37:
292:
285:
276:
262:
248:
234:
220:
206:
189:
99:
452:
181:
174:
167:
160:
153:
146:
139:
132:
125:
116:
88:
423:
decided to take over the task of restoring the
Yousafzai's organisation and unity. In the jirga that Yousafzai organised after consulting his friends and supporters, Ayub son of Rusi, Babu son of Saifu Aba Khel Mandanr, Mirwais son of Mullah Meru, and other individuals associated with Yousafzai took
499:
Akbar learned about the disaster two days later which devastated him and he refused to eat or drink in grief for two days over the loss of Birbal, his favourite courtier. An army under Rajah Todar Mal set off on 19 February to exact retribution against the
Yusufzais, killing a large number of them
471:
According to historians
Jadunath Sarkar and Raghubir Sinh, there were quarrels between the leaders of the Mughal troops, with Birbal, Abul Fath and Zain Khan disagreeing on the course of action, and "On 16th February, (1586), during a disorderly march, the Afghans attacked in a Swat defile. Panic
447:
and then took him to court. Kalu Khan ran away once more, went back home, and eventually became the leader of the seditious elements. Abu Fazal does not specifically state how Akbar took Kalu Khan to Agra or why or under what circumstances.
556:
fails to specifically refer to it as the Battle of
Malandari Pass, but instead states Raja Bir Bar and Zain Khan Koka commanded an army against Yusufzai chiefs and it was the greatest disaster to befall a Mughal army during
472:
seized the disunited
Imperial army and 8000 men lost their lives, including Rajah Birbal and many other high officers, while all their camp and equipage were plundered. The fugitives straggling in the hills were cut off."
783:
463:
in a battle with the
Mughals. Kalu Khan, who had just returned from Agra, also joined the fight. He was once again chosen by Yousafzais to lead the tribe in Damghar, Swat.
989:
979:
424:
part. Yousafzai's country was visited by this jirga as it preached about togetherness and issued ominous warnings about the consequences of divide.
984:
974:
924:
897:
837:
810:
748:
687:
602:
459:
The
Yousafzai had selected Ghazi Khan Malezai to serve as their leader while Kalu Khan was away. But soon after, Ghazi Khan was killed in
443:
to chastise Mirza
Muhammad. Kalu Khan was treated well, but he eventually left Agra. Khwaja Shamsuddin Khwafi detained Kalu Khan close to
827:
854:
500:
and selling many survivors to Turan and Persia, as "the countries of Swat, Bajaur and Buner were cleansed of evildoers."
914:
887:
800:
479:
and the
Malandari Pass, the Yusufzai Afghans under the command of Kalu Khan routed the combined forces of Zain Khan and
969:
374:
959:
488:
964:
619:
592:
519:
994:
940:
659:
354:
318:
509:
621:
An
Oriental Biographical Dictionary: Founded on Materials Collected by the Late Thomas William Beale
420:
393:
119:
704:
534:
28:
920:
893:
833:
806:
744:
683:
641:
598:
91:
677:
553:
266:
252:
238:
224:
210:
196:
291:
284:
275:
261:
247:
233:
219:
205:
188:
98:
36:
529:
460:
524:
370:
279:
721:
953:
432:
378:
350:
339:
102:
476:
56:
875:. Area Study Centre (Central Asia), University of Peshawar. 1981. pp. 47–48.
870:
764:
738:
635:
403:
Birbal is believed to have died in the battle alongside 40,000 Mughal soldiers.
491:
claims that around 8000 Mughal men perished as a result of the entire episode.
484:
440:
396:. It was one of the greatest defeats of Mughal history and under the reign of
343:
311:
769:. Area Study Centre (Central Asia), University of Peshawar. 1981. p. 47.
645:
889:
The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians: The Muhammadan Period
451:
180:
173:
166:
159:
152:
145:
138:
131:
124:
115:
87:
514:
416:
386:
60:
412:
483:. Birbal lost his life in this battle. According to Mughal historian
480:
444:
382:
192:
640:. Area Study Centre (Central Asia), University of Peshawar. 1981.
558:
450:
436:
397:
390:
52:
428:
487:, 40,000–50,000 Mughal men perished in this battle. However,
419:
tribe after Mullah Meru's defeat and death in 1581 AD, and
802:
Daggers of Treason: The Curse of Mughal Series - Vol. 1
737:
Allami, Abu-L.-Fazl; Mubārak, Abū al-Faz̤l ibn (2001).
369:was fought on 16 February 1586 in what is now the
427:Ain-i-Akbari claims that Kalu Khan travelled to
671:
669:
21:
682:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 50–51.
8:
892:. Cambridge University Press. p. 451.
581:Mughal-Afghan Relations in South Asia p132
35:
18:
941:Emperor Akbar : The Forgotten Mughal
778:
776:
574:
546:
919:. BoD – Books on Demand. p. 137.
743:. Low Price Publications. p. 70.
597:. BoD – Books on Demand. p. 137.
7:
706:A Short History Of The Mughal Empire
990:Battles involving the Mughal Empire
782:Jadunath Sarkar and Raghubir Sinh,
59:and Malandari Pass (in present day
22:Battle of the Malandari Pass (1586)
886:Elliot, Henry Miers (2013-03-21).
14:
980:16th century in the Mughal Empire
785:A History of Jaipur, c. 1503-1938
799:Srivastava, Niraj (2019-08-06).
290:
283:
274:
260:
246:
232:
218:
204:
187:
179:
172:
165:
158:
151:
144:
137:
130:
123:
114:
97:
86:
618:Beale, Thomas William (1894).
1:
985:Battles involving Afghanistan
975:History of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
856:INDIA: Brief History Volume 2
367:Battle of the Malandari Pass
913:Dowson, John (2023-02-25).
591:Dowson, John (2023-02-25).
375:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province
1011:
676:Richards, John F. (1993).
624:. W.H. Allen. p. 425.
415:had annihilated the whole
943:(2022) in Life/Philosophy
829:History of Medieval India
805:. Invincible Publishers.
327:
299:
251:Khwaja Arab Bakhshi
108:
80:
43:
34:
26:
660:"Mughal Empire in India"
16:Afghan-Mughal War battle
832:. S. Chand Publishing.
826:Mahajan, V. D. (2007).
703:Micheal Fisher (2016).
787:(Orient Longman, 1984)
723:Mughal Empire In India
720:Sharma, S. R. (1940).
456:
237:Raja Dharm Singh
128:Mirwais Khan Yousafzai
109:Commanders and leaders
853:Symist (2019-01-27).
454:
355:Abd al-Qadir Badayuni
328:Casualties and losses
319:Abd al-Qadir Badayuni
209:Aman Ullah Baig
916:The History of India
594:The History of India
510:Graveyard of Empires
709:. pp. 132–133.
530:Kushal Khan Khattak
394:Kalu Khan Yousafzai
142:Babu Khan Yousafzai
135:Ayub Khan Yousafzai
120:Kalu Khan Yousafzai
970:Afghan-Mughal Wars
535:Ahmad Shah Durrani
520:Afghan-Mughal Wars
457:
421:Kalu Khan Yusufzai
389:tribesmen, led by
385:, was attacked by
377:. The army of the
265:Mullah Sheri
29:Afghan-Mughal Wars
960:Conflicts in 1586
926:978-3-382-12416-8
899:978-1-108-05587-1
839:978-81-219-0364-6
812:978-81-936662-0-3
750:978-81-7536-228-4
740:The A-in-i Akbari
689:978-0-521-56603-2
679:The Mughal Empire
604:978-3-382-12416-8
363:
362:
353:soldiers killed (
342:soldiers killed (
288:Said Khan Ghakkar
76:
75:
1002:
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554:John F. Richards
551:
515:Yusufzai Afghans
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223:Saeed Khan
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398:Akbar the Great
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5:
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965:Buner District
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862:
845:
838:
818:
811:
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756:
749:
729:
726:. p. 278.
712:
695:
688:
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468:
465:
408:
405:
373:in Pakistan's
371:Buner District
361:
360:
359:
358:
347:
338:40,000-50,000
334:
330:
329:
325:
324:
323:
322:
315:
306:
302:
301:
297:
296:
280:Zain Khan Koka
185:
111:
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106:
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95:
83:
82:
78:
77:
74:
73:
72:Afghan victory
70:
66:
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51:
49:
41:
40:
32:
31:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1007:
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995:1586 in India
993:
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559:Akbar's reign
555:
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531:
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525:Sher Shah Sur
523:
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455:Yusufzai Flag
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430:
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379:Mughal Empire
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103:Mughal Empire
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62:
58:
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50:
47:
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42:
38:
33:
30:
25:
20:
939:Nair, Binoj
935:
915:
908:
888:
881:
872:Central Asia
871:
865:
855:
848:
828:
821:
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794:
784:
766:Central Asia
765:
759:
739:
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705:
698:
678:
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637:Central Asia
636:
630:
620:
613:
593:
586:
577:
549:
498:
477:Karakar Pass
475:Between the
474:
470:
458:
441:Kabul region
439:went to the
426:
410:
402:
366:
364:
268:
254:
240:
226:
212:
198:
170:Quraish Khan
163:Sargand Khan
81:Belligerents
57:Karakar Pass
789:, pp. 68-69
481:Raja Birbal
383:Raja Birbal
184:Hindal Khan
156:Aladad Khan
149:Bostan Khan
954:Categories
569:References
485:Khafi Khan
407:Background
344:Khafi Khan
312:Khafi Khan
177:Misri Khan
55:, Between
859:. Symist.
646:1729-9802
495:Aftermath
431:with the
417:Yousafzai
381:, led by
357:'s claim)
346:'s claim)
321:'s claim)
314:'s claim)
310:50,000+ (
295:Abu Fateh
94:tribesmen
504:See also
489:Badayuni
435:Emperor
387:Yusufzai
317:8,000+ (
300:Strength
61:Pakistan
48:Location
27:Part of
662:. 1940.
413:Mughals
333:Unknown
305:Unknown
269:†
255:†
241:†
227:†
213:†
199:†
923:
896:
836:
809:
747:
686:
644:
601:
467:Battle
461:Bajaur
445:Attock
433:Mughal
351:Mughal
349:8,000
340:Mughal
195:
193:Birbal
92:Afghan
69:Result
541:Notes
437:Akbar
391:Malik
53:Buner
921:ISBN
894:ISBN
834:ISBN
807:ISBN
745:ISBN
684:ISBN
642:ISSN
599:ISBN
429:Agra
411:The
365:The
956::
775:^
668:^
400:.
929:.
902:.
842:.
815:.
753:.
692:.
648:.
607:.
561:.
63:)
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