237:(believed to be the second cousin or the grandnephew of Eumenes I) in the year 241 BC. Attalus I decided against continuing the payment of tribute to the Gauls. Attalus I was the first Pergamene ruler who dared to go against this precedent. The stoppage of payment led to a military mobilization by both the Pergamenes and the Galatians, eventually leading to war between the two parties. Attalus I's reign began in 241 BC, giving the earliest possible date for this battle to have occurred.
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The exact date of the battle is unknown, but it seems to have taken place early in the reign of
Attalus I. Attalus I celebrated it as a great victory and as establishing his legitimacy as ruler early in his reign, and used it as a reason to dub himself
289:). The victory brought Attalus I fame, and he constructed monuments to his victory that were found by archaeologists centuries later. Even much later in his life, when he sent statues to Athens, he commissioned himself represented as in this battle.
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There are few surviving references that detail the course of this battle. What is known is that the outcome resulted in a decisive victory for
Attalus I and Pergamon.
218:, where they survived by raiding the towns along the Mediterranean coast. Many of these towns fell under the protection or direct control of the
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489:. Cornell Studies in Classical Philology, Volume 36 (Second ed.). Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. pp. 30–33.
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To popularize the victory, Attalus funded the creation of artwork celebrating it. Among others, a monument was erected at the
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continued to be a serious threat to the states of Asia Minor. The
Pergamenes and Galatians would fight again at the
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According to
Pausanias, the "son of the bull", the "one with bull horns" is a poetic reference to Attalus I.
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Phaennis, written a generation before the battle, that predicted the battle and states as follows:
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The devastating host of the Gauls shall pipe; and lawlessly
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281:) and officially received the title of King of Pergamon (
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3rd century BC battle between
Pergamon and the Galatians
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Who on all the Gauls shall bring a day of destruction.
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Shall raise a helper, the dear son of a bull reared by
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in return for their protection against the barbarians.
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which represented the defeat of the
Gaulish tribes in
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Then verily, having crossed the narrow strait of the
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They shall ravage Asia; and much worse shall God do
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233:This situation changed with the ascendancy of
410:The Attalid Kingdom: A Constitutional History
317:For a short while. For right soon the son of
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412:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 28–34.
315:To those who dwell by the shores of the sea
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538:Battles involving the Kingdom of Pergamon
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343:that included the famous sculptures the
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253:After the victory at the Caecus River,
292:One piece of interest was written by
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130:was a battle between an army of the
53:Some point between 241–235 BC?
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548:Battles involving the Gauls
485:Hansen, Esther V. (1971) .
408:Allen, Reginald E. (1983).
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124:Battle of the Caecus River
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487:The Attalids of Pergamon
210:. After passing through
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354:After the defeat, the
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106:Commanders and leaders
360:Battle of Aphrodisium
33:Marble statue of the
364:Gnaeus Manlius Vulso
257:adopted the surname
128:Battle of the Kaikos
220:Kingdom of Pergamon
132:Kingdom of Pergamon
95:Kingdom of Pergamon
389:Hellenistic period
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148:Caecus River
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89:Belligerents
67:(modern-day
64:Caecus River
517:Pausanias,
532:Categories
395:References
345:Dying Gaul
307:Hellespont
216:Asia Minor
138:, and the
35:Dying Gaul
505:71-142284
448:Pausanias
356:Galatians
337:acropolis
294:Pausanias
255:Attalus I
235:Attalus I
224:Eumenes I
200:migration
161:romanized
136:Attalus I
112:Attalus I
378:See also
347:and the
341:Pergamon
285:basileus
208:Anatolia
206:towards
186:basileus
144:Anatolia
58:Location
39:Anatolia
519:10.15.3
384:Galatia
366:in the
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228:tribute
194:Context
163::
116:Unknown
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437:13.4.2
433:Strabo
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319:Cronos
276:Savior
241:Battle
212:Greece
167:Káïkos
156:Κάϊκος
77:Result
69:Turkey
467:38.16
452:1.8.1
298:sibyl
261:Soter
204:Gauls
178:Soter
501:LCCN
491:ISBN
414:ISBN
324:Zeus
267:lit.
122:The
50:Date
339:of
202:of
126:or
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