53:
512:
439:
was published in 1569 in Basel by Johann
Grynaeus which included nine of John's letters together with the writings of Dorotheus. The first complete edition of the letters based on several Athonite manuscript was published in 1816 by Nikodemos, a monk from Athos. This edition was quickly translated into Russian which made them more popular among Orthodox audiences. The twentieth century anchorite
380:
theological topics. Though
Barsanuphius and John acted as a unified partnership and rebuked those that tried to pose the same question to each Old Men expecting different answers, their distinct personalities and epistographical style are preserved in the letters. Barsanuphius' letters reveal a strong, supportive and warm personality and his style is clear, prayerful and undeterred by issues.
1496:
3002:
1413:
423:, confirm the sixth-century as date of the composition of the letters. As such, the letters provide invaluable insights for the understanding of theological, ecclesiastical, social and even political history of the region of Gaza. Further, the joined authorship of the letter collection sets it apart from other late antique letter collections.
403:) as a reward for an ascetic life and thought it dangerous for monks to live as if that was possible. In general, Barsanuphius and John were averse to give precise prescriptions about progress in spiritual life and did not order their disciples to perform specific number of penitential acts but rather encouraged them to practice the
363:
Barsanuphius and John were sought to provide advice and spiritual direction by a diverse group of people. These included other hermits, priests, bishops and monks (including
Dorotheus of Gaza) as well as lay persons of various professions. As such, they continued the tradition of spiritual direction
325:
who assumed a similar position to John as
Seridus did to Barsanuphius. Together with John, Barsanuphius provided spiritual advice and counsel to a variety of people and wrote over 850 letters. In that, they acted in a partnership and were thought to communicate without needing to speak or write with
438:
between the eleventh and the fourteenth century, the earlier manuscripts containing only proportions of the letter collection. In the fourteenth century, two manuscripts were produced that included more than 800 letters, likely copied from different sources. The first printed edition of the letters
426:
The letters were complied by an unknown editor who suggests to have been a monk at the community while it was overseen by
Barsanuphius and John and even seen Barsanuphius himself, leading some to believe him to be their disciple Dorotheus of Gaza. Though the correspondence with one person, which in
320:
came to live in the same monastic community as disciple of
Barsanuphius who surrendered his cell to John, moving into another nearby cell. Barsanuphius became known as the "Old Man" or the "Great Old Man" while John was called "The Other Old Man" or "the Prophet". John placed himself under the
379:
Barsanuphius and John corresponded with their disciples through letters transmitted by
Seridus and Dorotheus, with around 850 letters surviving (of which Barsanuphius wrote around 400). In these letters, they answered all kind of queries by their disciples, from small practicalities to deeply
280:
in a cell near the village. The reasons for his move are uncertain, but it is possible that he did so due to the pro-Chalcedonian stance of the region compared to his native Egypt. He was already an experienced ascetic before his arrival and experienced in the tradition of the
427:
some cases spanned several years, is ordered chronologically, the whole collection is not. This compiler grouped the letters together according to the type of petitioner and introduced them with a brief description of the question the petitioner posed to the Old Men.
334:
Between 543 and 544, Seridos and John died within two weeks of each other upon which
Barsanuphius entered complete seclusion. A new abbot, Aelianos, was elected and Dorotheus of Gaza left the monastery. Barsanuphius died some time after that.
376:. This spiritual director was responsible for the soul of the disciple and supported him through prayer and practical advice whereas the disciple was expected to open his heart to his spiritual father and heed his advice.
308:, he recorded the answers in Greek. When at one point Barsanuphius became aware that some members of the monastery were doubting his existence, he revealed himself to them by coming out to wash their feet.
247:
and advice to a variety of people in the region through letters, of which over 850 have been preserved and influenced especially
Orthodox monasticism. Barsanuphius is venerated as a saint in both the
2976:
515:
Painting by
Samuele Tatulli depicting the arrival in Ostuni of the relics of Saint Barsanuphius. The three characters in the foreground are (from left to right) the saint,
586:. As of 2023, the city still honours the saint with a procession on August 30 during which the keys of the city are handed over by the mayor to an effigy of Barsanuphius.
304:, became the only person who communicated directly with Barsanuphius and acted as mediator for those who wished to be counselled by the hermit. As Seridus did not know
2217:
1009:
321:
spiritual authority of Barsanuphius, though Barsanuphius never asserted this authority over John after he was established as an anchorite. John became the teacher of
1171:
Hevelone-Harper, Jennifer L. (19 November 2019). "The Letter Collection of Barsanuphius and John". In Sogno, Cristiana; Storin, Bradley K.; Watts, Edward J. (eds.).
1912:
1255:
BIZANTINI, LONGOBARDIE ARABI IN PUGLIANELL'ALTO MEDIOEVO Atti del XX Congresso Internazionale di Studiosull'alto Medioevo SavelletridiFasano (BR), 3-6 Novembre 2011
346:
about the hermit, he recorded that it was still believed that Barsanuphius was alive. Evagrius recounts that when the patriarch of Jerusalem (assumed to be
2027:
35:
1199:
Hombergen, O.C.S.O., Daniël (2004). "Barsanuphius and John of Gaza and the Origenist Controversy". In Bitton-Ashkelony, Brouria; Kofsky, Aryeh (eds.).
1445:
1219:
434:
in Sinai, containing 79 letters. The letters were widely copied by Eastern monks throughout the Middle Ages. Several manuscripts were copied at
3027:
1359:
1328:
1300:
1232:
1182:
1154:
1126:
443:
did the first English translation of some selected letters based on the Russian text. The first complete English translation was done by
1417:
300:
which became increasingly responsible for the support of the various monks who gathered around the hermit. The abbot of the monastery,
3042:
2653:
1208:
1098:
1348:(14 October 2011). "The Jews in Byzantine Southern Italy". In Stroumsa, Guy G.; Irshai, Oded; Talgam, Rina; Bonfil, Robert (eds.).
496:
on Mount Athos had an office for Barsanuphius and John. There were also many churches and altars dedicated to Barsanuphius in the
3047:
3032:
559:
were lost but then later rediscovered and placed in the city's basilica. In the late twelfth century, a priest composed a Latin
2505:
2400:
2360:
2350:
2490:
2480:
2450:
2405:
2335:
2305:
2275:
1017:
566:
At Oria, Barsanuphius is considered to have saved the city from destruction through war. A legend states that he repelled a
431:
1058:
2613:
2460:
2440:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2340:
2265:
1725:
388:
369:
365:
139:
2603:
2485:
2470:
2455:
2445:
2430:
2410:
2345:
2320:
2285:
2255:
545:
493:
430:
The two earliest manuscripts containing the letters are two tenth-century Georgian translations of the Greek text from
2981:
2510:
2495:
2475:
2435:
2395:
2365:
2315:
2280:
2260:
1438:
350:, 524-552) ordered the door to his cell to be opened, fire flashed out of the cell causing everyone present to flee.
372:
and in which a person attached themselves as to a spiritual father who had attained a sufficient level of spiritual
2500:
2465:
2420:
2415:
2325:
2300:
2290:
2250:
2235:
2230:
2072:
1831:
1587:
373:
3037:
2390:
2370:
2270:
2245:
2240:
1917:
1031:
2956:
2533:
2425:
2355:
2310:
2037:
1826:
1617:
1504:
1376:
94:
563:
of the saint which contain certain hagiographical details, including the translation of the relics to Oria.
2593:
2067:
1967:
1962:
1937:
1803:
1738:
464:
in these churches is celebrated on 6 February and 11 April, respectively. He is not mentioned in the Coptic
387:
is often adapted allegorically and spiritually in order to respond to the needs of each individual, and the
248:
119:
April 11; February 6 (Eastern and Oriental Orthodox Church); at Oria February 20 and August 29 and August 30
90:
2898:
2860:
2855:
2765:
2685:
2618:
2538:
2102:
2012:
1932:
1743:
1431:
583:
198:
2946:
2941:
2628:
2558:
2022:
1972:
1640:
1517:
1454:
1345:
339:
252:
178:
86:
2923:
2888:
2840:
2633:
2578:
2568:
2187:
2182:
2132:
2017:
1922:
1836:
469:
297:
157:
76:
3052:
3006:
2790:
2750:
2583:
2330:
2225:
2097:
1992:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1763:
1695:
1685:
1665:
1650:
1320:
Repentance in Late Antiquity: Eastern Asceticism and the Framing of the Christian Life C.400-650 CE
293:
244:
2825:
2805:
2695:
2658:
2553:
1793:
1783:
1733:
1660:
1655:
1645:
537:
516:
473:
347:
114:
460:
Barsanuphius is venerated as a saint both the Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church and his
1495:
2951:
2918:
2770:
2710:
2700:
2548:
2528:
2197:
2057:
1987:
1904:
1861:
1607:
1355:
1324:
1296:
1228:
1204:
1178:
1150:
1122:
1094:
579:
485:
481:
416:
322:
229:
153:
391:
are evoked frequently as well. Barsanuphius and John were also familiar with the writings of
2971:
2845:
2745:
2643:
2598:
2588:
2573:
2157:
2147:
2087:
2042:
2032:
1871:
1788:
1773:
1758:
1753:
1677:
1622:
1485:
501:
444:
420:
415:
The internal coherence and historical details of the letters, such as references to laws by
317:
240:
209:
1271:
2820:
2780:
2775:
2690:
2082:
1982:
1947:
1748:
1542:
520:
392:
305:
301:
189:
149:
52:
399:, he disagreed firmly with the idea that it is possible to achieve spiritual knowledge (
2966:
2903:
2850:
2815:
2810:
2785:
2760:
2663:
2623:
2177:
2077:
1997:
1821:
1768:
1547:
1537:
504:, and his name was popular in the region after due to the translation of his relics to
282:
169:
3021:
2883:
2755:
2167:
2162:
2107:
2092:
1952:
1942:
1851:
1846:
1251:"Tradizioni agiografiche pugliesi tra Oriente e Occidente: il caso di san Barsanufio"
440:
296:
to other ascetics who were living in the region, among other to the community of the
31:
1221:
The Cambridge History of Christianity - Early Medieval Christianities c. 600-c. 1100
1146:
Disciples of the Desert: Monks, Laity, and Spiritual Authority in Sixth-Century Gaza
17:
2961:
2740:
2608:
2295:
2112:
2047:
571:
511:
477:
124:
1349:
1318:
1290:
1172:
1144:
1116:
1088:
447:
and the letters have been also translated into various other European languages.
2878:
2715:
2192:
2127:
2117:
2052:
1856:
1778:
560:
505:
435:
129:
58:
2730:
2705:
2543:
2152:
1977:
1423:
570:
invasion by appearing before the Spanish commander armed with a sword. During
489:
465:
3001:
2893:
2870:
2735:
2720:
2142:
1957:
1710:
1632:
1577:
1462:
1406:
1174:
Late Antique Letter Collections: A Critical Introduction and Reference Guide
575:
476:
and Theodore noted that Barsanuphius was depicted on the altar cloth of the
461:
396:
273:
1412:
419:, elections of bishops of Jerusalem and Gaza as well as the advent of the
2913:
2725:
2638:
2563:
2202:
1816:
1602:
1572:
574:, he is said to have spread his blue cape across the sky, thus causing a
286:
342:
wrote about Barsanuphius, to whom he dedicated an entire chapter of his
2800:
2122:
2007:
1927:
1811:
1715:
1705:
1690:
1612:
1592:
1552:
1470:
549:
497:
488:. Starting from the 10th century, the saint was also mentioned in many
277:
2986:
2908:
2835:
2830:
2520:
2172:
2137:
2062:
1700:
1597:
1582:
1522:
1118:
The Letters of Barsanuphius and John: Desert Wisdom for Everyday Life
556:
404:
233:
103:
1250:
1059:"Oria: è tutto pronto per la Festa del Santo Patrono San Barsanofio"
2933:
2795:
2648:
2207:
2002:
1841:
1562:
1557:
1532:
1527:
1512:
1480:
1475:
567:
552:
510:
384:
269:
953:
951:
719:
717:
715:
2673:
1567:
672:
670:
533:
276:
at some point in the early sixth century and begun to live as a
1427:
1351:
Jews in Byzantium: Dialectics of Minority and Majority Cultures
2677:
980:
978:
272:, Barsanuphius entered the hilly region of Thavata close to
687:
685:
702:
700:
395:
and Origen. Though Barsanuphius refrained from condemning
1292:
The Medieval Salento: Art and Identity in Southern Italy
532:
Barsanuphius' relics arrived in Oria with a Palestinian
1295:. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 162, 295.
938:
936:
407:
opposing the vices or temptations that afflicted them.
996:
1218:
Noble, Thomas F. X.; Smith, Julia M.H., eds. (2008).
316:
Between the years 525 and 527, another hermit called
292:
In Thavata, Barsanuphius started to offer advice and
1203:. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. pp. 173–181.
1032:"Oria: la Diocesi celebra il patrono San Barsanofio"
203:
30:
For the sect founded by a certain Barsanuphius, see
2932:
2869:
2672:
2519:
2216:
1903:
1870:
1802:
1724:
1676:
1631:
1503:
1461:
1276:. Claremont Graduate University. School of Religion
795:
548:) housed the relics between 890 and 1170. During a
183:
145:
135:
123:
113:
100:
82:
70:
65:
43:
540:placed these in the 880s in a chapel close to the
1270:Regnault, Lucien (1991). "Barsanuphius, Saint".
957:
891:
879:
855:
819:
723:
676:
649:
338:Nevertheless, when in 593 the Syrian Christian
1439:
1143:Hevelone-Harper, Jennifer L. (12 July 2005).
8:
1063:newⓈpam.it - Informiamo Brindisi e provincia
903:
984:
867:
843:
783:
771:
747:
735:
706:
691:
661:
637:
625:
36:List of Russian saints (until 15th century)
1446:
1432:
1424:
1016:. Dott.ssa Loredana D'Elia. Archived from
927:
285:, but it remains uncertain whether he was
40:
1177:. Univ of California Press. p. 424.
1121:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 48–49.
1090:Barsanuphius and John: Letters, Volumen 1
544:. This chapel (today under the church of
915:
831:
807:
759:
613:
601:
456:Saint in Roman Catholicism and Orthodoxy
594:
492:in the Orthodox Church and the Russian
969:
942:
7:
1057:Argese, Giuseppe (29 August 2017).
359:Spiritual direction through letters
312:Collaboration with John the Prophet
214:Barsonofio, Barsanofrio, Barsanorio
193:
1384:. Libreria Editrice Vaticana. 2004
1010:"Chiesa di San Francesco da Paola"
468:. He was one of the influences on
411:Composition and history of letters
364:that flourished in the deserts of
236:and writer of the sixth century.
25:
1273:The Coptic encyclopedia, volume 2
1115:Chryssavgis, John (2 June 2022).
216:; died after 543), also known as
27:Palestinian hermit, church writer
3000:
1494:
1411:
1323:. OUP Oxford. pp. 118–157.
1201:Christian Gaza in Late Antiquity
57:Statue of Saint Barsanuphius at
51:
1289:Safran, Linda (18 April 2014).
1227:. Cambridge University Press.
1:
2028:Faustus, Abibus and Dionysius
389:Sayings of the Desert Fathers
140:Sayings of the Desert Fathers
34:. For the Russian saint, see
3028:6th-century Christian saints
1038:(in Italian). 30 August 2023
555:and taking of the city, the
494:monastery of St. Panteleimon
1455:Saints in the Coptic church
1354:. BRILL. pp. 283–284.
997:von Falkenhausen, Vera 2011
432:Saint Catherine's Monastery
204:
184:
3069:
1492:
1087:Chryssavgis, John (2006).
29:
3043:Saints from the Holy Land
2995:
1418:Barsanuphius of Palestine
1317:Torrance, Alexis (2013).
218:Barsanuphius of Palestine
173:
50:
2038:Gabriel Abdel El-Metgaly
796:Hombergen, O.C.S.O. 2004
95:Oriental Orthodox Church
3048:Saints from Roman Egypt
3033:Eastern Orthodox saints
3007:Christianity portal
2664:Yousab el-Abah of Girga
2068:Hor, Besoy, and Daydara
2053:George Bishop of Assiut
1963:Basilides and Potamiana
249:Eastern Orthodox Church
91:Eastern Orthodox Church
2861:Theodora of Alexandria
2856:Theodorus of Tabennese
2766:Macarius of Alexandria
2686:Abdel Messih El-Makari
2619:Narcissus of Jerusalem
2579:Gregory of Neocaesarea
2539:Alexander of Jerusalem
1744:James, son of Alphaeus
1346:von Falkenhausen, Vera
928:Noble & Smith 2008
546:San Francesco da Paola
524:
383:In their letters, the
344:Historia Ecclesiastica
226:Barsanuphius the Great
213:
2947:Clement of Alexandria
1973:Chrysanthus and Daria
1749:James, son of Zebedee
1249:Paoli, Emore (2012).
514:
472:in his reform of the
340:Evagrius Scholasticus
253:Roman Catholic Church
87:Roman Catholic Church
2982:Maximus and Domatius
2841:Samuel the Confessor
2634:Paphnutius of Thebes
2629:Paphnutius of Scetis
2569:Gregory of Nazianzus
2564:Eusebius of Caesarea
2559:Epiphanius of Cyprus
2188:Theodore Stratelates
2183:Theodora and Didymus
2018:Elias and companions
1837:Priscilla and Aquila
1827:Phoebe the Deaconess
1420:at Wikimedia Commons
958:Hevelone-Harper 2005
892:Hevelone-Harper 2019
880:Hevelone-Harper 2019
856:Hevelone-Harper 2019
820:Hevelone-Harper 2019
724:Hevelone-Harper 2019
677:Hevelone-Harper 2019
650:Hevelone-Harper 2005
616:, pp. 120, 122.
578:, and preventing an
528:Patron Saint of Oria
519:and the personified
470:Theodore the Studite
222:Barsanuphius of Gaza
158:Theodore the Studite
77:Monastery of Seridus
18:Barsanuphius of Gaza
2977:Three Holy Children
2791:Pachomius the Great
2751:Isidore of Pelusium
2609:Karas of California
2584:Ignatius of Antioch
1993:Cyprian and Justina
1938:Alexandrian Martyrs
1913:21 Martyrs of Libya
1378:Martirologio Romano
894:, pp. 422–423.
882:, pp. 420–421.
604:, pp. 119–120.
294:spiritual direction
245:spiritual direction
232:), was a Christian
2696:Abraham of Farshut
2659:Severian of Gabala
2654:Serapion of Thmuis
2644:Porphyrius of Gaza
2639:Polycarp of Smyrna
2594:James of Jerusalem
2554:Cyril of Jerusalem
798:, p. 179-180.
538:Theodosius of Oria
536:in 850 AD. Bishop
525:
474:Stoudios Monastery
348:Peter of Jerusalem
45:Saint Barsanuphius
3015:
3014:
2952:Didymus the Blind
2771:Macarius of Egypt
2711:Anthony the Great
2701:Abraham of Scetis
2614:Mikhaeil of Asyut
2604:John of Jerusalem
2549:Basil of Caesarea
2529:Abadiu of Antinoe
2098:Marina the Martyr
2058:George El Mozahem
1988:Cosmas and Damian
1862:Seventy disciples
1641:Mary, Our Lady of
1416:Media related to
1361:978-90-04-21644-0
1330:978-0-19-966536-5
1302:978-0-8122-4554-7
1234:978-0-521-81775-2
1184:978-0-520-30841-1
1156:978-0-8018-8110-7
1128:978-0-567-70486-3
904:Martirologio 2004
786:, pp. 10–14.
664:, pp. 41–43.
517:Bishop Theodosius
486:Ephrem the Syrian
482:Anthony the Great
417:emperor Justinian
323:Dorotheus of Gaza
230:Eastern Orthodoxy
202:
182:
163:
162:
154:Dorotheus of Gaza
83:Venerated in
16:(Redirected from
3060:
3038:Egyptian hermits
3005:
3004:
2972:Simon the Tanner
2846:Sisoes the Great
2746:Isaac of Nineveh
2624:Nicholas of Myra
2589:Jacob of Nisibis
2574:Gregory of Nyssa
2534:Abraam of Faiyum
2033:Felix and Regula
1678:Seven Archangels
1623:John the Baptist
1498:
1448:
1441:
1434:
1425:
1415:
1405:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1383:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1226:
1214:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1006:
1000:
994:
988:
985:Chryssavgis 2022
982:
973:
967:
961:
955:
946:
940:
931:
925:
919:
913:
907:
901:
895:
889:
883:
877:
871:
868:Chryssavgis 2006
865:
859:
853:
847:
844:Chryssavgis 2006
841:
835:
829:
823:
817:
811:
805:
799:
793:
787:
784:Chryssavgis 2006
781:
775:
772:Chryssavgis 2006
769:
763:
757:
751:
750:, pp. 9–10.
748:Chryssavgis 2006
745:
739:
736:Chryssavgis 2022
733:
727:
721:
710:
707:Chryssavgis 2006
704:
695:
692:Chryssavgis 2022
689:
680:
674:
665:
662:Chryssavgis 2022
659:
653:
647:
641:
638:Chryssavgis 2006
635:
629:
626:Chryssavgis 2006
623:
617:
611:
605:
599:
502:Ceglie Messapica
445:John Chryssavgis
421:Justinian plague
368:, Palestine and
298:nearby monastery
241:John the Prophet
207:
197:
195:
187:
177:
175:
106:
55:
41:
21:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3011:
2999:
2991:
2928:
2865:
2821:Paul the Simple
2781:Moses the Black
2776:Marina the Monk
2691:Abib and Apollo
2668:
2515:
2212:
2103:Maspero Martyrs
2083:John of Senhout
1899:
1866:
1798:
1720:
1672:
1627:
1499:
1490:
1457:
1452:
1403:
1400:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1375:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1344:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1316:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1288:
1279:
1277:
1269:
1260:
1258:
1248:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1224:
1217:
1211:
1198:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1170:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1142:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1114:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1086:
1083:
1078:
1068:
1066:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1041:
1039:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1020:on 15 Aug 2016.
1008:
1007:
1003:
995:
991:
983:
976:
968:
964:
956:
949:
941:
934:
926:
922:
914:
910:
902:
898:
890:
886:
878:
874:
866:
862:
854:
850:
842:
838:
830:
826:
818:
814:
806:
802:
794:
790:
782:
778:
770:
766:
758:
754:
746:
742:
734:
730:
722:
713:
705:
698:
690:
683:
675:
668:
660:
656:
648:
644:
636:
632:
624:
620:
612:
608:
600:
596:
592:
530:
521:diocese of Oria
458:
453:
413:
393:Basil the Great
361:
356:
332:
314:
302:Seridus of Gaza
266:
261:
150:Seridus of Gaza
101:
93:
89:
75:
61:
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3066:
3064:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3020:
3019:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3009:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2938:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2875:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2851:Tekle Haymanot
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2816:Paul of Tammah
2813:
2811:Paul of Thebes
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2786:Nilus of Sinai
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2761:John the Dwarf
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2682:
2680:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2649:Psote of Ebsay
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2544:Amun of Scetis
2541:
2536:
2531:
2525:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2222:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2088:Kosheh martyrs
2085:
2080:
2078:Isaac of Dafra
2075:
2073:Imbaba Martyrs
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1998:Cyrus and John
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1909:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1876:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1822:Mary Magdalene
1819:
1814:
1808:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1730:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1682:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1637:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1509:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1467:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1443:
1436:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1409:
1407:San Barsanofio
1399:
1398:External links
1396:
1395:
1394:
1373:
1360:
1342:
1329:
1314:
1301:
1286:
1267:
1246:
1233:
1215:
1209:
1196:
1183:
1168:
1155:
1140:
1127:
1112:
1099:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1049:
1023:
1014:Citta' Di Oria
1001:
999:, p. 283.
989:
974:
972:, p. 162.
962:
960:, p. 158.
947:
945:, p. 406.
932:
920:
908:
906:, p. 233.
896:
884:
872:
860:
858:, p. 421.
848:
836:
834:, p. 118.
824:
822:, p. 422.
812:
810:, p. 133.
800:
788:
776:
764:
762:, p. 121.
752:
740:
728:
726:, p. 419.
711:
696:
681:
679:, p. 420.
666:
654:
642:
630:
618:
606:
593:
591:
588:
529:
526:
457:
454:
452:
449:
412:
409:
360:
357:
355:
352:
331:
328:
313:
310:
283:desert fathers
265:
262:
260:
257:
239:Together with
161:
160:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
127:
121:
120:
117:
111:
110:
107:
98:
97:
84:
80:
79:
72:
68:
67:
63:
62:
56:
48:
47:
44:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3065:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2997:
2994:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2756:John Climacus
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2599:John of Nikiû
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2518:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2296:Felix of Rome
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2168:Theban Legion
2166:
2164:
2163:Sidhom Bishay
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1497:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1449:
1444:
1442:
1437:
1435:
1430:
1429:
1426:
1419:
1414:
1410:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1363:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1343:
1332:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1315:
1304:
1298:
1294:
1293:
1287:
1275:
1274:
1268:
1256:
1252:
1247:
1236:
1230:
1223:
1222:
1216:
1212:
1210:90-04-13868-4
1206:
1202:
1197:
1186:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1169:
1158:
1152:
1149:. JHU Press.
1148:
1147:
1141:
1130:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1113:
1102:
1100:9780813201139
1096:
1093:. CUA Press.
1092:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1064:
1060:
1053:
1050:
1037:
1033:
1027:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1005:
1002:
998:
993:
990:
987:, p. 49.
986:
981:
979:
975:
971:
966:
963:
959:
954:
952:
948:
944:
939:
937:
933:
930:, p. 60.
929:
924:
921:
917:
916:Regnault 1991
912:
909:
905:
900:
897:
893:
888:
885:
881:
876:
873:
869:
864:
861:
857:
852:
849:
845:
840:
837:
833:
832:Torrance 2013
828:
825:
821:
816:
813:
809:
808:Torrance 2013
804:
801:
797:
792:
789:
785:
780:
777:
774:, p. 10.
773:
768:
765:
761:
760:Torrance 2013
756:
753:
749:
744:
741:
738:, p. 48.
737:
732:
729:
725:
720:
718:
716:
712:
708:
703:
701:
697:
694:, p. 55.
693:
688:
686:
682:
678:
673:
671:
667:
663:
658:
655:
652:, p. 19.
651:
646:
643:
639:
634:
631:
627:
622:
619:
615:
614:Torrance 2013
610:
607:
603:
602:Torrance 2013
598:
595:
589:
587:
585:
584:Allied Forces
581:
577:
573:
569:
564:
562:
558:
554:
551:
547:
543:
542:porta Hebraea
539:
535:
527:
522:
518:
513:
509:
507:
503:
500:, such as in
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
455:
450:
448:
446:
442:
441:Seraphim Rose
437:
433:
428:
424:
422:
418:
410:
408:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
381:
377:
375:
371:
367:
358:
353:
351:
349:
345:
341:
336:
329:
327:
324:
319:
311:
309:
307:
303:
299:
295:
290:
288:
284:
279:
275:
271:
263:
258:
256:
254:
250:
246:
242:
237:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
206:
200:
191:
186:
185:Barsanouphios
180:
171:
167:
159:
155:
151:
148:
144:
141:
138:
134:
131:
128:
126:
122:
118:
116:
112:
108:
105:
99:
96:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
73:
69:
66:Great Old Man
64:
60:
54:
49:
42:
37:
33:
32:Barsanuphians
19:
2962:Habib Girgis
2934:Other saints
2741:Mother Irini
2506:Macarius III
2401:Alexander II
2361:Theodosius I
2351:Dioscorus II
2326:Theophilus I
2311:Athanasius I
1404:(in Italian)
1386:. Retrieved
1377:
1365:. Retrieved
1350:
1334:. Retrieved
1319:
1306:. Retrieved
1291:
1278:. Retrieved
1272:
1259:. Retrieved
1254:
1238:. Retrieved
1220:
1200:
1188:. Retrieved
1173:
1160:. Retrieved
1145:
1132:. Retrieved
1117:
1104:. Retrieved
1089:
1067:. Retrieved
1065:(in Italian)
1062:
1052:
1040:. Retrieved
1036:MemOria News
1035:
1026:
1018:the original
1013:
1004:
992:
965:
923:
911:
899:
887:
875:
870:, p. 9.
863:
851:
846:, p. 7.
839:
827:
815:
803:
791:
779:
767:
755:
743:
731:
709:, p. 8.
657:
645:
640:, p. 6.
633:
628:, p. 5.
621:
609:
597:
572:World War II
565:
541:
531:
478:Hagia Sophia
459:
429:
425:
414:
400:
382:
378:
362:
343:
337:
333:
326:each other.
315:
291:
267:
243:, they gave
238:
225:
221:
217:
174:Βαρσανούφιος
166:Barsanuphius
165:
164:
2491:Gabriel VII
2481:Macarius II
2451:Michael III
2356:Timothy III
2336:Dioscorus I
2306:Alexander I
2276:Demetrius I
2133:Nag Hammadi
1872:Evangelists
1739:Bartholomew
1106:15 November
970:Safran 2014
580:air bombing
436:Mount Athos
374:discernment
3053:563 deaths
3022:Categories
2957:Euphrosyne
2899:Paphnutius
2871:Anchorites
2731:Horsiesius
2461:Cosmas III
2441:Michael II
2406:Theodore I
2386:Benjamin I
2381:Andronicus
2376:Anastasius
2341:Timothy II
2266:Agrippinus
2148:Philotheos
2043:Gallicanus
1978:Chiaffredo
1933:Abaskhiron
1463:Patriarchs
1367:20 January
1308:20 January
1261:21 January
1240:20 January
1162:20 January
1134:20 January
1069:20 January
1042:20 January
943:Paoli 2012
590:References
466:Synaxarion
451:Veneration
146:Influenced
136:Influences
2894:Onuphrius
2826:Petronius
2736:Hospitius
2721:Bashnouna
2486:Matthew I
2471:Zacharias
2456:Gabriel I
2446:Cosmas II
2431:Simeon II
2411:Michael I
2346:Peter III
2321:Timothy I
2286:Dionysius
2256:Markianos
2143:Philomena
2023:Epimachus
1983:Colluthus
1968:Catherine
1958:Bashnouna
1948:Apollonia
1804:Disciples
1711:Sarathiel
1633:Theotokos
1588:Zechariah
1578:Zephaniah
1257:: 405–431
576:rainstorm
490:synaxaria
462:feast day
397:Origenism
199:romanized
179:romanized
125:Patronage
2967:Candidus
2914:Shenouda
2806:Patapios
2726:Hilarion
2511:Cyril VI
2496:John XIV
2476:Cyril II
2436:Joseph I
2396:Simeon I
2366:Peter IV
2316:Peter II
2281:Heraclas
2261:Celadion
2203:Wadamoun
2198:Veronica
2178:Theoclia
2013:Dorothea
1842:Silvanus
1832:Philemon
1817:Barnabas
1769:Matthias
1726:Apostles
1706:Zedekiel
1603:Jeremiah
1573:Habakkuk
1505:Prophets
480:next to
287:ordained
268:Born in
251:and the
205:Barsanūf
2942:Ambrose
2924:Zosimas
2801:Parsoma
2521:Bishops
2501:Cyril V
2466:Abraham
2421:Mark II
2416:John IV
2391:Agathon
2331:Cyril I
2301:Peter I
2291:Theonas
2251:Eumenes
2236:Avilius
2231:Anianus
2123:Mohrael
2108:Maurice
2008:Demiana
1953:Barbara
1943:Arianus
1928:Abanoub
1905:Martyrs
1880:Matthew
1852:Timothy
1847:Stephen
1812:Apollos
1764:Matthew
1716:Ananiel
1696:Raphael
1691:Gabriel
1686:Michael
1666:Zeitoun
1651:Belarus
1613:Ezekiel
1593:Malachi
1553:Obadiah
1471:Abraham
1388:2 April
1336:2 April
1280:3 April
1190:3 April
1081:Sources
568:Spanish
550:Moorish
498:Salento
405:virtues
354:Letters
278:recluse
210:Italian
201::
194:برسانوف
181::
2987:Verena
2919:Thomas
2909:Pijimi
2889:Misael
2836:Poemen
2831:Pishoy
2371:Damian
2271:Julian
2246:Justus
2241:Kedron
2226:Mark I
2173:Thecla
2138:Otimus
2113:Memnon
2093:Malati
2063:Gereon
2048:George
1923:Abāmūn
1918:Abāmūn
1794:Thomas
1784:Philip
1734:Andrew
1701:Suriel
1661:Warraq
1656:Poland
1646:Assiut
1618:Daniel
1608:Baruch
1598:Isaiah
1583:Haggai
1523:Samuel
1486:Joseph
1358:
1327:
1299:
1231:
1207:
1181:
1153:
1125:
1097:
557:relics
401:gnosis
306:Coptic
264:Hermit
234:hermit
190:Arabic
104:shrine
102:Major
74:c. 545
2879:Karas
2796:Pambo
2716:Awgin
2674:Monks
2426:James
2218:Popes
2208:Wanas
2193:Varus
2158:Sarah
2128:Moura
2118:Menas
2003:Dasya
1857:Titus
1789:Simon
1779:Peter
1563:Nahum
1558:Jonah
1543:Micah
1533:Hosea
1528:David
1513:Moses
1481:Jacob
1476:Isaac
1382:(PDF)
1225:(PDF)
553:siege
385:Bible
370:Syria
366:Egypt
330:Death
270:Egypt
170:Greek
115:Feast
2904:Paul
2884:Mary
2706:Amun
2678:nuns
2676:and
2153:Rais
1895:John
1890:Luke
1885:Mark
1774:Paul
1759:Jude
1754:John
1568:Noah
1548:Joel
1538:Amos
1390:2024
1369:2024
1356:ISBN
1338:2024
1325:ISBN
1310:2024
1297:ISBN
1282:2024
1263:2024
1242:2024
1229:ISBN
1205:ISBN
1192:2024
1179:ISBN
1164:2024
1151:ISBN
1136:2024
1123:ISBN
1108:2023
1095:ISBN
1071:2024
1044:2024
561:vita
534:monk
506:Oria
484:and
318:John
274:Gaza
259:Life
228:(in
130:Oria
109:Oria
71:Died
59:Oria
1518:Job
582:by
224:or
3024::
1253:.
1061:.
1034:.
1012:.
977:^
950:^
935:^
714:^
699:^
684:^
669:^
508:.
289:.
255:.
220:,
212::
208:;
196:,
192::
188:;
176:,
172::
156:,
152:,
1447:e
1440:t
1433:v
1392:.
1371:.
1340:.
1312:.
1284:.
1265:.
1244:.
1213:.
1194:.
1166:.
1138:.
1110:.
1073:.
1046:.
918:.
523:.
168:(
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
