Wegener, stopped the British steamer
1264:
1262:
455:under command of Andrew Wilmot-Smith sank
236:
219:
205:
197:
22:
1756:Deaths by firearm in international waters
1369:The Wehrmacht War Crimes Bureau 1939–1945
1199:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1636:. Calgary: University of Calgary Press.
1252:
1250:
228:Atlantic naval operations of World War I
1153:
638:s port quarter and firing into it when
540:continued routine patrol duties in the
318:
265:
38:Atlantic U-boat campaign of World War I
1653:Verschollen: World War I U-boat Losses
1354:
1352:
1298:McGill & Norris 2007, pp. 320–321.
945:and transferred to the Mediterranean.
764:come up, lads, hit 'em with an oar!"
497:, was visited by two officers of the
7:
613:. A boarding party of six men from
1746:Atlantic operations of World War I
1537:The German Submarine War 1914–1918
14:
1030:was in the process of sinking SS
1020:, and two of the crew received a
646:. When she was half a mile away,
1244:Gibson & Prendergast, p. 53.
1077:Aftermath of the second incident
544:without encountering the enemy.
99:
84:
1577:. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP.
1016:, the engineer J. M. Dowie the
730:rolled over and began to sink.
536:Throughout the summer of 1915,
52:19 August and 24 September 1915
1670:O'Neill, Gerry (Spring 2006).
1594:A Naval History of World War I
1507:Chatterton, E. Keble (1980) .
1106:, which termed the sinking of
1104:U-41: der zweite Baralong-Fall
722:began shooting with its three
383:were two incidents during the
1:
1484:Bridgland, Tony (1999). "The
985:185 prize bounty for sinking
733:According to Tony Bridgland;
687:The action of 19 August 1915.
1651:Messimer, Dwight R. (2002).
1558:. Periscope Publishing Ltd.
1539:. Periscope Publishing Ltd.
710:, and unmasked her guns. As
1573:Hadley, Michael L. (1995).
1358:Hesperides 2007, pp. 58–59.
1337:. 6 January 1916. p. 7
998:Action of 24 September 1915
902:A debate took place in the
714:came into view from behind
673:on a parallel course along
533:"Captain William McBride".
1777:
1712:Massie, Robert K. (2003).
1462:. National Maritime Museum
1388:. National Maritime Museum
1169:Bridgland 1999, pp. 20–55.
1110:a "second Baralong case".
981:s crew were later awarded
1736:British military scandals
1716:. New York: Random House.
1655:. Naval Institute Press.
1592:Halpern, Paul G. (1994).
1554:Grant, Robert M. (2002).
1436:Messimer 2002, pp. 61–62.
1335:The Sydney Morning Herald
1226:Messimer 2002, pp. 29–30.
1217:Messimer 2002, pp. 46–47.
275:Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse
234:
182:
160:
113:
76:
44:
33:
1488:: Germany is Outraged".
1460:Royal Museums, Greenwich
952:s name was deleted from
815:Herbert. Moments before
493:, commanding officer of
474:Action of 19 August 1915
422:, commanding officer of
1509:Q-Ships and Their Story
1418:Chatterton 1980, p. 26.
661:along the port side of
605:in accordance with the
589:) south of Queenstown,
430:. All the survivors of
1751:Extrajudicial killings
1427:Chatterton, 1980, p 30
1289:Bridgland 1999, p. 43.
1178:Bridgland 1999, p. 21.
1002:On 24 September 1915,
917:
751:
688:
114:Commanders and leaders
1731:World War I massacres
1311:. WWW Virtual Library
1277:Messimer 2002, p. 42.
1268:Halpern 1994, p. 301.
1235:Messimer 2002, p. 30.
1187:Messimer 2002, p. 23.
796:Gordon Charles Steele
735:
686:
521:, several members of
509:. He was told, "This
505:at the naval base at
503:Secret Service branch
183:Casualties and losses
1526:Coles, Alan (1986).
1406:O'Neill 2006, p. 10.
1367:Alfred M. de Zayas,
1102:s exploits in 1917,
1084:Oberleutnant zur See
577:Meanwhile, about 70
1692:on 19 November 2007
1611:Hesperides (2007).
1511:. Ayer Publishing.
1445:Hadley 1995, p. 36.
1203:O'Neill 2006, p. 9.
547:On 19 August 1915,
507:Queenstown, Ireland
136:Bernd Wegener
1706:General references
1679:Journal of the Sea
1530:. London: R. Hale.
1256:Grant 2002, p. 27.
1058:were picked up by
1034:with gunfire when
929:commanding officer
779:Herbert then sent
689:
680:s starboard side.
611:London Declaration
188:2 steamers damaged
146:Klaus Hansen
1761:Massacres in 1915
1741:Conflicts in 1915
849:managed to board
833:German memorandum
609:specified by the
463:British war crime
369:
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248:U-boat operations
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191:2 submarines sunk
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1133:Commerce raiding
1128:Merchant raiders
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1006:sank the U-boat
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954:Lloyd's Register
951:
941:was renamed HMS
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617:discovered that
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555:White Star Liner
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347:17 November 1917
327:Falkland Islands
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1331:"Baralong Case"
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993:Second incident
978:
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898:German reaction
884:Sir Edward Grey
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840:notaries public
835:
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724:12-pounder guns
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677:
654:
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598:Kapitänleutnant
595:, commanded by
571:
525:
491:Godfrey Herbert
476:
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445:
441:, were shot by
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420:Godfrey Herbert
400:and two German
385:First World War
372:
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357:14 October 1918
342:15 October 1917
332:16 January 1916
258:Northern Patrol
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127:A. Wilmot-Smith
123:Godfrey Herbert
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1643:978-1552381939
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1624:978-1406751987
1623:
1617:. Read Books.
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1492:. Leo Cooper.
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1386:The Collection
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631:was lying off
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1596:. Routledge.
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788:Royal Marines
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729:
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337:10 March 1917
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1713:
1694:. Retrieved
1687:the original
1682:
1678:
1652:
1633:
1613:
1593:
1574:
1555:
1536:
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1489:
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1464:. Retrieved
1459:
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1402:
1390:. Retrieved
1385:
1376:
1368:
1363:
1339:. Retrieved
1334:
1325:
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1303:
1294:
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968:was renamed
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842:in the USA.
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768:
766:
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719:
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708:White Ensign
703:
696:
692:
690:
674:
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666:
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651:
647:
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632:
628:
627:
623:British Army
618:
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537:
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522:
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352:21 July 1918
309:
302:
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295:
288:
281:
274:
178:2 submarines
149:
139:
77:Belligerents
26:
18:
1696:10 December
1478:Works cited
1392:10 December
1160:Coles 1986
1138:Tonnage war
753:Meanwhile,
695:came round
1725:Categories
1662:155750475X
1603:1857284984
1584:0773512829
1565:1904381006
1546:1904381081
1518:0405130341
1315:8 December
1149:References
956:. In 1916
644:false flag
585:; 81
581:(130
478:After the
389:Royal Navy
172:2 steamers
905:Reichstag
810:Aftermath
800:Lusitania
743:Lusitania
553:sank the
542:Irish Sea
531:pseudonym
519:Dartmouth
511:Lusitania
499:Admiralty
486:Lusitania
484:RMS
448:s crew.
395:HMS
381:incidents
296:Lusitania
289:Gulflight
62:Irish Sea
29:incidents
1486:Baralong
1117:See also
1093:Baralong
1089:Baralong
1071:Baralong
1060:Baralong
1052:Leutnant
1044:Baralong
1040:Baralong
1036:Baralong
1004:Baralong
976:Baralong
970:Nevisian
966:Nicosian
947:Baralong
939:Baralong
922:Baralong
920:) added
880:Baralong
873:Baralong
859:Nicosian
855:Nicosian
851:Nicosian
824:Nicosian
817:Baralong
804:Nicosian
792:Nicosian
781:Baralong
774:Baralong
769:Nicosian
755:Nicosian
741:and the
720:Baralong
716:Nicosian
704:Baralong
697:Nicosian
675:Nicosian
671:Baralong
667:Baralong
663:Nicosian
652:Nicosian
648:Baralong
640:Baralong
633:Nicosian
619:Nicosian
603:Nicosian
569:Baralong
565:Baralong
558:SS
538:Baralong
523:Baralong
495:Baralong
453:Baralong
443:Baralong
439:Nicosian
428:Nicosian
424:Baralong
416:Nicosian
406:Baralong
397:Baralong
377:Baralong
310:Carolina
303:Baralong
243:Blockade
161:Strength
57:Location
34:Part of
27:Baralong
1466:20 June
1341:28 July
1143:HMS E13
958:Wyandra
943:Wyandra
702:s bow,
691:Before
480:sinking
451:Later,
402:U-boats
319:Actions
266:Attacks
253:Convoys
150:†
140:†
107:Germany
1659:
1640:
1621:
1600:
1581:
1562:
1543:
1515:
1496:
1371:, p 8.
1123:Q-ship
1056:Urbino
1032:Urbino
962:Manica
914:German
888:Arabic
739:Arabic
560:Arabic
392:Q-ship
104:
89:
1690:(PDF)
1675:(PDF)
1100:'
1065:When
979:'
950:'
925:'
869:'
862:'
827:'
786:s 12
784:'
758:'
700:'
678:'
655:'
636:'
572:'
526:'
446:'
435:'
408:sank
1698:2011
1657:ISBN
1638:ISBN
1619:ISBN
1598:ISBN
1579:ISBN
1560:ISBN
1541:ISBN
1513:ISBN
1494:ISBN
1468:2016
1394:2011
1343:2013
1317:2012
1108:U-41
1097:U-41
1067:U-41
1048:U-41
1028:U-41
1009:U-41
987:U-27
892:Ruel
866:U-27
847:U-27
762:Huns
747:U-27
728:U-27
712:U-27
693:U-27
659:U-27
629:U-27
615:U-27
592:U-27
550:U-24
458:U-41
432:U-27
411:U-27
374:The
49:Date
36:the
1022:DSM
1018:DSC
1014:DSO
964:.
501:'s
482:of
1727::
1681:.
1677:.
1458:.
1411:^
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989:.
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587:mi
583:km
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983:£
220:e
213:t
206:v
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