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While many sources claim that barbershop singing originated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in the United States of
America, some maintain that the origins of barbershop singing are "obscure". The style is considered a blend of White and African American musical styles. Although the African
250:
In competition, barbershop quartets generally wear coordinated outfits to mark them as members of the same group. The
Society Contest and Judging Committee of the Barbershop Harmony Society notes in their rule book that aesthetics are important to competitive success: "The judge responds to both the
101:
While the regional origins of barbershop quartet singing are not wholly agreed upon, current organizations that promote the style typify it as an "old
American institution." While the style is most popular in the United States, barbershop organizations exist in the United Kingdom, The Netherlands,
157:
In 1971, president of BHS Ralph Ribble launched the "Barberpole Cat
Program" to encourage barbershop singing as widely as possible. Well-known and popular barbershop songs were published and promoted in order to provide a core set of pieces for barbershop quartets. The current list of 12 songs,
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with a medium voice, usually slightly below the lead, but sometimes above it. While the baritone's part by itself does not sound as "melodious" as the other three, the baritone is a fundamental role in the quartet to filling in the missing notes and giving each chord a fuller sound.
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By the 1920s, the popularity of the style had begun to fade. It was revived in the late 1930s along with the founding of the
Society for the Preservation and Encouragement of Barber Shop Quartet Singing in America (SPEBSQSA), now known as the
21:
146:, or BHS. The society's first meeting was held at the Tulsa Club in Tulsa, Oklahoma, on April 11, 1938, and it was open only to male singers. In 1945, a parallel organization for women was also founded in Tulsa, called
300:, winners of the Barbershop Harmony Society's international barbershop convention in Denver, Colorado, 2007. From left to right: Greg Clancy (tenor), Tony DeRosa (lead), Jeff Oxley (bass) and Gary Lewis (baritone).
94:, a term that has fallen out of favor. The voice parts for women's and mixed barbershop groups use the same names as those for male groups since the roles perform similar functions in the quartet although the
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has a barbershop quartet of
Muppets who imitate the genre with the songs "When You Cooperate", "Long Time No See", "Small B", "Same Different Barbershop Quartet", and "Counting Floors", among others.
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musical tells the story of
Frankie (lead/second tenor), Jinx (tenor), Sparky (baritone), and Smudge (bass), a barbershop quartet that gets the chance to come back to life after dying in a bus crash.
878:
The
Origins of Barbershop Harmony: A Study of Barbershop's Links to Other African American Musics as Evidenced through Recordings and Arrangements of Early Black and White Quartets
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While the traditional barbershop quartet included only male singers, contemporary quartets can include any gender combination. All-female barbershop quartets were often called
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vocal and visual aspects of the performance, but the judge principally evaluates the interaction of those aspects as they work together to create the image of the song."
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generally harmonizes above the lead, making the part the highest in the quartet. So as not to overpower the lead singer, who carries the tune, the part is often sung in
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style. In popular culture, this style exemplifies the stereotypical barbershop quartet. Several Walt Disney theme parks feature a dedicated barbershop quartet called
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559:", prominently features the murder of a member of Gus' college barbershop quartet. Originally called "Blackapella", the quartet is renamed "Quarterblack" once
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song, "I'm a Member of the
Midnight Crew". The cover was sung by a fan of the series and was put into the comic on the page, "DD: Ascend more casually."
609:, known for its 1900s cartoon style, contains two songs sung by barbershop quartet "'Shoptimus Prime": "Don't Deal with the Devil" and "A Quick Break".
686:, has a Pict-O-Matic cutscene where if you dress four citizens in a barber outfit, it will trigger a cutscene where they become a barbershop quartet.
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featured a barbershop quartet in the season 4 episode "Dark
Imaginings" (1986), and in the season 8 episode "The Stork Brings a Crane" (1989).
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television commercial, a barbershop quartet sings while playing a four-on-four basketball game. The quartet in the ad is #TheAccidentals.
79:. The baritone normally sings just below the lead singer, sometimes just above as the harmony requires. Barbershop music is typified by
278:(tenor—tenor—baritone—bass) arrangement, with the second tenor singing the lead. Since the 1940s, barbershop singers have tuned their
266:(Disney World version pictured). The outfits worn by these performers vary depending on location but do feature vests and straw hats.
433:(Vern Reed, Al Shea, Wayne "Scotty" Ward, Bill Spangenberg) were such a hit that they were cast in the 1962 film adaptation starring
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Martin, Jeff (2004). The Simpsons season 5 DVD commentary for the episode "Homer's Barbershop Quartet" (DVD). 20th Century Fox.
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used the cast in a barbershop quartet in the 1952 episode, "Lucy's Show-Biz Swan Song;" the same footage was used for a
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frequently feature the "Schwartzman Quartet" of four puppet brothers, with one appearance explaining barbershop music.
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Abbott, Lynn (1992). "'Play That Barber Shop Chord': A Case for the African-American Origin of Barbershop Harmony".
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The lead, often a lower or second tenor or even more recently a higher or lighter baritone, usually sings the main
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915:"From Harmonic Style to Genre: The Early History (1890s–1940s) of the Uniquely American Musical Term 'Barbershop'"
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American influence is sometimes overlooked, these quartets had a formative role in the development of the style.
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498:", Dr. Ross Geller hires a barbershop quartet and sends it to Rachel's office to sing her a love song.
1039:"Barbershop Harmony Society: Barbershop Barberpole Cat Learning Tracks (Lead) – Music on Google Play"
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as though they were each members of a barbershop quartet named "The Be Sharps". The episode starred
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532:(1996–2006), a barbershop quartet can be heard saying "Mailtime", after which Steve (portrayed by
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quality. Notable examples of barbershop quartets which made use of the full-voiced tenor include
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Barbershop quartets have been featured in popular culture in musical theater productions such as
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Germany, Ireland, South Africa, Finland, Sweden, Denmark, New Zealand, Australia, and Canada.
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633:(2013) has a recurring sketch in which a barbershop quartet sings the titles of porn videos.
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An animatronic barbershop quartet is one of the scenery pieces in the theme park video game
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The opening theme song and insert song of the 1967–68 Japanese science fiction TV series
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The Dapper Dans at Disney World dressed in traditional barbershop quartet style in 2006
1355:"If You Leave Me, I'll Die: 9 Popular Songs That Unlock BioShock Infinite's Mysteries"
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of a tenor in barbershop music does not necessarily closely correspond to that of a
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Barbershop music is featured extensively in the 1975 post-apocalyptic film
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commonly known as "polecats", was selected in 1987. These songs, plus the
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A dictionary for the modern singer dictionaries for the modern musician
989:
Four Parts, No Waiting: A Social History of American Barbershop Harmony
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featured a barbershop quartet in the episode, "Frasier's Curse" (1998).
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uses a barbershop quartet as a symbol to link between Billy's worlds.
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154:(HI), also serving women, was established in Rhode Island in 1959.
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540:) sings the mail time song before the mail arrives at their house.
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1168:. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 20–21.
1388:"GEICO TV Commercial, 'A Barbershop Quartet Plays Basketball'"
892:"History of the Barbershop Quartet, a Time-Honored Tradition"
254:
Traditionally, barbershop quartet attire consisted of: vest,
1469:"An Appreciation for Harlan Ellison and 'A Boy and His Dog'"
519:", Brian Griffin does an impression of a barbershop quartet.
319:, though some quartets do make use of tenors with a softer
788:
The British Barbershopper: A Study in Socio-musical Values
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Our Vision & Mission | Barbershop Harmony Society
59:, the part which provides the bass line to the melody; a
1440:"Comedy Central's Graveyard of One-Season Sketch Shows"
812:"Chapters/Choruses outside of the United States/Canada"
210:"You're the Flower of My Heart, Sweet Adeline" (1903)
83:— the upper three voices generally remain within one
707:
List of Barbershop Harmony Society quartet champions
315:, which is of a softer quality than singing in the
991:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 132.
1306:"Frasier – Season 6, Episode 2: Frasier's Curse"
575:(2009–2016) features a barbershop cover of the
25:The US Navy Band Northwest's Barbershop Quartet
274:As a general rule, barbershop quartets use a
49:, the vocal part which typically carries the
8:
841:(3). University of Illinois Press: 289–325.
588:(set in 1912) includes a barbershop quartet
429:International Quartet Contest Champions The
111:, or lampooned in television series such as
290:, yielding a distinctive "ringing" sound.
133:Barbershop music § Historical origins
1121:. Barbershop Harmony Society. August 2018
737:"Barbershop quartet singing | music"
677:feature elements of a barbershop quartet.
75:, the part that frequently completes the
712:Sweet Adelines International competition
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481:, a quartet who sing on Main Street in
197:"Sweet, Sweet Roses of Morn" (c. 1930s)
1413:Prestridge, James (January 13, 2019).
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16:A cappella close harmony singing group
1215:"Society Hall of Fame, Class of 2014"
1191:Encyclopedia of American gospel music
181:" (That's What You Are to Me)" (1931)
7:
1467:Kozak, Oktay Ege (August 13, 2018).
187:"Honey—Little 'Lize Medley" (1898)
14:
172:Wait 'Till the Sun Shines, Nellie
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1015:. March 21, 2011. Archived from
1415:"An Interview With Robert Rice"
1193:. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis.
933:10.5406/americanmusic.32.2.0123
220:"You Tell Me Your Dream" (1899)
37:singers who sing music in the
1:
963:"About | Sweet Adelines"
496:The One with All the Jealousy
412:in their 1956 Christmas show.
1245:"Barbershop quartet singing"
1013:"The Barberpole Cat Program"
814:. Barbershop Harmony Society
200:"Shine on Me" (19th century)
148:Sweet Adelines International
473:", parodied the journey of
215:Down by the Old Mill Stream
167:"My Wild Irish Rose" (1899)
45:. The four voices are: the
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1332:"DD: Ascend more casually"
1223:Barbershop Harmony Society
1189:McNeil, W.K., ed. (2005).
1064:"Classic barbershop songs"
876:Henry, James Earl (2000).
762:"Our Vision & Mission"
471:Homer's Barbershop Quartet
427:Barbershop Harmony Society
192:Let Me Call You Sweetheart
144:Barbershop Harmony Society
130:
1312:. TV.com. October 1, 1998
880:. Washington University.
517:Brian: Portrait of a Dog
203:"The Story of the Rose (
1250:Encyclopædia Britannica
1096:. M. Witmark & Sons
913:Döhl, Frédéric (2014).
741:Encyclopedia Britannica
592:singing a rendition of
536:) or Joe (portrayed by
229:"Ring, Ring the Banjo"
1164:Hoch, Matthew (2014).
987:Averill, Gage (2003).
526:'s television program
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69:above the lead; and a
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786:Garnett, Liz (2005).
680:The 2010 video game,
656:Jack's Big Music Show
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184:"Down Our Way" (1927)
152:Harmony, Incorporated
24:
1507:at Wikimedia Commons
1091:"My Wild Irish Rose"
1070:. September 26, 2008
603:The 2017 video game
582:The 2013 video game
563:(a white man) joins.
522:In every episode of
366:often completes the
270:Roles of vocal parts
223:"Give Me Your Hand"
162:of two others, are:
92:beauty shop quartets
1505:Barbershop quartets
790:. London: Ashgate.
446:Slaughterhouse-Five
444:In the 1969 novel "
437:as Harold Hill and
1089:Olcott, Chauncey.
555:seventh episode, "
463:A 1993 episode of
397:In popular culture
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98:may be different.
31:barbershop quartet
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1531:Four-part harmony
1503:Media related to
1448:. August 11, 2014
1225:: 23. Winter 2014
1175:978-0-8108-8656-8
1019:on March 21, 2011
998:978-0-1951-1672-4
967:sweetadelines.com
797:978-0-7546-3559-8
697:Barbershop chorus
639:A Boy and His Dog
590:anachronistically
585:BioShock Infinite
557:High Top Fade-Out
419:Broadway musical
381:always sings and
325:The Buffalo Bills
205:Heart of My Heart
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