698:
815:
328:
57:
240:
44:
364:
347:
307:
274:
292:
255:
734:. The spores are sticky. As these are carried away by the wind, the drying action of the latter cause the edges of the peridium to shrivel and roll up more, exposing more spores. This is continued until the upper half of the peridium has shriveled and blown away and there remains only a few spores, which may be washed away by rain.
671:
for both species limited the conclusiveness of their suggestion. The conspecificity of the species was supported in a later study that used traditional and molecular methods to compare field-collected
English specimens and an extensive range of herbarium material collected from around the world. They
688:
material originated from a wide variety of locales and habitats, suggesting that environmental factors influence fruit body morphology. Evidence pointing to conspecificity included the continuum of spore sizes between the two, and the lack of any significant differences between their DNA. In 2006,
643:. The presence or absence of mucilage has been traditionally considered the significant characteristic separating the species. In 1904, Lászlo Hollós proposed the idea of a single polymorphic species; in 1942, Paul Marshall Rea, after studying 25 specimens from southern California, concluded that
777:
at some septa. The outer layer of fungal tissue is thicker, membranous, sometimes with a corky texture when dry, and dirty white. It consists of pale yellow intertwined hyphae that are difficult to distinguish individually, and without remains of a gelatinous matrix. Fruit bodies may persist for
725:
is roughly spherical and completely encased in an outer wall (exoperidium) that later splits in a circumscissile fashion (along a circular or equatorial line), the lower wall forming a volva and the upper part forming scales that cover the inner wall. The upper part rolls upward and backward and
445:
is found in dry, sandy locations throughout the world, and has been collected from Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North
America (primarily in western regions), and South America. There is currently some disagreement in the literature as to whether the European
667:—also suggested both to be conspecific. The authors of this study considered the differences in spore ornamentation and stipe hyphae to be insufficient to discriminate them as two species; they did, however, note that their inability to locate the
575:
is the "desert drumstick". In Cyprus, it is known locally as "Donkey fungus", a name that may be derived from the fact that the spores were once used as a natural antiseptic and antipruritic agent applied to the backs of donkeys, or for their
805:
to pale yellow, with clamps. The elaters have diameters of 3.5–7 μm and are 32–70 μm long; they are pale yellow, smooth-walled, tapered and cylindrical with spiral thickenings. Glebal elaters are aseptate and not branched.
753:, which is eventually exposed when the peridial cap is shed, has a rust-brown color. The cap may persist after the spore mass is dispersed and form a disc-like unit that slides down the stalk like a ring. The fragile sac-shaped
785:
are roughly spherical, rusty-brown, finely and densely warted, and have diameters of 5–6.5 μm. Elaters are 50–80 by 4–6 μm, and have ring-like or spiral thickenings. The endoperidium consists of densely interwoven
744:
One study reported a specimen found in Mexico with a length of 70 cm (27.6 in). Typically, the spore case is 3 to 5 cm (1.2 to 2.0 in) broad by 1 to 3.5 cm (0.4 to 1.4 in) tall. The hollow
905:. It is a relatively rare species, but may be locally abundant in some locations. In Mexico, where it is only known from the north and central part of the country, it has been usually collected in
757:
is up to 15 by 13 cm (5.9 by 5.1 in) broad, unattached to the stalk, and formed by two distinct, separated tissue layers. The inner layer resembles the scales of the stem, consisting of
2672:
2576:
2421:
2473:
741:"head" 1 to 3 cm (0.4 to 1.2 in) in diameter, and with a stalk up to 40 cm (15.7 in) long by 0.4 to 1.5 cm (0.2 to 0.6 in) thick.
801:
is largely made up of two types of threads. The pseudocapillitium has hyphae up to 5 μm diameter, mostly thin walled, smooth, septate, sparsely branched,
2320:
536:
655:
and represented a single species. An analysis of a number of
European specimens—using both macroscopic and microscopic characteristics in addition to
2563:
2395:
239:
1013:
include arid regions of the western and southwestern United States, Australia, South Africa, and several
European countries, including Russia.
2239:
1799:
1488:
1455:
1143:
868:
in that the spore sac emerges by ripping through the top of the exoperidium, rather than by circumscissile rupture. The endoperidium of
917:, found from sea level up to 2,550 m (8,370 ft) high. The mushroom has been associated with the quick-growing evergreen tree
1881:
Walleyn R, Leten M (2000). "Battarrea phalloides (Dicks.: Pers.) Pers., een opmerkelijke aanvulling voor de
Belgische mycoflora" [
1827:
2141:
2111:
1761:
1733:
1406:
1351:
2662:
836:) is inedible. In Cyprus, the immature egg-form of the fruit body is eaten. Older specimens may smell unpleasant. The spores of
2647:
1994:
897:
may be found growing solitary to scattered on dry, sandy hedgebanks (raised or mounded boundary feature, often topped by a
2460:
1927:
2157:
Siller I, Dima B, Albert L, Vasas G, Fodor L, Pal-Fam F, Bratek Z, Zagyva I (2006). "Protected macrofungi in
Hungary".
1006:
in 2005, making it a finable offense to pick them. It received similar protected status in the United
Kingdom in 1998.
689:
however, based on a study of specimens collected in China, other scientists considered them to be independent species.
2637:
660:
2133:
Fungi of
Australia Volume 2B: Catalogue and Bibliography of Australian Fungi. 2. Basidiomycota p.p. & Myxomycota
790:
that are 3–9 μm in diameter and walls less than 1 μm thick; they are septate, branched, pale yellow, with
2478:
56:
2667:
504:
487:
471:
463:
172:
168:
2209:
2652:
2642:
2312:
971:(i.e., thriving in high-salt conditions) vegetation. In Belgium, specimens were found on sandy soil under dead
937:
421:
that is typically up to 40 centimeters (15.7 in) in length. Although its general appearance resembles an
2677:
2657:
656:
479:
2632:
2275:
1033:
588:
994:, and Arizona— Mexico, and Hawaii. It has also been reported growing in South America (Brazil), Africa (
931:
872:
is also smaller, and the spores emerge through a number of pores on the upper surface of the spore sac.
151:
943:
2012:"Contribution to a macromycete survey of the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina in Brazil"
1074:
2627:
2604:
2555:
2488:
2387:
2356:
577:
524:
1563:
1783:
1254:"Notices of some fungi collected by C. Darwin Esq. in South America and the islands of the Pacific"
878:
737:
The fruit body develops rapidly; when mature, it is rust-colored, with a hemispherical to somewhat
2452:
1341:
2256:
1583:
844:—a product that promotes healing through the formation of scar tissue–by the Criollo herdsmen of
718:
426:
181:
51:
1693:
1605:
1398:
1392:
2581:
2426:
2537:
2496:
2343:
2235:
2137:
2131:
2107:
2101:
2082:
1990:
1890:
1860:
1823:
1795:
1757:
1729:
1402:
1347:
1305:
1139:
998:), Europe (Belgium and North Macedonia), China, and Australia. Due to a decline in sightings,
949:
714:
571:
as the "scaly-stalked puffball" and the "sandy stiltball"; a common name given to the species
508:
279:
1191:
2501:
2189:
2023:
1965:
1852:
1843:
Scarpa GF. (2004). "Medicinal plants used by the
Criollos of Northwestern Argentine Chaco".
1575:
1435:
1265:
1172:
1116:
910:
814:
791:
774:
754:
749:
is pale brown to brown, woody, and has a fibrous, scaly, or even woolly surface. The mature
746:
697:
640:
596:
554:
418:
317:
312:
43:
1208:
983:
925:
738:
532:
490:
1287:
2550:
2382:
1301:
987:
543:
520:
516:
98:
2194:
2177:
1440:
1423:
1120:
635:
is thought to have a larger fruit body size, a more coarsely scaly stipe, and lack of
2621:
2325:
919:
861:
726:
eventually falls away in one piece, exposing a spore sac lined with a narrow ring of
668:
664:
624:
608:
583:
Historically, there has been uncertainty as to whether the
European species known as
88:
17:
2068:"Distribution Maps of Critical Endangered Species from Macedonian Red List of Fungi"
2028:
2011:
1522:
1160:
2542:
1791:
1665:
1546:
Die Gasteromyceten Ungarns. Im Auftrage der Ungarischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
1253:
914:
782:
731:
430:
392:
354:
2348:
1754:
Fungi without Gills (Hymenomycetes and Gasteromycetes): An Identification Handbook
2528:
2465:
2447:
2408:
972:
960:
902:
841:
727:
648:
568:
402:
388:
334:
118:
2298:
2067:
1885:(Dicks.: Pers.) Pers., a remarkable addition to the Belgian fungal flora].
882:, commonly known as the "desert shaggy mane", occurs in dry locales similar to
684:
material they studied was generally from similar habitats in the UK, while the
1856:
1269:
991:
964:
845:
762:
722:
628:
108:
2086:
1931:
1894:
1367:
1309:
631:, as opposed to 4.5–5.25 by 4.5–5.75 μm), and less ornamented. Further,
2369:
1069:
1067:
968:
495:
397:
128:
68:
1864:
1176:
462:
The species was first mentioned in the scientific literature in 1784, when
2335:
2589:
2522:
2434:
2292:
1500:
1467:
636:
434:
384:
297:
265:
245:
215:
676:
generally had a greater range of cap and stem sizes, while that labeled
2568:
2400:
2258:
Bulletin of the Lloyd Library of Botany, Pharmacy and Materia. Volume 6
1587:
1368:"Authorities & Vocabularies (Library of Congress): Sandy stiltball"
1003:
995:
955:
802:
559:
550:
483:
467:
2413:
2594:
2439:
2307:
823:
766:
710:
422:
78:
2269:
1970:
1953:
1788:
North American Mushrooms: A Field Guide to Edible and Inedible Fungi
1579:
2374:
2043:
Outcoumit A. (2007). "Several remarks regarding a Moroccan crop of
1954:"Gasteroid mycobiota of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: Tulostomataceae"
1930:. Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium. Archived from
1692:
Esqueda M, Herrera T, Perez-Silva E, Aparicio A, Moreno G (2002).
898:
813:
798:
787:
770:
758:
750:
696:
438:
261:
203:
990:; the US, where it is confined to the west— Southern California,
619:
by Calonge in 2004). In 1995, mycologist Roy Watling opined that
503:, a newly circumscribed genus named after the Italian mycologist
2361:
2106:. Canberra: Australian Biological Resources Study. p. 331.
1343:
Mushrooms Demystified: A Comprehensive Guide to the Fleshy Fungi
906:
819:
2273:
1075:"Index Fungorum Synonymy: "Battarrea phalloides" (Dicks.) Pers"
1908:
Dittmer HJ. (1978). "A rare Gasteromycete in New Mexico USA".
721:, this species has a spore sac atop the stem. When young, the
1138:(10th ed.). Wallingford: CAB International. p. 83.
441:. In maturity, the spore sac ruptures to release the spores.
1728:. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 125–6.
1386:
1384:
1233:– its history, biology and extension to its distribution".
2261:. Cincinnati, Ohio: Lloyd Library and Museum. p. 11.
886:, but can be distinguished by its shaggy, elongated cap.
680:
was generally more consistent, and smaller. However, the
1989:. Berkeley, California: Ten Speed Press. p. 102.
1213:(in Latin). Göttingen: Apud H. Dieterich. p. 129.
876:
can grow taller, up to 70 centimeters (27.6 in).
623:
differs in having spores that are colored more orange-
1822:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 509.
1527:
Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales
2210:"Schedule 8 the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981"
2512:
2282:
1196:(in Latin). Vol. 1. London: Nicol. p. 24.
1134:Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008).
361:
344:
324:
304:
289:
271:
252:
233:
1670:. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company. p. 480.
1161:"An account of a new plant, of the order of fungi"
466:described a new species found by Mr. Humphreys of
765:in diameter, closely arranged (nearly parallel),
1614:, insight into a long-standing taxonomic puzzle"
1281:
1279:
1876:
1874:
1813:
1811:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1659:
1657:
1464:(Libosch.) (Libosch.) Cleland & Cheel 1916"
1193:Fasciculus plantarum cryptogamicarum Britanniae
1165:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
417:, it has a woody, slender, and shaggy or scaly
2232:A Field Guide to the Mushrooms of South Africa
2130:May TW, Milne J, Shingles S, Jones RH (2003).
1777:
1775:
1773:
1599:
1597:
1224:
1222:
1220:
2125:
2123:
2066:Karadelev, Mitko; Rusevska, Katerina (2016).
1987:Mushrooms of Hawai'i: An Identification Guide
1747:
1745:
1422:Kyriakou T, Loizides M, Tziakouris A (2009).
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1319:
8:
2049:Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France
2016:Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology
639:in the volva and the innermost parts of the
1952:Cortez VG, Baseia IG, Silveira RMB (2009).
1719:
1717:
1715:
1642:(Tulostomatales, Basidiomycota) in China".
1633:
1631:
1557:
1555:
1300:(Report). English Nature Research Reports.
553:-like, and refers to the similarity of the
2270:
1397:. Edmonton: Lone Pine Publishing. p.
1346:. Berkeley: Ten Speed Press. p. 717.
537:Diederich Franz Leonhard von Schlechtendal
42:
31:
2193:
2027:
1969:
1548:(in German). Leipzig: O. Weigel. plate 2.
1439:
595:. The taxon has been described as both a
1229:Watling R, Gucin F, Isiloglu M (1995). "
627:, slightly larger (5–6.5 by 5.75–7
1523:"The Gasteromycetes of Australasia XIV"
1503:. International Mycological Association
1470:. International Mycological Association
1063:
1026:
959:species, in coastal dunes. The largest
860:is known in the United States from the
607:by Cleland and Cheel in 1916) and as a
535:based on Berkeley's name, published by
2673:Taxa named by James Dickson (botanist)
1910:New Mexico Academy of Science Bulletin
1258:Annals and Magazine of Natural History
778:several months after they have dried.
230:
2234:. Cape Town: C. Struik. p. 131.
519:in 1842 based on collections made by
7:
2605:f35edabe-41f1-4bee-8e9f-9de378f9ca8b
2489:8e0c747b-4964-4c10-9a17-6b45cf416d65
1286:Jeffries P, McLain L (August 2004).
1928:"AMP – Checklists of Arizona Fungi"
1667:Comparative Morphology of the Fungi
1424:"Rarities and oddities from Cyprus"
580:resemblance to the animal's penis.
1726:Mushrooms of Western North America
1391:Schalkwijk-Barendsen HME. (1991).
717:. However, rather than a cap with
701:Underside of spore-bearing surface
25:
2136:. CSIRO Publishing. p. 331.
1604:Martín MP, Johannesson H (2000).
1564:"Fungi of Southern California. I"
901:), sometimes growing amongst elm
1638:Liu H, Fan L (2006). "The genus
1002:was granted legal protection in
587:is a unique species or merely a
493:the name when he transferred to
362:
345:
326:
305:
290:
272:
253:
238:
55:
2029:10.1590/S1516-89132005000300015
1985:Hemmes DE, Desjardin D (2002).
769:, sparsely branched, yellowish
1095:Coetzee JC, Eicker A (1992). "
1:
2195:10.1016/S1468-1641(10)60582-8
1664:Gäumann EA, Dodge CW (1928).
1441:10.1016/S1468-1641(10)60600-7
1288:Number 625. Synonymy between
1121:10.1016/S0269-915X(09)80448-5
713:mushroom stature of stem and
709:roughly resemble the typical
2161:(in Hungarian and English).
1845:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
1756:. London: Chapman and Hall.
982:has been collected from the
856:The closely related species
672:found that material labeled
300:attachment is not applicable
2255:Lloyd JU, Lloyd CG (1903).
1818:Roberts P, Evans S (2011).
1752:Ellis JB, Ellis MB (1990).
1562:Rea PM, Marshall P (1942).
1394:Mushrooms of Western Canada
1210:Synopsis Methodica Fungorum
501:Synopsis Methodica Fungorum
246:Mycological characteristics
2694:
2230:Levin H, Branch M (1985).
383:is an inedible species of
1857:10.1016/j.jep.2003.12.003
1270:10.1080/03745484209445362
1009:The habitat and range of
505:Giovanni Antonio Battarra
488:Christian Hendrik Persoon
464:Thomas Jenkinson Woodward
187:
180:
157:
150:
52:Scientific classification
50:
41:
34:
2010:Sobestiansky G. (2005).
1497:(Libosch.) Calonge 2004"
938:Salicornia subterminalis
890:Habitat and distribution
529:Ithyphallus campanulatus
211:Ithyphallus campanulatus
2663:Fungi described in 1785
1889:(in Dutch) (4): 101–3.
1724:Orr DB, Orr RT (1979).
1644:Acta Botanica Yunnanica
1521:Cunningham GH. (1932).
1136:Dictionary of the Fungi
1034:Orthographic variations
848:in northern Argentina.
527:(Uruguay) in 1833, and
450:is the same species as
437:and a powdery internal
415:desert stalked puffball
407:scaley-stalked puffball
2648:Fungi of North America
2159:Mikologiai Kozlemenyek
1177:10.1098/rstl.1784.0032
826:
702:
2514:Lycoperdon phalloides
2178:"Conservation corner"
1370:. Library of Congress
1252:Berkeley MJ. (1842).
1231:Battarraea phalloides
817:
700:
476:Lycoperdon phalloides
433:sac, consisting of a
429:, atop the stem is a
192:Lycoperdon phalloides
18:Battarraea phalloides
2313:battarrea-phalloides
2284:Battarrea phalloides
2100:Orchard AE. (1996).
1883:Battarrea phalloides
1696:Battarrea phalloides
1608:Battarrea phalloides
1491:Battarrea phalloides
1458:Battarrea phalloides
1290:Battarrea phalloides
1207:Persoon CH. (1801).
1159:Woodward T. (1784).
1017:Notes and references
980:Battarrea phalloides
895:Battarrea phalloides
830:Battarrea phalloides
707:Battarrea phalloides
705:Mature specimens of
663:regions of the 5.8S
565:Battarrea phalloides
513:Phallus campanulatus
443:Battarrea phalloides
380:Battarrea phalloides
235:Battarrea phalloides
200:Phallus campanulatus
161:Battarrea phalloides
36:Battarrea phalloides
2045:Batarrea phalloides
1190:Dickson J. (1785).
1077:. CAB International
879:Podaxis pistillaris
864:, and differs from
858:Battarrea diguettii
761:that are 3–18
2638:Fungi of Australia
2103:Fungi of Australia
1544:Hollós L. (1904).
1011:Battarrea stevenii
1000:B. phalloides
978:In North America,
932:Solanum hindsianum
884:B. phalloides
874:Battarrea stevenii
866:B. phalloides
834:Battarrea stevenii
827:
703:
682:B. phalloides
678:B. phalloides
657:molecular analysis
653:B. phalloides
613:B. phalloides
601:B. phalloides
593:B. phalloides
585:Battarrea stevenii
470:. It was named by
452:B. phalloides
143:B. phalloides
2615:
2614:
2497:Open Tree of Life
2276:Taxon identifiers
2241:978-0-86977-229-4
2176:Evans S. (2006).
1820:The Book of Fungi
1801:978-0-7627-3109-1
1694:"Distribution of
1340:Arora D. (1986).
1145:978-0-85199-826-8
950:Quercus agrifolia
944:Atriplex linearis
870:B. diguettii
792:clamp connections
781:The thick-walled
448:B. stevensii
376:
375:
228:Species of fungus
226:
225:
219:
207:
196:
27:Species of fungus
16:(Redirected from
2685:
2668:Fungi of Oceania
2608:
2607:
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2545:
2533:
2532:
2531:
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2468:
2466:NHMSYS0001475539
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2217:
2212:. UKWildlife.com
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1949:
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1898:
1887:AMK Mededelingen
1878:
1869:
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1840:
1834:
1833:
1815:
1806:
1805:
1779:
1768:
1767:
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1710:
1709:
1689:
1672:
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1661:
1652:
1651:
1635:
1626:
1625:
1612:B. stevenii
1601:
1592:
1591:
1559:
1550:
1549:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1518:
1512:
1511:
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1214:
1204:
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1197:
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1149:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1082:
1071:
1053:
1031:
838:B. stevenii
686:B. stevenii
674:B. stevenii
645:B. stevenii
633:B. stevenii
621:B. stevenii
573:B. stevenii
544:specific epithet
366:
365:
349:
348:
330:
329:
309:
308:
294:
293:
276:
275:
257:
256:
242:
231:
213:
202:
194:
163:
60:
59:
46:
32:
21:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2653:Fungi of Brazil
2643:Fungi of Europe
2618:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2603:
2601:
2593:
2588:
2580:
2575:
2567:
2562:
2554:
2549:
2541:
2536:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2508:
2500:
2495:
2487:
2485:
2477:
2472:
2464:
2459:
2451:
2446:
2438:
2433:
2425:
2420:
2412:
2407:
2399:
2394:
2386:
2381:
2373:
2368:
2360:
2355:
2347:
2342:
2334:
2332:
2324:
2319:
2311:
2306:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2278:
2266:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2242:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2215:
2213:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2144:
2129:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2070:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2009:
2008:
2004:
1997:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1971:10.5248/108.365
1951:
1950:
1946:
1937:
1935:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1880:
1879:
1872:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1830:
1817:
1816:
1809:
1802:
1794:. p. 467.
1781:
1780:
1771:
1764:
1751:
1750:
1743:
1736:
1723:
1722:
1713:
1691:
1690:
1675:
1663:
1662:
1655:
1637:
1636:
1629:
1603:
1602:
1595:
1580:10.2307/3754670
1561:
1560:
1553:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1506:
1504:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1473:
1471:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1409:
1390:
1389:
1382:
1373:
1371:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1354:
1339:
1338:
1317:
1297:
1285:
1284:
1277:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1228:
1227:
1218:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1146:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1080:
1078:
1073:
1072:
1065:
1056:
1032:
1028:
1019:
984:Yukon Territory
926:Lycium brevipes
892:
854:
852:Similar species
812:
695:
533:new combination
515:, published by
460:
411:sandy stiltball
401:. Known in the
363:
346:
331:
327:
306:
291:
273:
254:
248:
243:
229:
222:
176:
165:
159:
146:
54:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2691:
2689:
2681:
2680:
2678:Fungus species
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2658:Inedible fungi
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2620:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2599:
2586:
2573:
2560:
2547:
2534:
2518:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2493:
2483:
2470:
2457:
2444:
2431:
2418:
2405:
2392:
2379:
2366:
2353:
2340:
2330:
2317:
2304:
2288:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2265:
2264:
2247:
2240:
2222:
2201:
2182:Field Mycology
2168:
2149:
2142:
2119:
2112:
2092:
2058:
2035:
2002:
1995:
1977:
1944:
1919:
1900:
1870:
1835:
1829:978-0226721170
1828:
1807:
1800:
1769:
1762:
1741:
1734:
1711:
1673:
1653:
1646:(in Chinese).
1627:
1593:
1551:
1536:
1513:
1480:
1447:
1428:Field Mycology
1414:
1407:
1380:
1359:
1352:
1315:
1302:English Nature
1275:
1244:
1216:
1199:
1182:
1151:
1144:
1126:
1087:
1062:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1054:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1015:
988:western Canada
963:were found on
891:
888:
853:
850:
840:are used as a
818:Specimen from
811:
808:
694:
691:
569:commonly known
521:Charles Darwin
517:Miles Berkeley
459:
456:
425:with stem and
387:in the family
374:
373:
367:
359:
358:
350:
342:
341:
332:
325:
322:
321:
310:
302:
301:
295:
287:
286:
277:
269:
268:
258:
250:
249:
244:
237:
227:
224:
223:
221:
220:
208:
197:
188:
185:
184:
178:
177:
166:
155:
154:
148:
147:
140:
138:
134:
133:
126:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
99:Agaricomycetes
96:
92:
91:
86:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2690:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2633:Fungi of Asia
2631:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2606:
2600:
2596:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2539:
2535:
2530:
2524:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2503:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2331:
2327:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2309:
2305:
2300:
2294:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2272:
2268:
2260:
2259:
2251:
2248:
2243:
2237:
2233:
2226:
2223:
2211:
2205:
2202:
2196:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2172:
2169:
2165:(1/3): 3–158.
2164:
2160:
2153:
2150:
2145:
2143:0-643-06907-0
2139:
2135:
2134:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2113:0-643-06907-0
2109:
2105:
2104:
2096:
2093:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2069:
2062:
2059:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2039:
2036:
2030:
2025:
2022:(3): 437–57.
2021:
2017:
2013:
2006:
2003:
1998:
1992:
1988:
1981:
1978:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1948:
1945:
1934:on 2009-06-30
1933:
1929:
1923:
1920:
1915:
1911:
1904:
1901:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1851:(1): 115–35.
1850:
1846:
1839:
1836:
1831:
1825:
1821:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1803:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1765:
1763:0-412-36970-2
1759:
1755:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1735:0-520-03656-5
1731:
1727:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1697:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1669:
1668:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1613:
1609:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1574:(5): 563–74.
1573:
1569:
1565:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1547:
1540:
1537:
1533:(234): 27–39.
1532:
1528:
1524:
1517:
1514:
1502:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1484:
1481:
1469:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1451:
1448:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1418:
1415:
1410:
1408:0-919433-47-2
1404:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1369:
1363:
1360:
1355:
1353:0-89815-169-4
1349:
1345:
1344:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1248:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1235:Nova Hedwigia
1232:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1211:
1203:
1200:
1195:
1194:
1186:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1155:
1152:
1147:
1141:
1137:
1130:
1127:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1091:
1088:
1076:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1007:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
976:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
957:
952:
951:
946:
945:
940:
939:
934:
933:
928:
927:
923:, as well as
922:
921:
920:Schinus molle
916:
915:coastal dunes
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
889:
887:
885:
881:
880:
875:
871:
867:
863:
862:Mojave desert
859:
851:
849:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
825:
821:
816:
809:
807:
804:
800:
795:
793:
789:
784:
779:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
742:
740:
735:
733:
729:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
699:
692:
690:
687:
683:
679:
675:
670:
669:type material
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
581:
579:
578:morphological
574:
570:
566:
562:
561:
557:to the genus
556:
552:
548:
545:
540:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
497:
492:
489:
485:
481:
480:type locality
477:
473:
472:James Dickson
469:
465:
457:
455:
453:
449:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
399:
395:of the genus
394:
390:
386:
382:
381:
372:
369:Edibility is
368:
360:
357:
356:
351:
343:
340:
336:
333:
323:
320:
319:
314:
311:
303:
299:
296:
288:
285:
281:
278:
270:
267:
264:
263:
259:
251:
247:
241:
236:
232:
217:
212:
209:
205:
201:
198:
195:Dicks. (1785)
193:
190:
189:
186:
183:
179:
174:
170:
164:
162:
156:
153:
152:Binomial name
149:
145:
144:
139:
136:
135:
132:
131:
127:
124:
123:
120:
117:
114:
113:
110:
107:
104:
103:
100:
97:
94:
93:
90:
89:Basidiomycota
87:
84:
83:
80:
77:
74:
73:
70:
67:
64:
63:
58:
53:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
2513:
2283:
2267:
2257:
2250:
2231:
2225:
2214:. Retrieved
2204:
2188:(4): 143–5.
2185:
2181:
2171:
2162:
2158:
2152:
2132:
2102:
2095:
2078:
2074:
2061:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2038:
2019:
2015:
2005:
1986:
1980:
1961:
1957:
1947:
1936:. Retrieved
1932:the original
1922:
1913:
1909:
1903:
1886:
1882:
1848:
1844:
1838:
1819:
1792:FalconGuides
1790:. Guilford:
1787:
1753:
1725:
1705:
1701:
1695:
1666:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1621:
1617:
1611:
1607:
1571:
1567:
1545:
1539:
1530:
1526:
1516:
1505:. Retrieved
1494:
1490:
1483:
1472:. Retrieved
1461:
1457:
1450:
1431:
1427:
1417:
1393:
1372:. Retrieved
1362:
1342:
1293:
1289:
1261:
1257:
1247:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1209:
1202:
1192:
1185:
1171:(2): 423–7.
1168:
1164:
1154:
1135:
1129:
1112:
1108:
1107:or ...???".
1104:
1100:
1096:
1090:
1079:. Retrieved
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1029:
1010:
1008:
999:
979:
977:
961:fruit bodies
954:
948:
942:
936:
930:
924:
918:
894:
893:
883:
877:
873:
869:
865:
857:
855:
837:
833:
832:(as well as
829:
828:
796:
780:
743:
736:
706:
704:
685:
681:
677:
673:
652:
644:
632:
620:
616:
612:
604:
600:
592:
584:
582:
572:
564:
558:
546:
541:
528:
512:
500:
499:in his 1801
494:
475:
461:
451:
447:
442:
414:
410:
406:
396:
393:type species
379:
378:
377:
370:
355:saprotrophic
353:
338:
316:
283:
260:
234:
210:
199:
191:
160:
158:
142:
141:
129:
35:
29:
2628:Agaricaceae
2448:NatureServe
2409:iNaturalist
2055:(1): 77–83.
1782:Miller HR,
1650:(1): 19–21.
1434:(3): 94–8.
1294:B. stevenii
1115:(2): 61–3.
973:elderflower
965:floodplains
842:cicatrizant
728:capillitium
693:Description
649:conspecific
591:variant of
589:polymorphic
486:, England.
474:in 1785 as
389:Agaricaceae
352:Ecology is
335:Spore print
119:Agaricaceae
2622:Categories
2216:2012-11-10
1996:1580083390
1964:: 365–84.
1938:2009-07-19
1698:in Mexico"
1507:2012-11-10
1474:2012-11-10
1374:2009-07-20
1264:: 447–57.
1109:Mycologist
1105:Battarraea
1081:2012-11-10
1059:References
1046:Battarraea
992:New Mexico
969:halophilic
913:areas, on
846:Gran Chaco
723:fruit body
547:phalloides
491:sanctioned
478:, and the
403:vernacular
391:, and the
109:Agaricales
85:Division:
2529:Q59427793
2087:1848-2007
1958:Mycotaxon
1895:0771-9884
1784:Miller OK
1708:: 207–14.
1702:Mycotaxon
1640:Battarrea
1618:Mycotaxon
1568:Mycologia
1310:0967-876X
1101:Battarrea
1050:Battaraea
810:Edibility
539:in 1933.
525:Maldonado
496:Battarrea
398:Battarrea
137:Species:
130:Battarrea
75:Kingdom:
69:Eukaryota
2590:MycoBank
2582:10729341
2551:Fungorum
2523:Wikidata
2453:2.946874
2435:MycoBank
2427:10645483
2383:Fungorum
2333:BioLib:
2326:60022196
2321:AusFungi
2299:Q2092258
2293:Wikidata
1916:(1): 12.
1865:15036479
1786:(2006).
1624:: 67–75.
1501:MycoBank
1495:stevenii
1468:MycoBank
1462:stevenii
1241:: 13–18.
1097:Batarrea
1042:Battarea
1038:Batarrea
1036:include
975:bushes.
911:semiarid
899:hedgerow
637:mucilage
617:stevenii
605:stevenii
511:include
509:Synonyms
458:Taxonomy
435:peridium
385:mushroom
371:inedible
298:Hymenium
266:hymenium
216:Schltdl.
214:(Berk.)
182:Synonyms
115:Family:
65:Domain:
2569:5243080
2401:2535676
2362:1029945
1588:3754670
1004:Hungary
996:Morocco
956:Opuntia
903:suckers
803:hyaline
773:, with
767:septate
739:conical
597:variety
560:Phallus
551:phallus
484:Suffolk
468:Norwich
405:as the
284:conical
125:Genus:
105:Order:
95:Class:
2602:NZOR:
2595:227927
2556:227927
2502:826878
2486:NZOR:
2479:107919
2440:159853
2414:119969
2388:159853
2375:BTTAPH
2336:255202
2308:ARKive
2238:
2140:
2110:
2085:
2081:: 17.
1993:
1893:
1863:
1826:
1798:
1760:
1732:
1586:
1405:
1350:
1308:
1142:
1048:, and
824:Hawaii
788:hyphae
783:spores
775:clamps
759:hyphae
732:spores
711:agaric
549:means
423:agaric
315:has a
262:Glebal
218:(1933)
206:(1842)
175:(1801)
169:Dicks.
2577:IRMNG
2543:3WLKD
2422:IRMNG
2071:(PDF)
1584:JSTOR
1460:var.
1298:(PDF)
1022:Notes
967:with
799:gleba
771:ochre
755:volva
751:gleba
747:stalk
719:gills
651:with
625:tawny
603:var.
555:volva
439:gleba
431:spore
427:gills
413:, or
339:ochre
318:volva
313:Stipe
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2564:GBIF
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2083:ISSN
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1966:doi
1962:108
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