336:
139:
507:, Gorham and his men found all the houses deserted. Seeing a group of Mi'kmaq hiding in the bushes on the opposite shore, the Rangers opened fire. The skirmish deteriorated into a siege, with Gorham's men taking refuge in a sawmill and two of the houses. During the fighting around "Battle Hill", the Rangers suffered three wounded including Gorham, who sustained a bullet in the thigh. As the fighting intensified, a request was sent back to Fort Sackville for reinforcements.
451:
was the first recorded conflict after the proclamation of
Cornwallis' bounty. In early March 1750, the Acadians and Mi'kmaq took three English prisoners. Gorham was ordered to Fort Edward. The Battle at St. Croix occurred when New England Rangers were en route to Grand Pre to arrest the Acadians who
39:
475:
On
December 17, upon recently building a road from Halifax to Grand Pre, Cornwallis ordered Gorham to clear the road of natives who might hinder communications. On March 18, 1750, according to British accounts of the battle, a group of Rangers under the command of
440:. Four of them were killed on the spot, one was taken prisoner and one escaped. Two of the men were scalped, and the heads of the others were cut off. A detachment of rangers was sent after the raiding party and cut off the heads of two Mi'kmaq and scalped one.
224:
413:
Within 18 months of establishing
Halifax, the British also took firm control of the Nova Scotia peninsula by building fortifications in all the major Acadian communities: present-day Windsor (
545:
In March 1750, the Mi'kmaq and
Acadian militias killed Cornwallis' messenger who was en route from Halifax to Chignecto. As a result, Cornwallis stopped sending small parties out of Halifax.
363:(which included the Mi'kmaq) resisting British colonization along the New England–Acadia border in Maine by attacking colonial settlements (See the Northeast Coast Campaigns
217:
530:
After the siege, Gorham and the additional troops continued on to
Pisiguit. Arriving there, Gorham established himself at the Parish Church of L'Assomption (in present-day
335:
982:
210:
522:, equipped with two field guns, to join Gorham at Pisiguit. The additional troops and artillery turned the tide for Gorham and forced the Mi'kmaq to withdraw.
126:
461:
538:
wrote that between 1749 and 1755, Nova Scotia "was kept in an uninterrupted state of war by the
Acadians... and the reports of an officer commanding
977:
972:
1002:
893:
869:
848:
629:
582:
77:
987:
967:
1012:
394:
To prevent the establishment of
Protestant settlements in the region, the Mi'kmaq raided the early British settlements of present-day
997:
388:
384:
380:
372:
368:
288:
268:
681:
Harry
Chapman. In the Wake of the Alderney: Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, 1750–2000. Dartmouth Historical Association. 2000. p. 23.
477:
158:
1007:
504:
407:
436:
On
September 30, 1749, prior to the battle, about forty Mi'kmaq attacked six men who were cutting trees at a saw mill in
962:
725:
As with many battles with natives during the colonial period, the only written account of this battle is by the
British.
481:
426:
293:
515:
169:
535:
433:
remained without a fort.) Nevertheless, there were still numerous Mi'kmaq and Acadian raids on these fortifications.
957:
348:
539:
531:
493:
414:
403:
312:
278:
234:
30:
992:
839:
A Great and Noble Scheme: The Tragic Story of the Expulsion of the French Acadians from Their American Homeland
273:
248:
942:
562:
534:) and proceeded to scour the surrounding countryside in a search-and-destroy mission against the Mi'kmaq.
437:
395:
324:
67:
44:
672:, pp. 154–155; Thomas Beamish Akins. History of Halifax, Brookhouse Press. 1895. (2002 edition). p 7
879:
750:
580:
Scott, Tod (2016). "Mi'kmaw Armed Resistance to British Expansion in Northern New England (1676–1761)".
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802:
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492:(in present-day Windsor). Their mission was to establish a blockhouse at Pisiguit (i.e.,
914:
700:
639:
690:
Thomas Beamish Akins. History of Halifax, Brookhouse Press. 1895. (2002 edition). p 18.
951:
925:
Expeditions of Honour: The Journal of John Salusbury in Halifax, Nova Scotia, 1749–53
837:
605:
422:
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Arriving at about noon on March 20 at the Acadian village of Five Houses beside the
601:
468:
202:
444:
443:
On October 2, 1749, in response to the raid in Dartmouth, Cornwallis created an
340:
71:
542:, could not be conveyed with less an escort than an officer and thirty men."
510:
On March 22, responding to the call for assistance, Cornwallis ordered Captain
320:
92:
79:
621:
614:
Essays on Northeastern North America, Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
489:
430:
352:
425:). (A British fort already existed at the other major Acadian center of
803:"Selections from the public documents of the province of Nova Scotia"
777:"Selections from the public documents of the province of Nova Scotia"
496:), and to seize the property of Acadians who had participated in the
885:
From Migrant to Acadian: A North American Border People, 1604-1755
459:
334:
610:"Amerindian Power in the Early Modern Northeast: A Reappraisal"
452:
had supported the siege and the taking of the three prisoners.
206:
351:
in 1710, Nova Scotia remained primarily occupied by Catholic
653:
651:
649:
751:"Collections of the Nova Scotia Historical Society, p. 152"
703:. J. Barnes. February 5, 1866 – via Internet Archive.
733:
731:
861:
The Far Reaches of Empire: War in Nova Scotia, 1710-1760
359:
had arrived in Halifax, there was a long history of the
836:
406:began when Edward Cornwallis arrived to establish
616:. University of Toronto Press. pp. 129–152.
339:Five Houses, site of the battle (inset of map by
23:
218:
8:
488:), under orders from Cornwallis to march to
327:. The battle lasted from March 20–23, 1750.
225:
211:
203:
20:
983:Military history of the Thirteen Colonies
16:1750 battle during Father Le Loutre's War
927:. Newark: U of Delaware P, Newark, 1982.
737:
713:
669:
657:
554:
701:"A History of Nova Scotia, Or Acadie"
410:with 13 transports on June 21, 1749.
7:
583:Royal Nova Scotia Historical Society
919:. Vol. II. Halifax: J. Barnes.
916:A History of Nova-Scotia, Or Acadie
906:. Vol. 1. Victoria: Trafford, 2007.
888:. McGill-Queen's University Press.
323:at Battle Hill in the community of
14:
563:"The Scots magazine. v.12 (1750)"
864:. University of Oklahoma Press.
137:
37:
978:Military history of New England
973:Military history of Nova Scotia
938:Blue Pete – Battle at St. Croix
197:Three wounded, including Gorham
1003:Indigenous conflicts in Canada
478:John Gorham (military officer)
133:Acadians ("rebel inhabitants")
131:Maliseet ("St. John Indians"),
1:
843:. W.W Norton & Company.
427:Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia
402:(1720). A generation later,
1029:
988:Military history of Canada
968:Military history of Acadia
540:Fort Edward (Nova Scotia)
355:and Mi'kmaq. By the time
244:
188:
175:
149:
120:
50:
36:
28:
998:Conflicts in Nova Scotia
640:10.3138/9781442688032.12
904:The Lion & The Lily
514:'s Rangers and Captain
93:44.961917°N 64.033778°W
1013:Father Le Loutre's War
858:Grenier, John (2008).
472:
438:Dartmouth, Nova Scotia
404:Father Le Loutre's War
344:
325:St. Croix, Nova Scotia
313:Father Le Loutre's War
236:Father Le Loutre's War
150:Commanders and leaders
45:St. Croix, Nova Scotia
31:Father Le Loutre's War
923:Rompkey, Ronald, ed.
622:10.3138/9781442688032
520:40th Regiment of Foot
465:40th Regiment of Foot
463:
338:
189:Casualties and losses
98:44.961917; -64.033778
486:Bedford, Nova Scotia
361:Wabanaki Confederacy
347:Despite the British
963:1750 in Nova Scotia
833:Faragher, John Mack
660:, pp. 154–155.
309:Battle at St. Croix
289:2nd Northeast Coast
269:1st Northeast Coast
89: /
24:Battle at St. Croix
498:Siege of Grand Pre
473:
449:Siege of Grand Pre
447:proclamation. The
349:Conquest of Acadia
345:
331:Historical context
311:was fought during
1008:Mi'kmaq in Canada
958:Conflicts in 1750
895:978-0-7735-2699-0
880:Griffiths, N.E.S.
871:978-0-8061-3876-3
850:978-0-393-05135-3
631:978-0-8020-9137-6
606:Baker, Emerson W.
421:) and Chignecto (
357:Edward Cornwallis
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58:March 20–23, 1750
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911:Murdoch, Beamish
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569:. pp. 55 v.
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536:Richard Bulkeley
419:Fort Vieux Logis
317:Gorham's Rangers
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512:William Clapham
505:St. Croix River
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294:Fort Beauséjour
279:Country Harbour
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165:William Clapham
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144:British America
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127:Miꞌkmaq militia
112:British victory
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43:"Battle Hill",
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943:primary source
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740:, p. 174.
738:Murdoch (1866)
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716:, p. 166.
714:Murdoch (1866)
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670:Grenier (2008)
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658:Grenier (2008)
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516:George St. Loe
482:Fort Sackville
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811:. Retrieved
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759:. Retrieved
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469:David Morier
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258:
121:Belligerents
81:44°57′42.9″N
807:archive.org
781:archive.org
755:archive.org
532:Fort Edward
494:Fort Edward
445:extirpation
415:Fort Edward
398:(1715) and
341:John Brewse
159:John Gorham
96: /
72:Nova Scotia
952:Categories
813:1 November
787:1 November
761:1 November
567:HathiTrust
549:References
84:64°2′1.6″W
526:Aftermath
396:Shelburne
264:Chignecto
259:St. Croix
254:Grand Pré
161:(wounded)
68:St. Croix
913:(1866).
882:(2005).
835:(2005).
608:(2008).
490:Pisiguit
431:Cobequid
353:Acadians
315:between
194:1 killed
176:Strength
168:Captain
163:Captain
63:Location
29:Part of
590:: 1–18.
518:of the
408:Halifax
321:Mi'kmaq
284:Jeddore
184:Unknown
181:Unknown
155:Unknown
892:
868:
847:
809:. 1869
783:. 1869
757:. 1880
638:
628:
471:, 1751
456:Battle
109:Result
636:JSTOR
484:(now
480:left
400:Canso
890:ISBN
866:ISBN
845:ISBN
815:2015
789:2015
763:2015
626:ISBN
389:1747
385:1746
381:1745
377:1724
373:1723
369:1703
365:1688
319:and
307:The
55:Date
618:doi
467:by
391:).
954::
805:.
779:.
753:.
730:^
648:^
634:.
624:.
612:.
604:;
588:19
586:.
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383:,
379:,
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367:,
70:,
898:.
874:.
853:.
817:.
791:.
765:.
642:.
620::
343:)
226:e
219:t
212:v
129:,
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
