821:
573:. During the tenth year of the reign of the last Belgic monarch, the people of the colony of Tuatha Dé Danann, as the Irish called it, invaded and settled in Ireland. They were divided into three tribes—the tribe of Tuatha who were the nobility, the tribe of De who were the priests (those devoted to serving God or De) and the tribe of Danann, who were the bards. This account of the Tuatha Dé Danann must be considered legendary; however the story was an integral part of the oral history of Irish bards themselves. One of the most notable bards in Irish mythology was
40:
1850:
1012:
317:
341:, the bards were an "ancient Celtic order of minstrel-poets, whose primary function appears to have been to compose and sing (usually to the harp) verses celebrating the achievements of chiefs and warriors, and who committed to verse historical and traditional facts, religious precepts, laws, genealogies, etc."
433:
societies. The pre-Christian Celtic people recorded no written histories; however, Celtic peoples did maintain an intricate oral history committed to memory and transmitted by bards and filid. Bards facilitated the memorization of such materials by the use of
805:
Several published research studies into the Welsh bardic tradition have been published. They include
Williams (1850), Parry-Williams (1947), Morgan (1983) and Jones (1986). Doubtless research studies have also been published in the current century.
611:. Members of the family were also recorded as musicians in the early 16th century, and as clergymen possibly as early as the early 15th century. The last of the family to practise classical Gaelic poetry was Domhnall MacMhuirich, who lived on
541:
The bardic system lasted until the mid-17th century in
Ireland and the early 18th century in Scotland. In Ireland, their fortunes had always been linked to the Gaelic aristocracy, which declined along with them during the
820:
752:
in 1857, as a way of encoded resistance to the suppressive politics of his own time. However, the poetic and musical traditions were continued throughout the Middle Ages, e.g., by noted 14th-century poets
711:
as they developed from the 13th century. The (Welsh) Laws of Hywel Dda, originally compiled around 900, identify a bard as a member of a king's household. His duties, when the bodyguard were sharing out
1539:
1358:
979:
As of 2020, an online trend to cover modern songs using medieval style musical instruments and composition, including rewriting the lyrics in a medieval style, is known as
595:
The best-known group of bards in
Scotland were the members of the MacMhuirich family, who flourished from the 15th to the 18th centuries. The family was centred in the
96:
are respectively known as "the Bard of Avon" (often simply "the Bard") and "the Bard of Bengal". In 16th-century
Scotland, it turned into a derogatory term for an
1618:
549:
The early history of the bards can be known only indirectly through mythological stories. The first mention of the bardic profession in
Ireland is found in the
477:, bards were a lesser class of poets, not eligible for higher poetic roles as described above. However, it has also been argued that the distinction between
1756:
429:) were those who sang the songs recalling the tribal warriors' deeds of bravery as well as the genealogies and family histories of the ruling strata among
1535:
599:, and claimed descent from a 13th-century Irish bard who, according to legend, was exiled to Scotland. The family was at first chiefly employed by the
1786:
260:
1588:
Morgan, Prys (1983). "From a death to a view::The hunt for the Welsh past in the
Romantic period". In Hobsbawm, Eric; Ranger, Terence (eds.).
3304:
3014:
1815:
1704:
1492:
231:
3299:
830:
1120:
960:
603:
as poets, lawyers, and physicians. With the fall of the
Lordship of the Isles in the 15th century, the family was chiefly employed by the
534:
1682:
1660:
1458:
1411:
1849:
1513:
1478:
1333:
516:, among other conventions. As officials of the court of king or chieftain, they performed a number of official roles. They were
3264:
924:
From its
Romanticist usage, the notion of the bard as a minstrel with qualities of a priest, magician or seer also entered the
699:
may be legendary reflections of historical bards active in the 6th and 7th centuries. Very little historical information about
950:
524:
whose job it was to praise their employers and damn those who crossed them. It was believed that a well-aimed bardic satire,
3259:
825:
731:
3324:
3309:
3279:
1779:
1165:
1031:
929:
777:
608:
253:
639:
937:
638:) is a local poet who composes works in a traditional style relating to that community. Notable village bards include
414:
has been reconstructed by comparison of the position of poets in medieval
Ireland and in ancient India in particular.
411:
39:
3289:
3284:
3274:
3269:
2906:
1399:
672:
662:
648:
590:
543:
338:
58:
2506:
489:
were more associated with the church. By the Early Modern Period, these names came to be used interchangeably.
3314:
1448:
1036:
795:
720:
of
Britain—possibly why the genealogies of the British high kings survived into the written historical record.
631:
141:
3191:
3166:
2926:
550:
77:
or chieftain) to commemorate one or more of the patron's ancestors and to praise the patron's own activities.
643:
2406:
1772:
1062:
973:
965:
680:
2896:
1692:
791:
787:
256:
2426:
1826:
945:
331:
226:
149:
133:
31:
1293:
933:
2979:
3294:
3004:
1721:
2441:
1603:
Jones, Bedwyr L (1986). "The Welsh Bardic Tradition". In Evans, Ellis D.; Griffith, John G. (eds.).
3319:
3196:
2436:
1884:
1809:
1041:
860:
848:
842:
676:
604:
574:
554:
291:
93:
89:
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2348:
1387:
1135:
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185:
3037:
2989:
2961:
2936:
2916:
2673:
2535:
2356:
1913:
1670:
776:
Wales in the twentieth century is a leading Celtic upholder of the bardic tradition. The annual
2999:
2946:
2881:
2106:
2871:
2788:
2496:
2168:
1907:
1903:
1864:
1700:
1678:
1656:
1529:
1488:
1454:
1407:
969:
837:
From its frequent use in romanticism, 'The Bard' became attached as a title to various poets
704:
578:
299:
2386:
2376:
1879:
2971:
2876:
2863:
2361:
2144:
2126:
1918:
1648:
754:
708:
688:
619:
165:
125:
121:
2278:
2023:
1653:
Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: Une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental
2283:
955:
684:
668:
496:
of highly trained, learned poets. The bards were steeped in the history and traditions of
468:
357:
461:
In medieval Ireland, bards were one of two distinct groups of poets, the other being the
3329:
3254:
2931:
2411:
2248:
2163:
2093:
1945:
1426:
1182:
1082:
997:
912:
898:
884:
866:
749:
700:
501:
473:
435:
365:
283:
66:
703:
court tradition survives, but the Middle Welsh material came to be the nucleus of the
3248:
3151:
2545:
2333:
1745:
1484:
1017:
770:
456:
157:
81:
47:
1750:
1267:
500:
and country, as well as in the technical requirements of a verse technique that was
3156:
3124:
2956:
2471:
2391:
2183:
2018:
1820:
1474:
1391:
1359:"Divided Gaels: Gaelic cultural identities in Scotland and Ireland c. 1200–c. 1650"
894:
854:
724:
513:
219:
101:
62:
1026:
815:
376:. If the employer failed to pay the proper amount, the bard would then compose a
3062:
2396:
2238:
2158:
2140:
2078:
2058:
1832:
908:
717:
533:
236:
3206:
3119:
3042:
2753:
2623:
2613:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2563:
2553:
2529:
2486:
2466:
2366:
2338:
2253:
2188:
2152:
2148:
2101:
2083:
2063:
1978:
1838:
1437:(1), The Journal of the School of Scottish Studies University of Edinburgh: 65
1125:
1103:
1007:
762:
612:
509:
97:
847:'The Bard of Avon,' 'The Immortal Bard' or (in England) simply 'The Bard' is
730:
The royal form of bardic tradition ceased in the 13th century, when the 1282
3221:
3114:
3072:
3047:
3027:
2984:
2886:
2853:
2848:
2813:
2803:
2758:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2723:
2698:
2683:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2573:
2525:
2481:
2416:
2308:
2293:
2213:
2208:
1998:
1993:
1973:
1963:
1928:
1051:
904:
890:
758:
517:
505:
199:
117:
70:
1011:
559:
734:
permanently ended the rule of the Welsh princes. The legendary suicide of
3201:
3171:
3161:
3096:
3091:
3080:
3067:
3057:
2994:
2921:
2891:
2843:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2783:
2773:
2728:
2688:
2618:
2598:
2578:
2558:
2516:
2511:
2501:
2491:
2476:
2371:
2323:
2303:
2258:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2203:
2178:
2121:
2008:
2003:
1983:
1968:
1958:
1403:
1093:
1046:
980:
786:) (which was first held in 1880) is held in which bards are chaired (see
696:
596:
401:
397:
388:
273:
85:
392:). In other Indo-European societies, the same function was fulfilled by
3181:
3106:
3076:
3022:
2951:
2838:
2808:
2798:
2793:
2768:
2748:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2693:
2678:
2608:
2446:
2431:
2381:
2328:
2313:
2298:
2288:
2268:
2263:
2243:
2218:
2173:
2136:
2131:
2116:
2073:
2068:
2048:
2038:
2028:
1988:
1953:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1077:
994:
925:
766:
713:
692:
269:
74:
1511:
that was held at St Julian's School, Newport on 19 March, 2013. See
17:
3211:
3186:
3176:
3129:
3052:
2941:
2778:
2763:
2603:
2568:
2521:
2461:
2451:
2421:
2401:
2318:
2273:
2198:
2193:
2043:
2033:
1738:
1308:
1056:
987:
521:
377:
195:
189:
316:
1605:
Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Celtic Studies
1429:(1968), "Gaelic Learned Orders and Literati in Medieval Scotland",
3235:
3216:
3086:
2648:
2111:
2013:
1923:
1874:
1795:
1130:
1108:
1088:
1067:
819:
570:
532:
493:
439:
393:
369:
349:
345:
315:
38:
1480:
A History of Britain 1: 3000 BC-AD 1603 At the Edge of the World?
3032:
2456:
2053:
1072:
565:
557:(Tribe of Goddess Danu), also called Danonians. They became the
497:
463:
430:
406:
382:
373:
1768:
1619:"Google releases Bard AI chatbot amid competition with chatGPT"
235:('poet-singer, minstrel'), itself derived, with regular Celtic
1161:
1159:
1157:
853:'The Bard of Ayrshire' (or in Scotland, simply 'The Bard') is
798:
is also held annually. And many schools hold their own annual
485:) and bards was a creation of Christian Ireland, and that the
1313:. Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. pp. 3–5
410:, among others. A hereditary caste of professional poets in
1749:
1334:"Druids, Filid & Bards: Custodians of Celtic Tradition"
991:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
761:. Also the tradition of regularly assembling bards at an
239:
1764:
100:
musician; nonetheless it was later romanticised by Sir
765:
never lapsed and was strengthened by formation of the
303:
277:
1569:
Parry-Williams, T.H. (1947). "The Bardic Tradition".
80:
With the decline of a living bardic tradition in the
1741:
Corpus of Electronic Texts, University College Cork.
824:
William Blake's hand painted engraving of his poem "
261:
3142:
3105:
3013:
2970:
2862:
2544:
2347:
2092:
1944:
1937:
1857:
1802:
958:(1984), in video games in fantasy settings such as
1183:"Work of Rabindranath Tagore celebrated in London"
246:
88:or author (especially a famous one). For example,
928:genre in the 1960s to 1980s, for example as the '
1516:. Archived from the original on 10 November 2013
1538:) CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
530:, could raise boils on the face of its target.
368:) was a professional poet, employed to compose
169:
268:, which literally means 'praise-maker'. It is
1780:
1382:
1380:
964:(1985), and in modern literature and TV like
492:Irish bards formed a professional hereditary
8:
1760:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
781:
525:
424:
418:
179:
27:Poet in medieval Gaelic and British culture
1941:
1787:
1773:
1765:
84:, the term has loosened to mean a generic
1396:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia
1230:
1213:
563:(folk of the mound), comparable to Norse
417:Bards (who are not the same as the Irish
198:) in Ancient Greek. It also appears as a
1592:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1554:Williams, John (1850). "Druid stones".
738:(c. 1283), was commemorated in the poem
1675:Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic
1153:
553:, in a story about the Irish colony of
1534:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1527:
537:'Beardna,' a loanword of Celtic origin
1816:Celtic settlement of Southeast Europe
1726:Historical Memoirs of the Irish Bards
7:
1254:
1242:
831:Songs of Innocence and of Experience
442:and other formulaic poetic devices.
290:('grateful, pleasant, delightful'),
1483:(Paperback 2003 ed.). London:
1453:. ABC-CLIO. 2006. pp. 173–74.
723:A large number of Welsh bards were
1607:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
577:, a bard, druid and judge for the
214:(a song to fire soldiers), and in
73:, employed by a patron (such as a
25:
1121:The Bard's Tale (1985 video game)
802:which emulate bardic traditions.
225:All of these terms come from the
174:('jester'). The ancient Gaulish *
1848:
1390:(2006), "Clann MacMhuirich", in
1010:
901:are referred to as 'bush bards'
230:
65:, verse-maker, music composer,
1268:"On Bards, And Bardic Circles"
951:Bard: The Odyssey of the Irish
716:, included the singing of the
1:
1697:Indo-European Poetry and Myth
1032:Bard (Dungeons & Dragons)
915:have also been termed 'bards'
871:'The Bard of Rydal Mount' is
826:The Voice of the Ancient Bard
783:Eisteddfod Genedlaethol Cymru
324:
3305:Culture of medieval Scotland
1166:Oxford Dictionary of English
883:'The Bard of Twickenham' is
778:National Eisteddfod of Wales
190:
3300:Medieval history of Ireland
1699:. Oxford University Press.
412:Proto-Indo-European society
304:
278:
3346:
1728:. New York: Garland, 1971.
1590:The invention of tradition
813:
660:
588:
454:
262:
29:
3230:
1846:
877:'The Bard of Salford' is
673:medieval Welsh literature
663:Medieval Welsh literature
591:MacMhuirich bardic family
339:Oxford English Dictionary
1558:. New Series 1 (1): 1-9.
1037:Bard (League of Legends)
859:'The Bard of Bengal' is
841:'The Bard of Armagh' is
796:Urdd National Eisteddfod
609:MacDonalds of Clanranald
1757:Encyclopædia Britannica
1544:. Accessed 20 June 2013
1450:Celtic Culture: A-Celti
1063:Contention of the bards
974:Lauren Schmidt Hissrich
865:'The Bard of Olney' is
681:White Book of Rhydderch
671:have been preserved in
644:Dòmhnall Ruadh Phàislig
248:
241:
210:('field of the bard'),
170:
153:
137:
3265:Ancient Celtic culture
1556:Archæologia Cambrensis
934:Dungeons & Dragons
834:
792:Category:Crowned bards
788:Category:Chaired bards
782:
640:Dòmhnall Ruadh Chorùna
635:
538:
526:
425:
419:
334:
295:
287:
180:
145:
53:In Celtic cultures, a
50:
1827:First Transalpine War
972:(1986–2013) show by
823:
814:Further information:
667:A number of bards in
661:Further information:
620:Gaelic-speaking areas
615:in the 18th century.
589:Further information:
536:
360:and Irish Gaelic) or
319:
42:
32:Bard (disambiguation)
3260:Occupations in music
337:In the words of the
222:', a singing bird).
30:For other uses, see
3325:Medieval performers
3310:Culture of Cornwall
3280:Scottish literature
1885:Gallo-Roman culture
1810:Battle of the Allia
1739:Irish Bardic Poetry
1388:Clancy, Thomas Owen
1310:Irish Bardic Poetry
1042:Bard (Soviet Union)
861:Rabindranath Tagore
849:William Shakespeare
790:) and crowned (see
677:Red Book of Hergest
467:. According to the
282:('calls, praise'),
254:Proto-Indo-European
94:Rabindranath Tagore
90:William Shakespeare
3167:Basel-Münsterhügel
1507:An example is the
1427:Thomson, Derick S.
1365:. 22 February 2013
1136:Welsh bardic music
1115:The Bards of Wales
1099:Poet as legislator
879:John Cooper Clarke
873:William Wordsworth
835:
741:The Bards of Wales
732:Edwardian conquest
601:Lords of the Isles
539:
335:
188:) in Latin and as
156:('singer, poet'),
51:
3242:
3241:
3138:
3137:
2169:Bituriges Vivisci
1722:Walker, Joseph C.
1706:978-0-19-928075-9
1649:Delamarre, Xavier
1494:978-0-563-48714-2
1294:Uraicecht na Ríar
1291:Breatnach, Liam.
970:Andrzej Sapkowski
705:Matter of Britain
551:Book of Invasions
308:('raise voice').
206:('bard's hood'),
112:The English term
61:and professional
16:(Redirected from
3337:
3290:Welsh folk music
3285:Welsh literature
3275:Irish literature
3270:History of Wales
1942:
1852:
1789:
1782:
1775:
1766:
1761:
1753:
1710:
1688:
1671:Matasović, Ranko
1666:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1571:The Welsh Review
1566:
1560:
1559:
1551:
1545:
1543:
1533:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1431:Scottish Studies
1423:
1417:
1416:
1384:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1307:Bergin, Osborn.
1304:
1298:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1217:
1211:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1179:
1173:
1163:
1020:
1015:
1014:
785:
755:Dafydd ap Gwilym
709:Arthurian legend
689:Book of Taliesin
652:
575:Amergin Glúingel
555:Tuatha Dé Danann
544:Tudor Reconquest
529:
471:text on status,
428:
422:
329:
326:
307:
298:('praise'), and
281:
265:
264:
251:
244:
193:
183:
173:
148:('bard, poet'),
132:('bard, poet'),
122:Celtic languages
21:
3345:
3344:
3340:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3315:Romantic motifs
3245:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3226:
3144:
3134:
3101:
3009:
2966:
2858:
2540:
2343:
2088:
1933:
1914:La Tène culture
1853:
1844:
1798:
1793:
1744:
1735:
1718:
1716:Further reading
1713:
1707:
1693:West, Martin L.
1691:
1685:
1669:
1663:
1647:
1643:
1638:
1637:
1627:
1625:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1526:
1519:
1517:
1514:"Archived copy"
1512:
1506:
1502:
1495:
1487:. p. 170.
1473:
1472:
1468:
1461:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1414:
1406:, p. 453,
1386:
1385:
1378:
1368:
1366:
1363:History Ireland
1357:
1356:
1352:
1342:
1340:
1332:Butler, Craig.
1331:
1330:
1326:
1316:
1314:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1290:
1286:
1276:
1274:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1253:
1249:
1241:
1237:
1229:
1220:
1212:
1201:
1191:
1189:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1164:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1016:
1009:
1006:
961:The Bard's Tale
956:Morgan Llywelyn
922:
920:Popular culture
818:
812:
685:Book of Aneirin
669:Welsh mythology
665:
659:
646:
632:Scottish Gaelic
593:
587:
469:Early Irish law
459:
453:
448:
327:
314:
178:is attested as
142:Scottish Gaelic
110:
59:oral repository
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3343:
3341:
3333:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
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1018:Poetry portal
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736:The Last Bard
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103:
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78:
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56:
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48:Benjamin West
45:
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33:
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3157:Argentomagus
3125:Tolistobogii
2957:Vertamocorii
2507:Vertamocorii
2472:Segovellauni
2392:Budenicenses
2184:Coriosolites
2019:Mediomatrici
1869:
1829:(125–121 BC)
1821:Galatian War
1812:(ca. 387 BC)
1755:
1751:"Bard"
1725:
1696:
1674:
1652:
1641:Bibliography
1626:. Retrieved
1622:
1613:
1604:
1598:
1589:
1583:
1574:
1570:
1564:
1555:
1549:
1518:. Retrieved
1508:
1503:
1479:
1469:
1449:
1443:
1434:
1430:
1421:
1395:
1367:. Retrieved
1362:
1353:
1341:. Retrieved
1338:Irish Empire
1337:
1327:
1315:. Retrieved
1309:
1302:
1292:
1287:
1275:. Retrieved
1271:
1262:
1250:
1238:
1190:. Retrieved
1186:
1177:
1169:
1113:
985:
978:
959:
949:
946:Keith Taylor
941:
923:
895:Henry Lawson
855:Robert Burns
836:
829:
804:
800:eisteddfodau
799:
775:
739:
735:
729:
725:blind people
722:
691:. The bards
675:such as the
666:
628:village poet
627:
624:village bard
623:
617:
594:
569:and British
564:
558:
548:
540:
514:alliteration
491:
486:
482:
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462:
460:
416:
405:
387:
381:
361:
353:
344:In medieval
343:
336:
320:
259:
227:Proto-Celtic
224:
220:crested lark
215:
211:
207:
203:
175:
161:
150:Middle Welsh
134:Middle Irish
129:
113:
111:
102:Walter Scott
79:
63:story teller
54:
52:
43:
36:
3295:Welsh poets
3145:settlements
3063:Hercuniates
2912:Gallianates
2902:Bromanenses
2397:Camactulici
2349:Narbonensis
2239:Nitiobroges
2159:Bodiocasses
2141:Brannovices
2079:Veliocasses
2059:Silvanectes
1833:Gallic Wars
1655:. Errance.
1297:, ca. p. 98
1272:www.pbm.com
966:The Witcher
932:' class in
909:Jim MacCool
889:Australian
750:János Arany
718:sovereignty
647: [
527:glam dicenn
518:chroniclers
352:society, a
332:John Martin
328: 1817
252:, from the
237:sound shift
208:bardo-magus
166:Old Cornish
71:genealogist
3320:Eisteddfod
3249:Categories
3207:Magetobria
3120:Tectosages
3043:Cornacates
3038:Britolagai
2990:Lactorates
2962:Votodrones
2937:Montunates
2917:Gennanates
2754:Savincates
2674:Cosuanetes
2624:Bodiontici
2614:Benacenses
2594:Ausuciates
2589:Aneuniates
2584:Ambisontes
2564:Adunicates
2554:Acitavones
2536:Vulgientes
2530:Tectosages
2487:Tricastini
2467:Segobrigii
2367:Allobroges
2357:Agesinates
2339:Viducasses
2254:Petrocorii
2189:Durocasses
2153:Eburovices
2149:Diablintes
2102:Abrincatui
2084:Viromandui
2064:Suessiones
1979:Caeracates
1839:Roman Gaul
1835:(58–50 BC)
1623:Forbes.com
1509:eisteddfod
1317:8 December
1143:References
1126:Troubadour
1104:Rhapsodist
1085:(Cornwall)
938:Pathfinder
891:bush poets
810:Literature
763:eisteddfod
636:bàrd-baile
613:South Uist
510:half rhyme
455:See also:
292:Lithuanian
46:(1778) by
3222:Vertillum
3197:Entremont
3143:Pre-Roman
3115:Aigosages
3073:Scordisci
3048:Costoboci
3028:Arabiates
3000:Tarusates
2985:Cocosates
2972:Aquitania
2947:Subinates
2887:Arusnates
2882:Anesiates
2864:Cisalpina
2854:Vindelici
2849:Vesubiani
2814:Vediantii
2804:Triulatti
2759:Sebaginni
2744:Rucinates
2739:Quariates
2734:Nemeturii
2724:Nantuates
2699:Graioceli
2684:Eguiturii
2669:Ceutrones
2664:Caturiges
2659:Catubrini
2654:Catenates
2644:Calucones
2639:Brixentes
2634:Brigianii
2629:Brigantii
2574:Ambidravi
2526:Arecomici
2482:Tolosates
2417:Dexivates
2309:Tricasses
2294:Segusiavi
2214:Lemovices
2209:Latobrigi
2107:Ambiliati
1999:Catalauni
1994:Catuslugi
1974:Bellovaci
1964:Atrebates
1929:Vergobret
1904:Cisalpine
1677:. Brill.
1255:West 2007
1243:West 2007
1148:Citations
1052:Cacofonix
1027:Aois-dàna
968:books by
905:Bob Dylan
828:" in the
816:Aois-dàna
773:in 1792.
759:Iolo Goch
746:Hungarian
579:Milesians
522:satirists
506:assonance
504:and used
402:minstrels
398:rhapsodes
120:from the
118:loan word
108:Etymology
98:itinerant
3233:Part of:
3202:Gergovia
3192:Ensérune
3172:Bibracte
3162:Avaricum
3097:Varciani
3092:Taurisci
3081:Celegeri
3068:Latobici
3058:Eravisci
2995:Sotiates
2922:Insubres
2907:Cenomani
2892:Bagienni
2872:Anamares
2844:Vergunni
2834:Vennones
2829:Venostes
2824:Venisami
2819:Velaunii
2789:Suanetes
2784:Sogionti
2774:Segusini
2729:Nemaloni
2689:Gallitae
2619:Bergalei
2599:Avantici
2579:Ambilici
2559:Adanates
2517:Vocontii
2512:Verucini
2502:Tritolli
2497:Tricorii
2492:Tricores
2477:Suelteri
2407:Cenomani
2372:Anatilii
2324:Vellavii
2304:Tigurini
2259:Pictones
2234:Namnetes
2229:Mandubii
2224:Lingones
2204:Helvetii
2179:Carnutes
2145:Cenomani
2122:Andecavi
2009:Eburones
2004:Condrusi
1984:Caeroesi
1969:Atuatuci
1959:Aresaces
1919:Religion
1908:Galatian
1900:Language
1865:Ambactus
1823:(189 BC)
1695:(2007).
1673:(2009).
1651:(2003).
1628:24 April
1530:cite web
1477:(2003).
1404:ABC-CLIO
1187:BBC News
1094:Minstrel
1004:See also
986:In 2023
981:bardcore
976:(2019).
948:(1981),
893:such as
697:Taliesin
687:and the
597:Hebrides
585:Scotland
502:syllabic
481:(pl. of
372:for his
358:Scottish
321:The Bard
300:Armenian
274:Sanskrit
257:compound
212:barditus
86:minstrel
44:The Bard
3182:Cenabum
3107:Galatia
3077:Dindari
3023:Anartes
3005:Vasates
2952:Taurini
2927:Libicii
2839:Veragri
2809:Ucennii
2799:Tebavii
2794:Suetrii
2769:Segovii
2749:Salassi
2719:Medulli
2714:Licates
2709:Ingauni
2704:Iemerii
2694:Genauni
2679:Ecdinii
2609:Belouni
2447:Nearchi
2432:Ligauni
2427:Libicii
2387:Bormani
2382:Avatici
2377:Atacini
2329:Venelli
2314:Tulingi
2299:Sequani
2289:Senones
2284:Santoni
2269:Redones
2264:Rauraci
2249:Parisii
2244:Osismii
2219:Lexovii
2174:Cadurci
2137:Aulerci
2132:Arverni
2117:Ambarri
2094:Celtica
2074:Triboci
2069:Treveri
2049:Paemani
2039:Nemetes
2029:Menapii
1989:Caletes
1954:Ambiani
1946:Belgica
1938:Peoples
1895:Oppidum
1890:Nemeton
1880:Eubages
1858:Culture
1803:History
1520:20 June
1394:(ed.),
1192:15 July
1168:, s.v.
1078:Gorsedd
1059:(India)
995:chatbot
926:fantasy
794:). The
767:Gorsedd
744:by the
693:Aneirin
607:of the
451:Ireland
446:Regions
370:elegies
312:History
279:gṛṇā́ti
270:cognate
232:*bardos
216:bardala
126:Gaulish
75:monarch
3212:Noreia
3187:Cularo
3177:Bibrax
3152:Alesia
3130:Trocmi
3053:Gotini
2942:Orobii
2932:Marici
2877:Anauni
2779:Sentii
2764:Seduni
2604:Belaci
2569:Alauni
2546:Alpina
2522:Volcae
2462:Salyes
2452:Oxybii
2442:Memini
2422:Helvii
2412:Comani
2402:Cavari
2362:Albici
2334:Veneti
2319:Turoni
2274:Ruteni
2199:Gabali
2194:Esuvii
2127:Arouii
2044:Nervii
2034:Morini
1703:
1681:
1659:
1491:
1457:
1410:
1369:8 July
1343:8 July
1277:8 July
1172:, n.1.
1057:Charan
988:Google
683:, the
679:, the
605:chiefs
560:aos sí
431:Celtic
420:filidh
394:skalds
380:(c.f.
378:satire
346:Gaelic
330:), by
305:kardam
288:grātus
191:bárdoi
181:bardus
176:bardos
130:bardo-
57:is an
18:Bardic
3330:Poets
3255:Bards
3236:Celts
3217:Tylis
3087:Serdi
2649:Carni
2279:Sagii
2112:Aedui
2024:Meldi
2014:Leuci
1924:Vātes
1875:Druid
1796:Gauls
1131:Vates
1109:Skald
1089:Griot
1068:Druid
1047:Bhāts
748:poet
714:booty
657:Wales
651:]
571:fairy
494:caste
487:filid
479:filid
440:rhyme
436:metre
407:scops
389:fáith
366:Welsh
362:bardd
350:Welsh
296:gìrti
284:Latin
272:with
247:*
245:>
240:*
229:noun
196:plur.
186:sing.
171:barth
154:bardd
116:is a
3079:and
3033:Boii
2980:Boii
2897:Boii
2528:and
2457:Reii
2054:Remi
1870:Bard
1701:ISBN
1679:ISBN
1657:ISBN
1630:2023
1577:(4).
1540:link
1536:link
1522:2013
1489:ISBN
1455:ISBN
1408:ISBN
1371:2017
1345:2017
1319:2015
1279:2017
1194:2015
1170:bard
1073:Fili
998:Bard
942:Bard
936:and
930:Bard
897:and
757:and
707:and
695:and
642:and
622:, a
566:alfr
520:and
512:and
498:clan
483:fili
464:fili
426:fili
404:and
383:fili
374:lord
354:bard
348:and
200:stem
162:barz
146:bàrd
140:and
138:bard
114:bard
92:and
69:and
55:bard
954:by
944:by
769:by
626:or
618:In
423:or
202:in
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2151:,
2147:,
2143:,
1906:,
1754:.
1724:,
1621:.
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1573:.
1532:}}
1528:{{
1435:12
1433:,
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1398:,
1379:^
1361:.
1336:.
1270:.
1221:^
1202:^
1185:.
1156:^
1000:.
992:AI
983:.
940:,
907:,
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649:gd
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581:.
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508:,
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400:,
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386:,
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242:gʷ
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