213:
166:
179:
153:
5407:
895:, who was recalled from East Africa. An armoured brigade group of the 2nd Armoured Division had been used to provide forces for the Greek campaign and the rest of the division in Cyrenaica had lost most of its tanks to mechanical breakdowns and fuel shortage. Several Axis attempts to seize Tobruk failed and a front line was formed on the Egyptian border. In April 1941, the plans for the deployment of Layforce were changed; their first operation would be a raid on
200:
141:
908:
54:
989:
The main landing force, running late, were landed on the wrong beaches. The landings were unopposed and the commandos made their way inland to destroy their objectives. Bardia was found to be empty of
Italian or German forces and faulty intelligence resulted in some objectives being missed, as they
967:. Off Bardia, one LCA could not be lowered and there were difficulties releasing the others. When they did get going and approached the beaches, they were expecting to see lights to guide them in, which were to have been set up by the Folbot section but the Folbot section had been delayed
994:
before returning to their LCAs to re-embark. The raid would have passed without loss to the commandos but for the death of a commando officer by friendly fire from an over-alert commando and the capture of 70 men who, after getting lost, ended up on the wrong evacuation beach and became
919:
The Bardia raid was planned for the night of 19/20 April for A Battalion, Layforce to disrupt Axis lines of communication and inflict as much damage as possible to installations and equipment. The plan called for the simultaneous landing of A Battalion and a troop of tanks from the
1052:
in
November 1941, that the Germans "sent a strong detachment of tanks and armoured cars to repel the imagined invasion". In his diary published in 1976, a very different picture emerged of incompetence by the commandos, against virtually no opposition.
1017:
and kept it for some time guarding rear areas. Layforce was less fortunate, being used as normal infantry, a role for which it was neither equipped nor trained. As one of the few reserve forces available, it was sent to take part in the
1012:
Despite the limited results and seventy casualties, the raid on Bardia had considerable strategic effect. The
Germans diverted the greater part of an armoured brigade from Sollum, where it was beginning to exert heavy pressure on the
1427:
713:
and a supply dump. It was deemed a success despite the loss of 71 men. The more lasting strategic effect of the raid was the diversion of a German armoured brigade from the front line to provide rear area security.
1420:
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321:
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1306:. History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. II (facs. repr. Naval & Military Press, Uckfield ed.). HMSO.
854:
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2400:
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783:
that a large force of commandos had arrived in the theatre, 7, 8, 11 and 50/52 Commandos were camouflaged as A, B, C and D Battalions
Layforce.
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3781:
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990:
were not where they were supposed to be or they did not exist. The commandos managed to destroy an
Italian supply dump and an Italian coastal
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was a big
British and Commonwealth victory against the Italian troops in Egypt and Cyrenaica, the eastern province of Libya. General
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2640:
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4165:
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5285:
5257:
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2978:
2709:
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1994:
883:, the new commander of XIII Corps (re-named HQ Cyrenaica Command after the transfers to Greece), O'Connor, and Major-General
5229:
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4199:
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3114:
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2571:
2555:
2266:
2225:
2197:
2116:
1861:
1022:; fighting as the rearguard they lost 600 men before being evacuated. C Battalion was not sent to Crete but instead to
5382:
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4276:
4248:
4101:
3716:
3695:
3216:
2879:
2275:
813:
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4034:
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1632:
1027:
756:
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5082:
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4449:
4354:
4144:
3577:
2651:
2305:
1840:
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348:
89:
871:
on 24 March, exploited the success and by 15 April had pushed the
British back to the Libyan–Egyptian border at
5458:
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3844:
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3168:
3140:
3133:
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3625:
3493:
3463:
3427:
3412:
3284:
3176:
3154:
3100:
3086:
3068:
2732:
2513:
2241:
2190:
1938:
752:
537:
331:
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4630:
4581:
4484:
4377:
4347:
4130:
4018:
3744:
3535:
3126:
3107:
3077:
2624:
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1658:
520:
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365:
3598:
5426:
5149:
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4512:
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3751:
3209:
2746:
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2155:
2097:
1875:
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892:
884:
799:
658:
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413:
2801:
5250:
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4756:
4713:
4683:
4609:
4419:
4398:
3324:
2479:
2043:
2008:
1847:
1798:
1461:
1447:
1014:
598:
508:
5368:
5142:
5020:
4976:
4498:
3632:
3398:
2925:
2755:
2739:
2688:
2083:
2057:
2015:
1966:
1952:
1889:
1882:
1728:
1637:
1601:
1587:
1524:
1454:
962:
921:
817:
706:
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233:
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5119:
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4340:
4234:
4185:
4123:
3879:
3830:
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3542:
3263:
2918:
2849:
2716:
2090:
1959:
1924:
1868:
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1784:
1770:
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1700:
1672:
1651:
1644:
1625:
1613:
1538:
1482:
1405:
956:
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section. On their arrival in Egypt in March 1941, the force was strengthened by the amalgamated
584:
458:
444:
258:
244:
204:
5406:
1034:
battalions meant that
Layforce was left in an ineffective state and was disbanded in July 1941.
616:
867:
In the first Italo-German offensive, the Axis force raided and quickly defeated the
British at
709:; the raiders were supported by five navy ships and a submarine. The raid destroyed an Italian
5352:
5236:
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1812:
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1679:
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1503:
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1333:
1321:
1307:
1299:
1285:
1266:
1236:
991:
976:
949:
805:
710:
690:
577:
556:
496:
465:
437:
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406:
391:
360:
353:
272:
251:
5271:
5264:
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4872:
4637:
4623:
4526:
4463:
4414:
4227:
4080:
4027:
3837:
3788:
3702:
2932:
2909:
2442:
2022:
1987:
1980:
1973:
1931:
1917:
1805:
1693:
1594:
1573:
1566:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1489:
996:
829:
825:
694:
563:
549:
503:
401:
381:
45:
5294:
5006:
4921:
4879:
4777:
4720:
4588:
4370:
4361:
3890:
3472:
3448:
3044:
2702:
2036:
2029:
2001:
1763:
1742:
1735:
1707:
1686:
1496:
1019:
876:
776:
772:
420:
41:
5301:
4837:
4763:
2815:
2674:
1826:
1364:
1229:
764:
748:
744:
733:
698:
229:
199:
146:
1302:; Flynn, F. C.; Molony, C. J. C. & Toomer, S. E. (2004) . Butler, J. R. M. (ed.).
852:. When Rommel arrived in North Africa along with six Italian divisions, including the
53:
5442:
5112:
3037:
2886:
2725:
1910:
1395:
1048:
972:
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184:
1304:
The
Mediterranean and Middle East: The Germans come to the help of their Ally (1941)
5411:
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to North Africa as reinforcements for the Italians, to prevent their collapse. The
841:
833:
686:
636:
621:
237:
217:
212:
171:
1400:
1369:
5050:
5036:
4698:
3374:
3195:
3180:
2534:
1903:
1608:
891:, were captured. The Western Desert Force HQ took over under Lieutenant-General
780:
651:
4405:
4158:
4137:
3030:
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868:
641:
1356:
104:
91:
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17:
907:
848:
had fresh troops, better equipment and tanks and a charismatic commander,
299:
2939:
2667:
723:
702:
1030:. The steady drain of manpower without the replacement system of normal
1023:
741:
3549:
896:
872:
821:
768:
682:
79:
3737:
906:
760:
1329:
1046:, who took part in the raid, related in an article he wrote for
2151:
2147:
1409:
303:
1250:
Carey, John. "Reportage, Literature and Willed Credulity". In
27:
Amphibious landing in North Africa during the Second World War
928:(LCA). The landing force would be transported to the area by
732:
force of 2,000 commandos, known as Layforce, was sent from
1326:
Combined Operations: The Official Story of the Commandos
986:
transporting them, to submerge and take evasive action.
2809:
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
5170:
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4739:
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2503:
2265:
2258:
1186:
1162:
5479:Amphibious operations involving the United Kingdom
1368:
1228:
1073:List of Italian military equipment in World War II
1063:List of British military equipment of World War II
1068:List of German military equipment of World War II
681:was an amphibious landing at the coastal town of
1227:Aitchison, Jean; Lewis, Diana M., eds. (2003).
1026:, where they lost over 120 men fighting in the
34:
1437:British Commando raids of the Second World War
1251:
864:, his orders were to remain on the defensive.
840:(Operation Sunflower), the dispatchof the new
836:responded to the Italian disaster by ordering
693:over the night of 19/20 April 1941 during the
5464:Military history of Italy during World War II
2163:
1421:
315:
8:
705:, together with a small detachment from the
656:
2137:List of Commando raids on the Atlantic Wall
4014:
3073:
2262:
2170:
2156:
2148:
1428:
1414:
1406:
736:to take part in raiding operations in the
322:
308:
300:
31:
1261:Bauer, Eddy (2000) . Young, Peter (ed.).
1198:
1174:
1150:
1138:
1102:
1090:
1083:
3995:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union
1114:
5469:Amphibious operations of World War II
4866:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
4298:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
3944:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union
3900:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union
3005:Rape during the occupation of Germany
1349:The Green Beret: The Commandos at War
1347:Saunders, Hilary St. George (1959) .
1210:
1126:
7:
3988:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union
3020:Rape during the liberation of France
1284:. Elite. London: Osprey Publishing.
1265:(2nd rev. ed.). London: Orbis.
5454:World War II British Commando raids
4214:German invasion of the Netherlands
2494:Weather events during World War II
58:British commandos in landing craft
25:
4845:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
1371:Tobruk 1941: Capture-Siege-Relief
5405:
211:
198:
177:
164:
151:
139:
52:
1383:– via Archive Foundation.
1375:. Sydney: Angus and Robertson.
1328:(Read Books ed.). London:
1187:Saunders & Mountbatten 2007
1163:Saunders & Mountbatten 2007
5092:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945
2802:Territorial changes of Germany
2710:Indonesian National Revolution
1324:; Mountbatten, Louis (2007) .
697:. The raid was carried out by
1:
4492:Japanese invasion of Thailand
4443:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
4207:German invasion of Luxembourg
2588:Mediterranean and Middle East
1141:, pp. 15–43, 2, 153–159.
292:1 artillery battery destroyed
4399:Invasion of the Soviet Union
4088:Occupation of Czechoslovakia
3406:Independent State of Croatia
1252:Aitchison & Lewis (2003)
701:, also known as A Battalion
5383:End of World War II in Asia
5223:Western invasion of Germany
4730:Chinese famine of 1942–1943
4707:Second Battle of El Alamein
4277:Hundred Regiments Offensive
4249:Battle of the Mediterranean
4102:Italian invasion of Albania
2276:Air warfare of World War II
1322:Saunders, Hilary St. George
1263:The History of World War II
5495:
5309:Naval bombardment of Japan
4677:First Battle of El Alamein
4596:Battle of Christmas Island
4541:Japanese invasion of Burma
4305:Italian invasion of Greece
4221:German invasion of Belgium
4193:German invasion of Denmark
4166:1939–1940 Winter Offensive
4035:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
2299:Comparative military ranks
1028:battle of the Litani River
915:, an infantry assault ship
797:
757:No. 11 (Scottish) Commando
721:
5398:
5230:Bratislava–Brno offensive
5161:Dutch famine of 1944–1945
4785:Allied invasion of Sicily
4645:Aleutian Islands campaign
4617:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
4555:Greek famine of 1941–1944
4450:Second Battle of Changsha
4355:German invasion of Greece
4200:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang
2542:North and Central Pacific
2185:
2127:
1443:
341:
281:
228:
223:
191:
132:
62:
51:
39:
4822:Allied invasion of Italy
4799:Solomon Islands campaign
4548:Third Battle of Changsha
4145:First Battle of Changsha
4051:Second Sino-Japanese War
2991:German military brothels
2857:United States war crimes
1351:. London: Landsborough.
1282:Army Commandos 1940–1945
812:ordered a large part of
647:3rd Indian Motor Brigade
333:Western Desert Campaign
5244:Second Guangxi campaign
5099:Philippines (1944–1945)
4603:Battle of the Coral Sea
4506:Fall of the Philippines
4152:Battle of South Guangxi
4058:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
3464:Italian Social Republic
1280:Chappell, Mike (1996).
838:Unternehmen Sonnenblume
793:Unternehmen Sonnenblume
779:. To disguise from the
753:No. 8 (Guards) Commando
740:. Under the command of
294:1 supply dump destroyed
4829:Armistice of Cassibile
4631:Battle of Dutch Harbor
4582:Battle of the Java Sea
4485:Attack on Pearl Harbor
4385:Syria–Lebanon campaign
4378:Battle of South Shanxi
4348:Invasion of Yugoslavia
4131:Battle of the Atlantic
3745:Korean Liberation Army
3458:(until September 1943)
3415:(until September 1944)
3393:(until September 1944)
916:
747:, the force comprised
657:
192:Commanders and leaders
4993:Second Battle of Guam
4889:Bengal famine of 1943
4859:Second Battle of Kiev
4815:Battle of the Dnieper
4520:Battle of Wake Island
4392:East African campaign
4334:Battle of South Henan
3979:atrocities by Germans
3752:Korean Volunteer Army
2733:Occupation of Germany
2487:Music in World War II
937:anti-aircraft cruiser
926:Landing Craft Assault
910:
893:Noel Beresford-Peirse
889:2nd Armoured Division
885:Michael Gambier-Parry
879:. Lieutenant-General
800:Operation Sonnenblume
659:Sonderkommando Blaich
282:Casualties and losses
5279:Surrender of Germany
4757:Battle of West Hubei
4714:Guadalcanal campaign
4684:Battle of Stalingrad
4610:Battle of Madagascar
3384:Albania protectorate
3171:(formerly Swaziland)
2880:Wehrmacht war crimes
2696:Expulsion of Germans
2480:Art and World War II
2378:British contribution
2327:Governments in exile
1015:Western Desert Force
816:(Lieutenant-General
728:In January 1941, an
230:A Battalion Layforce
5369:Potsdam Declaration
5258:Italy (Spring 1945)
5021:Liberation of Paris
4478:Siege of Sevastopol
3496:(until August 1944)
3399:Wang Jingwei regime
3221:from September 1943
3181:from September 1944
3119:from September 1944
2979:Romanian war crimes
2970:Persecution of Jews
2956:Croatian war crimes
2926:Japanese war crimes
2740:Occupation of Japan
2689:First Indochina War
2401:Military production
2313:Declarations of war
1396:BARDIA NORTH AFRICA
924:on four beaches by
922:Royal Tank Regiment
887:, commander of the
707:Royal Tank Regiment
606:Associated articles
101: /
5362:Surrender of Japan
5195:Battle of Iwo Jima
5044:Belgrade offensive
4457:Siege of Leningrad
4341:Battle of Shanggao
4270:British Somaliland
4235:Dunkirk evacuation
4186:Norwegian campaign
4124:Invasion of Poland
3951:Japanese prisoners
2919:Italian war crimes
2850:British war crimes
2765:Soviet occupations
2549:South-West Pacific
2436:Allied cooperation
2394:Military equipment
1231:New Media Language
1189:, pp. 35, 39.
935:, escorted by the
917:
205:Lieutenant Colonel
5474:April 1941 events
5449:Conflicts in 1941
5436:
5435:
5394:
5393:
5237:Battle of Okinawa
5136:Burma (1944–1945)
4970:Mariana and Palau
4750:Tunisian campaign
4575:Fall of Singapore
4499:Fall of Hong Kong
4242:Battle of Britain
4095:Operation Himmler
4004:
4003:
3668:Dutch East Indies
3311:Southern Rhodesia
3063:
3062:
2963:Genocide of Serbs
2866:German war crimes
2843:Soviet war crimes
2836:Allied war crimes
2682:Division of Korea
2661:Chinese Civil War
2459:Strategic bombing
2371:Manhattan Project
2145:
2144:
2132:British Commandos
1339:978-1-4067-5957-0
1213:, pp. 62–63.
1201:, pp. 16–17.
1093:, pp. 15–20.
992:artillery battery
806:Operation Compass
711:artillery battery
691:British Commandos
669:
668:
349:Invasion of Egypt
298:
297:
128:
127:
105:31.767°N 25.100°E
16:(Redirected from
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5412:World portal
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5265:Battle of Berlin
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5188:Battle of Manila
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4913:
4891:
4882:
4875:
4868:
4861:
4854:
4847:
4840:
4831:
4824:
4817:
4810:
4801:
4794:
4787:
4780:
4773:
4771:Bombing of Gorky
4766:
4759:
4752:
4732:
4725:
4716:
4709:
4702:
4693:
4686:
4679:
4672:
4661:
4654:
4647:
4640:
4638:Battle of Midway
4633:
4626:
4624:Battle of Gazala
4619:
4612:
4605:
4598:
4591:
4584:
4577:
4557:
4550:
4543:
4536:
4534:Battle of Borneo
4529:
4527:Malayan campaign
4522:
4515:
4508:
4501:
4494:
4487:
4480:
4473:
4471:Bombing of Gorky
4466:
4464:Battle of Moscow
4459:
4452:
4445:
4438:
4431:
4424:
4408:
4401:
4394:
4387:
4380:
4373:
4364:
4357:
4350:
4343:
4336:
4316:
4307:
4300:
4293:
4286:
4279:
4272:
4265:
4258:
4251:
4244:
4237:
4230:
4228:Battle of France
4223:
4216:
4209:
4202:
4195:
4188:
4168:
4161:
4154:
4147:
4140:
4133:
4126:
4104:
4097:
4090:
4083:
4081:Munich Agreement
4076:
4069:
4060:
4053:
4046:
4037:
4030:
4015:
3997:
3990:
3981:
3974:
3967:
3966:Soviet prisoners
3960:
3953:
3946:
3937:
3930:
3921:
3914:
3907:
3906:German prisoners
3902:
3882:
3873:
3866:
3859:
3854:
3847:
3840:
3833:
3826:
3819:
3812:
3805:
3798:
3791:
3784:
3777:
3770:
3763:
3754:
3747:
3740:
3733:
3726:
3719:
3712:
3705:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3677:
3670:
3663:
3656:
3649:
3642:
3635:
3628:
3608:
3601:
3594:
3587:
3580:
3573:
3566:
3559:
3552:
3545:
3538:
3518:
3511:
3504:
3497:
3489:
3482:
3475:
3466:
3459:
3451:
3444:
3442:French Indochina
3437:
3430:
3423:
3416:
3408:
3401:
3394:
3386:
3366:
3357:
3350:
3341:
3334:
3327:
3320:
3313:
3306:
3299:
3292:
3289:from August 1944
3280:
3273:
3266:
3259:
3252:
3245:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3212:
3205:
3198:
3191:
3184:
3172:
3164:
3157:
3150:
3143:
3136:
3129:
3122:
3110:
3103:
3096:
3089:
3074:
3054:
3047:
3040:
3033:
3026:
3015:
3000:
2993:
2986:
2981:
2972:
2965:
2958:
2949:
2942:
2935:
2933:Nanjing Massacre
2928:
2921:
2912:
2910:Nuremberg trials
2903:
2896:
2889:
2882:
2875:
2868:
2859:
2852:
2845:
2838:
2818:
2811:
2804:
2795:
2788:
2781:
2774:
2767:
2760:
2751:
2742:
2735:
2728:
2721:
2712:
2705:
2698:
2691:
2684:
2677:
2670:
2663:
2643:
2634:
2627:
2620:
2611:
2604:
2597:
2590:
2581:
2574:
2567:
2558:
2551:
2544:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2516:
2514:Asia and Pacific
2496:
2489:
2482:
2475:
2468:
2461:
2454:
2445:
2443:Mulberry harbour
2438:
2431:
2424:
2417:
2410:
2403:
2396:
2389:
2380:
2373:
2366:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2308:
2301:
2294:
2285:
2278:
2263:
2251:
2244:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2214:
2207:
2200:
2193:
2172:
2165:
2158:
2149:
1430:
1423:
1416:
1407:
1384:
1374:
1360:
1343:
1317:
1295:
1276:
1255:
1246:
1234:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1094:
1088:
997:prisoners of war
830:Battle of Greece
826:Operation Lustre
818:Richard O'Connor
810:Archibald Wavell
695:Second World War
662:
336:
334:
324:
317:
310:
301:
216:
215:
203:
202:
187:
183:
181:
180:
170:
168:
167:
157:
155:
154:
145:
143:
142:
116:
115:
113:
112:
111:
106:
102:
99:
98:
97:
94:
70:19/20 April 1941
64:
63:
56:
46:Second World War
32:
21:
5494:
5493:
5489:
5488:
5487:
5485:
5484:
5483:
5459:Siege of Tobruk
5439:
5438:
5437:
5432:
5425:
5418:
5404:
5402:
5390:
5381:
5374:
5367:
5360:
5351:
5344:
5337:
5328:
5323:Atomic bombings
5321:
5314:
5307:
5300:
5293:
5284:
5277:
5270:
5263:
5256:
5249:
5242:
5235:
5228:
5221:
5214:
5207:
5200:
5193:
5186:
5179:
5166:
5159:
5148:
5141:
5134:
5125:
5118:
5111:
5104:
5097:
5090:
5081:
5072:
5065:
5056:
5049:
5042:
5035:
5026:
5019:
5014:Eastern Romania
5012:
5007:Warsaw Uprising
5005:
5000:Tannenberg Line
4998:
4991:
4986:Western Ukraine
4984:
4975:
4968:
4959:
4950:
4941:
4934:
4927:
4916:
4907:
4894:
4887:
4878:
4871:
4864:
4857:
4850:
4843:
4836:
4827:
4820:
4813:
4804:
4797:
4790:
4783:
4778:Battle of Kursk
4776:
4769:
4762:
4755:
4748:
4735:
4728:
4719:
4712:
4705:
4696:
4689:
4682:
4675:
4666:
4657:
4650:
4643:
4636:
4629:
4622:
4615:
4608:
4601:
4594:
4589:St Nazaire Raid
4587:
4580:
4573:
4560:
4553:
4546:
4539:
4532:
4525:
4518:
4511:
4504:
4497:
4490:
4483:
4476:
4469:
4462:
4455:
4448:
4441:
4434:
4427:
4413:
4404:
4397:
4390:
4383:
4376:
4371:Anglo-Iraqi War
4369:
4362:Battle of Crete
4360:
4353:
4346:
4339:
4332:
4319:
4310:
4303:
4296:
4291:Eastern Romania
4289:
4282:
4275:
4268:
4261:
4254:
4247:
4240:
4233:
4226:
4219:
4212:
4205:
4198:
4191:
4184:
4171:
4164:
4157:
4150:
4143:
4136:
4129:
4122:
4109:
4100:
4093:
4086:
4079:
4072:
4065:
4056:
4049:
4042:
4033:
4026:
4000:
3993:
3986:
3977:
3970:
3965:
3956:
3949:
3942:
3933:
3926:
3917:
3910:
3905:
3898:
3885:
3878:
3869:
3862:
3857:
3852:Western Ukraine
3850:
3843:
3836:
3829:
3822:
3815:
3808:
3801:
3796:Northeast China
3794:
3787:
3780:
3773:
3766:
3759:
3750:
3743:
3736:
3729:
3722:
3715:
3708:
3701:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3645:
3638:
3631:
3624:
3611:
3604:
3597:
3590:
3583:
3576:
3569:
3562:
3555:
3548:
3541:
3534:
3521:
3514:
3507:
3502:Slovak Republic
3500:
3492:
3485:
3478:
3473:Empire of Japan
3471:
3462:
3454:
3447:
3440:
3433:
3426:
3419:
3411:
3404:
3397:
3389:
3382:
3369:
3362:
3353:
3346:
3337:
3330:
3323:
3316:
3309:
3302:
3295:
3283:
3276:
3269:
3262:
3255:
3248:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3215:
3208:
3201:
3194:
3187:
3175:
3167:
3160:
3153:
3146:
3139:
3132:
3125:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3059:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3029:
3018:
3003:
2996:
2989:
2985:Sexual violence
2984:
2977:
2968:
2961:
2954:
2945:
2938:
2931:
2924:
2917:
2908:
2899:
2892:
2885:
2878:
2871:
2864:
2855:
2848:
2841:
2834:
2821:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2791:
2784:
2777:
2770:
2763:
2754:
2745:
2738:
2731:
2724:
2715:
2708:
2703:Greek Civil War
2701:
2694:
2687:
2680:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2646:
2639:
2630:
2623:
2616:
2607:
2600:
2593:
2586:
2577:
2570:
2563:
2554:
2547:
2540:
2533:
2528:South-East Asia
2526:
2519:
2512:
2499:
2492:
2485:
2478:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2450:
2441:
2434:
2427:
2420:
2413:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2387:Military awards
2385:
2376:
2369:
2362:
2353:
2346:
2339:
2332:
2325:
2318:
2311:
2304:
2297:
2290:
2281:
2274:
2254:
2247:
2240:
2231:
2224:
2217:
2212:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2181:
2176:
2146:
2141:
2123:
1439:
1434:
1392:
1387:
1365:Wilmot, Chester
1363:
1346:
1340:
1320:
1314:
1298:
1292:
1279:
1273:
1260:
1249:
1243:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1209:
1205:
1197:
1193:
1185:
1181:
1173:
1169:
1161:
1157:
1149:
1145:
1137:
1133:
1125:
1121:
1113:
1109:
1101:
1097:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1059:
1040:
1020:Battle of Crete
1010:
1005:
905:
877:besieged Tobruk
804:In early 1941,
802:
796:
789:
777:No. 52 Commando
773:No. 50 Commando
726:
720:
672:
671:
670:
665:
617:Devil's gardens
603:
483:2nd Bir el Gubi
473:1st Bir el Gubi
337:
332:
330:
328:
293:
288:
271:
264:
257:
250:
243:
236:
232:
210:
197:
178:
176:
175:
174:
165:
163:
152:
150:
149:
140:
138:
109:
107:
103:
100:
95:
92:
90:
88:
87:
86:
57:
42:Siege of Tobruk
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5492:
5490:
5482:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5441:
5440:
5434:
5433:
5431:
5430:
5423:
5416:
5399:
5396:
5395:
5392:
5391:
5389:
5388:
5387:
5386:
5379:
5372:
5358:
5357:
5356:
5342:
5339:South Sakhalin
5335:
5334:
5333:
5319:
5312:
5305:
5298:
5291:
5290:
5289:
5275:
5268:
5261:
5254:
5247:
5240:
5233:
5226:
5219:
5212:
5205:
5198:
5191:
5184:
5176:
5174:
5168:
5167:
5165:
5164:
5157:
5156:
5155:
5139:
5132:
5131:
5130:
5116:
5109:
5102:
5095:
5088:
5079:
5070:
5063:
5054:
5047:
5040:
5033:
5024:
5017:
5010:
5003:
4996:
4989:
4982:
4973:
4966:
4957:
4948:
4939:
4932:
4925:
4914:
4904:
4902:
4896:
4895:
4893:
4892:
4885:
4884:
4883:
4876:
4862:
4855:
4848:
4841:
4834:
4833:
4832:
4818:
4811:
4802:
4795:
4788:
4781:
4774:
4767:
4764:Battle of Attu
4760:
4753:
4745:
4743:
4737:
4736:
4734:
4733:
4726:
4717:
4710:
4703:
4694:
4687:
4680:
4673:
4664:
4663:
4662:
4655:
4641:
4634:
4627:
4620:
4613:
4606:
4599:
4592:
4585:
4578:
4570:
4568:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4551:
4544:
4537:
4530:
4523:
4516:
4513:Battle of Guam
4509:
4502:
4495:
4488:
4481:
4474:
4467:
4460:
4453:
4446:
4439:
4436:Battle of Kiev
4432:
4425:
4411:
4410:
4409:
4395:
4388:
4381:
4374:
4367:
4366:
4365:
4351:
4344:
4337:
4329:
4327:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4317:
4308:
4301:
4294:
4287:
4280:
4273:
4266:
4259:
4252:
4245:
4238:
4231:
4224:
4217:
4210:
4203:
4196:
4189:
4181:
4179:
4173:
4172:
4170:
4169:
4162:
4155:
4148:
4141:
4134:
4127:
4119:
4117:
4111:
4110:
4108:
4107:
4106:
4105:
4098:
4091:
4084:
4077:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4054:
4040:
4039:
4038:
4023:
4021:
4012:
4006:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3998:
3991:
3984:
3983:
3982:
3975:
3963:
3962:
3961:
3947:
3940:
3939:
3938:
3935:United Kingdom
3931:
3924:
3923:
3922:
3903:
3895:
3893:
3887:
3886:
3884:
3883:
3876:
3875:
3874:
3867:
3855:
3848:
3841:
3834:
3827:
3820:
3813:
3806:
3799:
3792:
3785:
3778:
3771:
3764:
3757:
3756:
3755:
3748:
3734:
3727:
3720:
3713:
3706:
3699:
3692:
3685:
3678:
3671:
3664:
3657:
3650:
3643:
3636:
3629:
3621:
3619:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3609:
3602:
3595:
3588:
3581:
3574:
3567:
3560:
3553:
3546:
3539:
3531:
3529:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3512:
3505:
3498:
3490:
3483:
3476:
3469:
3468:
3467:
3452:
3445:
3438:
3431:
3424:
3417:
3409:
3402:
3395:
3387:
3379:
3377:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3339:British Empire
3332:United Kingdom
3328:
3321:
3314:
3307:
3300:
3293:
3281:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3253:
3246:
3239:
3232:
3225:
3213:
3206:
3199:
3192:
3185:
3173:
3165:
3158:
3151:
3148:Czechoslovakia
3144:
3137:
3130:
3123:
3111:
3104:
3097:
3090:
3082:
3080:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3055:
3048:
3045:Rape of Manila
3041:
3034:
3027:
3016:
3001:
2994:
2982:
2975:
2974:
2973:
2966:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2922:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2897:
2883:
2876:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2853:
2846:
2831:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2816:United Nations
2812:
2805:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2789:
2782:
2775:
2761:
2752:
2743:
2736:
2729:
2722:
2713:
2706:
2699:
2692:
2685:
2678:
2675:Decolonization
2671:
2664:
2656:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2621:
2614:
2613:
2612:
2605:
2598:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2575:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2552:
2545:
2538:
2531:
2524:
2509:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2469:
2462:
2455:
2448:
2447:
2446:
2439:
2425:
2418:
2411:
2404:
2397:
2390:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2367:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2351:
2348:United Kingdom
2344:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2271:
2269:
2260:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2245:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2229:
2222:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2194:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2167:
2160:
2152:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2134:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2114:
2109:
2102:
2095:
2088:
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1300:Playfair, Ian
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1235:. Routledge.
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1212:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1199:Chappell 1996
1195:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1180:
1177:, p. 16.
1176:
1175:Chappell 1996
1171:
1168:
1165:, p. 53.
1164:
1159:
1156:
1153:, p. 15.
1152:
1151:Chappell 1996
1147:
1144:
1140:
1139:Playfair 2004
1135:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1120:
1117:, p. 65.
1116:
1111:
1108:
1105:, p. 52.
1104:
1103:Saunders 1959
1099:
1096:
1092:
1091:Chappell 1996
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1074:
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1049:Life Magazine
1045:
1038:Commemoration
1037:
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1025:
1021:
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973:friendly fire
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738:Mediterranean
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627:Maletti Group
625:
623:
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612:Frontier Wire
610:
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592:Outpost Snipe
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44:, during the
43:
38:
33:
19:
5420:Bibliography
5403:
5216:Project Hula
5181:Vistula–Oder
5150:
5083:
5074:
5058:
5028:
4977:
4961:
4952:
4943:
4909:
4806:
4721:
4697:
4667:
4418:
4311:
4256:North Africa
3958:Soviet Union
3912:Soviet Union
3838:Soviet Union
3606:Vatican City
3516:Vichy France
3421:German Reich
3318:Soviet Union
3304:South Africa
3297:Sierra Leone
3250:Newfoundland
3069:Participants
3052:Marocchinate
2756:
2747:
2717:
2595:North Africa
2556:Indian Ocean
2415:Nazi plunder
2306:Cryptography
2179:World War II
2117:
2112:Twin Pimples
2105:
2098:
2091:
2084:
2077:
2072:Sidi Haneish
2065:
2058:
2051:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2009:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1967:
1960:
1953:
1946:
1939:
1932:
1925:
1918:
1911:
1904:
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1673:
1666:
1660:Cold Comfort
1659:
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1638:
1633:Litani River
1626:
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1098:
1086:
1047:
1044:Evelyn Waugh
1041:
1032:British Army
1011:
988:
978:
968:
963:
957:
951:
941:
931:
918:
912:
881:Philip Neame
866:
859:
853:
850:Erwin Rommel
846:Afrika Korps
845:
842:Afrika Korps
837:
834:Adolf Hitler
803:
792:
729:
727:
687:North Africa
678:
675:
673:
637:Babini Group
622:Fort Capuzzo
605:
604:
585:
578:
564:
557:
550:
543:
531:Sidi Haneish
521:Mersa Matruh
497:
490:
489:
466:
459:
452:
445:
438:
431:Twin Pimples
425:
421:Tobruk siege
414:
373:
372:
366:Sidi Barrani
354:
343:
274:
267:
260:
253:
246:
239:
218:Erwin Rommel
133:Belligerents
40:Part of the
5151:Bodenplatte
5037:Gothic Line
4263:West Africa
3810:Philippines
3789:Netherlands
3654:Czech lands
3592:Switzerland
3536:Afghanistan
3487:Philippines
3355:Puerto Rico
3271:Philippines
3257:New Zealand
3243:Netherlands
3196:Free France
2947:Prosecution
2748:Osoaviakhim
2618:West Africa
2602:East Africa
2249:Conferences
2099:Thistledown
1877:Houndsworth
1519:Abercrombie
1401:Bardia Raid
1115:Wilmot 1944
1042:The author
824:as part of
781:Axis powers
652:Baggush Box
573:2nd Alamein
526:1st Alamein
514:Tobruk 1942
415:Sonnenblume
387:Tobruk 1941
289:70 captured
108: /
18:Bardia raid
5443:Categories
5251:West Hunan
5084:Pointblank
4420:Silver Fox
4406:Summer War
4159:Winter War
4138:Phoney War
3919:Azerbaijan
3880:Yugoslavia
3775:Luxembourg
3617:Resistance
3364:Yugoslavia
3229:Luxembourg
3031:Sook Ching
2827:War crimes
2429:Technology
2422:Opposition
2364:Lend-Lease
2341:Australian
2334:Home front
2292:Blitzkrieg
2242:Casualties
2233:Commanders
2205:Operations
2045:Roundabout
2010:Postmaster
1849:Gunnerside
1800:Fahrenheit
1463:Ambassador
1449:Abstention
1220:References
1211:Carey 2003
1127:Bauer 2000
950:HMAS
947:destroyers
869:El Agheila
814:XIII Corps
718:Background
642:Combeforce
632:Camouflage
599:El Agheila
538:Alam Halfa
509:Bir Hakeim
426:2nd Bardia
382:1st Bardia
266:HMAS
259:HMAS
252:HMAS
5316:Manchuria
5202:Indochina
4978:Bagration
4429:Lithuania
4074:Anschluss
3871:Viet Minh
3768:Lithuania
3710:Hong Kong
3480:Manchukuo
3435:Azad Hind
3094:Australia
2894:Aftermath
2757:Paperclip
2652:Aftermath
2452:Total war
2320:Diplomacy
2283:In Europe
2085:Speedwell
2059:Saxifrage
2017:Partridge
1968:Narcissus
1954:Musketoon
1891:Infatuate
1884:Huckaback
1730:Driftwood
1716:Checkmate
1639:Candytuft
1603:Barricade
1589:Bulbasket
1526:Acid Drop
1456:Agreement
1357:878525272
1079:Footnotes
1003:Aftermath
984:submarine
977:HMS
940:HMS
930:HMS
544:Agreement
478:Point 175
453:Battleaxe
397:Beda Fomm
273:HMS
245:HMS
238:HMS
234:RTR Troop
159:Australia
84:Cyrenaica
5427:Category
5376:document
5286:document
5143:Ardennes
5127:Budapest
5075:Crossbow
4953:Overlord
4792:Smolensk
4010:Timeline
3845:Slovakia
3831:Thailand
3682:Ethiopia
3647:Bulgaria
3571:Portugal
3509:Thailand
3391:Bulgaria
3169:Eswatini
3162:Ethiopia
3115:Bulgaria
2940:Unit 731
2901:Response
2718:Keelhaul
2668:Cold War
2641:Americas
2632:timeline
2625:Atlantic
2505:Theaters
2092:Tarbrush
1961:Myrmidon
1926:Keystone
1870:Hawthorn
1856:Hardtack
1835:Gauntlet
1793:Freshman
1786:Frankton
1772:Exporter
1758:Deep Cut
1702:Crackers
1674:Colossus
1653:Claymore
1646:Chestnut
1627:Branford
1614:Hill 170
1540:Astrakan
1484:Aquatint
1367:(1944).
1057:See also
1008:Analysis
969:en route
964:Waterhen
945:and the
942:Coventry
932:Glengyle
913:Glengyle
767:and the
724:Layforce
703:Layforce
586:Braganza
460:Crusader
446:Skorpion
407:Giarabub
287:1 killed
268:Waterhen
247:Coventry
240:Glengyle
224:Strength
75:Location
5353:Shumshu
5120:Hungary
5067:Estonia
5051:Lapland
5029:Dragoon
4962:Neptune
4944:Ichi-Go
4910:Tempest
4852:Changde
4807:Cottage
4699:Jubilee
4415:Finland
4313:Compass
4019:Prelude
3972:Finland
3858:Vietnam
3824:Romania
3696:Germany
3675:Estonia
3661:Denmark
3640:Belgium
3633:Austria
3626:Albania
3557:Ireland
3543:Andorra
3527:Neutral
3494:Romania
3428:Hungary
3413:Finland
3285:Romania
3177:Finland
3155:Denmark
3101:Belgium
3087:Algeria
2793:Romania
2779:Hungary
2535:Pacific
2259:General
2213:Leaders
2198:Battles
2191:Outline
2118:Wallace
2106:Tombola
2078:Sunstar
2066:Savanna
2052:Rumford
2003:Opossum
1947:Manacle
1905:Jubilee
1898:Jaywick
1821:Foxrock
1814:Farrier
1779:Flipper
1751:Dunhill
1723:Chopper
1688:Chariot
1681:Cartoon
1620:Bristle
1582:Begonia
1533:Albumen
1512:Archway
1505:Amherst
1477:Archery
1381:3468669
1024:Lebanon
979:Triumph
975:caused
958:Voyager
828:in the
787:Prelude
742:Colonel
676:Raid on
579:Bertram
558:Caravan
498:Acrobat
467:Flipper
439:Brevity
392:Mechili
361:Nibeiwa
355:Compass
275:Triumph
261:Voyager
172:Germany
96:25°06′E
93:31°46′N
5330:Debate
5302:Taipei
5295:Borneo
4873:Tarawa
4067:Europe
4028:Africa
3817:Poland
3803:Norway
3782:Malaya
3761:Latvia
3703:Greece
3689:France
3585:Sweden
3550:Bhutan
3278:Poland
3264:Norway
3236:Mexico
3203:Greece
3189:France
3127:Canada
3108:Brazil
3078:Allies
3024:Serbia
3013:Poland
2786:Poland
2772:Baltic
2565:Europe
2267:Topics
2219:Allied
2024:Pistol
1989:Nicety
1982:Newton
1975:Nelson
1933:Loyton
1919:Kitbag
1842:Grouse
1807:Forfar
1695:Canuck
1667:Collar
1609:Bardia
1596:Brandy
1575:Batman
1568:Bigamy
1561:Biting
1554:Basalt
1547:Baobab
1491:Aflame
1470:Anklet
1379:
1355:
1336:
1310:
1288:
1269:
1239:
982:, the
952:Stuart
897:Bardia
873:Sollum
861:Ariete
855:Trento
822:Greece
769:Folbot
730:ad hoc
683:Bardia
679:Bardia
565:Nicety
551:Bigamy
504:Gazala
254:Stuart
207:Colvin
182:
169:
156:
144:
121:Result
80:Bardia
5106:Leyte
4936:Narva
4922:Anzio
4880:Makin
4838:Burma
4722:Torch
4691:Rzhev
4652:Kiska
3738:Korea
3724:Japan
3717:Italy
3599:Tibet
3578:Spain
3456:Italy
3217:Italy
3210:India
3134:China
3009:Japan
2609:Italy
2521:China
2473:Women
2038:Roast
2031:Rimau
1940:Maple
1863:Hardy
1765:Devon
1744:Defoe
1737:Dryad
1709:Chess
1498:Anglo
971:when
820:) to
763:from
761:troop
402:Kufra
185:Italy
5172:1945
4900:1944
4741:1943
4669:Blue
4659:Attu
4566:1942
4325:1941
4177:1940
4115:1939
4044:Asia
3891:POWs
3731:Jews
3449:Iraq
3375:Axis
3325:Tuva
3141:Cuba
2226:Axis
1996:Noah
1828:Gaff
1377:OCLC
1353:OCLC
1334:ISBN
1330:HMSO
1308:ISBN
1286:ISBN
1267:ISBN
1237:ISBN
961:and
911:HMS
903:Raid
875:and
858:and
775:and
759:, a
674:The
491:1942
374:1941
344:1940
67:Date
1912:J V
689:by
685:in
5445::
4920:/
1332:.
999:.
955:,
899:.
832:.
755:,
751:,
82:,
4423:)
4417:(
3291:)
3287:(
3223:)
3219:(
3183:)
3179:(
3121:)
3117:(
2171:e
2164:t
2157:v
1429:e
1422:t
1415:v
1359:.
1342:.
1316:.
1294:.
1275:.
1254:.
1245:.
323:e
316:t
309:v
20:)
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