279:
488:
552:. Following the disbandment of the 1st and 2nd Battalions, serving personnel were transferred to the 3rd Battalion in 1927. In the course of France's general mobilisation in 1939, 12 additional Battalions of Light Infantry (BIL) were created but the historic title of Battalions of Light Infantry of Africa (BILA) was retained only by those units continuing to serve in French North Africa. During 1939-40 both the BIL and the BILA served primarily as construction units, working on fortifications, railways and roads in France, Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco. All were disbanded between July and October 1940 following the
1029:
37:
270:(Royal order) creating this corps provided for 2 battalions, each of 8 companies. A third battalion was created in September 1833. According to the order the rank and file of these units were to be drawn from: (i) serving soldiers who had been sentenced to existing disciplinary companies and who had not completed their period of army service upon release; and (ii) civilian convicts who upon completing terms of imprisonment had still to meet their obligations for compulsory military service.
390:"Biribi" reached a peak between the 1880s and 90s, when it played its most conspicuous role. In May 1888 the corps was enlarged to 5 battalions, each of 6 companies. Three battalions (3rd, 4th and 5th) were based in Tunisia while the remaining units served in the southern districts of Algeria. A detachment of the 4th Btn. was posted to Indochina before 1914. On the eve of the First World War two battalions were on active service in Morocco. During 1914-18 3
346:
1045:. In operation in Morocco, with depots in Mcheyda and El Hadjeb in 19146. During the 1914-1918 war, the 2nd BILA remained stationed in North Africa, but contributed to the formation of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd BMILA, which were called up to fight in Belgium and in metropolitan France. It was disbanded in 1927, after the end of the Rif war. In 1939, it was reconstituted in embryonic form (a single company) in Corsica.
619:) was authorised with the battalion number in yellow on the collar. The medium blue greatcoat of the French infantry was worn on the march. A full dress uniform of dark blue tunic and red trousers (white trousers in hot weather) could be worn on parade or for off-duty wear. From World War I onwards the Bat' d'Af' were distinguished by "violet" (light purple/red) collar patch braiding and numbers on their
1112:
1101:
1090:
1195:("companies of the excluded" i.e. thieves) of the French Army, which were stationed at Aîn-Sefra in Southern Algeria. These penal units consisted of military convicts condemned to five years or more hard labour and were judged unworthy to carry weapons. By contrast the BILA, while strictly disciplined, were considered as armed and serving soldiers with a generally good combat record.
65:
656:
A peculiarity of the BILA was that until 1952 the various battalions did not have the right to carry standards, although this was a universal privilege accorded to other French army regiments. Entitlement to this and other distinctions was persistently argued by the "Association of Former
Officers of
466:
when called up for military service. However those who distinguished themselves "in the face of the enemy", or who had concluded more than eight months of service with good behaviour in the Light
Infantry of Africa, had the option of transferring to regular units of the army to complete their term of
575:
by manning a number of posts in the Bencat sector. Upon returning to
Tunisia in November 1952 it was merged with the depot detachments of the BILA. Now designated as the 3rd BILA, the unit was transferred to Algeria following Tunisian independence in November 1956. The battalion was reduced to one
1040:
On 28 November 1870, during the Franco-Prussian war, the battle of Beaune-la-Rolande took place where two companies of the 2nd BILA, which made up the
African Light Infantry Regiment, were engaged. From 1887 to 1896, the battalion was commanded by Antoine LĂ©onor de Perier, father of general
278:
332:
was besieged by 4,000 Moroccan tribesmen, who were eventually repelled. All three battalions in existence in 1907 were assigned to active service in
Morocco during the French occupation of that country. By 1914 the corps had been expanded to five battalions with depots in
1036:
Formed in 1832 ; disbanded in 1927. Created by order of 3 June 1832 at
Birkhadem, stationed at Bougie, then at Laghouat (Algiers) in 19005. On 1 January 1849, the 2nd BILA, under the command of battalion commander Etienney, was garrisoned at Miliana in Algeria.
612:, yellow collar numbers, and for full dress, red epaulettes with green woollen fringes. As light infantry the Bat' d'Af' wore silver buttons and rank braiding rather than the bronze or gold of the line regiments. A bugle horn appeared on buttons and other insignia.
305:
of the 1st BILA, under
Captain Lelievre, held off repeated assaults by several thousand Arabs. This action won the first battle honour for the corps and was subsequently commemorated in all battalions by memorial ceremonies on 6 February each year.
603:
Throughout most of their history the Bat' d'Af' wore the uniform of the French line infantry, modified according to the overseas conditions under which they had to serve and with some regimental distinctions. The latter included yellow
564:
A single company of the BILA was re-established in April 1944, becoming a full battalion in
September 1948. It was based at Tataouine, the original garrison of the Bat' d'Af'. This formation provided a marching battalion, renamed the
476:" (gangsters), anarchists, professional antimilitarists and thieves, delinquents filled with hatred of bourgeois society, men contemptuous of all morality, shirkers, pimps, knife-handlers, pickpockets... Today, they are soldiers."
443:
sympathies during the 1870s and the ringleaders of several mutinies in metropolitan regiments in the early 1900s. Finally, there were also some volunteers who chose for reasons of promotion or other motives to serve in the
408:
One of the considerations behind the creation and expansion of the French army's disciplinary battalions was the need to resolve a seeming contradiction: men whose crimes in civilian life had resulted in the loss of
537:
1716:
462:
Legislation dated 21 March 1905 specified that individuals sentenced to prison terms of six months or more, or who had been convicted of any offence twice or more, should be drafted into the
1711:
387:; and won honours during the First World War and in the various colonial wars. They also assumed the role of construction troops, building not only desert forts but also roads and bridges.
644:
appeared during the 1920s and 30s as an alternative to the kepi, which itself could be worn with khaki or white covers according to the occasion. White dress uniforms were reserved for
1216:
567:
615:
Prior to 1914, the most commonly worn uniform of these units was white fatigue dress with white covered kepi and blue waist sash. In colder weather a short dark blue jacket (
417:. As their enlistment in regular units could have spread indiscipline among young serving soldiers, the solution was to draft them into separate disciplinary battalions.
548:
Their bad reputation and doubts about their efficiency as a mean of rehabilitation led to the dissolution of most
Battalions of Light Infantry of Africa during the
576:
company in
October 1962, which was stationed near the French nuclear testing facilities in the Sahara from 1963 to 1966. This last remaining component of the
1171:("white cadres"), like the officers, were professional soldiers who served a term with the BILA before continuing their careers with other regiments. The
400:
with distinction (see Battle Honours and Fourragères below). The permanent units remained in French North Africa, providing garrisons and mobile columns.
1493:
435:
are commonly described as penal units, their purpose was not punishment but segregation in what were officially described as "redemptive combat units" (
1198:
Upon completion of their sentences the convicts of the disciplinary companies might however be required to complete their military service in the
459:
theories, the disciplinary battalions of the French Republic were supposed to show that criminals could be redeemed through hard work and combat.
1096:
1701:
1681:
1667:
1644:
1535:
1473:
1450:
1369:
1337:
1306:
1564:"Notice descriptive des nouveaux uniformes. (Décision ministérielle du 9 décembre 1914 mise à jour avec le modificatif du 28 janvier 1915)"
1423:
Jacques Sicard, pages 48-49 "Les Bataillons d' Infanterie Legere d'Afrique et leurs insignes, 1832-1972", Militaria Magazine Septembre 1994
384:
173:
1731:
1721:
1600:
Jacques Sicard, page 47 "Les Bataillons d' Infanterie Legere d'Afrique et leurs insignes, 1832-1972", Militaria Magazine Septembre 1994
1258:
Jacques Sicard, page 47 "Les Bataillons d' Infanterie Legere d'Afrique et leurs insignes, 1832-1972", Militaria Magazine Septembre 1994
1249:
Jacques Sicard, page 46 "Les Bataillons d' Infanterie Legere d'Afrique et leurs insignes, 1832-1972", Militaria Magazine Septembre 1994
1432:
Jacques Sicard, page 49 "Les Bataillons d'Infanterie Legere d'Afrique et leurs insignes, 1832-1972", Militaria Magazine Septembre 1994
290:
The newly raised Bat' d'Af' saw active service for the first time during the conquest of Algeria. They participated in operations at
1589:
487:
1163:
The difficult task of obtaining sufficient non-commissioned officers for the Bat' d'Af' was resolved by creating two categories of
225:, made up of men with prison records who still had to do their military service, or soldiers with serious disciplinary records.
1706:
1125:
1028:
439:). In addition to petty criminals and military offenders, the rank and file also included a number of soldiers suspected of
424:
was often older than that of the conscripts of metropolitan units called to do service at 20 years old. Where possible the
1211:
1267:
637:
397:
1042:
1384:
H-France Review, Dominique Kalifa, Biribi: les bagnes coloniaux de l'armée française, review by Richard S. Fogarty.
1348:
H-France Review, Dominique Kalifa, Biribi: les bagnes coloniaux de l'armée française, review by Richard S. Fogarty.
1321:
H-France Review, Dominique Kalifa, Biribi: les bagnes coloniaux de l'armée française, review by Richard S. Fogarty.
1147:
42:
992:(*) note that "on s'en fout" would be more accurately translated into "we don't give a fuck" than "we don't care"
1413:
1152:
628:
251:
263:
169:
1107:
536:
covering much of the body, as was customary in the French criminal underworld of the early 20th century (
1676:
Dominique Kalifa, 'Biribi. Les bagnes coloniaux de l'armée française', Paris, Perrin, 2009, 344 p.
1004:
243:
36:
1179:
who chose to remain with the Bat' d'Af' on promotion, after finishing their original terms of service.
1085:
1726:
473:
572:
518:
314:
95:
1137:
1132:
298:
283:
158:
1662:]. Officers and Soldiers #12. Translated by McKay, Alan. Paris: Histoire & Collections.
1639:]. Officers and Soldiers #11. Translated by McKay, Alan. Paris: Histoire & Collections.
1677:
1663:
1640:
1624:
Pierre Dufour, 'Les Bat' d'Af' : les Zéphyrs et les Joyeux (1831–1972)', Pygmalion, 2004
1585:
1531:
1489:
1469:
1446:
1365:
1333:
1302:
581:
345:
1385:
1349:
1322:
1142:
587:
Between 600,000 and 800,000 men served in the Bat' d'Af' from 1832 to 1970, mostly from the
553:
533:
414:
325:
239:
848:
549:
510:
495:
452:
392:
222:
201:
109:
17:
428:
were garrisoned separately from regular French and colonial troops to prevent brawling.
502:
376:
127:
113:
105:
91:
317:. On two occasions detached companies suffered heavy casualties during this campaign.
1695:
1078:
588:
451:
In opposition to prevailing assumptions about criminality at the time, influenced by
1516:
Planche n.1, "Uniformes et equipements Armée Française 1937", Ministere de la Guerre
1621:
Anthony Clayton, 'France, Soldiers, and Africa', Brassey's Defence Publishers, 1988
410:
185:
1111:
1100:
1089:
291:
1563:
1285:
1238:
641:
620:
513:, was sent for 33 months in the Bat' d'Af'. In 1890, he published a novel named
380:
181:
177:
81:
396:(temporary "marching battalions" formed for particular purposes) served on the
900:
592:
440:
302:
255:
123:
517:
where he described, in possibly exaggerated terms, the harsh treatment and
1584:
Ian Sumner and François Vauvillier, page 24 "The French Army 1939-45 (1),
896:
890:
645:
456:
1453:
259:
213:
294:
in 1835 and took part in the siege of Constantine the following year.
605:
371:
329:
70:
420:
The distinctive nature of these units meant that the average age of
509:(Army Transport Corps) during the 1880s where he was condemned for
1027:
886:
633:
486:
353:
As discipline and living conditions in the Bat' d'Af' were harsh,
344:
277:
1656:
Officiers et soldats de l'armée française Tome 2 : 1915-1918
711:
C'est d'ailleurs lĂ qu'on nous choisit, qu'on nous choisit !
609:
334:
1128:
of the Bat' d'Af' were embroidered those battle honours :
1032:
Antoine LĂ©onor de Perier (1842-1908), commander of the 2nd BILA
1633:
Officiers et soldats de l'armée française Tome 1 : 1914
1410:
Les vrais, les durs, les tatoués : Le tatouage à Biribi
1660:
Officers and Soldiers of the French Army Volume II: 1915-18
221:, were French infantry and construction units, serving in
379:
of that period). However, they fought creditably in the
1637:
Officers and Soldiers of the French Army Volume I: 1914
1528:
The French Army in the First World War – to Battle 1914
1466:
The French Army in the First World War - to Battle 1914
1362:
The French Army in the First World War - to battle 1914
657:
the Joyeux" chaired by General Alfred Maurice Cazaud.
413:
gained an undeserved privilege in being exempted from
1332:
Martin Windrow, p630 "Our Friends Beneath the Sands,
841:
It is the Bat 'Af', yes here we are, yes here we are!
699:
C'est les Bat' d'Af', oui nous voilĂ , oui nous voilĂ !
262:, in one of the most arid and hostile regions of the
1717:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1972
857:
This is where we were picked up, we were picked up!
165:
154:
146:
134:
119:
101:
87:
77:
57:
49:
29:
1609:Musée de l'infanterie - "Les Bataillons d'Afrique"
1283:Maroc 1923 : Hell on earth in the Bat' d'Af'
1236:Maroc 1923 : Hell on earth in the Bat' d'Af'
1712:Military units and formations established in 1832
1488:A.E. Haswell Miller, plate 44 "Vanished Armies",
1443:Biribi. Les bagnes coloniaux de l'armée française
1566:(in French). Paris: Ministère de la Guerre. 1915
730:Souviens-toi, oui souviens-toi, oui souviens-toi
693:Un bataillon dont les soldats, dont les soldats
469:
365:("Joyous ones"), usually nicknamed their unit
1574:– via Bibliothèque Nationale de France.
721:Mais après tout, qu'est-ce que ça fout !
705:Faut être passé par Biribi, par Biribi !
626:From 1915, in common with other units of the
41:Light Infantry of Africa in 1833, during the
8:
1270:"Histoire de la LĂ©gion de 1831 Ă nos jours"
882:Before you, yes before you, ah! ah! ah! ah!
835:A battalion whose soldiers, whose soldiers
1550:
1504:
1217:Bataillon d'Infanterie légère d'Outre-Mer
736:Avant toi, oui avant toi, ah! ah! ah! ah!
584:where it was disbanded on 31 March 1972.
568:Bataillon d'Infanterie légère d'Outre-Mer
1069:Formed in 1888 ; disbanded in 1925
1061:Formed in 1888 ; disbanded in 1927
1053:Formed in 1833 ; disbanded in 1972
1020:Formed in 1832 ; disbanded in 1940
696:Sont tous des gars qu'ont pas eu d'veine
671:
286:by the Light Infantry of Africa in 1840.
206:Bataillons d'Infanterie Légère d'Afrique
30:Bataillons d'Infanterie Légère d'Afrique
1227:
939:That a legionnaire(**) knows how to die
636:uniform was adopted for service on the
309:In 1870 the BILA provided a temporary
198:Battalions of Light Infantry of Africa
26:
297:Between 3 and 6 February 1840 at the
7:
876:Remember, yes remember, yes remember
1464:Mirouze, Laurent (28 August 2023).
1364:. Éd. des Argonautes. p. 218.
800:Dans cette putain d'terre africaine
794:Mais comme on n'a jamais eu d'veine
242:on 13 June 1832, shortly after the
1360:Mirouze, Lauent (28 August 2023).
959:Of course one day we will die here
702:Pour être "Joyeux", chose spéciale
571:(BILOM) which participated in the
505:, a volunteer who enlisted in the
25:
995:(**) in other versions "soldier"
971:At the place where we have fallen
867:But after all, why do we care(*)!
812:Qui voulez-vous qui nous regrette
733:Les Anciens l'ont fait sans doute
328:in 1903, when the French fort of
274:Initial service and major battles
1191:should not be confused with the
1110:
1099:
1088:
844:To be "Joyeux", a special thing,
815:Nous ne sommes que des réprouvés
779:Qu'un légionnaire ça sait mourir
544:Interwar period and World War II
301:in Algeria, a detachment of 123
63:
35:
1468:. Militaria. pp. 218–221.
1081:of the following medals :
974:Who do you think will regret us
809:À l'endroit ousqu’on s’ra tombé
773:J'ai cueilli son dernier soupir
748:Marchons bataillonnaires !
727:En marchant sur la grand' route
1445:, Paris, Perrin, 2009, 344 p.
1003:was a separate corps from the
965:Under the sand we'll be buried
806:Avec pour croix une baĂŻonnette
803:sous le sable on nous enfouira
797:Bien sûr un jour, on y crèvera
758:J'ai vu mourir un pauvre gosse
313:to serve in France during the
1:
1702:Infantry battalions of France
1175:("black cadres") were former
873:When walking on the open road
854:Or coming from a penitentiary
770:Je lui ai fermé les paupières
764:Plombé par les balles féroces
690:Il est sur la terre africaine
665:The march of the Bat d'Af is
369:("the Hell") or, ironically,
341:Subsequent history until 1920
174:French Intervention in Mexico
962:On this fucking African soil
956:But as we never had any luck
908:Let's march bataillonnaires!
879:The veterans did it probably
838:Are all guys who had no luck
761:Un pauvre gosse de vingt ans
745:Sac au dos dans la poussière
708:Ou bien alors d'une Centrale
482:Louis Combe, military doctor
1124:After 1952 (see above) the
847:You must have been through
776:J'ai écrit à sa pauvre mère
767:Il est mort en criant maman
560:Final years and disbandment
1748:
1732:French conquest of Algeria
1722:Military of French Algeria
1654:Jouineau, André (2009b) .
1631:Jouineau, André (2009a) .
1530:. Militaria. p. 220.
1301:. Pygmalion. p. 213.
1297:Montagnon, Pierre (2012).
1159:Cadres (NCOs and officers)
977:We are only forsaken ones.
936:I wrote to his poor mother
921:A twenty-year-old poor kid
212:), better known under the
53:13 June 1832—31 March 1972
1526:Mirouze, Laurent (2007).
1077:Those units received the
968:With a bayonet as a cross
34:
18:Bat' d'Af'
1043:Pierre-Étienne de Perier
933:I picked his last breath
832:There is on African soil
724:Et l'on s'en fout !
580:was then transferred to
521:which he endured in the
1212:Aernoult–Rousset affair
927:He died screaming "mom"
924:Pierced by wild bullets
905:Backpacking in the dust
472:"Yesterday, they were "
337:, Morocco and Tunisia.
1287:(retrieved 2011-12-29)
1281:The Soldier's burden,
1240:(retrieved 2011-12-29)
1234:The Soldier's burden,
1183:Disciplinary companies
1138:Maison du Passeur 1914
1033:
918:I saw a poor kid dying
499:
485:
350:
287:
264:French colonial empire
254:and were stationed in
1097:Croix de guerre 14-18
1031:
1005:French Foreign Legion
599:Uniforms and insignia
490:
357:, colloquially named
349:Tataouine circa 1925.
348:
281:
244:French Foreign Legion
150:"Les Bataillonnaires"
930:I closed his eyelids
742:De Gabès à Tataouine
608:on the blue and red
519:corporal punishments
393:bataillons de Marche
385:Mexican Intervention
170:French colonial Wars
1193:compagnies d'exclus
739:De Gafsa Ă MĂ©denine
667:Les Bataillonnaires
632:, a more practical
573:First Indochina War
315:Franco-Prussian War
284:defence of Mazagran
96:Penal military unit
43:conquest of Algeria
1441:Dominique Kalifa,
1299:L'Armee d' Afrique
1268:Pierre Montagnon,
1086:MĂ©daille militaire
1034:
870:And we don't care!
500:
351:
311:régiment de marche
299:Battle of Mazagran
288:
159:Battle of Mazagran
1682:978-2-262-02384-3
1669:978-2-35250-105-3
1646:978-2-35250-104-6
1537:978-3-902526-09-0
1494:978 0 74780 739 1
1475:978-3-902526-09-0
1451:978-2-262-02384-3
1371:978-2-9515171-0-3
1338:978-0-297-85213-1
1308:978-2-7564-0574-2
990:
989:
851:, through Biribi!
582:French Somaliland
538:see examples here
320:A platoon of the
268:Ordonnance royale
250:were part of the
191:
190:
16:(Redirected from
1739:
1673:
1650:
1610:
1607:
1601:
1598:
1592:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1560:
1554:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1523:
1517:
1514:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1461:
1455:
1439:
1433:
1430:
1424:
1421:
1415:
1412:, Broché, 2005.
1408:JĂ©rĂ´me Pierrat,
1406:
1400:
1395:Georges Darien,
1393:
1387:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1357:
1351:
1346:
1340:
1330:
1324:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1294:
1288:
1279:
1273:
1265:
1259:
1256:
1250:
1247:
1241:
1232:
1115: : 3e BMILA
1114:
1108:LĂ©gion d'honneur
1103:
1093: : 1er BILA
1092:
672:
652:Absence of flags
554:battle of France
483:
415:military service
326:Battle of Taghit
240:Louis Philippe I
238:Created by King
73:
69:
67:
66:
39:
27:
21:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1707:Armée d'Afrique
1692:
1691:
1670:
1653:
1647:
1630:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1604:
1599:
1595:
1583:
1579:
1569:
1567:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1549:
1545:
1538:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1511:
1503:
1499:
1487:
1483:
1476:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1418:
1407:
1403:
1394:
1390:
1383:
1379:
1372:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1347:
1343:
1331:
1327:
1320:
1316:
1309:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1280:
1276:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1244:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1208:
1185:
1177:bataillonnaires
1161:
1126:Regimental flag
1122:
1104: : 2e BILA
1075:
1067:
1059:
1051:
1026:
1018:
1013:
663:
654:
629:Armée d'Afrique
601:
562:
550:interwar period
546:
530:Bataillonnaires
511:insubordination
496:Maximilien Luce
484:
481:
453:Cesare Lombroso
437:corps d'epreuve
422:bataillonnaires
406:
355:Bataillonnaires
343:
276:
266:. The original
236:
231:
223:Northern Africa
194:
184:
180:
176:
172:
141:
139:
112:
108:
94:
64:
62:
61:
45:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1745:
1743:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1694:
1693:
1688:
1687:
1674:
1668:
1651:
1645:
1628:
1622:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1602:
1593:
1577:
1555:
1551:Jouineau 2009b
1543:
1536:
1518:
1509:
1505:Jouineau 2009a
1497:
1481:
1474:
1456:
1434:
1425:
1416:
1401:
1388:
1377:
1370:
1352:
1341:
1325:
1314:
1307:
1289:
1274:
1260:
1251:
1242:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1207:
1204:
1184:
1181:
1165:sous-officiers
1160:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1153:La Suippe 1918
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1121:
1120:Battle honours
1118:
1117:
1116:
1105:
1094:
1074:
1071:
1066:
1063:
1058:
1055:
1050:
1047:
1025:
1022:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
988:
987:
983:Repeat Chorus:
979:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
945:Repeat Chorus:
941:
940:
937:
934:
931:
928:
925:
922:
919:
910:
909:
906:
903:
893:
883:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
859:
858:
855:
852:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
823:
817:
816:
813:
810:
807:
804:
801:
798:
795:
781:
780:
777:
774:
771:
768:
765:
762:
759:
750:
749:
746:
743:
740:
737:
734:
731:
728:
725:
722:
713:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
680:
679:
676:
662:
659:
653:
650:
600:
597:
561:
558:
545:
542:
503:Georges Darien
479:
405:
402:
377:game of chance
342:
339:
324:served at the
275:
272:
252:Army of Africa
235:
232:
230:
227:
192:
189:
188:
167:
163:
162:
156:
152:
151:
148:
144:
143:
136:
132:
131:
128:French Tunisia
121:
117:
116:
114:Trench warfare
106:Desert warfare
103:
99:
98:
92:Light infantry
89:
85:
84:
79:
75:
74:
59:
55:
54:
51:
47:
46:
40:
32:
31:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1744:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1690:
1686:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1606:
1603:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1590:1-85532-666-3
1587:
1581:
1578:
1565:
1559:
1556:
1553:, p. 55.
1552:
1547:
1544:
1539:
1533:
1529:
1522:
1519:
1513:
1510:
1507:, p. 57.
1506:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1485:
1482:
1477:
1471:
1467:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1438:
1435:
1429:
1426:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1381:
1378:
1373:
1367:
1363:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1335:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1318:
1315:
1310:
1304:
1300:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1284:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1264:
1261:
1255:
1252:
1246:
1243:
1239:
1237:
1231:
1228:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1169:cadres blancs
1166:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1133:Mazagran 1840
1131:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1119:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1072:
1070:
1064:
1062:
1056:
1054:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1038:
1030:
1023:
1021:
1015:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1002:
1001:The Bat' d'Af
998:
993:
986:
984:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
954:
953:
952:
948:
946:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
916:
915:
914:
907:
904:
902:
898:
894:
892:
888:
884:
881:
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
865:
864:
863:
856:
853:
850:
846:
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
830:
829:
828:
824:
822:
821:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
792:
791:
790:
789:3ème couplet:
786:
785:
778:
775:
772:
769:
766:
763:
760:
757:
756:
755:
754:
753:2ème couplet:
747:
744:
741:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
719:
718:
717:
710:
707:
704:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
688:
687:
686:
682:
681:
677:
674:
673:
670:
668:
660:
658:
651:
649:
647:
643:
639:
638:Western Front
635:
631:
630:
624:
622:
618:
613:
611:
607:
598:
596:
594:
591:of Paris and
590:
589:working class
585:
583:
579:
574:
570:
569:
559:
557:
555:
551:
543:
541:
539:
535:
531:
526:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
497:
493:
489:
478:
477:
475:
468:
465:
460:
458:
454:
449:
447:
442:
438:
434:
431:Although the
429:
427:
423:
418:
416:
412:
403:
401:
399:
398:Western Front
395:
394:
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
373:
368:
364:
360:
356:
347:
340:
338:
336:
331:
327:
323:
318:
316:
312:
307:
304:
300:
295:
293:
285:
280:
273:
271:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
233:
228:
226:
224:
220:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
193:Military unit
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
168:
164:
160:
157:
155:Anniversaries
153:
149:
145:
137:
133:
129:
125:
122:
118:
115:
111:
107:
104:
100:
97:
93:
90:
86:
83:
80:
76:
72:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
38:
33:
28:
19:
1689:
1684:
1659:
1655:
1636:
1632:
1625:
1616:Bibliography
1605:
1596:
1580:
1568:. Retrieved
1558:
1546:
1527:
1521:
1512:
1500:
1484:
1465:
1459:
1442:
1437:
1428:
1419:
1409:
1404:
1396:
1391:
1380:
1361:
1355:
1344:
1328:
1317:
1298:
1292:
1282:
1277:
1269:
1263:
1254:
1245:
1235:
1230:
1199:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1186:
1176:
1173:cadres noirs
1172:
1168:
1164:
1162:
1123:
1076:
1068:
1060:
1052:
1039:
1035:
1019:
1000:
996:
994:
991:
982:
980:
950:
949:
944:
942:
912:
911:
861:
860:
826:
825:
819:
818:
788:
787:
783:
782:
752:
751:
715:
714:
685:1er couplet:
684:
683:
666:
664:
655:
642:pith helmets
627:
625:
616:
614:
602:
586:
577:
566:
563:
547:
529:
527:
522:
514:
506:
501:
494:depicted by
491:
471:
470:
467:enlistment.
463:
461:
450:
445:
436:
432:
430:
425:
421:
419:
411:civil rights
407:
391:
389:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
352:
321:
319:
310:
308:
296:
289:
267:
247:
237:
217:
216:
209:
205:
197:
195:
186:World War II
161:(6 February)
1727:Penal units
1143:Verdun 1916
1079:fourragères
1073:Fourragères
621:khaki drill
381:Crimean war
182:World War I
178:Crimean War
166:Engagements
138:Bat' d'Af'
135:Nickname(s)
120:Garrison/HQ
82:French Army
1696:Categories
1223:References
1200:Bat' d'Af'
1189:Bat' d'Af'
1148:Reims 1918
1011:Battalions
951:3rd verse:
913:2nd verse:
827:1st verse:
623:uniforms.
578:Bat' d'Af'
532:displayed
523:Bat' d'Af'
457:eugenistic
322:Bat' d'Af'
248:Bat' d'Af'
218:Bat' d'Af'
901:Tataouine
820:(Refrain)
784:(Refrain)
593:Marseille
464:Bats d'Af
446:Bats d'Af
441:Communard
433:Bats d'Af
426:Bats d'Af
404:Character
383:plus the
303:chasseurs
256:Tataouine
124:Tataouine
1206:See also
997:(soldat)
891:Medenine
678:English
640:. Khaki
480:—
234:Creation
140:L'Enfer
1570:30 July
1399:, 1890.
862:Chorus:
716:Refrain
675:French
534:tattoos
474:Apaches
367:l'Enfer
359:ZĂ©phyrs
260:Tunisia
229:History
214:acronym
110:Raiding
58:Country
1680:
1666:
1643:
1588:
1534:
1492:
1472:
1449:
1397:Biribi
1368:
1336:
1305:
1167:. The
1065:5 BILA
1057:4 BILA
1049:3 BILA
1024:2 BILA
1016:1 BILA
849:Biribi
646:cadres
606:piping
515:Biribi
492:Biribi
372:Biribi
363:Joyeux
330:Taghit
292:Bougie
246:, the
202:French
142:Biribi
78:Branch
71:France
68:
50:Active
1658:[
1635:[
897:Gabès
895:From
887:Gafsa
885:From
661:March
634:khaki
617:veste
528:Many
507:Train
147:March
1685:(FR)
1678:ISBN
1664:ISBN
1641:ISBN
1626:(FR)
1586:ISBN
1572:2021
1532:ISBN
1490:ISBN
1470:ISBN
1447:ISBN
1366:ISBN
1334:ISBN
1303:ISBN
1187:The
610:kepi
335:Oran
282:The
210:BILA
196:The
102:Role
88:Type
899:to
889:to
540:).
455:'s
375:(a
361:or
208:or
1698::
1202:.
1007:.
999:.
985:)
947:)
669::
648:.
595:.
556:.
525:.
448:.
258:,
204::
1672:.
1649:.
1540:.
1478:.
1374:.
1311:.
981:(
943:(
498:.
200:(
130:)
126:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
