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461:. Due to the fact that they had lived among the Seminoles, Forrester and Perryman were both employed by the U.S. Army as scouts and interpreters. Sandy Perryman himself was Harney's personal interpreter, and he had also been the main interpreter for the Macomb Treaty negotiations at Fort King. The Seminoles blamed Sandy Perryman for convincing them to agree to the fraudulent Macomb Treaty, and Abiaka ordered Perryman to be executed. The Seminoles executed Sandy Perryman by tying him to a pine tree, sticking splinters of
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rifles. The
Seminoles quickly managed to kill most of the soldiers (including Sergeant Bigelow) and all of the civilian employees of the trading post. Harney, who was only wearing his underwear, escaped by immediately getting out of his bed and diving into the Caloosahatchee River. Some other soldiers also escaped by fleeing into the river, and they managed to reunite with Harney later. While hiding from the Seminoles, Harney and the remainder of his men were then rescued by a
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about the contents of the letter. The
Seminoles believed they had been deceived after they learned the U.S. Government secretly intended for the peace treaty to only be temporary, and they came to regard the Macomb Treaty as fraudulent. The Seminoles decided to continue fighting. Abiaka decreed that the Seminoles would attack Harney's soldiers and the trading post on the Caloosahatchee River.
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that would allow them to remain in
Florida. The Seminole warriors overran the trading post and encampment, killing most of the soldiers and civilian traders. Harney and some of his soldiers managed to escape at the last moment. The battle led to a resumption of fighting as the war would continue for
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wrote a letter in which he stated that the Macomb Treaty was only supposed to be a temporary peace agreement, and that the U.S. Government would remove all the
Seminoles later in the future. Poinsett's letter was widely distributed throughout Florida, and the Seminoles themselves eventually learned
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ordered all U.S. troops in
Florida to end military operations in 1842. Harney would continue fighting in the war, and he later succeeded in finding and killing Chekaika, one of the Seminole leaders at Caloosahatchee. However, Harney was unsuccessful in finding Abiaka during his searches for him in
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The
Seminole attack began at dawn on July 23, 1839. The Seminole raiders divided into two groups, one of which attacked the trading post and the other attacked the U.S. Army camp. The U.S. soldiers were taken completely by surprise, as they were still in their beds and had no ammunition for their
411:
to hunt for wild hogs. During Harney's absence, the man in charge of the camp was
Sergeant John Bigelow, who neglected his duty to post guards around the camp. Sergeant Bigelow also neglected to hand out ammunition for the soldiers' new Colt rifles. When Harney returned to the camp, he was very
235:, Harney asked Abiaka to try negotiating a peace treaty with the United States. Abiaka agreed to Harney's proposal, and he decided to send one of his warriors named Chitto Tustenuggee (Snake Warrior) to be his emissary for the treaty negotiations. Harney then escorted Chitto Tustenuggee to
473:. The Seminoles decided to spare Sampson Forrester, but they continued to hold him captive for two years until he escaped back to the U.S. Army in 1841. After escaping from captivity, Sampson Forrester revealed that it was Chief Abiaka who ordered the Seminole attack at Caloosahatchee.
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The battle nullified the Macomb Treaty and it led to the continuation of the Second
Seminole War. The Macomb Treaty was the greatest attempt made at a peace treaty during the war, but it ultimately failed. The war would end three years later without a formal peace treaty, when Colonel
210:. The Seminole raiders were from various bands of Miccosukees, Muscogees, and "Spanish Indians". The battle happened because the Seminoles learned that the United States intended to violate the terms of the Macomb Treaty, a peace treaty they had recently negotiated with General
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243:, and they eventually came to a peace agreement. The terms of the peace agreement were that the Seminole would be allowed to remain in Florida, as long as they stayed south of the
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457:. Forrester and Perryman were initially loyal to the Seminole tribe at the start of the war, but they later defected to the United States in exchange for getting to live as
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of all
Seminoles from Florida, as they considered any Seminole presence in Florida to be a threat to their security. In order to calm the White Floridians, Secretary of War
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for the
Seminoles to buy goods from. Harney and his unit would later be assigned to build this trading post. This peace agreement would become known as the Macomb Treaty.
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The U.S. Army encampment near the Caloosahatchee trading post was left unguarded at the time of the battle. Shortly before the Seminole attack, Harney traveled to
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into his body, and lighting them on fire, which killed Perryman after several hours of agonizing pain. Sampson Forrester was also going to be executed, but
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424:. The Seminoles looted a large amount of silver coins, alcohol, gunpowder, and other goods from the trading post. The Seminoles also captured 30
194:, was a battle that took place during the Second Seminole War on July 23, 1839. A large group of Seminole raiders attacked a trading post and
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The terms of the Macomb Treaty enraged the White population of Florida. The White Floridians wanted the
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interceded on Forrester's behalf, saying Forrester should not be executed as he had been a friend of
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exhausted from his hunting trip, and he immediately went to bed without posting any guards either.
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247:. Another term of the peace agreement was that the U.S. Army would build a trading post on the
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593:"Abiaka, or Sam Jones, in Context: The Mikasuki Ethnogenesis through the Third Seminole War"
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from Harney's soldiers, which were the most advanced rifles the U.S. Army had at the time.
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Military History of the United States (Early Exploration through American Civil War)
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723:"The Bold Life of Samson Forrester, Hillsborough County's Foremost Black Pioneer"
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Two prisoners the Seminoles took from the Battle of the Caloosahatchee were two
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men named Sampson Forrester and Sandy Perryman, who were both taken into the
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501:"Caloosahatchee Massacre: Its Significance in the Second Seminole War"
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Last in Their Class: Custer, Pickett and the Goats of West Point
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559:"HARNEY ENDS CAREER HONORABLY IN EYES OF GOVERNMENT, SEMINOLES"
257:
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The Second Seminole War and the Limits of American Aggression
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The Black Seminoles: History of a Freedom-Seeking People
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Wars involving the indigenous peoples of North America
645:"Ocala Star-Banner - Google News Archive Search"
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206:and under the command of Lieutenant Colonel
386:Portrait of William Harney during the 1830s
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202:. The U.S. Army troops were part of the
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41:A U.S. Army encampment in South Florida
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780:Battles involving the United States
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746:Porter, Kenneth W. (2013-05-21).
698:Dreamers, Schemers and Scalawags
695:McIver, Stuart B. (2014-10-01).
321:Arbuthnot and Ambrister incident
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752:. University Press of Florida.
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617:Robbins, James (2017-03-21).
188:Battle of the Caloosahatchee,
83:Collapse of the Macomb Treaty
785:Battles of the Seminole Wars
701:. Rowman & Littlefield.
597:Florida Historical Quarterly
527:Monaco, C. S. (2018-03-15).
505:Florida Historical Quarterly
499:Adams, George (2021-07-13).
22:Battle of the Caloosahatchee
227:between William Harney and
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591:West, Patsy (2022-05-05).
16:Second Seminole War battle
790:1839 in the United States
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171:4 civilian traders killed
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426:Colt ring lever rifles
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301:Watering Hole Massacre
119:Commanders and leaders
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223:In May 1839 during a
198:encampment along the
164:Casualties and losses
306:Battle of Negro Fort
249:Caloosahatchee River
204:2nd Cavalry Regiment
200:Caloosahatchee River
64:Caloosahatchee River
810:Lee County, Florida
623:. Encounter Books.
420:that had come from
346:San Felasco Hammock
329:Second Seminole War
215:three more years.
29:Second Seminole War
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296:First Seminole War
169:16 soldiers killed
128:John Bigelow
800:Conflicts in 1839
759:978-0-8130-4775-1
708:978-1-56164-750-7
681:978-0-359-63972-4
668:Woltjer, Rodger.
630:978-1-59403-924-9
557:By (1994-06-26).
540:978-1-4214-2481-1
455:Big Cypress Swamp
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366:Pine Island Ridge
311:Battle of Suwanee
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459:Free Blacks
351:Wahoo Swamp
336:Dade battle
245:Peace River
774:Categories
732:2024-08-15
654:2024-08-14
568:2024-08-14
477:References
444:Everglades
219:Background
432:Aftermath
422:Tampa Bay
237:Fort King
196:U.S. Army
727:hcfl.gov
151:Strength
146:Chekaika
113:Seminole
58:Location
27:Part of
471:Osceola
463:fatwood
132:†
68:Florida
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403:Battle
229:Abiaka
225:parley
139:Abiaka
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
