71:
1458:
1358:
383:
a national park or class A nature reserve is made, mining leases and general purpose leases cannot be granted over them without the consent of both Houses of
Parliament, and actual mining cannot take place within them without specific permission of the Minister for Environment. This occurred in 2003, when a portion of the reserve was excised in order to facilitate the Gorgon gas development program.
1372:
360:
40:
78:
382:
Due to its isolation from mainland
Australia and protection afforded under its statutory status, Barrow Island is one of the most important conservation reserves in Western Australia. It is an "A-class" reserve, the highest level of conservation protection available for Crown land in Australia. Once
275:
approximately 4,000 or more years ago. It separated from the mainland approximately 6,800 years ago. Stone artefacts including several weathered flakes and fragments made of igneous and metamorphic rocks and chert were collected from Barrow Island in the 1960s.
378:
mounds. While the main feature of Barrow Island's geography is the undulating limestone uplands, the island is surrounded by a mixture of sandy beaches and rocky shores, low cliffs, dunes, salt flats, and reefs.
1649:
445:
413:). The island is also home to 43 species of terrestrial reptiles including a variety of dragons, legless lizards, geckos, skinks, snakes and monitors. The most recognisable of these is probably the
386:
The island is known for its diversity of mammalian fauna, including several species now extinct or greatly reduced on mainland
Australia. Thirteen mammal species exist on the island, including the
1724:
124:
483:
and other genera. These mostly inhabit an anchialine system, a 'lens' of fresh water above the saline ground water, which they share with cave fish species such as the blind cave eel (
1838:
313:
were known to operate in the area from about 1800 onwards. The first recorded visit by whalers was in 1842 with continued visits occurring until 1864. The island was used as a
1470:
2088:
70:
1943:
708:, it was completed in 2017, offering an estimated 1,100 cubic kilometres (40 trillion cubic feet) of gas, making it one of Australia's largest developments.
1826:
Threats: The production of oil since the 1960s has resulted in considerable pollution of the ground water ... effect this pollution has had, if any, is not known.
1707:
1653:
2040:, Documentation and verification of the world extreme wind gust record: 113.3 m/s on Barrow Island, Australia, during passage of tropical cyclone Olivia.
1756:
Callan, Shae K; Jonathan D Majer; Karl
Edwards; Dorian Moro (2011). "Documenting the terrestrial invertebrate fauna of Barrow Island, Western Australia".
463:
Limestone caves on Barrow Island support subterranean ecological communities. These include endemic and vulnerable species. Invertebrate species include
1731:
2060:(written by Harry Butler and compiled by Jacqueline Cox with assistance of other Wapet staff). Perth, W.A : West Australian Petroleum Pty Ltd.
1528:
596:
to the region. Corporate and state government cooperation on programs has produced studies into the little-known subterranean fauna of the island.
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211:
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1819:
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1457:
1327:
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721:
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1435:
1343:
701:
1474:
325:
until he was arrested and removed from the colony in 1876. Slave labour was used in the nearby mainland pearling industry.
296:
347:, was found on the island and mining began in 1883. It was mined for the remainder of the 1880s and sold to markets in
667:
1496:
399:
304:
2098:
1935:
322:
1363:
671:
348:
1331:
553:
510:
387:
1439:
1414:
537:
318:
272:
235:
1995:
1922:
1548:
1497:"Evidence of the earliest occupation of the coasts of Australia from Barrow Island, Northwest Australia"
1312:
736:
647:
368:
1420:
1338:
wind gust ever recorded, at 408 km/h (254 mph). The gust occurred on 10 April 1996, during
1991:
612:
was discovered on the island in commercial quantities in 1964 by West
Australian Petroleum Pty Ltd (
479:
689:
561:
541:
520:
497:
426:
292:
2018:
705:
683:
635:
593:
569:
557:
491:
457:
433:
281:
260:
49:
17:
1815:
1790:
1784:
1190:
704:
to develop natural gas reserves 60 kilometres (37 mi) north of the island. Known as the
697:
659:
651:
524:. Hydrogen sulphide produced by the "Barrow fault" may sustain this diverse community through
421:
and the island's top predator. The island represents important turtle nesting habitat for the
391:
300:
256:
216:
112:
1682:
1765:
1540:
609:
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525:
473:
422:
403:
395:
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were utilized as well; however, there have been no archaeological finds from these islands.
277:
1602:
2025:
288:
1339:
717:
589:
485:
2037:
1896:
2067:
1769:
1377:
1069:
728:) with very hot, humid summers with highly variable rainfall; and warm, dry winters.
688:
In
December 2009, a development consortium comprising the Australian subsidiaries of
1544:
577:
104:
638:
that extends 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) offshore. WAPET established a 200-room
621:
502:
460:, etc.) establishing on the island, clearing for development, fire and disease.
620:
was established shortly after. In 1995, there were 430 wells producing oil and
1409:
1353:
693:
631:
573:
515:
464:
453:
437:
344:
291:
sighted it in 1803, mistakenly believing it to be part of mainland
Australia.
1570:
280:
also has evidence of
Aboriginal visitation, and it is likely that the nearby
140:
126:
1627:
1371:
1238:
639:
625:
617:
560:
to extinction. The island also supports over 1% of the world populations of
506:
408:
371:
340:
45:
1529:"Prehistoric stone artefacts on some offshore islands in Western Australia"
359:
39:
1965:
444:) were discovered to have established in 1990, but were eradicated by the
549:
468:
414:
1335:
643:
375:
332:
252:
108:
505:
have also been discovered within the cave systems; these include the
418:
310:
287:
Navigators had noted its existence since the early 17th century, and
248:
1870:
624:
across most of the southern half of the island. The site has been
613:
358:
328:
314:
1342:. The previous record was a 372 km/h (231 mph) gust at
448:(then CALM). Current threats include invasive species (including
449:
666:) was also established to transport workers and equipment from
544:. Birds include the Barrow Island black-and-white fairy-wren (
336:
259:. The island is the second largest in Western Australia after
1596:"Morowa Historical Society - Ghosttowns of Western Australia"
1410:"Barrow Island, Western Australia (Towns & Localities)"
1719:
1717:
739:(20º52'S, 115º25'E, 6 m AMSL) (1999-2024 and extremes)
1471:"Landgate - Interesting facts about Western Australia"
1897:"Technology in Australia 1788–1988: North West Shelf"
1786:
Turning the Tide: the eradication of
Invasive Species
1783:
Morris, Keith (2002). Veitch; Norman; Clout (eds.).
2042:
1899:. Australian Science and Technology Heritage Centre
1522:
1520:
1518:
227:
222:
210:
196:
188:
180:
172:
164:
118:
100:
95:
1814:. Department of Conservation and Land Management.
432:Some exotic species exist on the island (e.g. the
48:mainland on the bottom right (south-east) and the
1330:established Barrow Island as the location of the
247:is a 202-square-kilometre (78 sq mi)
1512:Research by Barrow Island Archaeology Project.
1725:"Technical Appendix C2: mammals and reptiles"
642:complex for workers on the island. A private
251:50 kilometres (31 mi) northwest off the
8:
1936:"Satellite image of workers housing complex"
44:Barrow Island from an 1897 map, showing the
32:
1650:"10-year plan for Pilbara islands released"
592:project has sought to reduce the impact of
576:, as well as an isolated population of the
232:
2014:
2012:
1992:"Barrow Island Airport Climate Statistics"
1810:Burbidge, Andrew A (2004). "4, 5, 8, 9.".
1456:
731:
700:received environmental approvals from the
436:) but the island fauna is largely intact.
38:
31:
2089:Important Bird Areas of Western Australia
27:Island off the coast of Western Australia
1972:. Chevron Policy, Government and Public
1812:Threatened animals of Western Australia
1401:
1391:Petroleum industry in Western Australia
1946:from the original on 14 December 2006
1440:"Barrow Island (suburb and locality)"
536:Barrow Island has been classified by
77:
7:
2028:. World Meteorological Organization.
1386:List of islands of Western Australia
367:Barrow Island is noted for its flat
267:Early history and European discovery
1966:"Gorgon Project Business Overview"
1710:. Parliament of Western Australia.
1652:. 24 February 2015. Archived from
25:
1839:"Technical Appendix C3: Avifauna"
1444:Australian Census 2021 QuickStats
1328:World Meteorological Organization
59:Barrow Island (Western Australia)
2019:World Record Wind Gust: 408 km/h
1770:10.1111/j.1440-6055.2011.00818.x
1758:Australian Journal of Entomology
1370:
1356:
489:), and two blind cave gudgeons,
446:Department of Parks and Wildlife
168:202 km (78 sq mi)
76:
69:
18:Barrow Island, Western Australia
1436:Australian Bureau of Statistics
1346:, United States in April 1934.
1344:Mount Washington, New Hampshire
702:Government of Western Australia
295:named the island in 1816 after
1545:10.1080/03122417.1984.12092954
1340:Severe Tropical Cyclone Olivia
1:
2084:Geology of Western Australia
1925:. #37, Jan - Mar 1995. p. 94
1919:The Good Oil on Conservation
628:'s leading producer of oil.
546:Malurus leucopterus edouardi
2094:Energy in Western Australia
1425:Retrieved 28 December 2009.
1142:Average precipitation days
928:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
858:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
343:that is a highly effective
184:11.5 km (7.15 mi)
2115:
1789:. IUCN. pp. 219–225.
1310:
734:
681:
634:are filled by a submarine
400:black-flanked rock-wallaby
305:Royal Geographical Society
271:The island was visited by
2038:Courtney, J., et al. 2012
1708:"Barrow Island Bill 2003"
1527:Dortch, C; Morse (1984).
1236:
1188:
1141:
1067:
997:
927:
857:
787:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
746:
743:
406:and Barrow Island mouse (
201:
192:72 km (44.7 mi)
176:27 km (16.8 mi)
64:
57:
37:
1423:, Australian Government.
1364:Western Australia portal
2079:Oil fields of Australia
2024:20 January 2013 at the
1676:"Conservation Reserves"
554:white-winged fairy-wren
511:Draculoides bramstokeri
388:spectacled hare-wallaby
2074:Islands of the Pilbara
2056:Butler, Harry, (1982)
1601:. 2000. Archived from
1533:Australian Archaeology
1473:. 2009. Archived from
1415:Gazetteer of Australia
538:BirdLife International
417:, Australia's biggest
364:
323:Captain William Cadell
319:Aboriginal Australians
273:Indigenous Australians
1996:Bureau of Meteorology
1923:Australian Geographic
1628:"The West Australian"
1313:Bureau of Meteorology
737:Barrow Island Airport
648:Barrow Island Airport
556:which is regarded as
514:and perhaps the only
363:NASA World Wind image
362:
299:, a Secretary of the
1871:"IBA: Barrow Island"
1421:Geoscience Australia
788:Record high °C (°F)
716:Barrow Island has a
486:Ophisternon candidum
321:during the 1870s by
1656:on 22 December 2015
1322:Highest wind record
998:Record low °C (°F)
562:grey-tailed tattler
542:Important Bird Area
528:energy production.
521:Anilios longissimus
498:Milyeringa justitia
427:flatback sea turtle
317:trading centre for
303:and founder of the
293:Phillip Parker King
136: /
34:
1688:on 25 January 2014
1189:Average afternoon
718:hot desert climate
706:Gorgon gas project
684:Gorgon gas project
646:facility known as
594:introduced species
570:pied oystercatcher
552:subspecies of the
492:Milyeringa veritas
458:common house gecko
434:American cockroach
404:Barrow Island euro
365:
282:Montebello Islands
261:Dirk Hartog Island
50:Montebello Islands
1877:. Birds Australia
1796:978-2-8317-0682-5
1318:
1317:
1191:relative humidity
735:Climate data for
616:), and the first
392:burrowing bettong
257:Western Australia
242:
241:
217:Western Australia
113:Western Australia
16:(Redirected from
2106:
2099:North West Shelf
2045:
2035:
2029:
2016:
2007:
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1893:
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1844:. Archived from
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1807:
1801:
1800:
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1753:
1747:
1746:
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1730:. Archived from
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1681:. Archived from
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1608:on 12 March 2011
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1547:. Archived from
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1477:on 12 April 2009
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1438:(28 June 2022).
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1424:
1406:
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1361:
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732:
566:red-necked stint
526:chemoautotrophic
471:crustaceans, of
411:nanus ferculinus
396:golden bandicoot
278:Thevenard Island
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2051:Further reading
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2026:Wayback Machine
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1917:Mitch Reardon.
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1571:"Barrow Island"
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1551:on 2 April 2015
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600:Energy reserves
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297:Sir John Barrow
289:Nicholas Baudin
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141:20.8°S 115.38°E
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1764:(4): 323–343.
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1575:gorgon.com.au
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152:Barrow Island
146:-20.8; 115.38
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84:Barrow Island
72:
63:
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33:Barrow Island
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19:
2057:
2041:
2033:
1999:. Retrieved
1986:
1974:. Retrieved
1969:
1960:
1948:. Retrieved
1939:
1930:
1918:
1913:
1901:. Retrieved
1891:
1879:. Retrieved
1874:
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1846:the original
1833:
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1811:
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1732:the original
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1072:mm (inches)
725:
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687:
663:
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584:Conservation
578:spinifexbird
545:
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423:green turtle
407:
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244:
243:
223:Demographics
203:
105:Indian Ocean
52:to the north
29:
1970:chevron.com
1950:14 December
1855:25 February
1741:25 February
1692:25 February
1660:15 December
1580:13 December
1555:25 February
632:Oil tankers
622:natural gas
516:troglobitic
503:Troglofauna
355:Environment
144: /
119:Coordinates
2068:Categories
1976:2 February
1903:12 October
1634:7 November
1612:7 November
1397:References
1144:(≥ 1.0 mm)
694:ExxonMobil
574:fairy tern
558:vulnerable
465:Stygofauna
454:feral cats
438:Black rats
372:grasslands
345:fertilizer
228:Population
150: (
107:, off the
46:Australian
1940:Wikimapia
1539:: 31–47.
1239:dew point
640:apartment
626:Australia
618:oil field
507:schizomid
409:Pseudomys
341:excrement
301:Admiralty
255:coast of
204:Australia
189:Coastline
111:coast of
96:Geography
2044:62: 1-9.
2022:Archived
1944:Archived
1501:Phys.org
1481:24 April
1350:See also
1336:tornadic
1311:Source:
1241:°C (°F)
1237:Average
1137:(10.68)
1068:Average
853:(113.0)
848:(108.3)
843:(104.0)
838:(103.1)
808:(100.8)
803:(104.5)
798:(106.2)
793:(113.0)
668:Karratha
636:pipeline
518:reptile—
469:amphipod
415:perentie
369:spinifex
333:seabirds
131:115°23′E
101:Location
2001:3 April
1875:Birdata
1449:28 June
1332:highest
1306:(63.9)
1301:(67.6)
1296:(63.9)
1291:(61.2)
1286:(57.9)
1281:(56.1)
1276:(57.4)
1271:(57.7)
1266:(62.1)
1261:(65.8)
1256:(72.5)
1251:(72.9)
1246:(71.4)
1132:(0.24)
1127:(0.06)
1122:(0.06)
1117:(0.05)
1112:(0.14)
1107:(0.52)
1102:(1.37)
1097:(2.37)
1092:(1.34)
1087:(2.10)
1082:(1.70)
1077:(0.81)
1063:(53.2)
1058:(67.6)
1053:(64.4)
1048:(60.8)
1043:(58.5)
1038:(54.0)
1033:(53.2)
1028:(55.0)
1023:(57.7)
1018:(66.2)
1013:(69.8)
1008:(70.7)
1003:(69.8)
993:(72.2)
988:(76.1)
983:(73.4)
978:(71.2)
973:(67.5)
968:(64.2)
963:(63.5)
958:(65.8)
953:(70.3)
948:(76.3)
943:(79.9)
938:(79.3)
933:(78.4)
923:(84.8)
918:(90.1)
913:(87.1)
908:(85.3)
903:(81.0)
898:(77.4)
893:(74.8)
888:(75.7)
883:(81.5)
878:(88.3)
873:(92.3)
868:(92.7)
863:(91.8)
833:(96.8)
828:(91.9)
823:(84.6)
818:(87.6)
813:(92.8)
712:Climate
690:Chevron
644:airport
550:endemic
376:termite
311:Whalers
253:Pilbara
128:20°48′S
109:Pilbara
1881:19 May
1818:
1793:
1630:. 1888
1506:19 May
1455:
1417:online
744:Month
722:Köppen
696:, and
572:, and
548:), an
540:as an
474:Nedsia
419:lizard
249:island
173:Length
1849:(PDF)
1842:(PDF)
1735:(PDF)
1728:(PDF)
1686:(PDF)
1679:(PDF)
1606:(PDF)
1599:(PDF)
1184:15.5
1135:271.3
783:Year
698:Shell
672:Perth
614:WAPET
532:Birds
450:weeds
349:Perth
329:Guano
315:slave
212:State
181:Width
2003:2024
1978:2021
1952:2006
1905:2007
1883:2011
1857:2014
1816:ISBN
1791:ISBN
1743:2014
1694:2014
1662:2015
1636:2010
1614:2010
1582:2006
1557:2014
1508:2017
1483:2009
1451:2022
1334:non-
1326:The
1304:17.7
1299:19.8
1294:17.7
1289:16.2
1284:14.4
1279:13.4
1274:14.1
1269:14.3
1264:16.7
1259:18.8
1254:22.5
1249:22.7
1244:21.9
1193:(%)
1181:0.6
1178:0.2
1175:0.2
1172:0.2
1169:0.6
1166:1.0
1163:1.9
1160:2.6
1157:1.5
1154:2.4
1151:2.3
1148:2.0
1105:13.1
1100:34.7
1095:60.1
1090:34.1
1085:53.3
1080:43.2
1075:20.7
1061:11.8
1056:19.8
1051:18.0
1046:16.0
1041:14.7
1036:12.2
1031:11.8
1026:12.8
1021:14.3
1016:19.0
1011:21.0
1006:21.5
1001:21.0
991:22.3
986:24.5
981:23.0
976:21.8
971:19.7
966:17.9
961:17.5
956:18.8
951:21.3
946:24.6
941:26.6
936:26.3
931:25.8
921:29.4
916:32.3
911:30.6
906:29.6
901:27.2
896:25.2
891:23.8
886:24.3
881:27.5
876:31.3
871:33.5
866:33.7
861:33.2
851:45.0
846:42.4
841:40.0
836:39.5
831:36.0
826:33.3
821:29.2
816:30.9
811:33.8
806:38.2
801:40.3
796:41.2
791:45.0
780:Dec
777:Nov
774:Oct
771:Sep
768:Aug
765:Jul
762:Jun
759:May
756:Apr
753:Mar
750:Feb
747:Jan
670:and
664:YBWX
660:ICAO
652:IATA
588:The
495:and
425:and
337:bats
236:2021
231:45 (
165:Area
1921:in
1766:doi
1541:doi
1232:55
1229:54
1226:52
1223:51
1220:51
1217:52
1214:58
1211:56
1208:55
1205:53
1202:59
1199:59
1196:58
1130:6.1
1125:1.5
1120:1.6
1115:1.2
1110:3.5
726:BWh
678:Gas
656:BWB
610:Oil
605:Oil
335:or
233:SAL
2070::
2011:^
1994:.
1968:.
1942:.
1938:.
1873:.
1824:.
1762:50
1760:.
1716:^
1573:.
1537:19
1535:.
1531:.
1517:^
1499:.
1442:.
1419:.
1412:.
724::
692:,
674:.
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658:,
654::
580:.
568:,
564:,
501:.
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467:,
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452:,
429:.
402:,
398:,
394:,
390:,
351:.
339:'
331:,
307:.
263:.
2005:.
1980:.
1954:.
1907:.
1885:.
1859:.
1799:.
1772:.
1768::
1745:.
1696:.
1664:.
1638:.
1616:.
1584:.
1559:.
1543::
1510:.
1485:.
1453:.
720:(
650:(
440:(
238:)
154:)
20:)
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