395:, a 67-year-old, 21-year Senate member and its incumbent president pro tempore. Blackmon and Mohamed faced each other in the Democratic primary on August 4, 1992. During the campaign, Blackmon outspent Mohamed, $ 35,000 to $ 10,600 respectively. Although Mohamed believed he was sure to win the primary, he lost to Blackmon, with 5,707 votes for Blackmon and 5,017 votes for Mohamed. In the general election, Blackmon defeated Republican challenger Cecil Cartwright (a retired manufacturer and former CIA agent) with a vote total of 11,256 to 8,003 votes. Cartwright called the election "a far cry from honest" and said that improper tactics were used in Yazoo polling locations. Cartwright was able to initiate a hearing by the Yazoo County Elections board. Regardless, Blackmon was sworn in in January 1993, and was the vice-chairwoman of the Senate's Finance Committee, where she directed millions of dollars to benefit to minority business owners,
476:. In order to open up the redistricting process to the public, Blackmon proposed identical $ 250,000 amendments of budget bills of different agencies, including the Department of Transportation and the Department of Archives and History, that would give the general public access to state data and computers so individual citizens could create their own plans for redistricting. However, these amendments were opposed, with Senate Appropriations Chairman
575:
Nonetheless, the initial certification stood. As no
Republicans were running in the district, Blackmon's primary victory was tantamount to the election, and she took office in January 2016. In the 2016-2020 term, Blackmon was the vice chair of the Enrolled Bills committee, and also served on several other committees: County Affairs; Executive Contingent Fund; Finance; Highways and Transportation; Insurance; Judiciary A; and Medicaid.
436:, and Blackmon (all also supporters of Briggs in the 1995 election). They opposed the bill due to concerns that the lack of extra tax revenue from the bill would hamper the state's ability to provide for adequate education and social services. In the same year, Blackmon voted for the passage of the Adequate Education Act of 1997, a bill meant to provide public schools with resources to "adequately educate" every student.
412:, stating that the cuts "will obviously have a much greater impact on blacks". Cartwright believed that government social programs were not beneficial to anyone and said, "I think we're all equal and should act equally. It's not just black-white. It's just social programs in general." Blackmon predicted that Cartwright had "
495:. She campaigned around Mississippi "for months" following her announcement. She said that her main priority as lieutenant governor would be economic development and creating jobs. In late June, her candidacy was endorsed by labor union Mississippi Alliance of State Employees (MASE) (affiliated with the
583:
In 2019, Blackmon ran unopposed in both the
Democratic primary and general election and was re-elected to represent the 21st district for the 2020-2024 term. During this term, Blackmon chaired the Housing Committee, and was the vice chair of the Judiciary B Committee. She also served on the Finance;
451:
In 1999, Blackmon for re-election to the Senate, and was unopposed in the
Democratic primary and general elections. After her term began in 2000, Blackmon became the Chairman of the State Library Committee and the Vice Chairman of the Insurance Committee. She was also a member of other committees:
324:. She later noted that her success in New York city away from friends and family gave her the confidence that she had the ability to succeed anywhere. In 1983, she moved back to Mississippi, where she started a tax practice within the Banks & Nichols law firm. At a fundraising event hosted by
364:, and door-to-door campaigning in majority-white southern Madison County, in which she answered questions and concerns of white voters. She was sworn in to the State Senate on March 16, 1992. She and Edward became the first husband-and-wife pair to serve simultaneously in the Legislature since
518:
Blackmon won the primary and
Democratic nomination, with 57 percent of the vote compared to Roberts' 37 percent and Brown's 9 percent. She became the first black person to win the Democratic Party nomination for a Mississippi statewide office, and the first black person of a major party to be
574:
primary. According to the certified vote count, Blackmon defeated Jones by 34 votes, receiving 4,832 votes compared to Jones' 4,798 votes. Jones considered challenging the results of the election due to the closeness of the votes and apparent inconsistencies in how the votes were counted.
419:
After her term began in 1996, Blackmon was the Vice
Chairman of the Constitution Committee as well as Local & Private Committee, and served on many others, including Appropriations; County Affairs; Highways & Transportation; Insurance; Investigative State Offices; Judiciary; and
523:(who was impeached in 1876). Blackmon's race led to political experts and journalists questioning if her race would be a factor in whether people would vote for her. In the beginning of October 2003, in response to the pro-life policies of her Republican opponent,
236:. She was the seventh of nine children of farmer and lumber mill worker Julious Martin (died 1999) and his wife, homemaker Willie Thelma (Barnes) Martin (1921-2012). Neither of her parents had graduated from high school, although her mother later obtained her
424:
in the election for
Lieutenant Governor; Briggs lost, and Blackmon lost her favored position as Vice Chairman of the Finance Committee, as the new lieutenant governor (in charge of assigning senators to committees) wanted the tax bill passed.
416:" of winning the election. Blackmon won majorities in Humphreys and Madison Counties, although Cartwright won a majority in Yazoo County. She won the election with 9172 votes, compared to Cartwright's 6872 votes, or a 57.2 percentage margin.
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refused to read budget bills aloud, Blackmon and six other senators sued the lieutenant governor. A chancellor in Hinds County ruled that Tuck had violated the constitutional rights of the senators. However, the ruling was overturned by the
352:. She ran on the premise of changing government spending, supporting an "activist government" that would give more opportunities to disadvantaged people. She won a special election, held on March 10, 1992, to replace District 20 Senator
407:
In
November 1995, Blackmon ran for re-election for her seat in the Senate. She faced the same opponent as she did in 1992, Republican Cecil Cartwright. Blackmon's goal for her new term would be to compensate for cuts in the most recent
288:
more than the overt racism in
Mississippi, she later commented, "Give me Mississippi. At least there I know what I'm dealing with.". After a year living in Santa Clara, she moved back to Mississippi in 1979. That year, she entered the
530:
On the election on
November 4, Blackmon lost the election to Tuck, receiving 37 percent of the vote compared to Tuck's 61 percent. Blackmon cited her race as a factor in her loss, publicly stating, "It is my belief … that if my
356:, who had resigned to "settle an ethics dispute". Edward did not expect her to win the election due to the district being majority-white. Blackmon won the election due to her own vigorous campaigning in majority-black
452:
Constitution; Finance; Highways & Transportation; Judiciary; and Public Health & Welfare. In 2000, to protest the fact that the
Legislature refused to review bills that considered removal of the
554:, for his Cabinet appointments; out of 12 spots, all officials were male and all but two were white. After Blackmon's Senate term ended, she continued practicing law at her and her husband's law firm.
472:
In 2002, Mississippi legislative districts were being redrawn. The redrawing process was closed to everyone but the federal and state governments, especially erstwhile Senate Elections chairman
379:
Later that same year, the districts were changed again, with 12 districts changed to better represent minorities by including more black voters. Her house was moved to District 21 (composed of
439:
For the 1998 session, Blackmon supported giving increased salaries to teachers. She also supported using more money to improve Mississippi's colleges and universities, although she criticized
1994:
483:
In the 2003 session, Blackmon announced that she was not running for re-election to the Senate in order to seek a different elective office. A Senate resolution was passed in her honor.
2004:
1999:
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were different, I would be the lieutenant governor of this state." Her abortion comment towards Tuck was also viewed to be a major factor that turned white voters against her.
2024:
2019:
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2009:
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244:, where they "spent a lot of time pruning, picking, planting, everything". She later cited her experiences on the farm "made her determined to get an education".
453:
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Highways & Transportation, Insurance; Judiciary A; Local and Private; and Medicaid committees. In June 2020, Blackmon voted yes on the bill to change the
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2014:
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primary. In part due to her lucrative law practice, Blackmon had raised $ 735,147 in her campaign, while Roberts had raised only about $ 225,000.
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628:, have been elected to the 2024 Mississippi Legislature to replace their parents' seats: Bradford in the House and Lawrence in the Senate.
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301:. Despite not knowing anybody in New York, Martin moved to New York City to attend the college. She graduated in 1982, receiving an
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In 2015, Blackmon ran again to represent District 21 in the Senate. On August 4, 2015, she competed against two-term incumbent
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noting that the amendment was irrelevant to the budgets of the various agencies for which the budget amendment was proposed.
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In 1997, a law was introduced that would provide tax cuts for married couples. The bill was opposed by only three Democrats:
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at the age of 50. During her childhood, Martin and her siblings would spend their summers on their grandparents' farm near
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293:, where she became the President of the Black American Law Student Association. One of her professors was Karen Green (a
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460:, Blackmon and other senators tried to use delay tactics by having budget bills be read aloud. When Lieutenant Governor
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527:, Blackmon openly challenged Tuck to sign a sworn affidavit that Tuck had never had an abortion.
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Counties), one of the redrawn districts. Also living in the district was farmer and merchant
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20:
212:, representing the 21st district from 1992 to 2004 and from 2016 to 2024. She was also the
1856:"Barbara and Ed Blackmon to be challenged by their children in 2023 Mississippi election"
443:
as she considered that the colleges that had them were "spreading themselves too thin".
1778:
1237:"Legislature: Proposed 'marriage penalty' tax cut clears first hurdle early in session"
302:
1973:
592:; however, Blackmon dropped out, enabling Bradford to run unopposed for the primary.
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469:, which ruled that the courts had "no business in an internal legislative squabble".
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19:
This article is about the American politician. For the American art historian, see
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specialist professor), who encouraged Martin to attend Green's alma mater at
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when attempting to rent an apartment there. Disliking the "very subtle"
588:. In 2023, Blackmon initially filed for re-election alongside her son,
491:
On February 21, 2003, Blackmon announced that she would be running for
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degree at 19. She then attended, and received a second M.B.A. from the
1742:"2016-2020 Mississippi Blue Book | Michael Watson Secretary of state"
650:. Gale Research International, Limited. July 1, 2002. p. 101.
348:
was redistricting, her husband Edward convinced her to run for the
1827:"How every Mississippi lawmaker voted on historic state flag bill"
613:
547:
of that year, Blackmon criticized the state's incumbent governor,
313:
Martin spent the next year living alone in "a tiny apartment" in
1149:"District 21 Senate candidates have drastically different ideas"
850:"Willie Martin Obituary (2012) - Jackson, MS - Clarion Ledger"
204:(nee Martin, born December 7, 1955) is an American lawyer and
616:. Since 1986, she has been married to state representative
399:, and small businesses. The term ended in January 1996.
268:
at the age of 20. Then, she taught for several years at
519:
nominated for lieutenant governor of Mississippi since
420:
Municipalities. She had endorsed Republican incumbent
1687:"Senator weighs challenge in Democratic primary loss"
170:
160:
133:
128:
112:
100:
77:
65:
45:
34:
1995:African-American state legislators in Mississippi
543:Blackmon's Senate term ended in January 2004. On
256:, graduating at the age of 16. She then attended
1405:"Workers' union to endorse Blackmon's candidacy"
232:Barbara Martin was born on December 7, 1955, in
2005:20th-century African-American women politicians
2000:21st-century African-American women politicians
1264:"Mississippi Adequate Education Program (MAEP)"
1180:"Capitol abuzz over mayors, taxes and teachers"
997:"Democrat Barbara Blackmon ousts Ollie Mohamed"
1543:"Lt. Gov. candidate: Race played role in loss"
8:
499:). On August 5, 2003, Blackmon faced former
397:historically black colleges and universities
1990:Democratic Party Mississippi state senators
1929:
1374:"Blackmon Running for Lieutenant Governor"
960:"Republican faces Democrat in District 21"
61:January 5, 2016 – January 2, 2024
31:
23:. For the Australian writer and poet, see
2025:20th-century African-American politicians
2020:21st-century African-American politicians
1598:"King's birthday celebrated around state"
1462:"Election may usher in a new Mississippi"
317:and working in the tax department of the
96:March 16, 1992 – January 6, 2004
1431:"Blackmon focused on educational issues"
1289:"Education takes center stage in Canton"
896:"Blackmon focused on educational issues"
487:2003 - Candidate for lieutenant governor
2010:21st-century American women politicians
637:
291:University of Mississippi School of Law
1878:
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1854:Summerhays, Anne (February 22, 2023).
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1088:"Cartwright cries foul in Senate loss"
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1775:"Senators | MISSISSIPPI LEGISLATURE"
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374:Mississippi House of Representatives
334:Mississippi House of Representatives
274:Santa Clara University School of Law
1825:Ramseth, Giacomo Bologna and Luke.
1114:"Blackmon takes issue with hearing"
1952:Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi
1061:. November 8, 1999. Archived from
493:Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi
14:
2015:21st-century American legislators
1488:"Tough race expected for lt. gov"
1206:"Local races lopsided; DA ousted"
929:. August 18, 2002. Archived from
674:. Grenadastar.com. August 6, 2003
647:Who's Who Among African Americans
606:Mississippi State Bar Association
1716:"Lawmakers aim for Senate seats"
497:Communication Workers of America
1777:. June 17, 2020. Archived from
1514:"This is no lady-like campaign"
1315:"Election '99: The Legislature"
1295:. December 10, 1997. p. 16
825:"Blackmons continue law legacy"
372:. who had both been elected to
185:
1722:. September 7, 2015. p. 4
1693:. August 15, 2015. pp. A1
1635:. August 15, 2015. pp. A4
1549:. November 7, 2003. p. 19
1262:taylor, josh (June 14, 2020).
1212:. November 11, 1995. p. 1
1155:. November 4, 1995. p. 23
1120:. November 18, 1992. p. 1
612:, and is a Life Member of the
610:New York State Bar Association
511:businessman Troy Brown in the
272:. Martin then enrolled at the
1:
1604:. January 20, 2004. p. 1
1575:. January 29, 2004. p. 4
1348:"Remap process irks Blackmon"
1186:. January 11, 1997. p. 5
1184:The Clarksdale Press Register
1094:. November 7, 1992. p. 1
1032:The Clarksdale Press Register
1664:. July 28, 2015. pp. A2
1658:"Senate Districts 25 and 21"
1520:. October 7, 2003. p. 4
1468:. August 7, 2003. p. 16
1354:. March 19, 2002. p. 52
1243:. January 9, 1997. p. 6
799:. April 21, 2002. p. 16
539:In between terms - 2004-2015
467:Supreme Court of Mississippi
1494:. August 7, 2003. p. 8
1380:. March 5, 2003. p. 16
1321:. August 4, 1999. p. 8
1034:. March 17, 1992. p. 1
1003:. August 5, 1992. p. 8
966:. April 20, 1995. p. 1
724:"Senate Resolution no. 113"
699:. Billstatus.ls.state.ms.us
414:a snowball's chance in hell
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1573:The Greenwood Commonwealth
1437:. July 20, 2003. p. 6
1435:The Greenwood Commonwealth
1411:. June 25, 2003. p. 5
1409:The Greenwood Commonwealth
902:. July 20, 2003. p. 6
900:The Greenwood Commonwealth
545:Martin Luther King Jr. Day
18:
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1662:The Madison County Herald
604:. She is a member of the
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41:
1933:Party political offices
350:Mississippi State Senate
336:. They married in 1986.
258:Jackson State University
228:Early life and education
210:Mississippi State Senate
48:Mississippi State Senate
1569:"Letters to the Editor"
346:Mississippi Legislature
270:Hinds Community College
586:Mississippi state flag
454:Confederate war emblem
319:pharmaceutical company
278:housing discrimination
202:Barbara Anita Blackmon
50:from the 21st district
1466:The Commercial Appeal
1352:The Commercial Appeal
1028:"Blackmon takes oath"
620:. Two of their sons,
266:University of Alabama
254:Wingfield High School
248:Education (1972-1982)
305:degree in Taxation.
234:Jackson, Mississippi
154:Jackson, Mississippi
138:Barbara Anita Martin
1909:"Lawrence Blackmon"
1884:"Bradford Blackmon"
1065:on November 8, 1999
564:Kenneth Wayne Jones
501:state Supreme Court
360:and rural northern
299:New York University
284:she experienced in
276:in 1978. She faced
220:in 2003, losing to
218:Lieutenant Governor
177:Edward Blackmon Jr.
72:Kenneth Wayne Jones
16:American politician
1831:The Clarion-Ledger
1801:"Barbara Blackmon"
1720:The Vicksburg Post
1518:Enterprise-Journal
933:on August 18, 2002
829:The Clarion-Ledger
736:on August 10, 2014
697:"Barbara Blackmon"
618:Edward Blackmon Jr
521:Alexander K. Davis
441:satellite campuses
332:, a member of the
242:Utica, Mississippi
208:who served in the
1968:
1967:
1959:Succeeded by
1602:The Picayune Item
1378:The Newton Record
964:The Northside Sun
793:"Blackmon Couple"
657:978-0-7876-5729-1
328:in 1984, she met
315:Midtown Manhattan
252:Barbara attended
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84:Bradford Blackmon
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1781:on June 17, 2020
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624:(born 1988) and
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214:Democratic Party
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148:December 7, 1955
147:
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129:Personal details
119:Joseph C. Thomas
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36:Barbara Blackmon
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25:Barbara Blackman
21:Barbara Blackmun
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1888:Ballotpedia
1805:Ballotpedia
703:January 10,
678:January 10,
505:Jim Roberts
478:Jack Gordon
102:Preceded by
67:Preceded by
1974:Categories
1948:Democratic
1059:"Blackmon"
927:"Blackmon"
854:Legacy.com
632:References
572:Democratic
549:Republican
513:Democratic
458:state flag
286:California
206:politician
165:Democratic
144:1955-12-07
1629:"Primary"
579:2019-2023
570:) in the
566:(also of
558:2015-2019
509:Greenwood
474:Hob Bryan
456:from the
447:1999-2003
403:1995-1999
381:Humphreys
376:in 1951.
340:1991-1995
326:Mike Espy
92:In office
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1941:Amy Tuck
1836:June 18,
1810:June 18,
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262:M. B. A.
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602:Baptist
389:Madison
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295:tax law
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387:, and
358:Canton
309:Career
238:G.E.D.
171:Spouse
156:, U.S.
1956:2003
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727:(PDF)
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385:Yazoo
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652:ISBN
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134:Born
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