2548:
1418:
2620:
163:
1757:
2584:
2608:
2560:
2596:
2572:
1547:
649:, whose barycenter is located on average 4,671 km (2,902 mi) from Earth's center, which is 74% of Earth's radius of 6,378 km (3,963 mi). When the two bodies are of similar masses, the barycenter will generally be located between them and both bodies will orbit around it. This is the case for
129:
108:
89:
68:
52:
1813:
To calculate the actual motion of the Sun, only the motions of the four giant planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune) need to be considered. The contributions of all other planets, dwarf planets, etc. are negligible. If the four giant planets were on a straight line on the same side of the Sun,
644:
If one of the two orbiting bodies is much more massive than the other and the bodies are relatively close to one another, the barycenter will typically be located within the more massive object. In this case, rather than the two bodies appearing to orbit a point between them, the less massive body
1956:(Einsteinian gravitation), complications arise because, while it is possible, within reasonable approximations, to define the barycenter, we find that the associated coordinate system does not fully reflect the inequality of clock rates at different locations.
1752:{\displaystyle {a \over R_{\odot }}\cdot {m_{\mathrm {planet} } \over m_{\odot }}>1\;\Rightarrow \;{a\cdot m_{\mathrm {planet} }}>{R_{\odot }\cdot m_{\odot }}\approx 2.3\times 10^{11}\;m_{\oplus }\;{\mbox{km}}\approx 1530\;m_{\oplus }\;{\mbox{AU}}}
847:
2481:
Kaib, Nathan A.; Becker, Andrew C.; Jones, R. Lynne; Puckett, Andrew W.; Bizyaev, Dmitry; Dilday, Benjamin; Frieman, Joshua A.; Oravetz, Daniel J.; Pan, Kaike; Quinn, Thomas; Schneider, Donald P.; Watters, Shannon (2009). "2006
1924:
1536:
1971:
or move at various velocities, so the world-time must be synchronized with some ideal clock that is assumed to be very far from the whole self-gravitating system. This time standard is called
735:
950:. The terms "primary" and "secondary" are used to distinguish between involved participants, with the larger being the primary and the smaller being the secondary.
677:; despite the Sun being a thousandfold more massive than Jupiter, their barycenter is slightly outside the Sun due to the relatively large distance between them.
2155:
For objects at such high eccentricity, barycentric coordinates are more stable than heliocentric coordinates for a given epoch because the barycentric
2640:
2174:
1846:
685:
558:
2547:
2450:
2261:
645:
will appear to orbit about the more massive body, while the more massive body might be observed to wobble slightly. This is the case for the
2454:
1773:'s orbit (57,900,000 km, 0.387 AU), the Sun–Jupiter barycenter would be approximately 55,000 km from the center of the Sun (
1079:
1055:
2249:
330:
399:
1477:
2434:
2407:
669:. When the less massive object is far away, the barycenter can be located outside the more massive object. This is the case for
2376:
220:
1810:
10 km, 68 AU), the Sun–Earth barycenter would still be within the Sun (just over 30,000 km from the center).
608:
630:
2538:
2645:
1814:
the combined center of mass would lie at about 1.17 solar radii, or just over 810,000 km, above the Sun's surface.
2277:
1972:
551:
484:
1967:. Individual clocks of similar construction will not agree with this standard, because they are subject to differing
2655:
2169:
2488:
2221:
1383:
1836:. Hence, the position of the barycenter varies too, and it is possible in some systems for the barycenter to be
479:
394:
591:
2226:
1989:
1968:
350:
584:
544:
267:
452:
287:
195:
2302:"Evidence that Pluto's atmosphere does not collapse from occultations including the 2013 May 04 event"
1952:(Newtonian gravitation), this definition simplifies calculations and introduces no known problems. In
2507:
2351:
2313:
1829:
325:
282:
272:
200:
135:
33:
934:
the more massive body, that body will appear to "wobble" rather than to follow a discernible orbit.
2612:
2199:
2189:
2070:
1963:
The coordinate systems involve a world-time, i.e. a global time coordinate that could be set up by
1949:
1803:
947:
367:
205:
17:
1824:. But all celestial orbits are elliptical, and the distance between the bodies varies between the
1817:
The calculations above are based on the mean distance between the bodies and yield the mean value
2600:
2588:
2523:
2497:
2458:
2422:
1953:
440:
315:
2253:
842:{\displaystyle r_{1}=a\cdot {\frac {m_{2}}{m_{1}+m_{2}}}={\frac {a}{1+{\frac {m_{1}}{m_{2}}}}}}
2430:
2403:
2257:
2093:
1999:
1255:
658:
355:
292:
171:
1983:
Barycentric osculating orbital elements for some objects in the Solar System are as follows:
722:. In a simple two-body case, the distance from the center of the primary to the barycenter,
2564:
2515:
2331:
2321:
2241:
2156:
2053:
1770:
707:
701:
638:
525:
474:
239:
183:
2037:
1994:
1957:
897:
684:
are non-rotating coordinates with the origin at the barycenter of two or more bodies. The
662:
530:
435:
345:
320:
633:
point, not a physical object. It is an important concept in fields such as astronomy and
2511:
2317:
1417:
2624:
2552:
2184:
2179:
2012:
711:
622:
502:
418:
412:
335:
260:
254:
249:
2519:
2650:
2634:
2301:
2242:
1199:
654:
637:. The distance from a body's center of mass to the barycenter can be calculated as a
507:
340:
297:
78:
2527:
2372:
162:
2619:
2576:
1422:
943:
719:
689:
646:
634:
225:
215:
210:
2326:
1541:
Hence, the barycenter of the Sun–planet system will lie outside the Sun only if:
2194:
2115:
666:
389:
139:
2132:
1919:{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{1-e}}>{\frac {r_{1}}{R_{1}}}>{\frac {1}{1+e}}}
1290:
1068:
981:
963:
469:
425:
384:
58:
629:
one another and is the point about which the bodies orbit. A barycenter is a
2021:
1964:
1106:
715:
572:
995:(km) is the average orbital distance between the centers of the two bodies
2005:
863:
2336:
2244:
Newton's
Gravity: An Introductory Guide to the Mechanics of the Universe
2159:
is not as greatly affected by where
Jupiter is on its 11.8 year orbit.
1280:
670:
2300:
Olkin, C. B.; Young, L. A.; Borncamp, D.; et al. (January 2015).
1960:
explains how to set up barycentric coordinates in general relativity.
1329:
1004:(km) is the distance from the center of the primary to the barycenter
614:
597:
2571:
2502:
1825:
1416:
1379:
1209:
1191:
1161:
1041:
a value less than one means the barycenter lies inside the primary
650:
626:
190:
128:
118:
107:
95:
88:
74:
67:
51:
2360:
The Sol-Jupiter barycenter sits 1.07 times the radius of the sun
1367:
1169:
889:
99:
1531:{\displaystyle {\frac {a}{R_{1}}}\cdot {\frac {m_{2}}{m_{1}}}.}
1236:
674:
114:
714:
of each body. This is an important concept in the fields of
688:(ICRS) is a barycentric coordinate system centered on the
32:"Barycenter" redirects here. For the general concept, see
2486:: A Likely Long-Period Comet from the Inner Oort Cloud".
1445:—which is true for the Sun and any planet—then the ratio
1386:
because their barycenter does not lie within either body.
2455:"Barycentric Osculating Orbital Elements for 2007 TG422"
113:
Two bodies with an extreme difference in mass, like the
2402:, Richmond, Virginia: Willmann-Bell, pp. 165–168,
94:
Two bodies with significant difference in masses, like
2352:"If You Think Jupiter Orbits the Sun, You're Mistaken"
1743:
1718:
2536:
1849:
1550:
1480:
872:
is the distance between the centers of the two bodies
738:
27:
Center of mass of multiple bodies orbiting each other
942:
The following table sets out some examples from the
1404:
The Sun orbits a barycenter just above its surface.
1918:
1751:
1530:
841:
2286:barycentre lies 1700 km below the Earth's surface
73:Two bodies with slightly different masses, like
1366:The Earth has a perceptible "wobble". Also see
2471:(Select Ephemeris Type:Elements and Center:@0)
980:is the mass of the secondary in Earth masses (
552:
8:
1936: = 0.0484, just fails to qualify:
962:is the mass of the primary in Earth masses (
2427:Essential Relativistic Celestial Mechanics
1840:the more massive body. This occurs where:
1741:
1730:
1716:
1705:
1622:
1618:
559:
545:
147:
2501:
2335:
2325:
1898:
1887:
1877:
1871:
1850:
1848:
1742:
1735:
1717:
1710:
1699:
1679:
1666:
1661:
1635:
1634:
1623:
1604:
1578:
1577:
1571:
1560:
1551:
1549:
1517:
1507:
1501:
1490:
1481:
1479:
828:
818:
812:
800:
788:
775:
764:
758:
743:
737:
2375:. Space Place @ NASA. 8 September 2005.
2175:Centers of gravity in non-uniform fields
1985:
1045:
686:International Celestial Reference System
2543:
2240:MacDougal, Douglas W. (December 2012).
2211:
1395:The Sun's wobble is barely perceptible.
1359:
450:
365:
169:
155:
57:Two bodies with similar mass, like the
1838:sometimes inside and sometimes outside
1762:—that is, where the planet is massive
1382:and Charon are sometimes considered a
866:from body 1's center to the barycenter
2379:from the original on 23 December 2010
2250:Springer Science & Business Media
1979:Selected barycentric orbital elements
946:. Figures are given rounded to three
7:
134:Two bodies with the same mass with
18:Barycentric coordinates (astronomy)
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
25:
2278:"Center of Gravity - an overview"
1425:'s barycenter relative to the Sun
1013:(km) is the radius of the primary
331:Kepler's laws of planetary motion
2618:
2606:
2594:
2582:
2570:
2558:
2546:
161:
127:
106:
87:
66:
50:
2641:Astronomical coordinate systems
930:When the barycenter is located
2400:Mathematical Astronomy Morsels
1619:
1:
1929:The Sun–Jupiter system, with
1802:). But even if the Earth had
706:The barycenter is one of the
2327:10.1016/j.icarus.2014.03.026
138:elliptic orbits, common for
2520:10.1088/0004-637X/695/1/268
1973:Barycentric Coordinate Time
625:of two or more bodies that
485:Tsiolkovsky rocket equation
2672:
2453:output (30 January 2011).
2170:Barycentric Dynamical Time
2130:
2114:
2091:
2068:
2052:
2036:
2020:
1048:Primary–secondary examples
938:Primary–secondary examples
900:of the secondary's orbit,
699:
607:
604: 'heavy' and
590:
454:Engineering and efficiency
273:Bi-elliptic transfer orbit
31:
2489:The Astrophysical Journal
2222:Oxford English Dictionary
1938:1.05 < 1.07 > 0.954
1969:gravitational potentials
1944:Relativistic corrections
480:Propellant mass fraction
379:Gravitational influences
44:Animation of barycenters
2429:. London: Adam Hilger.
2227:Oxford University Press
682:barycentric coordinates
621: 'center') is the
351:Specific orbital energy
2373:"What's a Barycenter?"
1920:
1753:
1532:
1426:
843:
661:, as well as for many
268:Hohmann transfer orbit
2038:C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake)
1921:
1754:
1533:
1420:
844:
464:Preflight engineering
196:Argument of periapsis
2398:Meeus, Jean (1997),
2282:ScienceDirect Topics
2022:C/2006 P1 (McNaught)
1847:
1548:
1478:
1413:Example with the Sun
736:
520:Propulsive maneuvers
34:Barycenter (physics)
2646:Celestial mechanics
2512:2009ApJ...695..268K
2423:Brumberg, Victor A.
2318:2015Icar..246..220O
2200:Weight distribution
2190:Mass point geometry
1950:classical mechanics
1828:, depending on the
1051:
948:significant figures
497:Efficiency measures
400:Sphere of influence
369:Celestial mechanics
151:Part of a series on
1954:general relativity
1916:
1766:far from the Sun.
1749:
1747:
1722:
1528:
1427:
1046:
892:of the two bodies.
839:
659:natural satellites
316:Dynamical friction
2656:Geometric centers
2358:. 9 August 2016.
2263:978-1-4614-5444-1
2153:
2152:
1914:
1893:
1866:
1746:
1721:
1610:
1566:
1523:
1496:
1471:approximates to:
1356:
1355:
837:
834:
795:
657:, one of Pluto's
647:Earth–Moon system
569:
568:
419:Lagrangian points
356:Vis-viva equation
326:Kepler's equation
173:Orbital mechanics
16:(Redirected from
2663:
2623:
2622:
2611:
2610:
2609:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2575:
2574:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2551:
2550:
2542:
2532:
2531:
2505:
2478:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2461:on 28 March 2014
2457:. Archived from
2447:
2441:
2440:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2329:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2247:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2225:(2nd ed.).
2216:
2157:osculating orbit
2140:
2138:
2137:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2071:(308933) 2006 SQ
2054:C/2006 M4 (SWAN)
1986:
1939:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1899:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1882:
1881:
1872:
1867:
1865:
1851:
1809:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1788:
1785:
1758:
1756:
1755:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1739:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1704:
1703:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1671:
1670:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1572:
1567:
1565:
1564:
1552:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1512:
1511:
1502:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1482:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1459:
1456:
1444:
1405:
1402:
1396:
1393:
1387:
1377:
1371:
1364:
1342:
1308:
1299:
1259:
1218:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1145:
1142:
1052:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1029:
1026:
926:
848:
846:
845:
840:
838:
836:
835:
833:
832:
823:
822:
813:
801:
796:
794:
793:
792:
780:
779:
769:
768:
759:
748:
747:
712:elliptical orbit
702:Two-body problem
696:Two-body problem
663:binary asteroids
639:two-body problem
618:
611:
601:
594:
561:
554:
547:
526:Orbital maneuver
475:Payload fraction
455:
436:Lissajous orbits
370:
341:Orbital velocity
288:Hyperbolic orbit
184:Orbital elements
174:
165:
148:
131:
110:
91:
70:
54:
21:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2617:
2607:
2605:
2595:
2593:
2583:
2581:
2569:
2559:
2557:
2545:
2537:
2535:
2485:
2480:
2479:
2475:
2464:
2462:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2437:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2410:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2382:
2380:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2288:(6370km–1700km)
2287:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2264:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2204:
2165:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2096:
2095:
2094:(87269) 2000 OO
2092:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2015:
2008:
1997:
1995:Semi-major axis
1981:
1946:
1937:
1935:
1903:
1883:
1873:
1855:
1845:
1844:
1823:
1807:
1795:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1769:If Jupiter had
1731:
1706:
1695:
1675:
1662:
1630:
1600:
1573:
1556:
1546:
1545:
1513:
1503:
1486:
1476:
1475:
1466:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1436:
1430:
1415:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1399:
1394:
1390:
1378:
1374:
1365:
1361:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1289:(0.000955
1288:
1287:
1260:
1253:
1252:
1219:
1215:
1207:
1206:
1152:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1118:
1117:
1104:
1097:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1074:
1071:
1066:
1065:
1050:
1044:
1036:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1003:
987:
984:
979:
969:
966:
961:
940:
925:
914:
908:
906:
898:semi-major axis
887:
880:
861:
824:
814:
805:
784:
771:
770:
760:
739:
734:
733:
729:, is given by:
728:
704:
698:
692:'s barycenter.
565:
536:
535:
531:Orbit insertion
521:
513:
512:
498:
490:
489:
465:
457:
453:
446:
445:
441:Lyapunov orbits
432:
431:
415:
405:
404:
380:
372:
368:
361:
360:
346:Surface gravity
321:Escape velocity
311:
303:
302:
283:Parabolic orbit
279:
278:
245:
243:
240:two-body orbits
231:
230:
221:Semi-major axis
186:
176:
172:
146:
145:
144:
143:
142:
132:
123:
122:
121:
111:
103:
102:
92:
83:
82:
81:
71:
63:
62:
61:asteroid system
55:
46:
45:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2669:
2667:
2659:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2627:
2615:
2603:
2591:
2579:
2567:
2555:
2534:
2533:
2496:(1): 268–275.
2483:
2473:
2442:
2435:
2414:
2408:
2390:
2364:
2343:
2292:
2269:
2262:
2232:
2219:"barycentre".
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2185:Lagrange point
2182:
2180:Center of mass
2177:
2172:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2089:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2013:Orbital period
2010:
2003:
1992:
1980:
1977:
1945:
1942:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1890:
1886:
1880:
1876:
1870:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1821:
1806:'s orbit (1.02
1793:
1782:
1760:
1759:
1738:
1734:
1729:
1726:
1713:
1709:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1669:
1665:
1660:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1633:
1629:
1626:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1607:
1603:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1576:
1570:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1539:
1538:
1527:
1520:
1516:
1510:
1506:
1500:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1464:
1453:
1441:
1434:
1421:Motion of the
1414:
1411:
1407:
1406:
1397:
1388:
1372:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1303:
1301:
1294:
1291:
1285:
1283:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1222: 19,600
1220:
1213:
1204:
1202:
1197:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1167:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1150:
1139:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1069:
1063:
1058:
1043:
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1023:
1014:
1010:
1005:
1001:
996:
990:
985:
982:
977:
972:
967:
964:
959:
953:
952:
939:
936:
923:
912:
907:, is given by
904:
894:
893:
885:
878:
873:
867:
859:
850:
849:
831:
827:
821:
817:
811:
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804:
799:
791:
787:
783:
778:
774:
767:
763:
757:
754:
751:
746:
742:
726:
700:Main article:
697:
694:
680:In astronomy,
623:center of mass
567:
566:
564:
563:
556:
549:
541:
538:
537:
534:
533:
528:
522:
519:
518:
515:
514:
511:
510:
505:
503:Gravity assist
499:
496:
495:
492:
491:
488:
487:
482:
477:
472:
466:
463:
462:
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458:
451:
448:
447:
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443:
438:
430:
429:
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411:
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407:
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403:
402:
397:
392:
387:
381:
378:
377:
374:
373:
366:
363:
362:
359:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
336:Orbital period
333:
328:
323:
318:
312:
309:
308:
305:
304:
301:
300:
298:Decaying orbit
295:
290:
285:
277:
276:
270:
263:
261:Transfer orbit
259:
258:
257:
255:Elliptic orbit
252:
250:Circular orbit
246:
237:
236:
233:
232:
229:
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223:
218:
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208:
203:
198:
193:
187:
182:
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178:
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170:
167:
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158:
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133:
126:
125:
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112:
105:
104:
93:
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84:
72:
65:
64:
56:
49:
48:
47:
43:
42:
41:
40:
26:
24:
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2668:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
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2636:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2614:
2604:
2602:
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2590:
2580:
2578:
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2566:
2556:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2540:
2529:
2525:
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2509:
2504:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2490:
2477:
2474:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2446:
2443:
2438:
2436:0-7503-0062-0
2432:
2428:
2424:
2418:
2415:
2411:
2409:0-943396-51-4
2405:
2401:
2394:
2391:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2356:HowStuffWorks
2353:
2347:
2344:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2296:
2293:
2289:
2283:
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2270:
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2259:
2255:
2251:
2246:
2245:
2236:
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2224:
2223:
2215:
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2206:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
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2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2160:
2158:
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2145:
2142:
2139:
2129:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2090:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2067:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1984:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1943:
1941:
1932:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1900:
1895:
1888:
1884:
1878:
1874:
1868:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1852:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1820:
1815:
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1792:
1781:
1772:
1767:
1765:
1736:
1732:
1727:
1724:
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1700:
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1680:
1676:
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1624:
1615:
1612:
1605:
1601:
1574:
1568:
1561:
1557:
1553:
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1543:
1542:
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1518:
1514:
1508:
1504:
1498:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1463:
1452:
1440:
1433:
1424:
1419:
1412:
1401:
1398:
1392:
1389:
1385:
1384:binary system
1381:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1363:
1360:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1338:1,430,000,000
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1302:
1297:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1257:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1216:
1212:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
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1185:
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1179:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1149:
1138:
1131:
1124:
1121:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1103:
1100:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1033:
1022:
1015:
1009:
1006:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
976:
973:
970:
958:
955:
954:
951:
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945:
937:
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933:
928:
922:
918:
911:
903:
899:
891:
884:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
858:
855:
854:
853:
852:where :
829:
825:
819:
815:
809:
806:
802:
797:
789:
785:
781:
776:
772:
765:
761:
755:
752:
749:
744:
740:
732:
731:
730:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
703:
695:
693:
691:
687:
683:
678:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
642:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
617:
610:
606:
603:
600:
593:
589:
586:
585:Ancient Greek
582:
578:
574:
562:
557:
555:
550:
548:
543:
542:
540:
539:
532:
529:
527:
524:
523:
517:
516:
509:
508:Oberth effect
506:
504:
501:
500:
494:
493:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
467:
461:
460:
456:
449:
442:
439:
437:
434:
433:
427:
423:
422:
420:
414:
413:N-body orbits
409:
408:
401:
398:
396:
395:Perturbations
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
382:
376:
375:
371:
364:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
313:
307:
306:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
280:
274:
271:
269:
265:
264:
262:
256:
253:
251:
248:
247:
241:
235:
234:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
216:Orbital nodes
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
188:
185:
180:
179:
175:
168:
164:
160:
159:
156:Astrodynamics
154:
150:
149:
141:
137:
130:
120:
116:
109:
101:
97:
90:
80:
76:
69:
60:
53:
39:
35:
30:
19:
2613:Solar System
2493:
2487:
2476:
2463:. Retrieved
2459:the original
2445:
2426:
2417:
2399:
2393:
2381:. Retrieved
2367:
2359:
2355:
2346:
2337:10261/167246
2309:
2305:
2295:
2285:
2281:
2272:
2243:
2235:
2220:
2214:
2154:
1982:
1962:
1947:
1930:
1928:
1837:
1833:
1830:eccentricity
1818:
1816:
1812:
1790:
1779:
1768:
1763:
1761:
1540:
1461:
1450:
1438:
1431:
1428:
1423:Solar System
1400:
1391:
1375:
1362:
1210:
1208:(0.121
1147:
1136:
1122:
1112:
1101:
1084:
1060:
1047:
1031:
1020:
1007:
998:
992:
974:
956:
944:Solar System
941:
931:
929:
920:
916:
909:
901:
895:
882:
875:
869:
856:
851:
723:
720:astrophysics
705:
690:Solar System
681:
679:
667:binary stars
643:
635:astrophysics
615:
612:
605:
598:
595:
588:
580:
576:
570:
293:Radial orbit
244:eccentricity
226:True anomaly
211:Mean anomaly
201:Eccentricity
140:binary stars
38:
29:
2601:Outer space
2589:Spaceflight
2312:: 220–225.
2195:Roll center
2116:90377 Sedna
2016:(in years)
1304:778,000,000
1251:150,000,000
583:; from
426:Halo orbits
390:Hill sphere
206:Inclination
2635:Categories
2465:31 January
2383:20 January
2252:. p.
2248:. Berlin:
2207:References
581:barycentre
577:barycenter
470:Mass ratio
385:Barycenter
59:90 Antiope
2565:Astronomy
2503:0901.1690
1965:telemetry
1860:−
1737:⊕
1725:≈
1712:⊕
1693:×
1687:≈
1681:⊙
1673:⋅
1668:⊙
1628:⋅
1620:⇒
1606:⊙
1569:⋅
1562:⊙
1499:⋅
1341:(9.58 AU)
1307:(5.20 AU)
1269:0.000646
1080:Secondary
756:⋅
716:astronomy
631:dynamical
573:astronomy
310:Equations
238:Types of
136:eccentric
2528:16987581
2451:Horizons
2425:(1991).
2377:Archived
2163:See also
2009:(in AU)
2006:Apoapsis
1958:Brumberg
1349:696,000
1346:409,000
1326:333,000
1315:696,000
1312:742,000
1295:☉
1277:333,000
1266:696,000
1241:333,000
1205:0.000254
1177:384,000
888:are the
864:distance
673:and the
98:and the
2625:Science
2553:Physics
2539:Portals
2508:Bibcode
2314:Bibcode
2229:. 1989.
2149:11,200
2133:2007 TG
2126:11,400
2110:12,800
2087:22,600
2064:47,000
2048:70,000
2032:92,600
1975:(TCB).
1934:Jupiter
1798:
1776:
1771:Mercury
1469:
1447:
1281:Jupiter
1196:0.0021
1174:0.0123
1155:
1133:
1056:Primary
1039:
1017:
862:is the
710:of the
671:Jupiter
616:kéntron
609:κέντρον
2526:
2433:
2406:
2306:Icarus
2260:
2107:1,078
2084:1,570
2061:2,600
2058:1,300
2045:3,410
2042:1,700
2029:4,100
2026:2,050
1990:Object
1800:≈ 0.08
1352:0.588
1330:Saturn
1244:Earth
1228:1,150
1225:2,110
1200:Charon
1186:0.732
1183:6,380
1180:4,670
932:within
890:masses
655:Charon
575:, the
79:Charon
2577:Stars
2524:S2CID
2498:arXiv
1826:apses
1380:Pluto
1368:tides
1334:95.2
1318:1.07
1231:1.83
1192:Pluto
1162:Earth
1129:(km)
1119:(km)
651:Pluto
627:orbit
599:barús
592:βαρύς
587:
191:Apsis
119:Earth
96:Earth
75:Pluto
2651:Mass
2467:2011
2431:ISBN
2404:ISBN
2385:2011
2258:ISBN
2146:967
2143:501
2123:937
2120:506
2104:549
2081:799
1998:(in
1896:>
1869:>
1804:Eris
1728:1530
1659:>
1613:>
1323:Sun
1274:Sun
1263:449
1170:Moon
896:The
881:and
718:and
708:foci
665:and
653:and
579:(or
117:and
100:Moon
77:and
2516:doi
2494:695
2484:372
2332:hdl
2322:doi
2310:246
2254:199
2136:422
2074:372
1948:In
1764:and
1690:2.3
1429:If
1286:318
1254:(1
1237:Sun
675:Sun
571:In
242:by
115:Sun
2637::
2522:.
2514:.
2506:.
2492:.
2482:SQ
2354:.
2330:.
2320:.
2308:.
2304:.
2284:.
2280:.
2256:.
2097:67
2002:)
2000:AU
1940:.
1832:,
1745:AU
1720:km
1701:11
1697:10
1437:≫
1256:AU
1247:1
1166:1
1109:)
1107:km
1098:)
1076:)
927:.
919:−
915:=
641:.
2541::
2530:.
2518::
2510::
2500::
2469:.
2439:.
2387:.
2340:.
2334::
2324::
2316::
2266:.
1931:e
1911:e
1908:+
1905:1
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1889:1
1885:R
1879:1
1875:r
1863:e
1857:1
1853:1
1834:e
1822:1
1819:r
1808:×
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1791:R
1787:/
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1708:m
1677:m
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1217:)
1214:♇
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1144:/
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1126:1
1123:R
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1102:a
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1091:(
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1028:/
1024:1
1021:r
1011:1
1008:R
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986:E
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978:2
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968:E
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960:1
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924:1
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879:1
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830:2
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810:+
807:1
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798:=
790:2
786:m
782:+
777:1
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766:2
762:m
753:a
750:=
745:1
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619:)
613:(
602:)
596:(
560:e
553:t
546:v
428:)
424:(
275:)
266:(
36:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
