144:, and Álfhildr's subsequent death by illness years later, which has driven the grieving Gautrekr somewhat out of his mind: ignoring all matters of state, Gautrekr spends all his time on Álfhildr's burial mound, flying his hawk. On Neri's advice, Refr gives the whetstone to Gautrekr at the moment that the king needs something to throw at his hawk; Gautrekr promptly gives Refr a gold ring. Refr goes on to visit king after king, in each case giving part or all of that which he received from the previous king, and getting in return a greater gift, since none of the kings want to be outdone by Gautrekr, who "gives gold in exchange for pebbles." At last, through Neri's advice and trickery, Refr gains the hand of Gautrekr's daughter Helga and an earldom that Neri held from King Gautrekr. This is often known as
180:("The Tale of Víkar"), was probably extracted or retold from a lost saga about Starkaðr; it contains extensive poetry, ostensibly by Starkaðr himself, and it ends tragically. A high point of this section is the evocative episode where Starkaðr's foster-father Grani Horsehair awakens his foster-son Starkaðr at about midnight, takes him to an island where eleven men are at council, and, sitting in a twelfth chair reveals himself as the god
204:. Nonetheless, there are themes that connect all three sections of this saga; for example, both Starkaðr and Refr are unpromising youths, and both Neri and Skafnortung are misers. The entire saga seems to be a meditation on generosity: sacrifice to the gods is useless, and stinginess is not admirable—but giving and receiving gifts, participating in networks of reciprocal exchange, is the way to good fortune.
123:
of West Götaland, becomes lost while hunting, and spends the night in an isolated homestead of strange, arguably insane, backwoods bumpkins: a stingy farmer named Skafnörtungr ('Skinflint'), his equally stingy wife Tötra ('Tatters'), and their three sons and three daughters. That night Gauti fathers
188:
and Óðinn, the two alternately bestow curses and blessings upon Starkaðr. When this is done, Óðinn requires Starkaðr to sacrifice King Víkar, his sworn lord, friend, and benefactor. Starkaðr persuades Víkar to put his neck in a noose of stretchy calf intestines and be stabbed with a fragile reed,
139:
The saga then shifts to a folk-tale-like account of how Refr, the lazy son of a farmer, forces his father's stupendous ox as gift upon the stingy but extraordinarily intelligent Jarl Neri and requests only Neri's advice in return. Jarl Neri normally never accepts gifts because he is too stingy to
159:
region of Norway. Ingibjörg chooses
Gautrekr for his fame and generosity, despite his age, over the young prince Óláfr who has also asked for her hand. Gautrekr fights off an attack by the rejected and disappointed Óláfr, marries Ingibjörg, and fathers two sons named Keti'l and Hrólfr with her.
124:
Gautrekr on Snotra, the eldest of the farmer's daughters and supposedly the most intelligent of the family. The account bristles with grisly humor as it relates how one by one the members of the family go on to kill themselves over the most trivial losses, believing that they will go to
104:, no sons are mentioned. But it seems that Gautrek was noted in many tales for his generosity and bravery, but not for deep thinking, according to a passage near the end. It is probable there were more amusing anecdotes to that effect that the author planned to include.
30:
189:
thus undergoing a mock sacrifice. Unfortunately, the sacrifice turns real when the noose becomes rope and the reed turns into a spear, leaving Vikar stabbed and hanged, and bringing down grief and disgrace on Starkaðr for killing his lord.
140:
repay them. But he takes the ox and gives Ref a whetstone in return, telling him how to employ it as a gift to King
Gautrekr to get greater wealth. The saga has mentioned Gautrek's marriage to Álfhildr, daughter of King Haraldr of
132:, until at last only Snotra and her child Gautrekr remain. At that point Snotra takes Gautrekr to Gauti's court; years later, on his deathbed, King Gauti makes Gautrekr his heir. This section is sometimes referred to as
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59:
put to text towards the end of the 13th century which survives only in much later manuscripts. It seems to have been intended as a compilation of traditional stories, often humorous, about a legendary King
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192:
This middle section is so stylistically unlike the happier stories that "bookend" it that some have questioned whether it should have been included at all. The only obvious link is because King
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1894:
168:
The younger and much better known version of the saga includes these two lighthearted tales, but inserts between them an account of the ancestry, birth, and earliest exploits of
1869:
628:’ in Fornaldarsagaerne. Myter og virkilighed. Studier i de oldislandske fornaldarsögur Norðurlanda. Eds. Agneta Ney, Ármann Jakobsson and Annette Lassen. 2009, 93-106 (p. 101).
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718:, ed. by Matthew Driscoll, Silvia Hufnagel, Philip Lavender and Beeke Stegmann, The Viking Collection, 24 (Odense: University Press of Southern Denmark, 2018), pp. 351-75.
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where Gauti "after whom
Gautland (Götaland) is named" is mentioned as the father of Gautrek the Generous the father of King Algaut the father of Gauthild who married
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died. And indeed Hrólf Kraki is one of the kings whom Ref visits in the saga. Another king visited by Ref is Ælle of
England and the historical King
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could well be contemporary to the legendary Hrólf Kraki of
Denmark. However in the section concerning Starkad, the kings of Sweden are the brothers
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The longer version does not include the story of
Gautrekr's remarriage, but essentially the same account appears at the beginning of
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196:, who appears prominently in it, is father of Jarl Neri who plays a very important role in the material following and also because
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The shorter version of the saga ends with an account of King
Gautrekr's remarriage to the fair Ingibjörg, daughter of a powerful
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Jonathan York Heng Hui, 'The Matter of
Gautland' (unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018), pp. 119-29;
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gave rise to a fashion in early-modern Sweden for labelling inland cliffs with the
Swedish equivalent of that name,
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of Sweden. This should make
Gautrek live in the early 7th century, approximately contemporary with Önund's father
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As it stands, the saga seems incomplete, for a promise is made that the tale will return to King Gautrek of
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500:. Trans. Fox, Denton and Pálsson, Hermann (1974). Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
486:. Trans. Pálsson, Hermann and Edwards, Paul (1968). London: University of London Press.
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471:. Trans. Pálsson, Hermann and Edwards, Paul (1985). Harmondsworth, England: Penguin.
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Gothrici & Rolfi Westrogothiae Regum Historia, Lingua Antiqua Gothica Conscripta
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The Legendary Legacy: Transmission and Reception of the 'Fornaldarsögur Norðurlanda
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111:: a shorter, apparently older, version; and a longer, apparently more recent, one.
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Cronan, Dennis (2007). "The Thematic Unity of the Younger Gautreks Saga".
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The shorter version begins by relating how Gautrekr's father-to-be, King
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Refr is appointed Gautrekr's earl, but it is said that he died young.
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Anthropomorphic wooden cult figurines of Central and Northern Europe
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Refo claims that King Gotricus is the greatest giver of gifts.
296:. The parallels are summarised by Michael Chesnutt as follows:
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Translated into Swedish in 1664, the saga's depiction of the
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The earl predicts that King Gautrekr will make Refr a gift.
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Later, Refo serves Gotricus, but he is murdered in Sweden.
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A Norwegian, Refr, brings an ox to Earl Neri of Gautland.
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Two Icelanders, Refo and Bero, visit King Goto of Norway.
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The king, sitting on a chair, gives him two gold rings.
68:, to serve as a kind of prequel to the already existing
1890:
people, clan, and place names in Germanic heroic legend
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The king, sitting on a mound, gives him a gold ring.
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Snorri Sturluson introduces Gauti and Gautrek in his
906:
Sögubrot af nokkrum fornkonungum í Dana ok Svíaveldi
624:
Michael Chesnutt. 2009. ‘The Content and Meaning of
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king of Sweden, who appears in it, was prominent in
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176:legendary heroes. This account, sometimes known as
540:, ed. and trans. by Olaus Verelius (Uppsala, 1664)
443:Stories for All Time: The Icelandic Fornaldarsögur
413:went on to appear extensively in popular culture.
544:Gautreks saga in Old Norse from heimskringla.no
259:which, if one trusts the order of kings in the
172:, who is perhaps the grimmest and strangest of
516:. New Haven, Conn.: The Troth. pp. 1–33.
1013:
786:Egils saga einhenda ok Ásmundar berserkjabana
739:
8:
416:The saga is one of the key inspirations for
380:He marries the King of Gautland's daughter.
94:and his sons, to "the same story as told in
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1042:Mythological Norse people, items and places
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1068:
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998:
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647:Scandia: Tidskrift för Historisk Forskning
377:He abducts the King of Norway's daughter.
1840:List of figures in Germanic heroic legend
705:and Financial Crisis: Bjarni Bjarnason’s
600:Journal of English and Germanic Philology
549:Snerpa: Netúgáfan: Fornrit: Gautreks saga
263:, would put Gautrek generations earlier.
136:("The Tale of the Fools in the Valley").
298:
243:in whose days, according to Snorri, the
107:There are actually two main versions of
565:
484:Gautrek's Saga and Other Medieval Tales
184:. In a long dialogue between the gods
7:
643:"Ättestupan - myt eller verklighet?"
636:
634:
1900:named weapons, armour and treasures
3077:Heathenry (new religious movement)
576:Die Gautrekssaga in Zwei Fassungen
25:
836:Heiðreks saga konungs ok Hervarar
679:https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.3036
1740:Austri, Vestri, Norðri and Suðri
831:Hálfs saga konungs ok Hálfsrekka
343:Refur travels to King Gautrekr.
430:Bibliography and external links
372:Refr defeats the evil Refnefr.
340:Refo travels to King Gotricus.
2177:Nine Daughters of Ægir and Rán
796:Frá Fornjóti ok hans ættmönnum
1:
348:Some of the courtiers laugh.
826:Hálfdanar saga Eysteinssonar
274:The saga of Herraud and Bósi
239:or possibly Yngvar's father
148:('the story of Gift-Refr').
76:Saga of Hrólf son of Gautrek
2247:Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr
931:Þorsteins saga Víkingssonar
806:Gautreks saga ok Gjafa-Refs
3129:
2914:Festivals and holy periods
936:Þorsteins þáttr bæjarmagns
821:Hálfdanar saga Brönufóstra
579:. Berlin: Mayer and Müller
369:Refo kills the evil Ulvo.
2182:Nine Mothers of Heimdallr
1895:named animals and plants
1039:
866:Högna saga Hálfdanarsonar
861:Hrómundar saga Gripssonar
851:Hrólfs saga Gautrekssonar
761:
573:Ranisch, Wilhelm (1900).
210:Hrólfs saga Gautrekssonar
202:Hrólfs saga Gautrekssonar
101:Hrólfs saga Gautrekssonar
71:Hrólfs saga Gautrekssonar
2003:Black elves (Svartálfar)
901:Sturlaugs saga starfsama
871:Illuga saga Gríðarfóstra
463:Ancestry: Gautrek's saga
327:The courtiers mock him.
286:has a close parallel in
3103:13th-century literature
2885:Sacred trees and groves
2125:Hamskerpir and Garðrofa
1998:Light elves (Ljósálfar)
776:Ásmundar saga kappabana
766:Af Upplendinga konungum
641:Odén, Birgitta (1996).
2743:
1993:Dark elves (Dökkálfar)
1642:Narfi (father of Nott)
891:Ragnars saga loðbrókar
846:Hjálmþés saga ok Ölvis
841:Helga þáttr Þórissonar
554:Handrit: Gautreks saga
514:Six Sagas of Adventure
512:Waggoner, Ben (2014).
41:
2135:Skinfaxi and Hrímfaxi
1414:Sister-wife of Njörðr
876:Ingvars saga víðförla
811:Gríms saga loðinkinna
801:Friðþjófs saga frækna
781:Bósa saga ok Herrauðs
469:Seven Viking Romances
269:Bósa saga ok Herrauds
36:kills king Vikar, by
32:
2905:Wetlands and islands
2025:Fjörgyn and Fjörgynn
916:Tóka þáttr Tókasonar
791:Eiríks saga víðförla
457:English translations
55:) is a Scandinavian
18:Battle at Lake Vænir
2187:Narfi (son of Loki)
1334:Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr
977:Sagas of Icelanders
771:Áns saga bogsveigis
300:
2833:Religious practice
2807:Old Norse language
2274:Váli (son of Loki)
2162:Líf and Lífthrasir
2070:Árvakr and Alsviðr
2065:Horses of the Æsir
2045:Hati Hróðvitnisson
1186:Váli (son of Odin)
1029:Old Norse religion
967:Contemporary sagas
482:"King Gautrek" in
467:"King Gautrek" in
449:2018-06-12 at the
418:Bjarni Bjarnason's
409:. The idea of the
395:In popular culture
299:
42:
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3072:Germanic paganism
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2931:Germanic calendar
2895:Temple at Uppsala
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2257:Þjálfi and Röskva
2201:Personifications
1064:and other figures
995:
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950:Other saga genres
911:Sörla saga sterka
896:Ragnarssona þáttr
886:Norna-Gests þáttr
881:Ketils saga hængs
856:Hrólfs saga kraka
816:Göngu-Hrólfs saga
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80:king of the Geats
16:(Redirected from
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2015:Fjalar (rooster)
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284:Gjafa-Refs þáttr
231:the son of King
146:Gjafa-Refs þáttr
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257:Alrek and Eirík
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115:Shorter version
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2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2545:Hoddmímis holt
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2379:Körmt and Örmt
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2314:
2312:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1836:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1810:Sons of Ivaldi
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1726:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1428:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1369:
1363:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1210:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1156:Móði and Magni
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1077:
1075:
1066:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1017:
1010:
1002:
993:
992:
990:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
957:Bishops' sagas
953:
951:
947:
946:
944:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
762:
759:
758:
753:
751:
750:
743:
736:
728:
720:
719:
703:Fornaldarsögur
695:Alaric Hall, '
683:
670:
653:(2): 221–234.
649:(in Swedish).
630:
617:
590:
564:
563:
561:
558:
557:
556:
551:
546:
541:
533:
530:
529:
528:
523:978-1941136041
522:
509:
498:Gautrek's Saga
495:
480:
465:
458:
455:
454:
453:
436:
433:
431:
428:
396:
393:
390:
389:
386:
382:
381:
378:
374:
373:
370:
366:
365:
363:
360:
359:
356:
352:
351:
349:
345:
344:
341:
337:
336:
333:
329:
328:
325:
322:
321:
318:
314:
313:
308:
218:
215:
165:
164:Longer version
162:
116:
113:
87:
84:
57:legendary saga
52:Gautrek's Saga
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3125:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2953:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2875:Öndvegissúlur
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2855:Heitstrenging
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2828:
2824:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2802:Völsung Cycle
2800:
2798:
2797:Tyrfing Cycle
2795:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2745:Gesta Danorum
2741:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2717:Fróði's Peace
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2696:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2401:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2350:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2242:Shield-maiden
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1916:Ask and Embla
1914:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1377:Ingunar-Freyr
1375:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1067:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1011:
1009:
1004:
1003:
1000:
988:
985:
983:
982:Saints' sagas
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
954:
952:
948:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
921:Völsunga saga
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
763:
760:
756:
749:
744:
742:
737:
735:
730:
729:
726:
717:
715:
711:
710:
709:
706:
700:
699:
697:
690:
689:
684:
680:
674:
671:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
637:
635:
631:
627:
621:
618:
613:
609:
606:(1): 81–123.
605:
601:
594:
591:
578:
577:
569:
566:
559:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
539:
536:
535:
532:Original text
531:
525:
519:
515:
510:
507:
506:0-8020-1925-0
503:
499:
496:
493:
492:0-340-09396-X
489:
485:
481:
478:
477:0-14-044474-2
474:
470:
466:
464:
461:
460:
456:
452:
448:
445:
444:
439:
438:
434:
429:
427:
425:
424:
419:
414:
412:
408:
407:
402:
394:
387:
384:
383:
379:
376:
375:
371:
368:
367:
364:
362:
361:
357:
354:
353:
350:
347:
346:
342:
339:
338:
334:
331:
330:
326:
324:
323:
319:
316:
315:
312:
309:
306:
305:Gesta Danorum
303:
302:
297:
295:
294:
293:Gesta Danorum
289:
285:
281:
279:
275:
271:
270:
264:
262:
261:Ynglinga saga
258:
254:
253:Ælle of Deira
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
225:
224:Ynglinga saga
216:
214:
212:
211:
205:
203:
199:
195:
190:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
163:
161:
158:
154:
149:
147:
143:
137:
135:
131:
127:
122:
114:
112:
110:
109:Gautreks saga
105:
103:
102:
97:
93:
85:
83:
81:
77:
73:
72:
67:
66:West Geatland
63:
58:
54:
53:
48:
47:
46:Gautreks saga
39:
35:
31:
27:
19:
2765:
2758:
2751:
2722:Hjaðningavíg
2500:Glæsisvellir
2040:Gullinbursti
1687:Útgarða-Loki
1081:Almáttki áss
972:Kings' sagas
805:
713:
712:
708:
704:
702:
693:
692:
688:
687:
673:
662:. Retrieved
650:
646:
625:
620:
603:
599:
593:
581:. Retrieved
575:
568:
537:
513:
497:
483:
468:
442:
435:Bibliography
421:
415:
410:
404:
400:
398:
310:
304:
291:
283:
282:
273:
267:
265:
260:
222:
220:
208:
206:
201:
191:
178:Víkars þáttr
177:
174:Scandinavian
167:
150:
145:
138:
133:
118:
108:
106:
99:
89:
78:). See also
75:
69:
51:
50:
45:
44:
43:
26:
2880:Reginnaglar
2812:Orthography
2785:Jómsvíkinga
2760:Poetic Edda
2673:Urðarbrunnr
2668:Mímisbrunnr
2600:Singasteinn
2530:Hindarfjall
2510:Gnipahellir
2490:Ginnungagap
2465:Fyrisvellir
2460:Fornsigtuna
2394:Vimur River
2384:Slidr River
2157:Jörmungandr
1567:Hrímgrímnir
1196:Vili and Vé
987:Short tales
583:13 November
420:2011 novel
307:(8.16:1-4)
266:However in
249:Hrólf Kraki
3097:Categories
3047:Viking Age
3022:Philosophy
2890:Sonargöltr
2775:Runestones
2767:Prose Edda
2712:Fimbulvetr
2663:Hvergelmir
2630:Valaskjálf
2590:Sessrúmnir
2560:Jötunheimr
2535:Hlidskjalf
2525:Himinbjörg
2495:Glaðsheimr
2480:Gastropnir
2435:Bilskirnir
2415:Amsvartnir
2328:Gjallarbrú
2311:Underworld
2267:Landvættir
2167:Loddfáfnir
2145:Svaðilfari
2130:Hófvarpnir
2075:Blóðughófi
2055:Hildisvíni
1931:Aurvandill
1692:Vafþrúðnir
1677:Þrúðgelmir
1537:Harðgreipr
664:2011-12-25
560:References
401:Ættarstapi
3002:Mead hall
2936:Þorrablót
2790:Legendary
2685:Yggdrasil
2645:Víðbláinn
2640:Vanaheimr
2615:Þrymheimr
2610:Þrúðvangr
2605:Þrúðheimr
2575:Munarvágr
2565:Mímameiðr
2540:Hnitbjorg
2455:Fólkvangr
2440:Brávellir
2389:Vadgelmir
2374:Kerlaugar
2343:Niðafjöll
2303:Locations
2279:Valkyries
2227:Sæhrímnir
2115:Gulltoppr
2080:Falhófnir
1978:Einherjar
1961:Landdísir
1795:Mótsognir
1785:Hreiðmarr
1697:Víðblindi
1647:Sökkmímir
1637:Mögþrasir
1597:Hyrrokkin
1562:Hrímgerðr
1557:Hræsvelgr
1547:Helreginn
1542:Helblindi
1462:Bergelmir
1126:Ítreksjóð
1033:mythology
659:0036-5483
441:Entry in
411:ättestupa
406:Ättestupa
217:Analogues
38:Louis Moe
3065:See also
2987:Hamingja
2941:Vetrnætr
2926:Dísablót
2921:Álfablót
2727:Ragnarök
2635:Valhalla
2625:Útgarðar
2570:Myrkviðr
2555:Járnviðr
2550:Iðavöllr
2470:Gálgviðr
2450:Fensalir
2359:Élivágar
2333:Náströnd
2323:Éljúðnir
2192:Níðhöggr
2140:Sleipnir
2110:Gullfaxi
2010:Fimafeng
1926:Auðumbla
1745:Billingr
1672:Þrívaldi
1657:Suttungr
1612:Járnsaxa
1582:Hrungnir
1512:Gillingr
1507:Geirröðr
1487:Fárbauti
1477:Býleistr
1442:Angrboða
1394:Gullveig
1106:Heimdall
1096:Dellingr
612:27712637
447:Archived
170:Starkaðr
142:Wendland
92:Götaland
3017:Numbers
2997:Kenning
2870:Worship
2826:Society
2736:Sources
2655:Vingólf
2650:Vígríðr
2620:Uppsala
2585:Okolnir
2505:Glitnir
2475:Gandvik
2430:Bifröst
2420:Andlang
2338:Niflhel
2284:Völundr
2232:Skírnir
2172:Móðguðr
1968:Dragons
1951:Byggvir
1780:Gandalf
1765:Dvalinn
1735:Andvari
1572:Hrímnir
1527:Gunnlöð
1497:Fornjót
1492:Fjölvar
1472:Bölþorn
1447:Aurboða
1437:Alvaldi
1389:Gersemi
1206:Ásynjur
1111:Hermóðr
1101:Forseti
1051:Deities
707:Mannorð
423:Mannorð
241:Eystein
229:Ingjald
155:in the
130:Valhöll
86:Summary
62:Gautrek
34:Starkad
2860:Horses
2699:Events
2680:Ýdalir
2659:Wells
2595:Sindri
2580:Nóatún
2445:Brimir
2410:Asgard
2369:Ífingr
2352:Rivers
2262:Vættir
2120:Gyllir
2030:Fylgja
2020:Fenrir
1973:Draugs
1909:Others
1832:Heroes
1815:Brokkr
1770:Fáfnir
1760:Dúrnir
1755:Durinn
1730:Alvíss
1722:Dwarfs
1707:Vörnir
1617:Laufey
1482:Eggþér
1467:Bestla
1424:Jötnar
1409:Njörðr
1404:Kvasir
1367:Freyja
1319:Snotra
1279:Njörun
1234:Gefjon
1191:Víðarr
1131:Lóðurr
1060:jötnar
1056:dwarfs
714:', in
657:
610:
520:
504:
490:
475:
245:Danish
237:Yngvar
153:hersir
96:Sweden
3113:Geats
3052:Völva
3042:Skald
3037:Seiðr
3032:Runes
3027:Rings
2992:Heiti
2977:Galdr
2972:Félag
2962:Death
2955:Other
2865:Hörgr
2780:Sagas
2520:Heiðr
2485:Gimlé
2425:Barri
2364:Gjöll
2289:Vörðr
2252:Troll
2237:Sköll
2197:Norns
2105:Grani
2100:Glenr
2090:Glaðr
2060:Hjúki
2035:Garmr
1988:Elves
1983:Eldir
1956:Dísir
1936:Beyla
1870:Hi–Hy
1820:Eitri
1805:Regin
1750:Dáinn
1702:Vosud
1682:Þrymr
1662:Þjazi
1652:Surtr
1622:Leikn
1592:Hymir
1587:Hrymr
1577:Hroðr
1552:Hljod
1532:Gymir
1522:Gríðr
1502:Gangr
1452:Baugi
1399:Hnoss
1382:Yngvi
1372:Freyr
1359:Vanir
1339:Þrúðr
1314:Skaði
1309:Sjöfn
1304:Sigyn
1289:Rindr
1274:Nanna
1254:Iðunn
1239:Gerðr
1229:Fulla
1224:Frigg
1151:Mímir
1146:Meili
1121:Hœnir
1091:Bragi
1086:Baldr
608:JSTOR
247:king
233:Önund
198:Eirík
194:Vikar
182:Óðinn
126:Óðinn
121:Gauti
2982:Goði
2967:Ergi
2946:Yule
2845:Blót
2753:Edda
2215:Nótt
2210:Elli
2205:Dagr
2152:Jörð
2095:Glær
2085:Gísl
1946:Búri
1941:Borr
1921:Auðr
1865:H–He
1790:Litr
1712:Ymir
1667:Þökk
1632:Logi
1627:Litr
1457:Beli
1432:Ægir
1294:Sága
1269:Lofn
1264:Irpa
1259:Ilmr
1249:Hlín
1181:Ullr
1171:Thor
1161:Odin
1141:Máni
1136:Loki
1116:Höðr
1073:Æsir
1031:and
655:ISSN
585:2014
518:ISBN
502:ISBN
488:ISBN
473:ISBN
157:Sogn
3007:Nīþ
2850:Hof
2318:Hel
2050:Hel
1885:T–Y
1880:P–S
1875:I–O
1860:F–G
1855:D–E
1850:B–C
1800:Ótr
1602:Iði
1349:Vör
1344:Vár
1329:Syn
1324:Sól
1299:Sif
1284:Rán
1244:Gná
1219:Eir
1214:Bil
1176:Týr
1166:Óðr
604:106
290:'s
186:Þór
128:in
64:of
3099::
2900:Vé
1607:Ím
1058:,
1053:,
651:62
645:.
633:^
602:.
426:.
280:.
213:.
82:.
1845:A
1062:,
1021:e
1014:t
1007:v
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740:t
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667:.
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587:.
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