193:. In 1954, Ball returned to Bermuda and joined an existing medical practice, Bermuda Medical Associates (BMA). Though the third woman to train as a physician, she was the first Bermudian-born practitioner. She quickly became known for taking and providing equal care to patients without regard to their race. Her actions caused the other physicians at BMA to ask her to withdraw from the practice. She withdrew, rented a small office space on Cedar Avenue from the St. Theresa's Catholic Cathedral, and continued treating patients from all races. She simultaneously began teaching judo classes in the evenings, but after receiving warnings from the police that she could not teach black Bermudians, she formed her own judo club, which was one of the first integrated sports centres in the country.
200:, Ball publicly supported black Bermudians in their quest for equality. She was well aware of the difficulties many of her black patients had in paying for medical treatment and felt that lack of income should not impact one's health. The following year, speaking at a public meeting, she supported the abolition of the property requirement as a qualifier to being able to vote, instead expressing support for
261:, Bermuda. She was buried on St Paul's Anglican Cemetery in Paget on 19 March 2011, after her funeral service which was widely attended by noted politicians and trade unionists. While she is remembered as a pioneering doctor in Bermuda, her legacy was in her fight for the civil rights of Bermuda's black residents. The government established the Dr. Barbara Ball Public Health Scholarship in her honour.
245:. The 1968 race was the first general election in Bermuda after the passage of the universal suffrage law. She resigned as General Secretary of BIU in 1974, but continued to remain active negotiations for pay increases and benefits, like pensions and insurance as well as paid maternity and sick leave until 2005. In 2000, Ball was honoured as an officer in the
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and organist of her church, St. Michael's in Paget. The following year Ball was threatened with a prison sentence for her participation in the
Bermuda Electrical Light Company (BELCO) strike. She gained respect from the underground civil rights workers during the BELCO strike because she used her
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Under Ball's leadership, the BIU expanded its base of labourers, seeking construction workers and hotel workers as members. After her trial, union membership grew and the BIU became the largest union in the country. In 1968 and again in 1972, Ball was a successful candidate for the
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skill with judo to avoid police detention. Charged with inciting a riot, Ball and six other accused strike leaders, were tried in the
Supreme Court. Four of the accused men were found guilty of obstruction and incitement, while Ball and the other defendant were acquitted.
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for all adults upon attaining the age of 21. Her radical stance was that wealth should be equally distributed among society. Her support of blacks and workers, caused a rift with her church causing her conversion from
Anglicanism to Catholicism that same year.
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Ball's work with the union caused her to be unpopular with those whites who thought she was a "traitor to her race". In 1964, she lost admitting privileges at King Edward VII Memorial
Hospital and was dismissed as
160:
Barbara Bertha Ball was born on 13 June 1924 in
Bermuda to Jessie Alice (nÊe Clap) and Carlton Ball. Her mother was a native Bermudian and her father was an English carpenter who came to Bermuda to work at
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physician, politician and social activist. She was the first woman physician to practice in
Bermuda and took both black and white patients, an unusual event in the 1950s. During the time that
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165:. Ball's younger brother Walter was physically disabled and would later become well-known newspaper vendor. After completing her secondary education at the all-white
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216:. By the following year, she became the BIU's General Secretary. In 1963, Ball and Walton Brown attended a United Nations subcommittee meeting regarding
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212:(BIU) in 1961. The BIU had been formed in 1946 to represent the working class, which was predominantly black and
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220:. She stressed that the racism in the country created unequal opportunity for black Bermudians and pressed for
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was rigidly enforced, Ball actively ignored the social norms, actively fighting for the civil rights of
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Ball began her career in
England and spent the next five years working as a physician at hospitals in
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169:, she won a government scholarship to attend medical school in Liverpool. In 1942, she entered
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Ball died on 13 March 2011 at the Sylvia
Richardson Care Facility in
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championing self-determination and voting rights for black
Bermudians
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634:. Contemporary Black History. New York City: Palgrave Macmillan.
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A History of
Organized Labor in the English-speaking West Indies
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physician, trade union administrator, civil rights activist
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Simmons, Ottiwell (2010). Forbes, Keith Archibald (ed.).
177:, graduating with her medical degree seven years later.
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and represented black workers through her work with the
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Black Power in Bermuda: The Struggle for Decolonization
528:"Barbara Ball was shunned by whites for helping blacks"
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511:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group.
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708:. Hamilton, Bermuda. 14 March 2011. Archived from
144:. In 1963, at a United Nations meeting regarding
700:"PLP statement on the death of Dr. Barbara Ball"
682:. London, England. 16 June 2000. Archived from
505:Alexander, Robert J.; Parker, Eldon M. (2004).
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810:Progressive Labour Party (Bermuda) politicians
224:. British representatives dismissed the idea.
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815:Members of the House of Assembly of Bermuda
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574:Pearman, Mikaela Ian (14 March 2011).
785:Alumni of the University of Liverpool
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124:(13 June 1924 â 13 March 2011) was a
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790:20th-century British medical doctors
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584:. Hamilton, Bermuda. Archived from
536:. Hamilton, Bermuda. Archived from
14:
526:Burchall, Larry (16 March 2011).
732:. 14 March 2011a. Archived from
656:. 19 March 2011b. Archived from
553:Ebbin, Meredith (15 June 2011).
136:. She served as a member of the
650:"Dr. Barbara Ball Laid to Rest"
557:. The Bermudian. Archived from
795:British civil rights activists
576:"Union trailblazer dead at 86"
1:
780:20th-century Bermudian people
726:"The Loss of Dr Barbara Ball"
167:Bermuda High School for Girls
800:Women civil rights activists
243:House of Assembly of Bermuda
805:Bermudian women in politics
426:Alexander & Parker 2004
375:Alexander & Parker 2004
247:Order of the British Empire
150:Order of the British Empire
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241:(PLP), as a member of the
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239:Progressive Labour Party
210:Bermuda Industrial Union
142:Bermuda Industrial Union
198:Bermuda Theatre Boycott
674:"Full list of honours"
728:. Hamilton, Bermuda:
652:. Hamilton, Bermuda:
555:"Woman of Conscience"
138:Parliament of Bermuda
775:Bermudian physicians
660:on 20 September 2011
628:Swan, Quito (2009).
603:"Our Lady of Labour"
196:In 1959, during the
171:Liverpool University
561:on 14 November 2017
173:, and also studied
41:Barbara Bertha Ball
267:Our Lady of Labour
222:self-determination
202:universal suffrage
641:978-0-230-10218-7
608:The Royal Gazette
518:978-0-275-97743-6
416:, pp. 20â21.
163:Prospect Garrison
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91:Years active
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253:Death and legacy
208:Ball joined the
134:black Bermudians
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457:The Independent
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99:Known for
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63:(aged 86)
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83:Occupation(s)
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59:13 March 2011
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738:. Retrieved
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688:. Retrieved
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498:Bibliography
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474:Pearman 2011
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328:Simmons 2010
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259:St. George's
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109:Barbara Ball
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67:St. George's
61:(2011-03-13)
51:13 June 1924
22:Barbara Ball
15:
765:2011 deaths
760:1924 births
740:15 November
716:15 November
705:Bermuda Sun
690:14 November
664:15 November
619:14 November
592:15 November
581:Bermuda Sun
565:14 November
544:15 November
533:Bermuda Sun
442:Bermuda Sun
218:colonialism
191:Westmorland
146:colonialism
130:segregation
75:Nationality
754:Categories
311:Ebbin 2011
273:References
156:Early life
47:1924-06-13
414:Swan 2009
387:Swan 2009
278:Citations
269:in 2010.
187:Liverpool
126:Bermudian
94:1949â2005
69:, Bermuda
730:Bernews
654:Bernews
487:Bernews
358:Bernews
78:British
638:
515:
181:Career
489:2011b
360:2011a
742:2017
718:2017
692:2017
666:2017
636:ISBN
621:2017
594:2017
567:2017
546:2017
513:ISBN
459:2000
444:2011
189:and
175:judo
117:LRCP
113:MRCS
56:Died
37:Born
121:OBE
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
