44:
518:
70:
1061:
548:. Their growth habits are somewhat variable. Some have solitary stems, others have a "tufted" habit, with multiple stems growing close together. There may be several leaves to a stem or the leaves may be solitary, produced from the base of the plant. Individual leaves are generally compound, often with three leaflets, but also with more. Leaflets usually have spiny margins. The leaves may be annual, making the plant
505:
1723:
1711:
496:. Its clinical effects are unknown. While there is little clinical evidence to date, as sildenafil, vardenafil, and tadalafil – sold under the brand names Viagra, Levitra and Cialis – are all based on (stronger) PDE5 inhibitory action, it is thought to have erectogenic properties and is found in some men's sexual health supplements.
1245:
nor indeed for any other aspect of their culture. The initial assumption that the plants would only thrive where their native conditions could be closely replicated have proven to be overly cautious, as most varieties are proving extraordinarily amenable to general garden and container cultivation.
1564:
Li HF, Guan XY, Ye M, Xiang C, Lin CH, Sun C, Guo DA.,"Qualitative and quantitative analyses of
Epimedium wushanense by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry." J Sep Sci. 2011 May
1236:
for the last 100 to 150 years. There is now a wide array of new
Chinese species being cultivated in the West, many of which have only recently been discovered, and some of which have yet to be named. There are also many older Japanese hybrids and
1649:
1403:
Shindel, Alan W.; Xin, Zhong-Chen; Lin, Guiting; Fandel, Thomas M.; Huang, Yun-Ching; Banie, Lia; Breyer, Benjamin N.; Garcia, Maurice M.; Lin, Ching-Shwun; Lue, Tom F. (April 2010).
571:, usually greenish and shed when the flower opens. Moving inwards, these are followed by four larger petal-like inner sepals, often brightly coloured. Inside the sepals are four true
1592:
2069:
1755:
2108:
575:. These may be small and flat, but often have a complex shape including a nectar-producing "spur" that may be longer than the sepals. There are four stamens.
1293:
selections are gradually appearing in the horticulture trade, the best of which extend the colour and shape range of the flowers available to the gardener.
1289:(in particular Darrell Diano Probst, Tim Branney & Robin White) have also undertaken their own hybridization programmes with the genus. Various new
1663:
2017:
578:
One of the common names for the genus, bishop's hat, arises from the shape of the flowers, particularly where the spurs are longer than the sepals.
1306:
contains a number of flavonoids. 37 compounds were characterized from the underground and aerial parts of the plant. Among them, 28 compounds were
2082:
2030:
2144:
1518:
1748:
1635:
1481:
2056:
1341:
1405:"Erectogenic and Neurotrophic Effects of Icariin, a Purified Extract of Horny Goat Weed (Epimedium spp.) In Vitro and In Vivo"
315:
2087:
1241:, extending the boundaries of the genus in cultivation. The majority of the Chinese species have not been fully tested for
2216:
2095:
1741:
1727:
1952:
1254:
2157:
1627:
1026:
676:
69:
2113:
641:
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2221:
956:
781:
1078:
998:
928:
1626:. (including the genus podophyllum by Julian Shaw, illustrations by Christabel King) (Revised ed.). Kew:
1100:
907:
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2004:
1274:
1200:
1174:
1148:
1019:
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43:
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1459:
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1807:
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187:
64:
1311:
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1835:
1314:, ranged from 1.4 to 5.1% in aerial parts and 1.0 to 2.8% in underground parts.
1722:
594:. The name is a Latinized version of a Greek name for an unidentifiable plant,
1645:
538:
470:
197:
1918:
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1978:
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Plant Names
Simplified : Their Pronunciation Derivation & Meaning
17:
2170:
1912:
1842:
1786:
1250:
492:
329:
120:
2022:
1856:
1849:
1814:
561:
545:
483:
438:
2048:
567:
Individual flowers have parts in fours. There are four smaller outer
557:
403:
1889:
1983:
1074:
Some artificial hybrids are cultivated in gardens. These include:
1059:
572:
568:
516:
503:
442:
423:
81:
473:. The majority have four-parted "spider-like" flowers in spring.
2061:
1278:
446:
210:
1893:
1737:
1376:". In Wu, Zhengyi; Raven, Peter H. & Hong, Deyuan (eds.).
1277:
in late summer, with the aim of promoting rapid re-growth of
27:
Genus of flowering plants belonging to the barberry family
1472:
Johnson, A.T.; Smith, H.A. & Stockdale, A.P. (2019),
602:(xxvii.57). The meaning of the original name is unclear.
552:, or longer lasting, so that the plant is evergreen. The
348:
334:
320:
1623:
The genus
Epimedium and other herbaceous Berberidaceae
296:
282:
1902:
1460:
Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species
Plantarum 1: 117
513:
flower; note the spurs almost as long as the sepals
342:
328:
314:
307:
290:
276:
269:
264:
246:
232:
223:
1593:Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Botany
1511:Encyclopaedia of Alpines : Volume 1 (A–K)
1496:
1749:
238:
8:
590:in 1753, in describing the European species
564:, the number of flowers varying by species.
476:The species used as a dietary supplement is
1890:
1756:
1742:
1734:
261:
42:
31:
1436:
1476:, Sheffield, Yorkshire: 5M Publishing,
1322:
418:
1509:Beckett, K., ed. (1993). "Epimedium".
1328:
1326:
350:
298:
220:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1273:in early spring, epimediums are best
7:
2124:b7d08083-27e7-4b11-95c0-63dd3b0ec748
1285:before the onset of winter. Several
1253:'Amber Queen' is a recipient of the
445:, with smaller numbers elsewhere in
1342:The International Plant Names Index
1334:"IPNI Plant Name Query Results for
1687:The Plant List (2013). Version 1.1
1606:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1937.tb01914.x
1513:. Pershore, UK: AGS Publications.
437:. The majority of the species are
25:
1372:& Brach, Anthony R. (1994). "
1721:
1709:
1421:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01699.x
586:The genus was given its name by
68:
1590:(Berberidaceae), a monograph".
1269:While they can be successfully
598:, that is mentioned in Pliny's
349:
335:
321:
2163:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:3948-1
1409:The Journal of Sexual Medicine
544:, growing from an underground
408:
297:
283:
239:
1:
1546:. Royal Horticultural Society
1310:. The predominant flavonoid,
1027:Epimedium trifoliolatobinatum
677:Epimedium circinatocucullatum
1616:(2002) . Green, Peter Shaw;
1572:General and cited references
642:Epimedium borealiguizhouense
628:Epimedium baiealiguizhouense
1255:Royal Horticultural Society
957:Epimedium qingchengshanense
782:Epimedium glandulosopilosum
2238:
999:Epimedium shennongjiaensis
929:Epimedium pseudowushanense
1774:
399:
363:
260:
228:
193:
186:
171:
164:
65:Scientific classification
63:
50:
41:
34:
908:Epimedium perralderianum
202:C. Morren & Decaisne
1662:: 10–17. Archived from
1370:Boufford, David E. (es)
1006:Epimedium shuichengense
712:Epimedium dolichostemon
649:Epimedium brachyrrhizum
1580:Stearn, William Thomas
1114:E. perralderianum
1071:
1020:Epimedium sutchuenense
985:Epimedium sempervirens
971:Epimedium rhizomatosum
922:Epimedium platypetalum
859:Epimedium membranaceum
852:Epimedium macrosepalum
838:Epimedium lishihchenii
831:Epimedium leptorrhizum
810:Epimedium jingzhouense
789:Epimedium grandiflorum
663:Epimedium campanulatum
635:Epimedium baojingensis
530:
514:
479:Epimedium grandiflorum
1628:Royal Botanic Gardens
1415:(4 Pt 1): 1518–1528.
1259:Award of Garden Merit
1232:have been in Western
1063:
1048:Epimedium zhushanense
1013:Epimedium stellulatum
964:Epimedium reticulatum
901:Epimedium pauciflorum
894:Epimedium parvifolium
873:Epimedium multiflorum
845:Epimedium lobophyllum
824:Epimedium latisepalum
803:Epimedium ilicifolium
719:Epimedium ecalcaratum
670:Epimedium chlorandrum
656:Epimedium brevicornum
606:Accepted species (65)
520:
507:
2217:Berberidaceae genera
1718:at Wikimedia Commons
1303:Epimedium wushanense
1218:E. grandiflorum
1162:E. grandiflorum
1144:E. grandiflorum
1041:Epimedium wushanense
978:Epimedium sagittatum
950:Epimedium pudingense
880:Epimedium myrianthum
775:Epimedium franchetii
614:Epimedium acuminatum
521:Labelled flowers of
1497:The Plant List 2013
1228:Some varieties and
1210:Fisch & C.A.Mey
1034:Epimedium truncatum
943:Epimedium pubigerum
936:Epimedium pubescens
866:Epimedium mikinorii
796:Epimedium hunanense
747:Epimedium epsteinii
740:Epimedium enshiense
733:Epimedium elongatum
705:Epimedium diphyllum
449:, and a few in the
1614:Stearn, William T.
1582:(November 1938). "
1072:
915:Epimedium pinnatum
817:Epimedium koreanum
761:Epimedium fargesii
698:Epimedium dewuense
531:
515:
486:, which is a weak
2199:
2198:
2132:Open Tree of Life
1896:Taxon identifiers
1887:
1886:
1714:Media related to
1520:978-0-900048-61-6
1214:E. diphyllum
1212:, hybrid between
1211:
1186:, hybrid between
1185:
1160:, hybrid between
1159:
1138:, hybrid between
1137:
1112:, hybrid between
1111:
1096:E. pubigerum
1090:, hybrid between
1089:
992:Epimedium setosum
691:Epimedium davidii
684:Epimedium coactum
621:Epimedium alpinum
510:Epimedium alpinum
367:
366:
359:
358:
316:Yale Romanization
271:Standard Mandarin
250:"lascivious goat
219:
218:
213:
203:
174:Epimedium alpinum
160:
16:(Redirected from
2229:
2222:Medicinal plants
2192:
2191:
2179:
2178:
2166:
2165:
2153:
2152:
2140:
2139:
2127:
2126:
2117:
2116:
2104:
2103:
2101:NHMSYS0000458435
2091:
2090:
2078:
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2065:
2064:
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2026:
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1947:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1923:
1922:
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1891:
1758:
1751:
1744:
1735:
1726:Data related to
1725:
1713:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1674:
1672:
1671:
1650:"An overview of
1641:
1609:
1600:(340): 409–535.
1566:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1532:
1526:
1524:
1506:
1500:
1494:
1488:
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1463:
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1440:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1368:Ying, Junsheng;
1365:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1330:
1308:prenylflavonoids
1209:
1192:E. pinnatum
1183:
1166:E. pinnatum
1157:
1135:
1118:E. pinnatum
1109:
1087:
887:Epimedium ogisui
768:Epimedium flavum
754:Epimedium fangii
726:Epimedium elatum
428:flowering plants
420:
410:
401:
374:, also known as
355:
354:
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338:
337:
336:Jam4 joeng4 fok3
324:
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1508:
1507:
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1471:
1470:
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1402:
1401:
1397:
1388:
1386:
1379:Flora of China
1367:
1366:
1355:
1346:
1344:
1332:
1331:
1324:
1320:
1299:
1267:
1226:
1188:E. alpinum
1140:E. alpinum
1092:E. alpinum
1058:
1053:
600:Natural History
592:E. alpinum
584:
502:
419:Yin²-yang²-huo⁴
388:horny goat weed
322:Yàhm yèuhng fok
247:Literal meaning
182:
177:
155:
67:
28:
23:
22:
15:
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11:
5:
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2193:
2189:wfo-4000013613
2180:
2167:
2154:
2141:
2128:
2118:
2105:
2092:
2079:
2066:
2053:
2040:
2027:
2014:
2001:
1988:
1975:
1962:
1949:
1939:
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1804:
1797:
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1760:
1753:
1746:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1730:at Wikispecies
1719:
1705:
1704:External links
1702:
1700:
1699:
1675:
1648:(March 2010).
1642:
1636:
1610:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1557:
1540:'Amber Queen'"
1527:
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1464:
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1316:
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1084:cantabrigiense
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488:PDE5 inhibitor
482:. It contains
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265:Transcriptions
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1767:Berberidaceae
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1729:
1724:
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1682:
1676:
1666:on 2016-09-23
1665:
1661:
1660:
1659:The Plantsman
1655:
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1639:
1637:9781842460399
1633:
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1619:
1618:Mathew, Brian
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1664:the original
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1106:perralchicum
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527:perralchicum
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459:species are
456:
455:
417:
407:
392:yin yang huo
391:
387:
383:
380:bishop's hat
379:
375:
370:
369:
368:
284:yín yáng huò
278:Hanyu Pinyin
251:
206:
196:
172:
166:Type species
151:
150:
131:Ranunculales
114:
101:
88:
56:
52:
35:
29:
2044:iNaturalist
1928:Wikispecies
1878:Vancouveria
1864:Podophyllum
1836:Jeffersonia
1764:Genera of
1693:20 December
1646:Avent, Tony
1588:Vancouveria
1544:www.rhs.org
1265:Propagation
1234:cultivation
1224:Cultivation
556:is an open
533:Species of
500:Description
384:fairy wings
108:Angiosperms
2206:Categories
1808:Diphylleia
1670:2016-09-22
1389:2013-05-11
1347:2013-05-11
1312:epimedin C
1271:propagated
1206:youngianum
1180:warleyense
1154:versicolor
1069:versicolor
542:perennials
539:herbaceous
471:perennials
414:Wade–Giles
409:Yínyánghùo
376:barrenwort
211:Rafinesque
198:Aceranthus
57:versicolor
18:Barrenwort
2212:Epimedium
1934:Epimedium
1904:Epimedium
1822:Epimedium
1794:Bongardia
1728:Epimedium
1716:Epimedium
1681:Epimedium
1652:Epimedium
1584:Epimedium
1538:Epimedium
1429:1743-6095
1374:Epimedium
1336:Epimedium
1318:Citations
1297:Chemistry
1243:hardiness
1196:colchicum
1170:colchicum
1122:colchicum
1065:Epimedium
596:epimedion
550:deciduous
535:Epimedium
465:evergreen
461:deciduous
457:Epimedium
371:Epimedium
224:Epimedium
152:Epimedium
78:Kingdom:
53:Epimedium
36:Epimedium
2176:40004227
2171:Tropicos
1913:Wikidata
1871:Ranzania
1843:Leontice
1787:Berberis
1620:(eds.).
1462:in Latin
1447:20141584
1381:(online)
1287:breeders
1251:cultivar
582:Taxonomy
493:in vitro
453:region.
422:), is a
330:Jyutping
207:Vindicta
188:Synonyms
137:Family:
121:Eudicots
2137:1096858
2075:1088859
2023:3033908
1919:Q157746
1857:Nandina
1850:Mahonia
1815:Dysosma
1487:, p. 55
1438:3551978
1291:nursery
1275:divided
1230:hybrids
1194:subsp.
1168:subsp.
1120:subsp.
1056:Hybrids
562:panicle
546:rhizome
484:icariin
439:endemic
430:in the
396:Chinese
234:Chinese
147:Genus:
127:Order:
82:Plantae
2145:PLANTS
2121:NZOR:
2088:500264
2062:3948-1
2049:127940
2010:111847
1997:111847
1958:553512
1945:190546
1942:APDB:
1780:Achlys
1689:. 2013
1634:
1550:7 June
1517:
1480:
1445:
1435:
1427:
1283:shoots
1184:Stearn
1132:rubrum
1110:Stearn
1088:Stearn
573:petals
569:sepals
558:raceme
432:family
416::
406::
404:pinyin
398::
2150:EPIME
2114:63350
2070:IRMNG
1984:1EPMG
1279:roots
1239:forms
1158:Morr.
1136:Morr.
468:hardy
443:China
424:genus
390:, or
115:Clade
102:Clade
89:Clade
2158:POWO
2109:NCBI
2083:ITIS
2057:IPNI
2036:4312
2031:GRIN
2018:GBIF
1979:EPPO
1971:4D74
1953:BOLD
1695:2016
1632:ISBN
1586:and
1552:2020
1515:ISBN
1478:ISBN
1443:PMID
1425:ISSN
1281:and
1249:The
1216:and
1190:and
1164:and
1142:and
1116:and
1094:and
537:are
447:Asia
2184:WFO
2096:NBN
2005:FoC
1992:FNA
1966:CoL
1602:doi
1565:10;
1433:PMC
1417:doi
1257:'s
560:or
463:or
441:to
426:of
400:淫羊藿
344:IPA
292:IPA
253:huo
240:淫羊藿
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2007::
1994::
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1930::
1915::
1685:.
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1630:.
1598:51
1596:.
1542:.
1441:.
1431:.
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1407:.
1356:^
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1261:.
1204:×
1202:E.
1178:×
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1152:×
1150:E.
1130:×
1128:E.
1104:×
1102:E.
1082:×
1080:E.
1067:×
523:E.
490:,
412:;
402:;
386:,
382:,
378:,
180:L.
158:L.
117::
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55:×
1757:e
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1419::
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394:(
256:"
20:)
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