Varia Kipiani - Knowledge

899:, published in 1986, noting that she was the first Georgian woman to become a psychophysiologist. Although she had many accomplishments in her lifetime both in science and in promoting Georgian culture, like other women internationally and in Georgia, Kipiani and her achievements were largely forgotten in the historical record. In the 21st century, scholars began revisiting the careers of Kipiani and Joteyko and studying their impact on vegetarianism in Belgium and France at the turn of the twentieth century. Sociologist Alexandra Hondermarck noted that their studies gained significant traction because they used innovative scientific methods to research vegetarianism. They were among the very few women doctors and scientists centrally involved in the vegetarian movement. According to Hondermarck, despite their innovations, the success of Joteyko and Kipiani forced them to become involved in fields which were less competitive with their male colleagues. Historian 422: 647: 667:. One part of the device held the hand so that it was immobile and allowed the finger to be inserted into a tube which was attached to a stylus that recorded muscle contractions on a rotating cylinder. Attaching a weight to a finger on each hand, the subject repeatedly raised the weight until fatigue set in and the weight could no longer be lifted. The device recorded the declining ability to lift the weight, creating a fatigue curve. They tested both the right and left hands of subjects to measure the differences in their ability to operate the device. They later used this same device in their studies on vegetarianism. 866:"exhausting work when accomplished by the left hand, produces a more intense (more injurious) effect on the heart, than the same work when performed by the right hand…". They also concluded that if both hands were used to raise the weight, the pulse elevation was less than that when done by either hand and that women who were left-handed had the highest pulse rate increase when lifting with the left hand. Expanding her tests to include hearing, sight, and touch, Kipiani reported that these senses tended to be superior on the same side as the dominant hand. In 1912, Kipiani published " 532:, the goals of Belgian scientists in developing the field of paedology were not realized. Although they were at the center of the movement to ground education and teaching on scientific methodology, rather than philosophy, the field collapsed at the end of World War I primarily because the behavior of children could not be reduced to scientific formulas that could be molded into determining social ideology. The Belgian government reorganized its higher education facilities in 1927, establishing for the first time standards for scientific research and the 1139:

territory, lack of resources, and inadequate numbers of administrative supervisors in more rural areas. Russian replaced Georgian language instruction in schools beginning in 1867. From around 1920, Soviet policy recognized that by allowing ethnic groups to use their own languages and practice their cultural traditions, it might incentivate non-Russians into acceptance of Soviet authority and policies. However, limits were imposed to prevent anyone from promoting their own ethnicity and cultural identity above that of the Soviet regime. Under

240: 44: 611:. Renovations were begun, papal approval for the Georgian college was granted, and students were recruited by operatives. Tarkhnishvili stored the Dadiani and Murat items in the villa. He also transferred the materials obtained from the Georgian Catholic Monastery in Constantinople to the facility. All but one of the students left having no actual interest in becoming priests. On 4 June 1944, 688:" ("The Ergography of Sugar"). The study evaluated participants from military and sporting events who had become fatigued after strenuous activity and their ability to increase their mental or motor activity after consuming sugar. She noted that the impact of sugar was amplified if the participants had fasted for between three and four hours before its ingestion. A review by Walbaum in the 832:" ("Role of Muscular Sense and Vision in Writing") examined the learning process: seeing a letter and using the hand to imitate that letter. They noted that once proficiency had been gained, seeing the letter was no longer necessary and concluded that teaching students to constantly look at letters could strain the eyes. They stressed that more attention should be paid to 465:. In 1911, she worked as a laboratory assistant to Joteyko who that year founded and developed the curricula for the International Paedological Faculty of Brussels. The goal of this facility was to scientifically study children and their development to improve educational methods for the benefit of society as a whole. She also taught a course for the faculty in 862:" ("The Role of Tropism and Symmetry in the Integral Life of the Human Being"), Kipiani discussed the importance of exercise to fully develop the body and eliminate the tendency for outside stimuli to promote growth in only one direction. These studies were designed to allow educators to adapt educational practices to meet children's sensory development. 607:. He purchased the villa in 1943 with the bequeathed funds and supplemental monies provided by AMT IV operatives, which he was told came from a Georgian benefactor. When the collaborators attempted to recruit Tarkhnishvili, he refused to participate in their plans, which caused the Nazis to go ahead without his cooperation using a 801:" explored touch in the relationship between volume and weight for people who were blind or for sighted people who were blindfolded. Subjects were given objects of identical weight and surface area. They reported that objects which felt more voluminous were likely to be heavier and require more effort to lift. " 1138:

in the territories incorporated into the empire. The policies primarily were designed to unify the country under Russian administration, prevent rebellion, and diminish the influence of various ethnic cultural traditions. The implementation and severity of reforms were impacted by the vastness of the

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during birth and reduced the feeling of fatigue caused by nerve endings within the muscles. She noted that 25 grams of sugar dissolved in water or milk and given three times in half-hour intervals relieved fatigue within ten minutes without the toxic effects of wine or drugs. In a 1907 review for the

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in Paris and Auguste Slosse in Brussels were studying the diets of workers in their respective cities to evaluate whether the nutritional level of the population was adequate to maintain the level of their industrial activities. Her aim in conducting the studies was to contribute to the understanding

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Several sources report that Kipiani died in 1965 and was buried in Brussels. The literary historian Vasil Chachanidze reported 1965 as her death year in 1974, but it was reported in 2021 that Rusudan Kobakhidze, director of the Museum of Georgian Emigration, proposed 1950 as Kipiani's likely year of

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Kipiani began to study right-handedness in 1907 with Joteyko. Students of varying genders were asked to lift weights weighing 2 kg (4 lb) repeatedly every two seconds for twenty to thirty repetitions. After resting, they then repeated the exercise on the opposite arm. The study noted that

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in the body. Her works on ambidexterity argued that training both the dominant and weaker sides of the body would enhance motor and intellectual capacity and allow quicker recovery if one side of the body or brain was damaged. At the end of World War I, Kipiani briefly returned to Georgia, but when

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was promoting the opposing view that focus should be on developing the body's naturally dominant side. In spite of the anatomical basis for asymmetry, Kipiani argued that there were benefits to educators attempting to help students develop more symmetrically. She argued that teaching methods which

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noted in his 2008 research on Kipiani that although disseminating information about Georgia in her lifetime was illegal under Russification and later Sovietization policies, Kipiani played a prominent role in promoting and protecting Georgian culture. Many Georgian sources now recognize her as a

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until 1901, when she decided to join her father in Belgium. She enrolled in the medical faculty at the University of Brussels in 1902. Within two years, Kipiani was expelled because of an inability to pay her tuition. After making a presentation which was well-received at the Sixth International

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and her husband Prince Achille Murat as significant Georgian heritage. Although mainly forgotten after her death, 21st-century academics have begun to reevaluate her role in promoting vegetarianism in Belgium and France at the turn of the 20th century and her contributions to protecting Georgian

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noted that their findings, which showed that there was little difference in the strength of vegetarians and meat-eaters but significantly higher endurance in vegetarians, were similar to findings in a study of Yale students conducted in 1906. The Yale study and others also confirmed Joteyko and

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practices, conducting laboratory studies on children's development. Paedology was an emerging science at the time, and the researchers of the International Paedological Faculty attempted to examine childhood development from both a physiological and psychological view as a basis for improving

169:('Association of Chemists of France and the Colonies') in 1906. After completing her coursework in the medical faculty in 1907, Kipiani lectured at various universities and continued research with Joteyko on nutrition and fatigue. They jointly were awarded the Vernois Prize of the French 747:

Kipiani's findings that vegetarians recuperated more quickly from fatigue than did people who consumed meat. However, Fisher stressed that it was possible that the differences might not indicate a need to omit meat entirely, but rather to consume a "low-proteid diet", now known as a

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in an evening event which featured Georgian literature, music, and dancing. The students performed in various segments offering glimpses of Georgian culture. They acted in a drama, recited poetry, sang, and danced traditional dances in national costumes. In 1910, she attended the

826:" ("Role of the Muscular Sense in Drawing") to evaluate whether people could draw a subject accurately with their eyes closed. They noted that the drawings produced resembled children's sketches and lacked perspective, accurate proportions, and resemblance to the model. Their " 407:. She wrote to organizations in Georgia encouraging them to send books, pictures, or other items that could be added to the exhibit in order to improve exposure to Georgian achievements in education and technology. In 1913, when the collection was installed, she wrote to 894:

Kipiani and Joteyko's work on vegetarianism and her own work on ambidexterity remained in print and influential through the 1930s, although a broad international movement to encourage ambidexerity never emerged. A brief biography of Kipiani was included in the

194:('congress to benefit the blind') in Paris for two papers she wrote about educating blind students. Among other studies, she published works on sensory psychology, the use of both muscles and vision in learning to write, auditory versus visual learning, and 374:

and aimed at the Russian tsar and ruling class. As a means of furthering knowledge about Georgia and its culture, she began collecting Georgian art and cultural artifacts throughout Europe. With other Georgian students, in 1908 she performed at the

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to protect the items. She believed that Rome would offer safety for the cultural artifacts because of an international agreement to protect the city from the war. In 1941, Tarkhnishvili traveled to Belgium to secure the bequest of another Georgian

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In addition to her scientific work, Kipiani was one of the Georgian exiles who worked to preserve Georgian culture. Between 1910 and 1913, she curated and directed the collection of Georgian historical and ethnographic artifacts for the

403:, but a new location had to be found after fire destroyed several sections of the exposition site. Kipiani curated and directed the collection of Georgian historical and ethnographic artifacts for the Palais Mondial, now known as the 885:

and prevented the full development of both sides of the brain. Instead, she suggested that training both sides increased both motor and intellectual capacity and allowed quicker recovery if one side of the body or brain was damaged.

603:. The agents intended to install an intelligence-gathering network and radio station within the building. Tarkhnishvili, unaware of the Nazi plan, located the villa of publisher Salvatore di Carlo on the Via Alessandro Brisse in the 654:

Kipiani worked with Joteyko from 1903 on a series of studies evaluating sugar's use in alleviating fatigue. Though they recognized that sugar was not a complete food, their experiments were designed to isolate the roles of various

4988: 563: 736:" ("Scientific Survey on Vegetarians in Brussels") examined the basic health benefits of vegetarianism, concluding that the overall strength and endurance of people who followed a meat-free diet was superior. A review by 619:

and all of the students as well as Tarkhnishvili were arrested when the partially-installed radio antenna was located at the villa. Tarkhnishvili was later released, but the Georgian college and monastery were abandoned.

3870:[Publications: Summary Notices on International Institutions Having Their Headquarters in Belgium] (Report) (in French). Brussels, Belgium: Institut International de Bibliographie et de Documentation. report #87. 413: 4732:"Varia Kipiani;. Ambidextrie. Etude experimentale et critique: Paris: F. Alcan, 1912. Pp. 104. Fr. 3.50. [Varia Kipiani. Ambidexterity: Experimental and Critical Study. Paris: F. Alcan, 1912. Pp. 104. F 3.50.]" 721:. She argued that cane sugar was harder to digest and often created gastric irritation. In recognition of their work, Joteyko was awarded a gold medal, as head of the laboratory, and Kipiani a silver medal from the 852:" ("New Method for Determining Memory Types"), analyzing the difference in those who learned by auditory and visual methods. She analyzed the reaction of school children to a light source, making comparisons with 140:

and is recognized as a pioneering woman scholar of Georgia. Born into a noble family, Kipiani and her sisters were raised by her father after her parents' divorce. After graduating from St. Nino's School in

3635:[Ioteyko and Others. — Determination of the Types of Memory of 36 Students of the Normal School of Mons. — New Method for Determining Memory Types. — Revue Psychologique (Belgian), December 1908]. 3633:"Ioteyko et divers. — Détermination des types de mémoire des 36 élèves de l'école normale de Mons. — Nouveau procédé de détermination des types de mémoire. — Revue Psychologique (belge), décembre 1908" 872:" ("Ambidexterity: Experimental and Critical Study"). In the paper, she presented detailed analysis for both the physiological and neurological basis of favoring one hand over the other. At the time 441:

from a scientific and educational perspective. Kipiani was hired as its executive secretary. She published several articles in the journal between 1908 and 1914, as well as various studies examining

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as "Dr. Varia Kipiani-Eristavi, a distinguished professor at Brussels University". She had published works in French, German and Russian and her work had been recognized internationally. She taught

3578:"«Il faut prescrire l'usage de la viande en petite quantité, comme on prescrit l'arsenic»: Josephine Joteyko et Varia Kipiani la recherche médicale pionnière en faveur du végétarisme en 1906" 769:" ("Vegetarianism and Its Influence on Public Health, Commerce, Industry and the Economy of Nature") in 1909, which had been presented to the International Food Congress the previous year. 993:

Kipiani, Varia (1910). "La réforme de la lecture et de l'êcriture en rapport avec les lois de la symétrie" [The Reform of Reading and Writing in Relation to the Laws of Symmetry].

188:. They studied various aspects of memorization and the senses, attempting to develop teaching methods that could improve society. In 1910, Kipiani received the Valentin Haily Medal at the 948:

Enquête scientifique sur les végétariens de Bruxelles: leur résistance à la fatigue étudiée à l'ergographe, la durée de leurs réactions nerveuses, considérations énergétiques et sociales

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Around 1919, Kipiani returned to Georgia. She taught French courses at the Georgian Nobles Gymnasium and the 5th Women's Gymnasium, both in Tbilisi. She also served as an assistant to

210:, she moved back to Belgium. As paedology did not survive as a field of scientific study, upon her return to Brussels, Kipiani taught French and Russian at the University of Brussels. 4876: 3115: 3024: 302:

in 1886 and assassinated the following year. The shock of his father's death caused health problems for Nikoloz, who moved abroad in 1890 to seek treatment, leaving his daughters in

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Joteyko presented part of the findings to the Royal Society of Medical and Natural Sciences of Brussels in 1904. In 1905, Kipiani published additional information in issue 5 of the

846:, in which numbers and letters appear to be associated with colors. These were part of a series of studies she and Joteyko made on memorization, which also included works such as " 905: 418:, one of the leaders of the Georgian independence movement, urging him to print at least 100 copies of a flyer to publicize the collection to members of the Georgian diaspora. 3580:["Meat Should Be Prescribed in Very Small Doses, Arsenic-like": How Josephine Joteyko and Varia Kipiani Pioneered Medical Research to Improve Vegetarianism in 1906]. 3332: 953:

Scientific Survey of Vegetarians in Brussels: Their Resistance to Fatigue Studied with an Ergograph, the Duration of Their Nervous Reactions, Energy and Social Considerations

3943:"Revue: J. Joteyko and Varia Kipiani. — Rôle du Sens musculaire et de la vision dans l'écriture. — Rôle du Sens musculaire dans le dessin. — R. Ps., IV, 4, 1911, p. 357-369" 306:

to attend St. Nino's School. He lived in France, Holland, Italy and Switzerland before settling in Belgium in 1895 and becoming the chair of Russian language studies at the

3207: 4198: 1047: 3945:[Review: J. Joteyko and Varia Kipiani. — Role of Muscular Sense and Vision in Writing. — Role of Muscular Sense in Drawing. — R. Ps., IV, 4, 1911, p. 357-369]. 4611: 4498: 4998: 2974: 968:

Kipiani, Varia; Alexander, M. (1908). "Influence de l'éther sulfurique sur la sensibilité cutanée" [Influence of Sulfuric Ether on Skin Sensitivity].

503: 204: 3175: 2937: 807:" recommended that students should alternate between reading left to right and right to left, as well as training both hands to write. They also published " 307: 150: 533: 340:, and specifically those functions that provided power to living organisms. Kipiani began studying how sugar could be used to combat fatigue. At the time, 4993: 4983: 1125:, a British diplomat, written 16 November 1919, states Kipiani attended a dinner Wardrop hosted with Mamuka Orbeliani and other dignitaries in Brussels. 4901: 3765: 3736: 3707: 3678: 184:

Impacted by biases against women scientists, the two women shifted their career studies toward child development, focusing on the emerging field of

3455: 630: 399:('World Palace') be established as a central repository for the world's knowledge. The original plan was to utilize one of the buildings from the 3589: 616: 4731: 4715: 813:" ("The Psychological Bases of Sensorial Education") containing twelve laws of sensory psychology which could be used by educators to promote 4415: 4164: 4107: 4080: 3566: 3520: 2889: 2838: 2813: 2788: 1121:) states that Kipiani was present and made a speech at the opening ceremony for the Tbilisi State University in 1918. However, a letter from 536:(National Fund for Scientific Research) to coordinate those policies. By that time, Kipiani had earned her doctorate and was reported in the 502:, the previous year. Kipiani, who spoke Georgian, Russian, and French, assisted Shanidze in his work at the university library. In 1921, the 696:

of 1906 noted that when Kipiani evaluated the case of fatigue during childbirth, she reported that ingesting sugar relieved fatigue of both

252: 75: 4911: 760: 473: 172: 4658: 223: 3406: 3558: 4130: 4736: 4420: 4387: 4382: 3786: 3891: 4885: 4601: 4506: 3124: 3033: 2881: 843: 163:" ("The Ergography of Sugar"), which evaluated the use of sugar in alleviating fatigue. Her study won a silver medal from the 4207: 3295: 3462:(in Polish). Vol. 11: Jaroslaw—Kaplinski Seweryn. Wrocław, Poland: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich. pp. 297–300. 2874:

ULB-USA: passé, présent et futur d'une fructueuse collaboration / ULB-USA: Past, Present and Future of a Fruitful Friendship

3769: 3740: 3682: 400: 4574: 5003: 4906: 4510: 4278: 4072: 3986:[Review: Kipiani (Mlle Varia). Ambidexterity: Experimental and Critical Study. – 1 vol. in issue 8, 103 pages]. 3073: 896: 646: 538: 509: 207: 2900: 2755: 3711: 3947: 3637: 2768:(in Georgian). Vol. 10. ტიხუანა — შინდარა. Tbilisi: აბაშიძის სახელობის მთავარი სამეცნიერო რედაქცია. p. 654. 333: 226:

as a repository for collecting the world's knowledge. She also was responsible for preserving some of the estate of

4838: 4366: 3794: 3301: 2780: 600: 586: 2926:"How Georgian Women (Representatives of One Family) Contributed to the Education and Science Exchange with Europe" 1022: 792:

La réforme de la lecture et de l'écriture chez les voyants et les aveugles en rapport avec les lois de la symétrie

421: 3164: 882: 3198:[Proof by Investigation: Doctors and the Promotion of Vegetarianism in France and Belgium around 1900]. 2972:(February 1998). "The Heyday of Paedology in Belgium (1899–1914): A Positivistic Dream That Did Not Come True". 4695: 4566: 4466: 4346: 4099: 3551:"8. "Measures, Instruments, Methods, and Results": Jozefa Joteyko on Social Reforms and Physiological Measures" 730:

In 1907, Kipiani and Joteyko began a collaboration on vegetarianism, to which they both adhered. Their paper, "

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education. By 1913, Kipiani had been awarded medals by several learned societies and become a laureate of the

4176: 512:. In the wake of the establishment of a pro-Russian government, opposition figures were suppressed through a 310:. Kipiani attended St. Nino's School under a national scholarship program and graduated with honors in 1899. 4159: 3015: 371: 4934: 4065:

Suny, Ronald Grigor (1996). "The Emergence of Political Society in Georgia". In Suny, Ronald Grigor (ed.).

558: 4942: 3983: 3876: 842:" ("Colored Visualization and Chromatic Sense of Miss Uranie Diamandi"), Kipiani studied the phenomena of 766:

Le végétarisme et son influence sur la santé publique, le commerce, l'industrie et l'économie de la nature

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in Paris. She was one of the invited speakers who participated in the Fourth Vegetarian Congress, held in

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for two years. Moving to Belgium, where her father had relocated, she entered the medical faculty of the

4711: 3984:"Revue: Kipiani (Mlle Varia). Ambidextrie. Etude expérimentale et critique. – 1 vol. in-8° de 103 pages" 3807: 3083: 2805: 2423: 2421: 1135: 900: 795:" ("The Reform of Reading and Writing for both Seeing and Blind in Relation to the Laws of Symmetry"). " 408: 4068:

Transcaucasia, Nationalism and Social Change: Essays in the History of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia

3471: 3196:"La preuve par l'enquête: médecins et promotion du végétarisme en France et en Belgique autour de 1900" 2192: 2190: 4978: 4973: 4663: 4645: 4627: 4542: 4526: 4453: 3531: 3336: 873: 664: 517: 345:

of how nutrition and physiology could be applied to improving society. Findings on a study promoting

260: 198:. She was a proponent of teaching students to be ambidextrous and to use physical exercise to create 4788: 3808:"მე ჩამოვდივარ თქვენთან ქართველი... (ბარბარე ყიფიანის ცხოვრება-მოღვაწეობის შესწავლის ისტორიისათვის)" 3577: 4703: 4283: 4049: 3956: 3810:["I am coming to you, a Georgian..." (On a Study of the Life and Work of Barbare Kipiani)] 3646: 3479: 3401: 3106: 1122: 752: 462: 4814: 3867: 1828: 1826: 4632: 4219: 4092:"4. Deviance, Dominance, and the Construction of Handedness in Turn-of-the-Century Anglo-America" 3919: 3868:

Publications: Notices Sommaires sur les institutions internationals ayant leur siege en belguique

3619: 3360: 3237: 3136: 3045: 2957: 2830: 814: 612: 351: 271: 199: 137: 4764: 4304: 4119:"ბარბარე ყიფიანის კულტურულ – საგანმანათლებლო მოღვაწეობისათვის 1910-იანი წლების პირველ ნახევარში" 4474: 445:, the adaptive multi-sensory practices of people with limited or no vision, vegetarianism, and 4915: 4889: 4871: 4852: 4745: 4582: 4429: 4396: 4259: 4247: 4227: 4211: 4168: 4134: 4103: 4076: 4053: 4043: 3995: 3960: 3911: 3903: 3847: 3823: 3650: 3611: 3603: 3562: 3550: 3537: 3516: 3506: 3493: 3463: 3435: 3376: 3368: 3352: 3323: 3305: 3291: 3272: 3256: 3229: 3221: 3144: 3128: 3087: 3053: 3037: 3003: 2995: 2949: 2885: 2872: 2834: 2824: 2809: 2784: 2774: 1084: 1063: 1034: 1018: 1006: 981: 956: 942: 930: 836:

and teaching methods which did not promote eye strain or poor posture. In another 1912 work, "

742: 604: 596: 543: 376: 329: 157:, who paid her school fees and allowed her to work in a laboratory. She wrote a paper titled " 154: 133: 123: 4581:(in French) (Supplémentaire Index Bibliographique). Paris, France: F. Doin: 5–7. March 1909. 4091: 3942: 3632: 3423: 2799: 955:] (in French). Brussels, Belgium: Henri Làmertin for the Société végétarienne de France. 278:, a Georgian nobleman, scholar, statesman, and proponent of protecting Georgian culture from 4843: 4606: 3895: 3593: 3396: 3344: 3260: 3211: 2987: 2941: 2747: 1002: 977: 786:

Expériences sur les illusions musculaires chez les aveugles, les voyants et les sourds-muets

748: 608: 450: 298:. Their brother remained with their mother after the divorce. Her grandfather was exiled to 43: 4821:(in Dutch). Vol. 45, no. 12598. Amsterdam, Netherlands. 13 August 1913. p. 1 4121:[On the Cultural and Educational Activity of Barbare Kipiani in the Early 1910s]. 3174:. Vol. 1, no. 1. Melbourne, Victoria: Signs Publishing Company. pp. 44–45. 486:, all of the major universities in Belgium were closed. Joteyko left the country in 1915. 275: 239: 4797:(in Dutch). Vol. 45, no. 204. The Hague, Netherlands. 26 August 1913. p. 6 3979: 3938: 2849: 3839: 3340: 4780: 4320: 4287:(in French). No. 25534 (European ed.). Paris, France. 21 July 1906. p. 5 4039: 1147:, any public criticism of Russian culture or Soviet authority was a punishable offense. 550: 495: 364: 256: 227: 79: 4337:(in French). Vol. 28, no. 341. Brussels, Belgium. 6 December 1912. p. 5 4118: 3798: 2991: 4967: 4793: 3923: 3623: 3241: 2961: 2925: 1140: 833: 737: 701: 498:, the leading Georgian linguist and philologist, who had been one of the founders of 446: 442: 346: 279: 178: 4946:. Vol. LXVI, no. 20162. Auckland, New Zealand. 24 January 1929. p. 6 4686:(in French). Vol. 15, no. 88. Brussels, Belgium. 30 March 1908. p. 2 3835: 2969: 1410: 1408: 1406: 1144: 756: 660: 554: 529: 287: 4557:(in French). Vol. 17, no. 132. Brussels, Belgium. 12 May 1910. p. 2 3588:(2). Poznań, Poland: Academic Research Publishers of the Institute of Philosophy, 1489: 1487: 1297: 1295: 1293: 946: 578: 393:('World Congress of International Associations'), where it was proposed that the 4955: 4457:(in French). Vol. 59, no. 103. Liège, Belgium. 2 March 1914. p. 2 3757: 3728: 3670: 3489: 3078: 483: 286:, but when her parents divorced, she and her older sisters, Elisabet "Veta" and 153:

in 1902. Unable to afford her tuition, Kipiani was mentored by Polish academic,

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Bulletin de la Société Royale des Sciences Médicales et Naturelles de Bruxelles

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Le rôle des tropismes et de la symmétrie dans la vie intégrale de l'être humain

17: 4919: 4481:(in Dutch). Vol. 8, no. 3. Medan, Sumatra. 4 January 1906. p. 9 4354: 4231: 3915: 3899: 3615: 3555:

Body Counts: Medical Quantification in Historical and Sociological Perspective

3541: 3467: 3233: 3148: 3057: 3007: 1505: 1478: 789:" ("Experiments on Muscular Illusions in Blind, Sighted and Deaf-Mutes") and " 581:, Sofia Goghieli, who had died in Brussels. He returned with the donations to 568:, (also transliterated as Michael Tarchnisvili), a Georgian priest working in 513: 454: 438: 367:. Kipiani completed her studies in the medical faculty and graduated in 1907. 337: 283: 4893: 4856: 4749: 4586: 4433: 4400: 4215: 4172: 4138: 3999: 3964: 3907: 3851: 3827: 3654: 3607: 3439: 3356: 3276: 3225: 3132: 3091: 3041: 2999: 2953: 2776:

Spies in the Vatican: Espionage & Intrigue from Napoleon to the Holocaust

1088: 1067: 1038: 1010: 985: 934: 4333: 3512: 3399:[The Dream of a Georgian Monk almost Led the Nazis to the Vatican]. 3372: 3195: 2945: 2854: 1050:[Colored Visualization and Chromatic Sense of Miss Uranie Diamandi] 960: 714: 656: 479: 466: 404: 299: 295: 217: 185: 4263: 4057: 3699: 3380: 3309: 2751: 243:

House of Dimitri Kipiani, where Varia was raised, in Kvishkheti, as of 2016

4395:(1). Baltimore, Maryland: Warwick & York, Inc.: 527–531 January 1911. 3598: 3497: 1552: 1550: 1548: 4501:[Josepha Joteyko: The First Woman to Work as Supervisor at ULB]. 4362: 3877:"Linguistic Russification in the Russian Empire: Peasants into Russians?" 2983: 718: 506: 381: 328:

Congress of Physiologists held in Brussels in 1904, the Polish scientist

93: 4428:(1). Baltimore, Maryland: Warwick & York, Inc.: 56–57 January 1913. 3840:"Ueber die Gesetze der Ermüdung: Untersuchungen an Muskeln des Menschen" 3140: 3110: 3049: 3019: 856:, the phenomena of plants turning toward the light. In her 1913 paper, " 589:

college and learning center in Rome, Tarkhnishvili worked with Georgian

4830: 4806: 4490: 4296: 4250:[5) Miss Varia Kipiani (Brussels). The Energy Value of Sugar]. 4223: 4193: 4066: 3364: 3318: 2916: 2852:[Medical Movement: Annual Meeting of the Academy of Medicine]. 877: 853: 303: 248: 195: 142: 71: 4744:(1). Baltimore, Maryland: Warwick & York, Inc.: 439 January 1913. 4363:

United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women

713:, Walbaum noted that Kipiani had also compared the body's reaction to 553:

and her husband Prince Achille Murat. In 1940, following the onset of

4096:

Moral Problems in American Life: New Perspectives on Cultural History

3216: 3074:"L'alimentation dans les épreuves sportives fatigantes et prolongées" 1134:

From 1863, Russification and later Sovietization policies pushed for

1062:(11). Paris: l'Institut de Recherches Psychiques de France: 457–465. 1048:"Visualisation colorée et sens chromatique chez Mlle Uranie Diamandi" 582: 569: 291: 3846:(in German). Leipzig, Germany: Verlag von Veit & Comp.: 89–168. 3271:(1). Brussels, Belgium: Librairie médicale de Henri Lamertin: 2–10. 4015: 1493: 929:] (in French). Brussels: Librairie médicale de Henri Lamertin. 839:

Visualisation colorée et sens chromatique chez Mlle Uranie Diamandi

274:

was an ancestor of her mother and her father was the oldest son of

4710:(in Georgian). Tbilisi, Georgia: Linguistic Research Institute of 4154: 3434:. Brussels, Belgium: Librairie médicale de Henri Lamertin: 55–92. 2427: 2304: 1646: 876:, director of an internationally-known paedological laboratory in 645: 420: 324: 238: 146: 4045:

Good Health and How We Won It: With an Account of the New Hygiene

3428:

Annales de la Société royale des sciences médicales et naturelles

2334: 2196: 4662:. Brussels, Belgium: Union of International Associations. 2013. 4357:[Barbare Kipiani – Psycho-Physiologist, Public Figure]. 2540: 2538: 573: 516:

campaign. Kipiani was one of the targets of the state-sponsored

370:

Kipiani became involved in protests in Brussels, sparked by the

247:

Barbara Kipiani, known as Varia, was born on 4 February 1879 in

2115: 1885: 1883: 1705: 1703: 1462: 1460: 549:

Kipiani had become the guardian of the effects and archives of

4679: 4550: 4448: 4328: 2850:"Mouvement Médical: Séance Annuelle de l'Académie de Médecine" 1535: 1533: 1531: 727:(Association of Chemists of France and the Colonies) in 1906. 659:

in providing fuel for the body. They used a device created by

4989:

Academic staff of the Free University of Brussels (1834–1969)

3704:

Members of the Society for Spreading Literacy among Georgians

3397:"Мечта грузинского монаха едва не привела нацистов в Ватикан" 3076:[Nutrition in Tiring and Prolonged Sporting Events]. 2826:

The Bivocal Nation: Memory and Identity on the Edge of Empire

2801:

Nothing Sacred: Nazi Espionage Against the Vatican, 1939-1945

1900: 1898: 1832: 1190: 1188: 777:

In 1910, Kipiani was awarded the Valentin Haily Medal at the

674:

Bulletin de l'Académie royale de Belgique Classe des sciences

336:

and paid for her tuition. The laboratory focused on studying

323:

After graduating, Kipiani taught at the St. Mary's School in

4499:"Josepha Joteyko: la première femme chef de travaux à l'ULB" 4248:"5) Mlle Varia Kipiani (Brüssel). Der Kraftwert des Zuckers" 3842:[On the Laws of Fatigue: Studies on Human Muscles]. 3553:. In Jorland, Gérard; Opinel, Annick; Weisz, George (eds.). 1280: 1278: 1276: 1274: 1272: 1270: 1268: 1243: 1241: 1239: 1186: 1184: 1182: 1180: 1178: 1176: 1174: 1172: 1170: 1168: 783:('congress to benefit the blind') in Paris for her papers, " 4851:(86). Paris: Librairie Félix Alcan: iii. 10 February 1913. 2651: 2649: 1556: 1518: 1516: 1514: 1432: 1430: 1428: 1426: 1393: 1391: 4653: 4451:[International Faculty of Paedology of Brussels]. 4258:(23). Leipzig: Druck und Verlag von Breitkopf und Härtel. 1023:"Rôle du sens musculaire et de la vision, dans l'écriture" 2085: 1846: 1844: 3508:

The Experiment: Georgia's Forgotten Revolution 1918–1921

2249: 2247: 2021: 2019: 2006: 2004: 2002: 1977: 1975: 1973: 1025:[Role of Muscular Sense and Vision in Writing]. 881:

encouraged students to use only one hand reinforced the

829:

Rôle du sens musculaire et de la vision, dans l'écriture

680:

Bulletin of the Royal Academy of Belgium Science Classes

437:, a journal which explored developments in the field of 3866:

Office central des associations internationals (1907).

3702:[Barbara (Varia) daughter of Nikoloz Kipiani]. 2907:(in French). Vol. 59. Angoulême, France. p. 1 457:

at various universities, including her alma mater, the

2490: 2166: 1448: 1315: 1313: 820:

The two women collaborated on another study in 1912, "

4910:. Vol. 3, no. 36. Sydney, New South Wales: 4355:"ბარბარე ყიფიანი – ფსიქო-ფიზიოლოგი, საზოგადო მოღვაწე" 1721: 849:

Nouveau procédé de determination des types de mémoire

733:

Enquete Scientifique sur les Vegetariens de Bruxelles

349:

sparked international discussion in newspapers, like

4791:[Fourth International Vegetarian Congress]. 3165:"Australia, the Ideal Climate for a Vegetarian Diet" 2699: 2529: 2397: 1580: 3333:

American Association for the Advancement of Science

2211: 2100: 1506:

Office central des associations internationals 1907

1479:

Office central des associations internationals 1907

810:

Les bases psychologiques de l'éducation sensorielle

763:

for their work. They published a follow-up study, "

724:

Association des chimistes de France et des colonies

282:. Kipiani grew up on her grandfather's estate near 166:

Association des chimistes de France et des colonies

109: 101: 86: 53: 34: 4602:"The First Georgian Scholar Woman Barbare Kipiani" 3022:[Review: Varia Kipiani. – Ambidexterity]. 1355: 1083:] (in French). Brussels: J. Lebègue & Co. 759:. They were awarded the 1908 Vernois Prize of the 429:In 1908, Joteyko founded and became editor of the 4877:Revue philosophique de la France et de l'étranger 4449:"Faculté international de pédologie de Bruxelles" 4199:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 3116:Revue philosophique de la France et de l'étranger 3025:Revue philosophique de la France et de l'étranger 1109:Ninia Sadghobelashvili's article in the magazine 332:invited Kipiani to work in her laboratory at the 4771:. Buffalo, New York. 29 December 1907. p. 5 4636:. New York, New York. 27 October 1907. p. 8 4022:(in Georgian). Tbilisi, Georgia: Mastsavlebeli. 3561:for Fondation Marcel Mérieux. pp. 145–172. 2703: 2695: 1709: 1661: 1466: 1414: 546:and Russian language courses at the university. 390:Congrès mondial des Associations Internationales 222:('World Palace'). The museum was founded by the 4131:International Caucasological Research Institute 3988:Revue générale des sciences pures et appliquées 2277: 1301: 629:death. Her personal archive was donated to the 482:in 1913. The following year, with the onset of 425:Józefa Joteyko (seated) and Varia Kipiani, 1910 4477:[Influence of Sugar on Muscle Labor]. 3994:. Paris, France: Librairie Armand Colin: 903. 2691: 2238: 1284: 1247: 1230: 1194: 1111: 1081:Ambidexterity: Experimental and Critical Study 127: 2975:International Journal of Educational Research 2924:Davitadze, Tamila; Mazmishvili, Nana (2022). 2798:Alvarez, David J.; Graham, Robert A. (1997). 2752:"ყიფიანი, ბარბარე [Kipiani, Barbara]" 2730: 2718: 2319: 2226: 2181: 1940: 1928: 1916: 1889: 1862: 1568: 1027:Revue d'hygiène et de thérapeutique oculaires 132:; 4 February 1879 – 1950-1965) was the first 8: 4533:. Bedford, Indiana. 10 April 1918. p. 2 4194:"Russification: Word and Practice 1863-1914" 4094:. In Halttunen, Karen; Perry, Lewis (eds.). 3536:. Vol. 22: I-Z. Paris: Daniel Jordell. 1077:Ambidextrie: Etude expérimentale et critique 867: 857: 847: 837: 827: 821: 808: 802: 796: 790: 784: 778: 764: 731: 722: 707: 690: 683: 672: 590: 520:and fled the country, returning to Belgium. 471: 431: 394: 388: 215: 189: 170: 164: 158: 4789:"Vierde Internationaal Vegetarisch Congres" 4014:Sadghobelashvili, Ninia (2 December 2021). 3533:Catalogue général de la librairie française 3163:Heynemann, Ethel M. (February–March 1911). 2544: 1733: 1679: 1206: 869:Ambidextrie: Étude expérimental et critique 534:Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique 4329:"Arts, Sciences, Conferences, Litterature" 3297:The Science of Labour and Its Organization 3082:(in French). No. 546. Paris, France: 2682:, pp. 6–7, Section 24, 7, Section 26. 2505: 42: 31: 4577:[Physiology: Psycho-Physiology]. 3791:Dictionary of Georgian National Biography 3766:National Parliamentary Library of Georgia 3737:National Parliamentary Library of Georgia 3708:National Parliamentary Library of Georgia 3700:"ბარბარე (ვარია) ნოკოლოზის ასული ყიფიანი" 3679:National Parliamentary Library of Georgia 3597: 3215: 2568: 2556: 1604: 1522: 1436: 1397: 1370: 804:La réforme de la lecture et de l'écriture 2655: 2616: 2517: 2478: 2142: 1619: 1539: 1494:Union of International Associations 2013 1382: 4311:. Osage, Kansas. 5 June 1907. p. 6 4246:Walbaum (1906). Fritz, Heinrich (ed.). 2454: 2385: 2373: 2361: 2349: 2265: 2073: 2061: 2049: 2037: 1981: 1964: 1952: 1904: 1874: 1850: 1817: 1805: 1793: 1781: 1694: 1592: 1343: 1331: 1319: 1164: 1102: 631:Georgian National Center of Manuscripts 4817:[Fourth Vegetarian Congress]. 4610:. Tbilisi, Georgia. 5 September 2017. 3194:Hondermarck, Alexandra (Summer 2021). 2466: 2442: 2412: 2292: 2253: 2154: 2130: 2025: 2010: 1033:. Paris: Librairie A. Maloine: 49–59. 823:Rôle du sens musculaire dans le dessin 4718:from the original on 15 November 2022 4369:from the original on 17 November 2022 4179:from the original on 16 November 2022 4026:from the original on 17 November 2022 3743:from the original on 17 November 2022 3020:"Revue: Varia Kipiani. – Ambidextrie" 2938:South-West University "Neofit Rilski" 2858:(in French). Paris, France. p. 6 2848:Bianchon, Horace (16 December 1908). 2679: 2667: 2640: 2628: 2604: 2592: 2580: 1993: 7: 4999:Psychologists from Georgia (country) 4614:from the original on 6 November 2022 4192:Weeks, Theodore R. (December 2004). 4153:Weeks, Theodore R. (December 2010). 3822:(30). Tbilisi, Georgia: Leta: 9–11. 3785:Mikaberidze, Alexander, ed. (2007). 3714:from the original on 2 November 2022 3181:from the original on 9 November 2022 3111:"La Revue Psychologique (1908–1914)" 3072:Encausse, Philippe (December 1936). 2899:Chabannais, O. (13 September 1930). 1745: 1634: 1259: 1218: 911:pioneering Georgian woman academic. 290:, went with their father in 1883 to 4666:from the original on 4 October 2022 4659:Union of International Associations 4475:"Invloed van suiker op spierarbeld" 4071:(Revised 2nd ed.). Ann Arbor: 3844:Archiv für Anatomie und Physiologie 1769: 1757: 751:, or only meat which was free from 224:Union of International Associations 145:in 1899, she taught in a school in 3685:from the original on 31 March 2022 3485:A Modern History of Soviet Georgia 3458:. In Rostworowski, Emanuel (ed.). 3317:Fisher, Irving (25 October 1907). 25: 4994:Scientists from Georgia (country) 4984:Vrije Universiteit Brussel alumni 4737:Journal of Educational Psychology 4575:"Physiologie: Psycho-Physiologie" 4527:"Keep Brain Busy Write Exercises" 4509:. 16 October 2018. Archived from 4421:Journal of Educational Psychology 4388:Journal of Educational Psychology 4206:(4). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: 4090:Thornton, Tamara Plakins (1998). 3764:(in Georgian). Tbilisi, Georgia: 3756:Mchedlishvili, David A. (2012c). 3735:(in Georgian). Tbilisi, Georgia: 3727:Mchedlishvili, David A. (2012d). 3706:(in Georgian). Tbilisi, Georgia: 3698:Mchedlishvili, David A. (2012b). 3677:(in Georgian). Tbilisi, Georgia: 3669:Mchedlishvili, David A. (2012a). 3409:from the original on 5 March 2022 2429:Journal of Educational Psychology 2336:Journal of Educational Psychology 2306:Journal of Educational Psychology 2198:Journal of Educational Psychology 1648:Journal of Educational Psychology 524:Second Belgian period (1921–1950) 401:Brussels International Exposition 4886:Presses universitaires de France 4505:(in French). Brussels, Belgium: 3772:from the original on 2 June 2021 3762:Georgian Biographical Dictionary 3733:Georgian Biographical Dictionary 3675:Georgian Biographical Dictionary 3576:Löwy, Ilana; Nowak, Ewa (2020). 3395:Kazakov, Alexey (1 March 2022). 3319:"Diet and Endurance at Brussels" 3125:Presses Universitaires de France 3034:Presses Universitaires de France 2700:Davitadze & Mazmishvili 2022 2530:Davitadze & Mazmishvili 2022 1581:Davitadze & Mazmishvili 2022 1557:Free University of Brussels 2018 319:First Belgian period (1902–1919) 4769:The Buffalo Sunday Morning News 4155:"Russification / Sovietization" 3892:Springer Science+Business Media 3559:McGill-Queen's University Press 3426:[Ergography of Sugar]. 3263:[Ergography of Sugar]. 2117:The Buffalo Sunday Morning News 1046:Kipiani, Varia (January 1912). 1021:; Kipiani, Varia (April 1912). 642:Nutritional studies and fatigue 4208:American Philosophical Society 3456:"Józefa Franciszka Joteykówna" 3405:(in Russian). Moscow, Russia. 3208:Presses Universitaires du Midi 761:Académie Nationale de Médecine 557:, she began negotiations with 474:Académie Nationale de Médecine 334:Solvay Institute of Physiology 294:, where he was working in the 173:Académie Nationale de Médecine 1: 4914:. 2 August 1927. p. 22. 4696:KBR: Royal Library of Belgium 4567:KBR: Royal Library of Belgium 4507:Université libre de Bruxelles 4467:KBR: Royal Library of Belgium 4347:KBR: Royal Library of Belgium 4165:Institute of European History 2992:10.1016/S0883-0355(98)00006-8 2982:(8). Amsterdam, Netherlands: 2882:Université libre de Bruxelles 798:Expériences sur les illusions 605:Monteverde Nuovo neighborhood 490:Return to Georgia (1919–1921) 361:Good Health and How We Won It 355:, women's magazines such as, 4815:"Vierde vegetarisch congres" 4682:[A Georgian Party]. 4252:Zentralblatt für Gynäkologie 4117:Urushadze, Levan Z. (2008). 4073:University of Michigan Press 3454:Konarski, Stanisław (1965). 3300:. Efficiency books. London: 2936:(1). Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria: 2762:Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia 2757:ქართული საბჭოთა ენციკლოპედია 2670:, p. 6, Section 20, 22. 897:Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia 709:Zentralblatt für Gynäkologie 692:Zentralblatt für Gynäkologie 259:, to Anastasia Eristavi and 208:Red Army invaded the country 90:1965 (aged 85–86) 4050:Frederick A. Stokes Company 4018:[Barbare Kipiani]. 3731:[Nikoloz Kipiani]. 3673:[Barbara Kipiani]. 3460:Polski Słownik Biograficzny 3302:George Routledge & Sons 3200:Histoire, médecine et santé 2871:Brouwer, Christian (1996). 2823:Batiashvili, Nutsa (2018). 572:, to secure a monastery in 308:Free University of Brussels 151:Free University of Brussels 5020: 4841:[Just Published]. 3795:Louisiana State University 3590:Adam Mickiewicz University 3349:10.1126/science.26.669.561 2781:University Press of Kansas 2773:Alvarez, David J. (2002). 2239:Ioteyko & Kipiani 1912 1722:Ilia State University 2014 844:grapheme–color synesthesia 698:striated abdominal muscles 682:) and a 172-page report, " 528:According to the academic 177:in 1908 for their work on 4907:Australian Woman's Mirror 4706:[Varia Kipiani]. 4553:[For the Blind]. 4309:The Osage City Free Press 3900:10.1007/s11185-011-9078-7 3793:. Shreveport, Louisiana: 2903:[Ambidexterity]. 2087:The Osage City Free Press 1941:Alvarez & Graham 1997 1929:Alvarez & Graham 1997 1917:Alvarez & Graham 1997 1890:Alvarez & Graham 1997 1863:Alvarez & Graham 1997 1834:Australian Woman's Mirror 1571:, pp. 281, 285, 289. 1112: 945:; Kipiani, Varia (1907). 883:principle of least effort 868: 858: 848: 838: 828: 822: 809: 803: 797: 791: 785: 765: 732: 684: 539:Australian Woman's Mirror 159: 128: 41: 4708:Prosopography of Georgia 4359:Gender Barometer Georgia 4100:Cornell University Press 3875:Pavlenko, Aneta (2011). 3760:[Nino Kipiani]. 3631:Maigre, Étienne (1908). 3206:(19). Toulouse, France: 3016:Duprat, Guillaume-Léonce 2532:, pp. 106–107, 114. 1143:and, particularly after 780:Congrès des Typhlophiles 585:. Hoping to establish a 500:Tbilisi State University 235:Early life and education 191:Congrès des Typhlophiles 4281:[In Brussels]. 4160:European History Online 3806:Mikadze, Tamar (2021). 3422:Kipiani, Varia (1905). 3331:(669). Washington, DC: 2946:10.37708/bf.swu.v31i1.5 2631:, p. 3, Section 9. 2595:, p. 3, Section 7. 2583:, p. 2, Section 4. 1075:Kipiani, Varia (1912). 921:Kipiani, Varia (1905). 372:1905 Russian Revolution 129:ბარბარე "ვარია" ყიფიანი 120:Barbare "Varia" Kipiani 4943:The New Zealand Herald 4839:"Viennent de paraître" 4684:Le petit bleu du matin 4555:Le petit bleu du matin 4503:The ULB Libraries Blog 4048:. New York, New York: 3890:(3). Berlin, Germany: 3488:. New York, New York: 3424:"Ergographie du sucre" 3261:"Ergographie du Sucre" 2880:. Bruxelles, Belgium: 2492:The New Zealand Herald 2168:Le petit bleu du matin 1450:Le petit bleu du matin 995:La Revue Psychologique 970:La Revue Psychologique 779: 723: 708: 691: 685:L'ergographie du sucre 673: 651: 591: 472: 449:. Kipiani lectured on 432: 426: 395: 389: 244: 216: 190: 171: 165: 160:L'ergographie du sucre 105:Varia Kipiani-Eristavi 4712:Ilia State University 4680:"Une fête géorgienne" 4654:"UIA's History: 1910" 4416:"Current Periodicals" 4383:"Current Periodicals" 3948:L'Année psychologique 3638:L'Année psychologique 3599:10.14746/eip.2020.2.8 3530:Lorenz, Otto (1911). 3084:Louis Dreyfus Company 3018:(January–June 1913). 2829:. Cham, Switzerland: 2806:Frank Cass Publishers 2696:Sadghobelashvili 2021 2557:Löwy & Nowak 2020 1710:Sadghobelashvili 2021 1467:Gender Barometer 2020 1136:cultural assimilation 815:bilateral development 649: 559:Mikheil Tarkhnishvili 424: 242: 4902:"Women in the World" 4765:"Vegetarian Success" 4646:Newspaperarchive.com 4628:"The Non-Flesh Diet" 4543:Newspaperarchive.com 4531:The Bedford Democrat 4305:"A Food for Workers" 4129:. Tbilisi, Georgia: 4098:. Ithaca, New York: 4075:. pp. 109–140. 3801:on 17 February 2008. 3557:. Montréal, Canada: 3549:Löwy, Ilana (2005). 3480:Lang, David Marshall 3474:on 25 February 2018. 3107:Grzegorzewska, Maria 2779:. Lawrence, Kansas: 2399:The Bedford Democrat 923:Ergographie du sucre 518:political repression 253:Caucasus Viceroyalty 76:Caucasus Viceroyalty 5004:People from Kutaisi 4935:"The Woman's World" 4551:"Pour les aveugles" 4365:. 12 October 2020. 4284:The New York Herald 4102:. pp. 81–102. 3957:University of Paris 3884:Russian Linguistics 3647:University of Paris 3402:Nezavisimaya Gazeta 3341:1907Sci....26..561F 2692:Mchedlishvili 2012a 2619:, pp. 338–339. 2415:, pp. 643–644. 2388:, pp. 120–121. 2364:, pp. 117–118. 2268:, pp. 457–458. 2213:Revue philosophique 2133:, pp. 562–563. 2102:The New York Herald 1943:, pp. 107–108. 1931:, pp. 103–104. 1907:, pp. 205–207. 1877:, pp. 203–204. 1808:, pp. 695–696. 1796:, pp. 687–689. 1772:, pp. 217–218. 1542:, pp. 297–300. 1385:, pp. 176–177. 1285:Mchedlishvili 2012b 1248:Mchedlishvili 2012d 1231:Mchedlishvili 2012c 1195:Mchedlishvili 2012a 1123:John Oliver Wardrop 927:Ergography of Sugar 753:intestinal bacteria 463:University of Paris 459:University of Liège 433:Revue Psychologique 113:Scientist, academic 4633:The New York Times 4163:. Mainz, Germany: 3582:Ethics in Progress 3505:Lee, Eric (2017). 2831:Palgrave Macmillan 2731:Grzegorzewska 1916 2719:Grzegorzewska 1916 2227:Grzegorzewska 1916 2182:Grzegorzewska 1916 1569:Grzegorzewska 1916 1357:The New York Times 1056:Le Monde Psychique 901:Levan Z. Urushadze 719:fruit-based sugars 652: 613:Rome was liberated 427: 409:Giorgi Kereselidze 352:The New York Times 272:Ketevan the Martyr 245: 200:bilateral symmetry 138:psychophysiologist 27:Georgian scientist 4888:: 284–286. 1916. 4884:. Paris, France: 4872:"Volume III 1910" 4109:978-1-5017-2549-4 4082:978-0-472-06617-9 4016:"ბარბარე ყიფიანი" 3955:. Paris, France: 3787:"Shanidze, Akaki" 3729:"ნიკოლოზ ყიფიანი" 3671:"ბარბარე ყიფიანი" 3645:. Paris, France: 3568:978-0-7735-2925-0 3522:978-1-78699-094-5 3172:Life & Health 3032:. Paris, France: 2930:Balkanistic Forum 2891:978-2-930149-01-1 2840:978-3-319-62286-6 2815:978-0-7146-4744-9 2790:978-0-7006-1214-7 2748:Abashidze, Irakli 2559:, pp. 80–87. 2241:, pp. 50–51. 1996:, pp. 90–91. 1652:, pp. 56–57. 1334:, pp. 57–58. 650:Mosso's ergograph 633:on 19 June 1965. 597:Nazi intelligence 587:Georgian Catholic 357:Life & Health 117: 116: 16:(Redirected from 5011: 4959: 4953: 4951: 4939: 4930: 4928: 4926: 4897: 4867: 4865: 4863: 4844:La Revue du mois 4834: 4828: 4826: 4810: 4804: 4802: 4784: 4778: 4776: 4760: 4758: 4756: 4727: 4725: 4723: 4699: 4693: 4691: 4675: 4673: 4671: 4649: 4643: 4641: 4623: 4621: 4619: 4607:Georgian Journal 4597: 4595: 4593: 4570: 4564: 4562: 4546: 4540: 4538: 4522: 4520: 4518: 4494: 4488: 4486: 4470: 4464: 4462: 4444: 4442: 4440: 4411: 4409: 4407: 4378: 4376: 4374: 4350: 4344: 4342: 4324: 4318: 4316: 4300: 4294: 4292: 4274: 4272: 4270: 4242: 4240: 4238: 4188: 4186: 4184: 4149: 4147: 4145: 4113: 4086: 4061: 4035: 4033: 4031: 4010: 4008: 4006: 3975: 3973: 3971: 3934: 3932: 3930: 3881: 3871: 3862: 3860: 3858: 3831: 3813: 3802: 3797:. Archived from 3781: 3779: 3777: 3752: 3750: 3748: 3723: 3721: 3719: 3694: 3692: 3690: 3665: 3663: 3661: 3627: 3601: 3572: 3545: 3526: 3501: 3475: 3470:. Archived from 3450: 3448: 3446: 3418: 3416: 3414: 3391: 3389: 3387: 3313: 3287: 3285: 3283: 3259:(January 1905). 3252: 3250: 3248: 3219: 3217:10.4000/hms.4529 3190: 3188: 3186: 3180: 3169: 3159: 3157: 3155: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3011: 2965: 2920: 2914: 2912: 2895: 2879: 2867: 2865: 2863: 2844: 2819: 2794: 2769: 2767: 2734: 2728: 2722: 2716: 2710: 2705:Georgian Journal 2689: 2683: 2677: 2671: 2665: 2659: 2653: 2644: 2638: 2632: 2626: 2620: 2614: 2608: 2602: 2596: 2590: 2584: 2578: 2572: 2566: 2560: 2554: 2548: 2547:, p. 39–56. 2545:Hondermarck 2021 2542: 2533: 2527: 2521: 2515: 2509: 2503: 2497: 2488: 2482: 2476: 2470: 2464: 2458: 2452: 2446: 2440: 2434: 2425: 2416: 2410: 2404: 2395: 2389: 2383: 2377: 2371: 2365: 2359: 2353: 2347: 2341: 2332: 2326: 2317: 2311: 2302: 2296: 2290: 2284: 2275: 2269: 2263: 2257: 2251: 2242: 2236: 2230: 2224: 2218: 2209: 2203: 2194: 2185: 2179: 2173: 2164: 2158: 2152: 2146: 2140: 2134: 2128: 2122: 2113: 2107: 2098: 2092: 2083: 2077: 2071: 2065: 2059: 2053: 2047: 2041: 2035: 2029: 2023: 2014: 2008: 1997: 1991: 1985: 1979: 1968: 1962: 1956: 1950: 1944: 1938: 1932: 1926: 1920: 1914: 1908: 1902: 1893: 1887: 1878: 1872: 1866: 1860: 1854: 1848: 1839: 1830: 1821: 1815: 1809: 1803: 1797: 1791: 1785: 1779: 1773: 1767: 1761: 1755: 1749: 1743: 1737: 1734:Mikaberidze 2007 1731: 1725: 1719: 1713: 1707: 1698: 1692: 1686: 1677: 1668: 1663:La Revue du mois 1659: 1653: 1644: 1638: 1632: 1626: 1617: 1611: 1602: 1596: 1590: 1584: 1578: 1572: 1566: 1560: 1554: 1543: 1537: 1526: 1520: 1509: 1503: 1497: 1491: 1482: 1476: 1470: 1464: 1455: 1446: 1440: 1434: 1421: 1416:Georgian Journal 1412: 1401: 1395: 1386: 1380: 1374: 1368: 1362: 1353: 1347: 1341: 1335: 1329: 1323: 1317: 1308: 1299: 1288: 1282: 1263: 1257: 1251: 1245: 1234: 1228: 1222: 1216: 1210: 1207:Batiashvili 2018 1204: 1198: 1192: 1148: 1132: 1126: 1115: 1114: 1107: 1092: 1071: 1053: 1042: 1014: 989: 964: 938: 909: 871: 870: 861: 860: 851: 850: 841: 840: 831: 830: 825: 824: 812: 811: 806: 805: 800: 799: 794: 793: 788: 787: 782: 768: 767: 749:low-protein diet 740:for the journal 735: 734: 726: 711: 694: 687: 686: 676: 637:Scientific works 595:associated with 594: 567: 477: 451:psychophysiology 435: 417: 398: 392: 385: 296:judiciary system 269: 221: 193: 176: 168: 162: 161: 131: 130: 102:Other names 67: 65: 46: 32: 21: 5019: 5018: 5014: 5013: 5012: 5010: 5009: 5008: 4964: 4963: 4962: 4949: 4947: 4937: 4933: 4924: 4922: 4900: 4870: 4861: 4859: 4837: 4824: 4822: 4813: 4800: 4798: 4787: 4774: 4772: 4763: 4754: 4752: 4730: 4721: 4719: 4704:"ვარია ყიფიანი" 4702: 4689: 4687: 4678: 4669: 4667: 4652: 4639: 4637: 4626: 4617: 4615: 4600: 4591: 4589: 4573: 4560: 4558: 4549: 4536: 4534: 4525: 4516: 4514: 4513:on 24 June 2019 4497: 4484: 4482: 4479:De Sumatra Post 4473: 4460: 4458: 4447: 4438: 4436: 4414: 4405: 4403: 4381: 4372: 4370: 4361:(in Georgian). 4353: 4340: 4338: 4327: 4314: 4312: 4303: 4290: 4288: 4277: 4268: 4266: 4245: 4236: 4234: 4191: 4182: 4180: 4152: 4143: 4141: 4125:(in Georgian). 4116: 4110: 4089: 4083: 4064: 4040:Sinclair, Upton 4038: 4029: 4027: 4013: 4004: 4002: 3978: 3969: 3967: 3937: 3928: 3926: 3879: 3874: 3865: 3856: 3854: 3834: 3818:(in Georgian). 3811: 3805: 3784: 3775: 3773: 3755: 3746: 3744: 3726: 3717: 3715: 3697: 3688: 3686: 3668: 3659: 3657: 3630: 3575: 3569: 3548: 3529: 3523: 3504: 3478: 3453: 3444: 3442: 3421: 3412: 3410: 3394: 3385: 3383: 3316: 3290: 3281: 3279: 3255: 3246: 3244: 3193: 3184: 3182: 3178: 3167: 3162: 3153: 3151: 3105: 3096: 3094: 3071: 3062: 3060: 3014: 2968: 2923: 2910: 2908: 2901:"L'ambidextrie" 2898: 2892: 2877: 2870: 2861: 2859: 2847: 2841: 2822: 2816: 2797: 2791: 2772: 2765: 2746: 2742: 2737: 2729: 2725: 2717: 2713: 2702:, p. 108; 2690: 2686: 2678: 2674: 2666: 2662: 2654: 2647: 2639: 2635: 2627: 2623: 2615: 2611: 2603: 2599: 2591: 2587: 2579: 2575: 2567: 2563: 2555: 2551: 2543: 2536: 2528: 2524: 2516: 2512: 2506:Chabannais 1930 2504: 2500: 2489: 2485: 2477: 2473: 2465: 2461: 2453: 2449: 2441: 2437: 2426: 2419: 2411: 2407: 2396: 2392: 2384: 2380: 2372: 2368: 2360: 2356: 2348: 2344: 2333: 2329: 2318: 2314: 2303: 2299: 2291: 2287: 2276: 2272: 2264: 2260: 2252: 2245: 2237: 2233: 2225: 2221: 2210: 2206: 2195: 2188: 2180: 2176: 2165: 2161: 2153: 2149: 2141: 2137: 2129: 2125: 2114: 2110: 2099: 2095: 2084: 2080: 2072: 2068: 2060: 2056: 2048: 2044: 2036: 2032: 2024: 2017: 2009: 2000: 1992: 1988: 1980: 1971: 1963: 1959: 1951: 1947: 1939: 1935: 1927: 1923: 1915: 1911: 1903: 1896: 1888: 1881: 1873: 1869: 1861: 1857: 1849: 1842: 1831: 1824: 1816: 1812: 1804: 1800: 1792: 1788: 1780: 1776: 1768: 1764: 1756: 1752: 1744: 1740: 1732: 1728: 1720: 1716: 1708: 1701: 1693: 1689: 1678: 1671: 1660: 1656: 1645: 1641: 1633: 1629: 1618: 1614: 1603: 1599: 1591: 1587: 1579: 1575: 1567: 1563: 1555: 1546: 1538: 1529: 1521: 1512: 1504: 1500: 1492: 1485: 1477: 1473: 1465: 1458: 1447: 1443: 1435: 1424: 1413: 1404: 1396: 1389: 1381: 1377: 1369: 1365: 1354: 1350: 1342: 1338: 1330: 1326: 1318: 1311: 1303:De Sumatra Post 1300: 1291: 1283: 1266: 1258: 1254: 1246: 1237: 1229: 1225: 1217: 1213: 1205: 1201: 1193: 1166: 1162: 1157: 1152: 1151: 1133: 1129: 1108: 1104: 1099: 1074: 1051: 1045: 1019:Ioteyko, Józefa 1017: 992: 967: 943:Ioteyko, Józefa 941: 920: 917: 903: 892: 874:Medard Schuyten 775: 773:Sensory studies 644: 639: 626: 561: 526: 510:invaded Georgia 492: 411: 379: 321: 316: 276:Dimitri Kipiani 263: 261:Nikoloz Kipiani 237: 97: 91: 82: 69: 68:4 February 1879 63: 61: 60: 59: 58:Barbare Kipiani 49: 48:Kipiani in 1913 37: 28: 23: 22: 18:Barbare Kipiani 15: 12: 11: 5: 5017: 5015: 5007: 5006: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4976: 4966: 4965: 4961: 4960: 4931: 4898: 4868: 4835: 4811: 4785: 4781:Newspapers.com 4761: 4728: 4700: 4676: 4650: 4624: 4598: 4571: 4547: 4523: 4495: 4471: 4445: 4412: 4379: 4351: 4325: 4321:Newspapers.com 4301: 4275: 4243: 4189: 4150: 4114: 4108: 4087: 4081: 4062: 4036: 4011: 3976: 3935: 3872: 3863: 3832: 3803: 3782: 3758:"ნინო ყიფიანი" 3753: 3724: 3695: 3666: 3628: 3573: 3567: 3546: 3527: 3521: 3502: 3476: 3451: 3419: 3392: 3314: 3288: 3253: 3191: 3160: 3103: 3079:Match l'intran 3069: 3012: 2966: 2921: 2896: 2890: 2868: 2845: 2839: 2820: 2814: 2804:. London, UK: 2795: 2789: 2770: 2750:, ed. (1986). 2743: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2735: 2733:, p. 285. 2723: 2721:, p. 281. 2711: 2684: 2672: 2660: 2658:, p. 339. 2645: 2643:, p. 476. 2633: 2621: 2609: 2607:, p. 475. 2597: 2585: 2573: 2571:, p. 115. 2569:Urushadze 2008 2561: 2549: 2534: 2522: 2510: 2498: 2483: 2471: 2469:, p. 634. 2459: 2457:, p. 687. 2447: 2445:, p. 903. 2435: 2433:, p. 439. 2417: 2405: 2390: 2378: 2376:, p. 118. 2366: 2354: 2352:, p. 116. 2342: 2327: 2312: 2297: 2295:, p. 418. 2285: 2270: 2258: 2256:, p. 476. 2243: 2231: 2229:, p. 289. 2219: 2217:, p. 286. 2204: 2202:, p. 529. 2186: 2184:, p. 284. 2174: 2159: 2147: 2135: 2123: 2108: 2093: 2078: 2066: 2064:, p. 674. 2054: 2042: 2030: 2028:, p. 562. 2015: 2013:, p. 561. 1998: 1986: 1969: 1957: 1945: 1933: 1921: 1919:, p. 102. 1909: 1894: 1892:, p. 101. 1879: 1867: 1855: 1853:, p. 203. 1840: 1822: 1810: 1798: 1786: 1784:, p. 694. 1774: 1762: 1760:, p. 217. 1750: 1748:, p. 189. 1738: 1726: 1714: 1699: 1687: 1669: 1667:, p. iii. 1654: 1639: 1637:, p. 149. 1627: 1612: 1597: 1595:, p. 691. 1585: 1583:, p. 109. 1573: 1561: 1544: 1527: 1525:, p. 113. 1523:Urushadze 2008 1510: 1508:, p. 143. 1498: 1483: 1481:, p. 140. 1471: 1456: 1441: 1439:, p. 654. 1437:Abashidze 1986 1422: 1402: 1400:, p. 112. 1398:Urushadze 2008 1387: 1375: 1371:Heynemann 1911 1363: 1348: 1336: 1324: 1309: 1289: 1264: 1262:, p. 137. 1252: 1235: 1223: 1221:, p. 130. 1211: 1209:, p. 168. 1199: 1163: 1161: 1158: 1156: 1153: 1150: 1149: 1127: 1101: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1094: 1093: 1072: 1043: 1015: 990: 965: 939: 916: 915:Selected works 913: 891: 888: 774: 771: 702:smooth muscles 643: 640: 638: 635: 625: 622: 551:Salome Dadiani 525: 522: 496:Akaki Shanidze 491: 488: 396:Palais Mondial 377:Diamont Palace 365:Upton Sinclair 359:, and a book, 342:Armand Gautier 330:Józefa Joteyko 320: 317: 315: 312: 257:Russian Empire 236: 233: 228:Salome Dadiani 218:Palais Mondial 155:Józefa Joteyko 115: 114: 111: 107: 106: 103: 99: 98: 92: 88: 84: 83: 80:Russian Empire 70: 57: 55: 51: 50: 47: 39: 38: 35: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5016: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4971: 4969: 4957: 4945: 4944: 4936: 4932: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4908: 4903: 4899: 4895: 4891: 4887: 4883: 4880:(in French). 4879: 4878: 4873: 4869: 4858: 4854: 4850: 4847:(in French). 4846: 4845: 4840: 4836: 4832: 4820: 4816: 4812: 4808: 4796: 4795: 4794:Het Vaderland 4790: 4786: 4782: 4770: 4766: 4762: 4751: 4747: 4743: 4739: 4738: 4733: 4729: 4717: 4713: 4709: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4665: 4661: 4660: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4635: 4634: 4629: 4625: 4613: 4609: 4608: 4603: 4599: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4556: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4532: 4528: 4524: 4512: 4508: 4504: 4500: 4496: 4492: 4480: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4456: 4455: 4450: 4446: 4435: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4422: 4417: 4413: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4389: 4384: 4380: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4336: 4335: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4286: 4285: 4280: 4279:"A Bruxelles" 4276: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4254:(in German). 4253: 4249: 4244: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4201: 4200: 4195: 4190: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4161: 4156: 4151: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4115: 4111: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4088: 4084: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4069: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4046: 4041: 4037: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4012: 4001: 3997: 3993: 3990:(in French). 3989: 3985: 3981: 3980:Piéron, Henri 3977: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3951:(in French). 3950: 3949: 3944: 3940: 3936: 3925: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3878: 3873: 3869: 3864: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3836:Mosso, Angelo 3833: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3809: 3804: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3783: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3754: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3725: 3713: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3696: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3667: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3641:(in French). 3640: 3639: 3634: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3600: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3584:(in French). 3583: 3579: 3574: 3570: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3534: 3528: 3524: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3509: 3503: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3486: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3452: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3430:(in French). 3429: 3425: 3420: 3408: 3404: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3325: 3320: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3298: 3293: 3289: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3267:(in French). 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3218: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3202:(in French). 3201: 3197: 3192: 3177: 3173: 3166: 3161: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3119:(in French). 3118: 3117: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3093: 3089: 3086:. p. 6. 3085: 3081: 3080: 3075: 3070: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3028:(in French). 3027: 3026: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2976: 2971: 2970:Depaepe, Marc 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2922: 2918: 2906: 2902: 2897: 2893: 2887: 2883: 2876: 2875: 2869: 2857: 2856: 2851: 2846: 2842: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2827: 2821: 2817: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2802: 2796: 2792: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2777: 2771: 2763: 2759: 2758: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2744: 2739: 2732: 2727: 2724: 2720: 2715: 2712: 2708: 2706: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2688: 2685: 2681: 2676: 2673: 2669: 2664: 2661: 2657: 2656:Pavlenko 2011 2652: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2637: 2634: 2630: 2625: 2622: 2618: 2617:Pavlenko 2011 2613: 2610: 2606: 2601: 2598: 2594: 2589: 2586: 2582: 2577: 2574: 2570: 2565: 2562: 2558: 2553: 2550: 2546: 2541: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2526: 2523: 2520:, p. 97. 2519: 2518:Thornton 1998 2514: 2511: 2507: 2502: 2499: 2495: 2493: 2487: 2484: 2480: 2479:Encausse 1936 2475: 2472: 2468: 2463: 2460: 2456: 2451: 2448: 2444: 2439: 2436: 2432: 2430: 2424: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2409: 2406: 2402: 2400: 2394: 2391: 2387: 2382: 2379: 2375: 2370: 2367: 2363: 2358: 2355: 2351: 2346: 2343: 2340:, p. 57. 2339: 2337: 2331: 2328: 2324: 2322: 2321:Het Vaderland 2316: 2313: 2310:, p. 57. 2309: 2307: 2301: 2298: 2294: 2289: 2286: 2282: 2280: 2274: 2271: 2267: 2262: 2259: 2255: 2250: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2235: 2232: 2228: 2223: 2220: 2216: 2214: 2208: 2205: 2201: 2199: 2193: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2178: 2175: 2171: 2169: 2163: 2160: 2156: 2151: 2148: 2144: 2143:Bianchon 1908 2139: 2136: 2132: 2127: 2124: 2120: 2118: 2112: 2109: 2105: 2103: 2097: 2094: 2090: 2088: 2082: 2079: 2076:, p. 62. 2075: 2070: 2067: 2063: 2058: 2055: 2051: 2046: 2043: 2039: 2034: 2031: 2027: 2022: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2007: 2005: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1990: 1987: 1984:, p. 55. 1983: 1978: 1976: 1974: 1970: 1967:, p. 10. 1966: 1961: 1958: 1954: 1949: 1946: 1942: 1937: 1934: 1930: 1925: 1922: 1918: 1913: 1910: 1906: 1901: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1886: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1871: 1868: 1865:, p. 94. 1864: 1859: 1856: 1852: 1847: 1845: 1841: 1838:, p. 22. 1837: 1835: 1829: 1827: 1823: 1820:, p. 25. 1819: 1814: 1811: 1807: 1802: 1799: 1795: 1790: 1787: 1783: 1778: 1775: 1771: 1766: 1763: 1759: 1754: 1751: 1747: 1742: 1739: 1735: 1730: 1727: 1723: 1718: 1715: 1711: 1706: 1704: 1700: 1697:, p. 19. 1696: 1691: 1688: 1684: 1682: 1676: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1664: 1658: 1655: 1651: 1649: 1643: 1640: 1636: 1631: 1628: 1624: 1622: 1616: 1613: 1609: 1607: 1601: 1598: 1594: 1589: 1586: 1582: 1577: 1574: 1570: 1565: 1562: 1558: 1553: 1551: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1540:Konarski 1965 1536: 1534: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1519: 1517: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1502: 1499: 1495: 1490: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1475: 1472: 1468: 1463: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1451: 1445: 1442: 1438: 1433: 1431: 1429: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1417: 1411: 1409: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1394: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1383:Sinclair 1909 1379: 1376: 1373:, p. 44. 1372: 1367: 1364: 1360: 1358: 1352: 1349: 1346:, p. 57. 1345: 1340: 1337: 1333: 1328: 1325: 1321: 1316: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1304: 1298: 1296: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1281: 1279: 1277: 1275: 1273: 1271: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1256: 1253: 1249: 1244: 1242: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1227: 1224: 1220: 1215: 1212: 1208: 1203: 1200: 1196: 1191: 1189: 1187: 1185: 1183: 1181: 1179: 1177: 1175: 1173: 1171: 1169: 1165: 1159: 1154: 1146: 1142: 1141:Joseph Stalin 1137: 1131: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1106: 1103: 1096: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1058:(in French). 1057: 1049: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1029:(in French). 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1001:. Bruselles: 1000: 997:(in French). 996: 991: 987: 983: 979: 976:. Bruselles: 975: 972:(in French). 971: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 949: 944: 940: 936: 932: 928: 924: 919: 918: 914: 912: 907: 902: 898: 889: 887: 884: 879: 875: 863: 855: 845: 835: 834:muscle memory 818: 816: 781: 772: 770: 762: 758: 754: 750: 745: 744: 739: 738:Irving Fisher 728: 725: 720: 716: 712: 710: 703: 699: 695: 693: 681: 677: 675: 668: 666: 662: 658: 648: 641: 636: 634: 632: 623: 621: 618: 617:Allied forces 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 593: 588: 584: 580: 575: 571: 565: 560: 556: 552: 547: 545: 541: 540: 535: 531: 523: 521: 519: 515: 511: 508: 505: 501: 497: 489: 487: 485: 481: 476: 475: 468: 464: 460: 456: 452: 448: 447:ambidexterity 444: 443:muscle memory 440: 436: 434: 423: 419: 415: 410: 406: 402: 397: 391: 383: 378: 373: 368: 366: 362: 358: 354: 353: 348: 347:vegetarianism 343: 339: 335: 331: 326: 318: 313: 311: 309: 305: 301: 297: 293: 289: 285: 281: 280:Russification 277: 273: 267: 262: 258: 254: 250: 241: 234: 232: 229: 225: 220: 219: 211: 209: 206: 201: 197: 192: 187: 182: 180: 179:vegetarianism 175: 174: 167: 156: 152: 148: 144: 139: 136:trained as a 135: 125: 121: 112: 110:Occupation(s) 108: 104: 100: 95: 89: 85: 81: 77: 73: 56: 52: 45: 40: 36:Varia Kipiani 33: 30: 19: 4954:– via 4948:. 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