285:. This was the first antibiotic that was isolated in pure and crystallised form. But the discovery was forgotten. It was rediscovered by two American scientists C.L. Alsberg and O.M. Black in 1912, and gave the name mycophenolic acid. The compound was eventually demonstrated to have antiviral, antifungal, antibacterial, anticancer, and antipsoriasis activities. Although it is not commercialised as antibiotic due to its adverse effects, its modified compound (ester derivative) is an approved
259:. A small mouse died within a minute of exposure. He identified several strains of moulds that could produce these toxic fumes. However, he incorrectly identified the main chemical compound as diethylarsine. (It was only in 1921 that the English chemist Frederick Challenger correctly described it as
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In the early 1830s there was an epidemic of sudden infant deaths of unknown cause. Gosio began to investigate the cause. Suspecting the source of the epidemic as coming from the environment, he tested moulds growing inside the houses. At the time wallpapers were most commonly decorated with
194:. This was the first antibiotic compound isolated in pure and crystallised form. Though the original compound was abandoned in clinical practice due to its adverse effects, its chemical derivative mycophenolate mofetil became the drug of choice as an
214:, Italy. His father Giacomo Gosio, a veterinarian, died just when Bartolomeo completed his elementary education, and he was brought up by his mother Antonietta Troya. He studied medicine at the
251:. In 1891 he correctly identified the causative agent as fumes produced by the moulds growing on the wallpapers. He isolated the fumes as mixture of highly
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163:(17 March 1863 – 13 April 1944) was an Italian medical scientist. He discovered a toxic fume, eponymously named "Gosio gas", which is produced by
255:, and this mixture was eventually named "Gosio gas" after him. He demonstrated that the fumes easily killed laboratory rats by paralysing their
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222:). He received his medical degree in 1888. He was appointed at the Laboratory of Bacteriology and Chemistry of the National Hygiene Institute (
281:.) In 1896 he could isolate the crystals of the compound, which he successfully demonstrated as the active antibacterial compound against the
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Gosio discovered a novel antibiotic agent in 1893 from a fungus. He collected the fungus from spoiled corn and named it
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Allison, A. C.; Kowalski, W. J.; Muller, C. D.; Eugui, E. M. (2006). "Mechanisms of action of mycophenolic acid".
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in kidney, heart, and liver transplantations, and is marketed under the brands CellCept (mycophenolate mofetil;
594:
Bentley, Ronald (2000). "Mycophenolic Acid: A One
Hundred Year Odyssey from Antibiotic to Immunosuppressant".
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Silverman
Kitchin, Jennifer E.; Pomeranz, Miriam Keltz; Pak, Grace; Washenik, Ken; Shupack, Jerome L. (1997).
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Regueira, T. B.; Kildegaard, K. R.; Hansen, B. G.; Mortensen, U. H.; Hertweck, C.; Nielsen, J. (2011).
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Scientific Laboratory of the Public Health Service (
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Bentley, R (2001). "Bartolomeo Gosio, 1863-1944: an appreciation".
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Natural
Products: Drug Discovery and Therapeutic Medicine
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Bartolomeo Gosio at the Cannes
Medical Conference 1920
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232:Laboratori Scientifici della Direzione di SanitĂ
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502:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
198:in kidney, heart, and liver transplantations.
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445:The Elements of Murder: A History of Poison
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543:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
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413:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb17143.x
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319:Advances in Applied Microbiology
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661:19th-century Italian scientists
267:Discovery of mycophenolic acid
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646:Italian public health doctors
515:10.1016/S0190-9622(97)70147-6
331:10.1016/S0065-2164(01)48005-1
224:Istituto Superiore di SanitĂ
145:Istituto Superiore di SanitĂ
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220:Sapienza University of Rome
101:Sapienza University of Rome
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651:University of Turin alumni
185:Penicillium brevicompactum
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287:immunosuppressant drug
238:Discovery of Gosio gas
173:antibacterial compound
442:Emsley, John (2006).
365:Jones, Roger (2008).
563:10.1128/AEM.03015-10
555:2011ApEnM..77.3035R
273:Penicillium glaucum
216:University of Turin
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253:volatile compounds
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191:Bacillus anthracis
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202:Biography
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