827:), less a brigade each. News of the Italian disaster in Egypt, the harassment by Gazelle Force and the activities of Mission 101 in Ethiopia, led to the Italians withdrawing their northern flank to Keru and Wachai and then on 18 January to retreat hurriedly from Kassala, Tessenei and the triangle of Keru, Biscia and Aicota. Wavell ordered Platt to begin the March offensive early on 9 February and to begin on 19 January, when it seemed that Italian morale was crumbling. Wireless decrypts greatly aided British preparations and the decision to attack ahead of schedule. The Italian withdrawal led Wavell to order a pursuit and the troops arriving at Port Sudan (Briggs Force) to attack at Karora and advance parallel to the coast, to meet the forces coming from the west.
160:
1139:, advancing south from Agordat, found that rock and huge boulders on the slopes above the road had been dynamited to block the road. The defenders fought another determined rearguard action as the Indian engineers cleared the obstructions. On 31 January, the 1st Worcester captured rises to the west, despite stifling heat, thirst, moving through thorn bushes which tore clothing and slashed skin, over dry crumbly soil. The Italians were forced out of two lines of defence but had prepared for this and surveyed their positions to bring mortar and machine-gun fire on them, forcing back the 1st Worcester and nearby Indian troops.
1053:
697:
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967:. The roads joined at Agordat and went through Keren, the only route to Asmara. Agordat was a small town on the north bank of the Baraka river, a dry strand except in the rainy season, with palm groves along the banks. To the south-west of Agordat, was the Laquetat ridge, defended by a fort at each end, wire entanglements and a concrete wall. To the south-east, the Italians had built fortifications on four rocky outcrops and beyond was Mount Cochen, with a peak about 2,000 ft (610 m) above the plain.
299:
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38:
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130:
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Cochen during the night and the fighting continued all through 29 January. The 1st
Battalion, (Wellesley's) moved up to the ridge but on 30 January, three more Italian battalions arrived and counter-attacked, throwing back the Indian infantry. A company from each of the Indian battalions had been detached because of insufficient mules and carried ammunition, water and food forward by hand, assisted by the
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superiority in tanks and wheeled vehicles. The defenders had retreated instead and the
British realised that the rest of the Italian force in Eritrea was still well-equipped, when 300 rifles, thousands of rounds of ammunition and hand grenades were recovered. The Italian and colonial defenders of Agordat had fought a determined defence but Lorenzini had kept the 42nd Brigade south of the Baraka (
902:) at Kassala retired on the night of 17/18 January 1941, which to the British suggested that the situation in Egypt was affecting Italian strategy in East Africa and that a bolder British policy was justified. The British offensive from Sudan due on 9 February was brought forward to 19 January and Platt was ordered to mount a vigorous pursuit. While the garrison of Gallabat was ordered to reach
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of men to be taken prisoner, along with their guns and several medium and light tanks. The first
British and Indian troops into Barentu found hot food in the Italian field kitchens. The retreat of the remains of the 2nd Colonial Division was pursued by 2 Motor-Machine-Gun Group and by 8 February, the Italians had abandoned their vehicles and dispersed into the hills.
737:(Patriots), in Gojjam. The loss of Kurmuk prompted some of the locals to resort to banditry; local Sudanese opinion was impressed by the Italian successes but the population of Kassala continued to support the British and supplied valuable information during the occupation. The SDF continued to operate close to Kassala and on 5 July, a company of the 2nd Battalion,
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situation in Cairo from 1 to 2 December. With
Compass imminent in Egypt, the British forces in East Africa were to provide help to the Patriots in Ethiopia and continue to pressure the Italians at Gallabat. Kassala was to be recaptured early in January 1941, to prevent an Italian advance deeper into Sudan and the
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In two weeks the
British had advanced 130 mi (210 km), fought four actions, taken 6,000 prisoners and 80 guns, 26 tanks and 400 lorries. A message from the Duke of Aosta was found in which ordered Agordat and Barentu to be defended to the last man, because the terrain would nullify British
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replacement codes. Sufficient low-grade ciphers had also been broken to reveal the
Italian order of battle and the supply situation by the time that the British offensive began on 19 January 1941. Italian dependence on wireless communication, using frequencies on which it was easy for the British to
784:
in Rome, adopted a new strategy in East Africa. In
December 1940, Cavallero ordered the Italian forces in East Africa to concentrate on the defence of the AOI by withdrawing to better defensive positions. On 31 December, Frusci ordered a retirement from the area north of Kassala along the track east
692:
Italian cavalry entered
Kassala and the defenders withdrew to Butana Bridge, having lost one man killed, three wounded and 26 missing, some of whom rejoined their units. Italian casualties were 43 men killed and 114 wounded. At Kassala, the 12th Colonial Brigade built anti-tank defences, machine-gun
574:
To avoid being cut off the
Italians began a disorderly retreat to Keren, leaving behind 1,000 prisoners, several guns and 14 knocked out tanks; another 1,000 men were taken during the British pursuit. The Battle of Agordat saw some of the most determined and effective defensive operations of the war
1142:
A SDF machine-gun company found a track and was able to outflank the defenders and attack from the east. As news spread of the fall of
Agordat, the garrison withdrew along tracks towards Adi Ugri and along the Asmara–Adua road on the night of 1/2 February, leaving behind about two battalions' worth
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behind Mt Cochen, which forced the attackers to withdraw and reorganise the two Indian battalions which had become dispersed among the ridge and ravines. Three Indian battalions attacked again and forced the Italians back towards the Barentu road. In the plain, the 2nd Cameron eventually captured a
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followed up across the plain and by dark had dug in on the Italian flank. The 4th Sikh and 3/2st Punjab attacked Laquetat ridge during the night of 28/29 January but were repulsed and were transferred back to the plain, Gazelle Force taking over. Two Italian battalions had been sent to reinforce Mt
956:
The ground at Agordat was a natural defensive position and the defences mostly blocked an advance from the south-west from Biscia and Barentu; the northern flank was barred by the bed of the Baraka river. Two roads from Kassala ran to Agordat, a track to the north through Keru and Biscia, where the
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from their rear. The charge created much disarray between the Commonwealth lines but as the cavalry prepared to charge again, the Allied force re-organized and opened fire on the Amhara cavalry, while armoured units tried to encircle them. Guillet's deputy, Lieutenant Renato Togni, charged a column
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of B Squadron, 4th RTR to join from Egypt. The 5th Indian Division was to capture Aicota, ready to move east to Barentu or north-east to Biscia. Apart from air attacks the pursuit was not opposed until Keru Gorge, which was held by a rearguard of the 41st Colonial Brigade. The brigade retreated on
558:
After the garrison of Italian and colonial troops at Kassala in Sudan was ordered to withdraw in mid-January, the British offensive into Eritrea due in February 1941 began in mid-January instead. Agordat was an excellent defensive position and the British advance was slowed by delaying actions and
793:
and Metemma–Gondar roads. Frusci was reluctant to withdraw from the lowlands, because it would be a propaganda defeat after he had announced that the British were about to attack and would be defeated. Kassala was also an important railway junction; holding it prevented the British from using the
741:
arrived at Gedaref; the British discovered that exaggerated rumours of the arrival had reached the Italians. Platt decided to bluff the Italians into believing that there were far greater forces on the Sudan border; an Italian map captured on 25 July showed that around 20,000 British and Sudanese
1204:
During the battle and retirement from Agordat, 1,500 to 2,000 Italian and local troops were taken prisoner. From Agordat, Barentù and the retreat to Keren, Italian and colonial forces suffered casualties of 179 officers, 130 non-commissioned officers (NCOs), 1,230 Italian and 14,686 Askari other
1131:
got lost in the dark, leaving the flank of the 6th FFR uncovered and the defenders counter-attacked. Another effort on 26 January made some progress and the Italians retired during the night. On 28 January, the Indians attacked another blocking position and forced the Italians back to a position
1080:
Several counter-attacks by the Askari and the Amhara Cavalry in the open failed and the 3/1st Punjab passed through the Fusiliers to attack four fortified hills, known as Tinker, Tailor, Soldier and Sailor. Tinker and Tailor had been captured as night fell and the Punjabis dug in to face Italian
806:
delta against Italian advanced posts around Kassala on the Ethiopian plateau, where hill ranges from 2,000–3,000 ft (610–910 m) bound wide valleys and the rainfall makes the area malarial from July to October. After a British reverse at Gallabat in November, Wavell held a review of the
1107:
Barentu was a fortified town with an airfield, in a plain ringed with steep hills, about 28 mi (45 km) from a gold mine at Guala. The town was garrisoned by the 2nd Colonial Division (General Angelo Bergonzi) with nine infantry battalions (8,000 men) 36 tanks and armoured cars and 32
970:
To the north and east the foothills were closer together and the Barentu road ran south between Laquetat and Mt Cochen. The 4th Indian Division was sent 40 mi (64 km) along the road to Sabderat and Wachai, thence as far towards Keru as supplies allowed, with the Matilda
933:
with his platoon of 30 colonial soldiers who were all killed but this allowed the remainder of the cavalry to disengage. The charge cost the Amhara cavalry some 800 killed or wounded but slowed the British advance for long enough for the main Italian force to reach Agordat.
1279:
In 1988, Alberto Rovighi recorded Italian losses as 179 officers, 130 NCOs, 1,230 Italian soldiers, 14,686 Askari killed, wounded or taken prisoner along with 4,331 pack animals, 329 light machine-guns, 231 machine-guns, 96 artillery pieces, 141 trucks, 7 motorcycles, 15
1195:
lost 61 aircraft, 50 in combat or on the ground. After the delaying action at Agordat, the 4th Colonial Division had time to retreat along a path to the north, sowing mines and demolitions as it went. On 3 February, Wavell ordered Platt to capture Keren and Asmara.
1256:(Captain Lorenzo Muiesan) carrying 8,600 t (8,500 long tons; 9,500 short tons) of stores, including 360,000 grenades, 60 boxes of detonators and stores and anti-tank guns reached Port Said on 3 June 1940, en route for Massawa. The ship was shadowed by the
815:) was to be transferred from Egypt to Sudan from the end of December. With the success of Compass, East Africa was made second in importance after Egypt, a strategy in which victory over the Italian forces in Ethiopia was to be achieved by April 1941.
1182:. The Italian retreats had been fairly well organised and though the British followed up as swiftly as possible, they lacked mobility; air support from the RAF was limited by the distance of their airfields from the front line. The airfields of the
1021:
On 28 January, The 4th Indian Division made an outflanking move north of Agordat towards Mount Itaberrè and Mount Caianac and Four Matilda I tanks of the 7th RTR arrived during the day. The 4th Battalion, Sikh Regiment and the 3/1st Battalion,
788:
Earlier in the month, Frusci had received orders from Rome to cancel plans to invade Sudan, withdraw from Kassala and Metemma in the lowlands along the Sudan–Eritrea border and hold the more easily defended mountain passes on the
376:
924:), was ordered to slow down the Allied advance for at least 24 hours in the plain between Aicota and Barentu in Eritrea. The cavalry covertly circumvented the Anglo-Indian forces and at dawn on 21 January, began a surprise
818:
The transfer of the 4th Indian Division took until early January 1941. Platt intended to begin the offensive on the northern front on 8 February, with a pincer attack on Kassala, by the 4th Indian Infantry Division and
1217:, 36 M11/39 tanks and L3 tankettes. In 2014 Angelo Del Boca wrote that 1,289 Italian troops were killed around Gondar from June 1940 to the end of the campaign, 407 of the casualties being suffered in November 1941.
559:
mined roads but the attack began on 28 January on the left (northern) flank, which was repulsed. Determined fighting took place on the hills and plain below until 31 January, when the British attacked behind four
1188:
at Sabderat and Tessenei were taken over as soon as possible and air attacks made on Italian marching columns, the railway and the remaining Italian airfields in Eritrea. From mid-January to mid-February, the
369:
5395:
547:. The British had the advantage of breaking Italian codes and cyphers before the offensive and received copious amounts of information from Italian sources on the order of battle and plans of the
1008:, achieving air supremacy for the rest of the campaign. By 27 January, most of the two Indian divisions were close to Agordat and a brigade turned south, to move across country towards Barentu.
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The Italian attacks had gained a valuable entry point to Sudan at Kassala and by capturing Gallabat made it harder for the British to support the indigenous Ethiopian resistance fighters, the
3246:
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720:(irregulars with Italian officers). Gallabat was placed under the command of Colonel Castagnola and fortified. Karora was occupied unopposed and on 7 July, another colonial battalion and
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with the Anglo-Indian infantry preceded by Matilda tanks which crushed the Italian defences within a few minutes, overwhelmed the Italian artillery and destroyed eleven M11/39 tanks and
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2017:. Official History of the Indian Armed Forces In the Second World War (1939–1945) (online ed.). Delhi: Combined Inter-Services Historical Section (India & Pakistan).
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The attack on Mount Laquatat and the pass between Mount Laquatat and Mount Cochen (where the defenders were commanded by Colonel Luziani) was renewed by the 1st Battalion,
2197:
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1981:
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to anchor near Port Sudan on 9 June and next day, while a Navy boarding party was on the ship, Muiesan heard that war had been declared and managed to scuttle the ship.
5400:
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906:, the 12th Colonial Brigade methodically retired towards the Keru–Biscia–Aicota triangle in the foothills of the Eritrean highlands, while opposing some resistance to
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behind as prisoners. By 25 January, the Allied forces had cut the line of communication between Agordat and Barentu. On the following day, the 4th Indian Division (
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along with 14 damaged tanks, 43 guns and all the heavy equipment. During the pursuit, another 1,000 prisoners were taken and Agordat was occupied on 1 February.
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counter-attacks but these did not occur. Apprehensive of being trapped if the Keren road was cut behind them, the defenders retreated in some confusion towards
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After the conquest of British Somaliland, the Italians in the AOI adopted a more defensive posture. In late 1940, Italian forces had suffered defeats in the
1026:
closed on Laquetat unopposed. The 3/14th Punjab made a cautious advance over the plain and reached the top of Mt Cochen just after dark. The 2nd Battalion,
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3745:
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862:. On occasion, British commanders had messages before the recipients and it was reported later by the Deputy Director Military Intelligence in Cairo, that
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to begin on 4 July 1940 after Italy had declared war on Britain and France on 10 June. Three columns of Italian and colonial forces comprising about
2905:
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1039:. During the supply effort the carriers had to drop their loads and fix bayonets, to fill a gap in the line. The Italians also managed to get some
3988:
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405:
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29:
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4135:
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214:
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3033:
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1116:) and was opposed by an Italian Colonial brigade on the Barentu road, until the defenders were outflanked by the 6th Battalion,
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298:
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On the evening of 25 January another rearguard was encountered; an attack before dawn was repulsed after the 3rd Battalion,
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behind the four Matildas, to break through the last obstacle before the Agordat plain. The final assault took place from
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As Gazelle Force threatened to outflank and encircle the retreating Italian forces, the Amhara Cavalry (Lieutenant
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eavesdrop, led to a flood of information from the daily report from the Viceroy, to the operational plans of the
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The British forces had been forced to stop their pursuit on the Barka, where the only bridge had been blown and
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and Gallabat untenable, leading to the decision by Italian command to abandon them and withdraw the troops to
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866:...he could not believe that any army commander in the field had been better served by his intelligence....
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British Intelligence in the Second World War: Its Influence on Strategy and Operations (abridged edition)
1171:) and neglected the opportunity to send it to counter-attack around the northern flank of the attackers.
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by the Italian and local forces. The battle was the first big victory in the British offensive against
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The Italians in the AOI had replaced their ciphers by November 1940 but by the end of the month, the
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Vita e morte del soldato italiano nella guerra senza fortuna: La strana guerra dei quindici giorni
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of Sabdaret with outposts at Serobatib and Adaret, with a mobile force at Sabdaret as a reserve.
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688:, then knocked out six Italian tanks and inflicted considerable casualties on the attackers. At
37:
1854:. History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. I (3rd ed.).
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spur known as Gibraltar and defeated several Italian counter-attacks during the afternoon.
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Life and Death of Italian Soldiers in the War with no Luck: The Strange War of Fifteen Days
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845:(GC&CS) in England and the Cipher Bureau Middle East (CBME) in Cairo had broken the
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railway to carry supplies from Port Sudan on the Red Sea coast to the base at Gedaref.
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1964:
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684:) and local police, who remained under cover during a twelve-hour bombardment by the
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1077:, some of which were crewed by German volunteers from ships in the port of Massawa.
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1805:]. Amici della storia. Vol. I. 18 volumes, 1973–1974. Ginevra: Ed. Ferni.
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6 mi (9.7 km) from Barentu, where the defenders resisted for three days.
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The Mediterranean and Middle East: The Early Successes Against Italy (to May 1941)
1085:, while the Indian and British infantry pursued towards Agordat. The British took
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917:) a motorised unit from the SDF, the 4th and the 5th Indian Infantry divisions.
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1739:]. Storia e società (Editori Laterza). Vol. III. Roma: Bari, Laterza.
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Military Operations in the Italian East Africa, 1935–1941: Conquest and Defeat
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Example of a Matilda tank, photographed in England, 29 June 1941 (H10864)
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The First Victory: The Second World War and the East Africa Campaign
1905:] (in Italian). Roma: Stato Maggiore Esercito, Ufficio storico.
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ranks; a total of 15,916 soldiers. The Italians lost 96 guns, 231
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1051:
941:
749:
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639:(General of the Air Force) ordered an Italian attack on Kassala,
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Ball of Fire – The Fifth Indian Division in the Second World War
1899:
Le Operazioni in Africa Orientale: (giugno 1940 – novembre 1941)
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1758:. History of the Second World War (2nd rev. ed.). London:
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2011:
Qureshi, N. A.; et al. (1963). Prasad, Bisheshwar (ed.).
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1354:
730:
and overcame sixty Sudanese police after a short engagement.
1880:
Wavell in the Middle East, 1939–1941: A Study in Generalship
539:
against British, Commonwealth and Indian forces, during the
1460:
1458:
1456:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1511:
1509:
1426:
1424:
886:
The situation in late 1940 rendered the Sudanese towns of
708:, the Governor of Galla-Sidamo captured the Sudan fort of
1387:
1385:
1383:
1161:
Italian M11/39 tanks captured after the battle of Agordat
1108:
mountain guns in three defence lines. On 21 January, the
1000:
fighters destroyed most of the fifty Italian aircraft in
2039:
Squadrone bianco: storia delle truppe coloniali italiane
1733:
Gli italiani in Africa Orientale: La caduta dell'Impero
2724:
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
2043:
White Squadron: History of the Italian Colonial Troops
1922:(1st ed.). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
1903:
Operations in East Africa: (June 1940 – November 1941)
1693:
1691:
1986:(MMS). Quantico, VA: USMC Command and Staff College.
1317:
1315:
583:(5 February – 1 April), which led to the fall of the
5396:
Battles of World War II involving the United Kingdom
5092:
4820:
4661:
4486:
4245:
4097:
4035:
3939:
3930:
3811:
3537:
3447:
3288:
2991:
2982:
2740:
2565:
2418:
2180:
2173:
1824:
Black Facets: History of the Conquest of the Empire
1737:
The Italians in East Africa: The Fall of the Empire
630:
Comando Forze Armate dell'Africa Orientale Italiana
1227:List of British military equipment of World War II
992:) artillery bombarded the Italian defences, while
802:In November 1940, Gazelle Force operated from the
1820:Faccetta nera: storia della conquista dell'impero
1782:Eastern Epic: September 1939 – March 1943 Defence
742:troops were believed to be in Kassala province.
712:with a battalion of Italian colonial troops and
633:(Italian East African Armed Forces Command) and
555:(Italian Royal Air Force) and the Italian army.
864:
22:
1232:List of Italian Army equipment in World War II
1127:captured its objective but the 1st Battalion,
726:supported by artillery and aircraft, attacked
704:During the Italian attack at Kassala, General
2078:
1291:
1281:
1190:
1183:
963:, a tarmac road through Tessenei, Aicota and
958:
898:. The Italian 12th Colonial Brigade (General
721:
713:
648:
634:
628:
622:
548:
370:
8:
1826:]. Le scie. Milano: Edizioni Mondadori.
1784:. Vol. I. London: Chatto & Windus.
1333:
679:
673:
980:leaving General Ugo Fongoli, his staff and
3936:
2988:
2177:
2085:
2071:
2063:
1266:of the Red Sea Escort Force, which forced
571:tanks and forced the infantry to retreat.
377:
363:
355:
19:
1583:
1554:
1542:
1515:
1391:
1670:
1646:
1610:
1530:
1447:
1430:
1403:
1362:
947:Lieutenant Amedeo Guillet with a Libyan
5401:Battles of World War II involving Italy
1709:
1682:
1658:
1629:
1614:
1500:
1488:
1464:
1374:
1345:
1311:
1243:
780:, the new Italian Chief of the General
647:launched the assault, supported by the
5371:Battles and operations of World War II
3917:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union
4788:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
4220:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
3866:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union
3822:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union
2920:Rape during the occupation of Germany
1476:
1415:
1321:
567:, which easily destroyed the Italian
388:East African campaign of World War II
7:
5376:East African campaign (World War II)
3910:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union
2935:Rape during the liberation of France
1697:
1595:
1566:
30:East African Campaign (World War II)
2045:]. Le scie. Milano: Mondadori.
700:Italian artillery firing on Kassala
660:Kassala was defended by fewer than
531:from 26 to 31 January 1941, by the
4136:German invasion of the Netherlands
2409:Weather events during World War II
14:
4767:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
1030:and 1st Battalion (Wellesley's),
843:Government Code and Cypher School
602:Northern front, East Africa, 1940
42:British invasion of Eritrea, 1941
5327:
304:
297:
192:
176:
158:
143:
128:
36:
1797:Maioli, G.; Baudin, J. (1974).
1028:Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders
657:squadrons acting as vanguards.
305:
5014:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945
2717:Territorial changes of Germany
2625:Indonesian National Revolution
2014:East African Campaign, 1940–41
537:Royal Corps of Colonial Troops
1:
4414:Japanese invasion of Thailand
4365:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
4129:German invasion of Luxembourg
2503:Mediterranean and Middle East
1213:, 4,331 draught animals, 387
1102:United Nations map of Eritrea
336:province, between the modern
4321:Invasion of the Soviet Union
4010:Occupation of Czechoslovakia
3321:Independent State of Croatia
1945:Brett-James, Antony (1951).
1137:10th Indian Infantry Brigade
1110:29th Indian Infantry Brigade
990:11th Indian Infantry Brigade
821:5th Indian Infantry Division
809:4th Indian Infantry Division
5305:End of World War II in Asia
5145:Western invasion of Germany
4652:Chinese famine of 1942–1943
4629:Second Battle of El Alamein
4199:Hundred Regiments Offensive
4171:Battle of the Mediterranean
4024:Italian invasion of Albania
2191:Air warfare of World War II
986:5th Indian Infantry Brigade
739:Royal Warwickshire Regiment
5422:
5231:Naval bombardment of Japan
4599:First Battle of El Alamein
4518:Battle of Christmas Island
4463:Japanese invasion of Burma
4227:Italian invasion of Greece
4143:German invasion of Belgium
4115:German invasion of Denmark
4088:1939–1940 Winter Offensive
3957:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
2214:Comparative military ranks
2037:Quirico, Domenico (2002).
1897:Rovighi, Alberto (1988) .
1118:13th Frontier Force Rifles
1112:advanced from Aicota (now
834:
599:
596:Italian capture of Kassala
5320:
5152:Bratislava–Brno offensive
5083:Dutch famine of 1944–1945
4707:Allied invasion of Sicily
4567:Aleutian Islands campaign
4539:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
4477:Greek famine of 1941–1944
4372:Second Battle of Changsha
4277:German invasion of Greece
4122:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang
2457:North and Central Pacific
2100:
1037:Bengal Sappers and Miners
624:Africa Orientale Italiana
433:British Somaliland (1941)
406:British Somaliland (1940)
396:
292:
276:
258:
237:
208:
120:
46:
35:
27:
4744:Allied invasion of Italy
4721:Solomon Islands campaign
4470:Third Battle of Changsha
4067:First Battle of Changsha
3973:Second Sino-Japanese War
2906:German military brothels
2772:United States war crimes
1882:. London: Brassey's UK.
1818:Petacco, Arrigo (2003).
1754:Hinsley, F. H. (1994) .
1479:, pp. 172–174, 175.
1377:, pp. 149–150, 271.
1334:Maioli & Baudin 1974
693:posts and strongpoints.
627:, commander in chief of
579:and was followed by the
332:. Capital of the former
5391:Eritrea in World War II
5166:Second Guangxi campaign
5021:Philippines (1944–1945)
4525:Battle of the Coral Sea
4428:Fall of the Philippines
4074:Battle of South Guangxi
3980:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
3379:Italian Social Republic
1844:; et al. (1959) .
1129:Worcestershire Regiment
994:South African Air Force
636:Generale d'Armata Aerea
4751:Armistice of Cassibile
4553:Battle of Dutch Harbor
4504:Battle of the Java Sea
4407:Attack on Pearl Harbor
4307:Syria–Lebanon campaign
4300:Battle of South Shanxi
4270:Invasion of Yugoslavia
4053:Battle of the Atlantic
3667:Korean Liberation Army
3373:(until September 1943)
3330:(until September 1944)
3308:(until September 1944)
1731:Boca, A. del (2014) .
1292:
1282:
1191:
1184:
1163:
1104:
1068:11:00 a.m. – 2:00 p.m.
1059:
959:
957:road improved and the
953:
874:
757:
722:
714:
701:
680:
674:
649:
635:
629:
623:
549:
209:Commanders and leaders
4915:Second Battle of Guam
4811:Bengal famine of 1943
4781:Second Battle of Kiev
4737:Battle of the Dnieper
4442:Battle of Wake Island
4314:East African campaign
4256:Battle of South Henan
3901:atrocities by Germans
3674:Korean Volunteer Army
2648:Occupation of Germany
2402:Music in World War II
1878:Raugh, H. E. (1993).
1159:
1100:
1055:
945:
813:Noel Beresford-Peirse
753:
699:
607:Amedeo, Duke of Aosta
541:East African Campaign
284:1,500–2,000 prisoners
277:Casualties and losses
253:2nd Colonial Division
223:Noel Beresford-Peirse
93:15.54861°N 37.88667°E
5201:Surrender of Germany
4679:Battle of West Hubei
4636:Guadalcanal campaign
4606:Battle of Stalingrad
4532:Battle of Madagascar
3299:Albania protectorate
3086:(formerly Swaziland)
2795:Wehrmacht war crimes
2611:Expulsion of Germans
2395:Art and World War II
2293:British contribution
2242:Governments in exile
1918:Stewart, A. (2016).
1032:6th Rajputana Rifles
837:Ultra (cryptography)
668:(SDF, Major-General
641:Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
320:class=notpageimage|
264:2 infantry divisions
5406:January 1941 events
5291:Potsdam Declaration
5180:Italy (Spring 1945)
4943:Liberation of Paris
4400:Siege of Sevastopol
3411:(until August 1944)
3314:Wang Jingwei regime
3136:from September 1943
3096:from September 1944
3034:from September 1944
2894:Romanian war crimes
2885:Persecution of Jews
2871:Croatian war crimes
2841:Japanese war crimes
2655:Occupation of Japan
2604:First Indochina War
2316:Military production
2228:Declarations of war
1980:Marino, F. (2009).
1712:, pp. 214–215.
1649:, pp. 399–401.
1632:, pp. 160–161.
1598:, pp. 406–407.
1533:, pp. 400–401.
1450:, pp. 399–400.
1418:, pp. 172–174.
1365:, pp. 170–171.
1286:(armoured vehicle)
1125:2nd Punjab Regiment
1024:1st Punjab Regiment
666:Sudan Defence Force
619:Italian East Africa
585:Eritrea Governorate
577:Italian East Africa
496:East Indies Station
470:Associated articles
267:Sudan Defence Force
247:5th Indian Division
245:4th Indian Division
200:Italian East Africa
89: /
72:Italian East Africa
68:Eritrea Governorate
5284:Surrender of Japan
5117:Battle of Iwo Jima
4966:Belgrade offensive
4379:Siege of Leningrad
4263:Battle of Shanggao
4192:British Somaliland
4157:Dunkirk evacuation
4108:Norwegian campaign
4046:Invasion of Poland
3873:Japanese prisoners
2834:Italian war crimes
2765:British war crimes
2680:Soviet occupations
2464:South-West Pacific
2351:Allied cooperation
2309:Military equipment
1842:Playfair, I. S. O.
1778:Mackenzie, Compton
1164:
1105:
1060:
954:
882:Italian retirement
758:
702:
249:(less one brigade)
98:15.54861; 37.88667
54:26–31 January 1941
5381:Conflicts in 1941
5358:
5357:
5316:
5315:
5159:Battle of Okinawa
5058:Burma (1944–1945)
4892:Mariana and Palau
4672:Tunisian campaign
4497:Fall of Singapore
4421:Fall of Hong Kong
4164:Battle of Britain
4017:Operation Himmler
3926:
3925:
3590:Dutch East Indies
3226:Southern Rhodesia
2978:
2977:
2878:Genocide of Serbs
2781:German war crimes
2758:Soviet war crimes
2751:Allied war crimes
2597:Division of Korea
2576:Chinese Civil War
2374:Strategic bombing
2286:Manhattan Project
2052:978-8-80450-691-1
1953:Gale & Polden
1929:978-0-300-20855-9
1889:978-0-08-040983-2
1833:978-8-80451-803-7
1769:978-0-11-630961-7
1746:978-88-520-5496-9
1557:, pp. 48–49.
1545:, pp. 47–48.
1467:, pp. 64–65.
1192:Regia Aeronautica
1185:Regia Aeronautica
900:Orlando Lorenzini
856:Regia Aeronautica
851:Regia Aeronautica
774:Greco-Italian War
770:Battle of Britain
686:Regia Aeronautica
650:Regia Aeronautica
565:Bren Gun Carriers
551:Regia Aeronautica
521:Battle of Agordat
514:
513:
501:East Africa Force
418:French Somaliland
353:
352:
232:Orlando Lorenzini
116:
115:
23:Battle of Agordat
5413:
5351:
5344:
5337:
5334:World portal
5332:
5331:
5307:
5300:
5293:
5286:
5277:
5270:
5263:
5254:
5247:
5240:
5233:
5226:
5219:
5210:
5203:
5196:
5194:Prague offensive
5189:
5187:Battle of Berlin
5182:
5175:
5168:
5161:
5154:
5147:
5140:
5133:
5131:Vienna offensive
5126:
5119:
5112:
5110:Battle of Manila
5105:
5085:
5076:
5067:
5060:
5051:
5044:
5037:
5030:
5023:
5016:
5009:
5000:
4991:
4984:
4975:
4968:
4961:
4954:
4945:
4938:
4931:
4924:
4917:
4910:
4903:
4894:
4887:
4878:
4869:
4860:
4853:
4851:Korsun–Cherkassy
4846:
4835:
4813:
4804:
4797:
4790:
4783:
4776:
4769:
4762:
4753:
4746:
4739:
4732:
4723:
4716:
4709:
4702:
4695:
4693:Bombing of Gorky
4688:
4681:
4674:
4654:
4647:
4638:
4631:
4624:
4615:
4608:
4601:
4594:
4583:
4576:
4569:
4562:
4560:Battle of Midway
4555:
4548:
4546:Battle of Gazala
4541:
4534:
4527:
4520:
4513:
4506:
4499:
4479:
4472:
4465:
4458:
4456:Battle of Borneo
4451:
4449:Malayan campaign
4444:
4437:
4430:
4423:
4416:
4409:
4402:
4395:
4393:Bombing of Gorky
4388:
4386:Battle of Moscow
4381:
4374:
4367:
4360:
4353:
4346:
4330:
4323:
4316:
4309:
4302:
4295:
4286:
4279:
4272:
4265:
4258:
4238:
4229:
4222:
4215:
4208:
4201:
4194:
4187:
4180:
4173:
4166:
4159:
4152:
4150:Battle of France
4145:
4138:
4131:
4124:
4117:
4110:
4090:
4083:
4076:
4069:
4062:
4055:
4048:
4026:
4019:
4012:
4005:
4003:Munich Agreement
3998:
3991:
3982:
3975:
3968:
3959:
3952:
3937:
3919:
3912:
3903:
3896:
3889:
3888:Soviet prisoners
3882:
3875:
3868:
3859:
3852:
3843:
3836:
3829:
3828:German prisoners
3824:
3804:
3795:
3788:
3781:
3776:
3769:
3762:
3755:
3748:
3741:
3734:
3727:
3720:
3713:
3706:
3699:
3692:
3685:
3676:
3669:
3662:
3655:
3648:
3641:
3634:
3627:
3620:
3613:
3606:
3599:
3592:
3585:
3578:
3571:
3564:
3557:
3550:
3530:
3523:
3516:
3509:
3502:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3440:
3433:
3426:
3419:
3412:
3404:
3397:
3390:
3381:
3374:
3366:
3359:
3357:French Indochina
3352:
3345:
3338:
3331:
3323:
3316:
3309:
3301:
3281:
3272:
3265:
3256:
3249:
3242:
3235:
3228:
3221:
3214:
3207:
3204:from August 1944
3195:
3188:
3181:
3174:
3167:
3160:
3153:
3146:
3139:
3127:
3120:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3087:
3079:
3072:
3065:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3037:
3025:
3018:
3011:
3004:
2989:
2969:
2962:
2955:
2948:
2941:
2930:
2915:
2908:
2901:
2896:
2887:
2880:
2873:
2864:
2857:
2850:
2848:Nanjing Massacre
2843:
2836:
2827:
2825:Nuremberg trials
2818:
2811:
2804:
2797:
2790:
2783:
2774:
2767:
2760:
2753:
2733:
2726:
2719:
2710:
2703:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2675:
2666:
2657:
2650:
2643:
2636:
2627:
2620:
2613:
2606:
2599:
2592:
2585:
2578:
2558:
2549:
2542:
2535:
2526:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2496:
2489:
2482:
2473:
2466:
2459:
2452:
2445:
2438:
2431:
2429:Asia and Pacific
2411:
2404:
2397:
2390:
2383:
2376:
2369:
2360:
2358:Mulberry harbour
2353:
2346:
2339:
2332:
2325:
2318:
2311:
2304:
2295:
2288:
2281:
2272:
2265:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2237:
2230:
2223:
2216:
2209:
2200:
2193:
2178:
2166:
2159:
2150:
2143:
2136:
2129:
2122:
2115:
2108:
2087:
2080:
2073:
2064:
2056:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1994:. Archived from
1976:
1974:
1972:
1967:on 27 March 2020
1963:. Archived from
1933:
1914:
1893:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1846:Butler, J. R. M.
1837:
1814:
1793:
1773:
1750:
1713:
1707:
1701:
1695:
1686:
1680:
1674:
1668:
1662:
1656:
1650:
1644:
1633:
1627:
1618:
1608:
1599:
1593:
1587:
1581:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1552:
1546:
1540:
1534:
1528:
1519:
1513:
1504:
1498:
1492:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1451:
1445:
1434:
1428:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1395:
1389:
1378:
1372:
1366:
1360:
1349:
1343:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1319:
1300:
1295:
1285:
1277:
1271:
1248:
1211:automatic rifles
1194:
1187:
1088:
1069:
983:
979:
962:
951:and his cavalry.
872:
725:
719:
691:
683:
677:
675:al-qa'id al-'amm
663:
652:
646:
638:
632:
626:
615:Governor-General
554:
545:Second World War
523:was fought near
491:Desert Air Force
486:Red Sea Flotilla
391:
389:
379:
372:
365:
356:
308:
307:
301:
215:Archibald Wavell
202:
198:
196:
195:
186:
182:
180:
179:
168:
164:
162:
161:
153:
149:
147:
146:
134:
132:
131:
104:
103:
101:
100:
99:
94:
90:
87:
86:
85:
82:
48:
47:
40:
20:
5421:
5420:
5416:
5415:
5414:
5412:
5411:
5410:
5386:1941 in Eritrea
5361:
5360:
5359:
5354:
5347:
5340:
5326:
5324:
5312:
5303:
5296:
5289:
5282:
5273:
5266:
5259:
5250:
5245:Atomic bombings
5243:
5236:
5229:
5222:
5215:
5206:
5199:
5192:
5185:
5178:
5171:
5164:
5157:
5150:
5143:
5136:
5129:
5122:
5115:
5108:
5101:
5088:
5081:
5070:
5063:
5056:
5047:
5040:
5033:
5026:
5019:
5012:
5003:
4994:
4987:
4978:
4971:
4964:
4957:
4948:
4941:
4936:Eastern Romania
4934:
4929:Warsaw Uprising
4927:
4922:Tannenberg Line
4920:
4913:
4908:Western Ukraine
4906:
4897:
4890:
4881:
4872:
4863:
4856:
4849:
4838:
4829:
4816:
4809:
4800:
4793:
4786:
4779:
4772:
4765:
4758:
4749:
4742:
4735:
4726:
4719:
4712:
4705:
4700:Battle of Kursk
4698:
4691:
4684:
4677:
4670:
4657:
4650:
4641:
4634:
4627:
4618:
4611:
4604:
4597:
4588:
4579:
4572:
4565:
4558:
4551:
4544:
4537:
4530:
4523:
4516:
4511:St Nazaire Raid
4509:
4502:
4495:
4482:
4475:
4468:
4461:
4454:
4447:
4440:
4433:
4426:
4419:
4412:
4405:
4398:
4391:
4384:
4377:
4370:
4363:
4356:
4349:
4335:
4326:
4319:
4312:
4305:
4298:
4293:Anglo-Iraqi War
4291:
4284:Battle of Crete
4282:
4275:
4268:
4261:
4254:
4241:
4232:
4225:
4218:
4213:Eastern Romania
4211:
4204:
4197:
4190:
4183:
4176:
4169:
4162:
4155:
4148:
4141:
4134:
4127:
4120:
4113:
4106:
4093:
4086:
4079:
4072:
4065:
4058:
4051:
4044:
4031:
4022:
4015:
4008:
4001:
3994:
3987:
3978:
3971:
3964:
3955:
3948:
3922:
3915:
3908:
3899:
3892:
3887:
3878:
3871:
3864:
3855:
3848:
3839:
3832:
3827:
3820:
3807:
3800:
3791:
3784:
3779:
3774:Western Ukraine
3772:
3765:
3758:
3751:
3744:
3737:
3730:
3723:
3718:Northeast China
3716:
3709:
3702:
3695:
3688:
3681:
3672:
3665:
3658:
3651:
3644:
3637:
3630:
3623:
3616:
3609:
3602:
3595:
3588:
3581:
3574:
3567:
3560:
3553:
3546:
3533:
3526:
3519:
3512:
3505:
3498:
3491:
3484:
3477:
3470:
3463:
3456:
3443:
3436:
3429:
3422:
3417:Slovak Republic
3415:
3407:
3400:
3393:
3388:Empire of Japan
3386:
3377:
3369:
3362:
3355:
3348:
3341:
3334:
3326:
3319:
3312:
3304:
3297:
3284:
3277:
3268:
3261:
3252:
3245:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3217:
3210:
3198:
3191:
3184:
3177:
3170:
3163:
3156:
3149:
3142:
3130:
3123:
3116:
3109:
3102:
3090:
3082:
3075:
3068:
3061:
3054:
3047:
3040:
3028:
3021:
3014:
3007:
3000:
2974:
2965:
2958:
2951:
2944:
2933:
2918:
2911:
2904:
2900:Sexual violence
2899:
2892:
2883:
2876:
2869:
2860:
2853:
2846:
2839:
2832:
2823:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2786:
2779:
2770:
2763:
2756:
2749:
2736:
2729:
2722:
2715:
2706:
2699:
2692:
2685:
2678:
2669:
2660:
2653:
2646:
2639:
2630:
2623:
2618:Greek Civil War
2616:
2609:
2602:
2595:
2588:
2581:
2574:
2561:
2554:
2545:
2538:
2531:
2522:
2515:
2508:
2501:
2492:
2485:
2478:
2469:
2462:
2455:
2448:
2443:South-East Asia
2441:
2434:
2427:
2414:
2407:
2400:
2393:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2365:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2302:Military awards
2300:
2291:
2284:
2277:
2268:
2261:
2254:
2247:
2240:
2233:
2226:
2219:
2212:
2205:
2196:
2189:
2169:
2162:
2155:
2146:
2139:
2132:
2127:
2118:
2111:
2104:
2096:
2091:
2060:
2053:
2036:
2027:
2025:
2010:
2001:
1999:
1998:on 3 March 2016
1979:
1970:
1968:
1944:
1941:
1939:Further reading
1936:
1930:
1917:
1896:
1890:
1877:
1868:
1866:
1840:
1834:
1817:
1796:
1776:
1770:
1753:
1747:
1730:
1721:
1716:
1708:
1704:
1696:
1689:
1681:
1677:
1669:
1665:
1657:
1653:
1645:
1636:
1628:
1621:
1613:, p. 400;
1609:
1602:
1594:
1590:
1582:
1573:
1565:
1561:
1553:
1549:
1541:
1537:
1529:
1522:
1514:
1507:
1499:
1495:
1487:
1483:
1475:
1471:
1463:
1454:
1446:
1437:
1429:
1422:
1414:
1410:
1402:
1398:
1390:
1381:
1373:
1369:
1361:
1352:
1344:
1340:
1332:
1328:
1320:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1303:
1278:
1274:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1223:
1202:
1162:
1154:
1149:
1103:
1095:
1087:1,000 prisoners
1086:
1067:
1064:Royal Fusiliers
1058:
1050:
1019:
1014:
981:
977:
952:
940:
884:
879:
873:
870:
839:
833:
823:(Major-General
811:(Major-General
800:
756:
755:Kassala in 1940
748:
689:
678:, known as the
661:
644:
604:
598:
593:
581:Battle of Keren
517:
516:
515:
510:
506:Order of battle
467:
392:
387:
385:
383:
349:
348:
347:
346:
345:
324:Agordat in the
322:
316:
315:
314:
313:
309:
287:
285:
272:6,000–7,000 men
265:
248:
246:
244:
230:
221:
217:
193:
191:
190:
177:
175:
174:
159:
157:
156:
144:
142:
141:
129:
127:
112:British victory
97:
95:
91:
88:
83:
80:
78:
76:
75:
74:
41:
12:
11:
5:
5419:
5417:
5409:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5363:
5362:
5356:
5355:
5353:
5352:
5345:
5338:
5321:
5318:
5317:
5314:
5313:
5311:
5310:
5309:
5308:
5301:
5294:
5280:
5279:
5278:
5264:
5261:South Sakhalin
5257:
5256:
5255:
5241:
5234:
5227:
5220:
5213:
5212:
5211:
5197:
5190:
5183:
5176:
5169:
5162:
5155:
5148:
5141:
5134:
5127:
5120:
5113:
5106:
5098:
5096:
5090:
5089:
5087:
5086:
5079:
5078:
5077:
5061:
5054:
5053:
5052:
5038:
5031:
5024:
5017:
5010:
5001:
4992:
4985:
4976:
4969:
4962:
4955:
4946:
4939:
4932:
4925:
4918:
4911:
4904:
4895:
4888:
4879:
4870:
4861:
4854:
4847:
4836:
4826:
4824:
4818:
4817:
4815:
4814:
4807:
4806:
4805:
4798:
4784:
4777:
4770:
4763:
4756:
4755:
4754:
4740:
4733:
4724:
4717:
4710:
4703:
4696:
4689:
4686:Battle of Attu
4682:
4675:
4667:
4665:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4655:
4648:
4639:
4632:
4625:
4616:
4609:
4602:
4595:
4586:
4585:
4584:
4577:
4563:
4556:
4549:
4542:
4535:
4528:
4521:
4514:
4507:
4500:
4492:
4490:
4484:
4483:
4481:
4480:
4473:
4466:
4459:
4452:
4445:
4438:
4435:Battle of Guam
4431:
4424:
4417:
4410:
4403:
4396:
4389:
4382:
4375:
4368:
4361:
4358:Battle of Kiev
4354:
4347:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4317:
4310:
4303:
4296:
4289:
4288:
4287:
4273:
4266:
4259:
4251:
4249:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4239:
4230:
4223:
4216:
4209:
4202:
4195:
4188:
4181:
4174:
4167:
4160:
4153:
4146:
4139:
4132:
4125:
4118:
4111:
4103:
4101:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4091:
4084:
4077:
4070:
4063:
4056:
4049:
4041:
4039:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4029:
4028:
4027:
4020:
4013:
4006:
3999:
3985:
3984:
3983:
3976:
3962:
3961:
3960:
3945:
3943:
3934:
3928:
3927:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3920:
3913:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3897:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3869:
3862:
3861:
3860:
3857:United Kingdom
3853:
3846:
3845:
3844:
3825:
3817:
3815:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3798:
3797:
3796:
3789:
3777:
3770:
3763:
3756:
3749:
3742:
3735:
3728:
3721:
3714:
3707:
3700:
3693:
3686:
3679:
3678:
3677:
3670:
3656:
3649:
3642:
3635:
3628:
3621:
3614:
3607:
3600:
3593:
3586:
3579:
3572:
3565:
3558:
3551:
3543:
3541:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3531:
3524:
3517:
3510:
3503:
3496:
3489:
3482:
3475:
3468:
3461:
3453:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3434:
3427:
3420:
3413:
3405:
3398:
3391:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3367:
3360:
3353:
3346:
3339:
3332:
3324:
3317:
3310:
3302:
3294:
3292:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3254:British Empire
3247:United Kingdom
3243:
3236:
3229:
3222:
3215:
3208:
3196:
3189:
3182:
3175:
3168:
3161:
3154:
3147:
3140:
3128:
3121:
3114:
3107:
3100:
3088:
3080:
3073:
3066:
3063:Czechoslovakia
3059:
3052:
3045:
3038:
3026:
3019:
3012:
3005:
2997:
2995:
2986:
2980:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2971:
2970:
2963:
2960:Rape of Manila
2956:
2949:
2942:
2931:
2916:
2909:
2897:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2881:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2837:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2812:
2798:
2791:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2768:
2761:
2746:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2731:United Nations
2727:
2720:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2704:
2697:
2690:
2676:
2667:
2658:
2651:
2644:
2637:
2628:
2621:
2614:
2607:
2600:
2593:
2590:Decolonization
2586:
2579:
2571:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2536:
2529:
2528:
2527:
2520:
2513:
2499:
2498:
2497:
2490:
2476:
2475:
2474:
2467:
2460:
2453:
2446:
2439:
2424:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2405:
2398:
2391:
2384:
2377:
2370:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2354:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2319:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2282:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2266:
2263:United Kingdom
2259:
2245:
2238:
2231:
2224:
2217:
2210:
2203:
2202:
2201:
2186:
2184:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2160:
2153:
2152:
2151:
2144:
2137:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2109:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2082:
2075:
2067:
2058:
2057:
2051:
2034:
2008:
1977:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1928:
1915:
1894:
1888:
1875:
1838:
1832:
1815:
1794:
1774:
1768:
1751:
1745:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1714:
1702:
1700:, p. 408.
1687:
1685:, p. 160.
1675:
1673:, p. 432.
1663:
1661:, p. 161.
1651:
1634:
1619:
1617:, p. 160.
1600:
1588:
1584:Mackenzie 1951
1571:
1569:, p. 406.
1559:
1555:Mackenzie 1951
1547:
1543:Mackenzie 1951
1535:
1520:
1516:Mackenzie 1951
1505:
1503:, p. 218.
1493:
1491:, p. 217.
1481:
1469:
1452:
1435:
1433:, p. 400.
1420:
1408:
1406:, p. 394.
1396:
1392:Mackenzie 1951
1379:
1367:
1350:
1338:
1336:, p. 134.
1326:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1272:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1222:
1219:
1201:
1198:
1160:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1101:
1094:
1091:
1056:
1049:
1046:
1041:pack artillery
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
978:22/23 January,
973:Infantry tanks
946:
939:
936:
926:cavalry charge
922:Amedeo Guillet
915:Frank Messervy
883:
880:
878:
875:
868:
860:Regia Esercito
847:Regio Esercito
835:Main article:
832:
829:
799:
796:
766:Western Desert
754:
747:
744:
706:Pietro Gazzera
600:Main article:
597:
594:
592:
589:
512:
511:
509:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
466:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
414:
413:
403:
397:
394:
393:
384:
382:
381:
374:
367:
359:
351:
350:
323:
318:
317:
311:
310:
303:
302:
296:
295:
294:
293:
290:
289:
282:
279:
278:
274:
273:
270:
261:
260:
256:
255:
250:
240:
239:
238:Units involved
235:
234:
225:
211:
210:
206:
205:
204:
203:
171:
170:
169:
154:
136:United Kingdom
123:
122:
118:
117:
114:
113:
110:
106:
105:
62:
60:
56:
55:
52:
44:
43:
33:
32:
25:
24:
18:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5418:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5368:
5366:
5350:
5346:
5343:
5339:
5336:
5335:
5330:
5323:
5322:
5319:
5306:
5302:
5299:
5295:
5292:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5281:
5276:
5272:
5271:
5269:
5268:Kuril Islands
5265:
5262:
5258:
5253:
5249:
5248:
5246:
5242:
5239:
5235:
5232:
5228:
5225:
5221:
5218:
5214:
5209:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5198:
5195:
5191:
5188:
5184:
5181:
5177:
5174:
5170:
5167:
5163:
5160:
5156:
5153:
5149:
5146:
5142:
5139:
5135:
5132:
5128:
5125:
5121:
5118:
5114:
5111:
5107:
5104:
5100:
5099:
5097:
5095:
5091:
5084:
5080:
5075:
5074:
5069:
5068:
5066:
5062:
5059:
5055:
5050:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5039:
5036:
5035:Syrmian Front
5032:
5029:
5025:
5022:
5018:
5015:
5011:
5008:
5007:
5002:
4999:
4998:
4993:
4990:
4986:
4983:
4982:
4981:Market Garden
4977:
4974:
4970:
4967:
4963:
4960:
4956:
4953:
4952:
4947:
4944:
4940:
4937:
4933:
4930:
4926:
4923:
4919:
4916:
4912:
4909:
4905:
4902:
4901:
4896:
4893:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4880:
4877:
4876:
4871:
4868:
4867:
4862:
4859:
4855:
4852:
4848:
4845:
4841:
4840:Monte Cassino
4837:
4834:
4833:
4828:
4827:
4825:
4823:
4819:
4812:
4808:
4803:
4799:
4796:
4792:
4791:
4789:
4785:
4782:
4778:
4775:
4771:
4768:
4764:
4761:
4757:
4752:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4741:
4738:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4725:
4722:
4718:
4715:
4711:
4708:
4704:
4701:
4697:
4694:
4690:
4687:
4683:
4680:
4676:
4673:
4669:
4668:
4666:
4664:
4660:
4653:
4649:
4646:
4645:
4640:
4637:
4633:
4630:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4617:
4614:
4610:
4607:
4603:
4600:
4596:
4593:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4578:
4575:
4571:
4570:
4568:
4564:
4561:
4557:
4554:
4550:
4547:
4543:
4540:
4536:
4533:
4529:
4526:
4522:
4519:
4515:
4512:
4508:
4505:
4501:
4498:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4489:
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4478:
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4471:
4467:
4464:
4460:
4457:
4453:
4450:
4446:
4443:
4439:
4436:
4432:
4429:
4425:
4422:
4418:
4415:
4411:
4408:
4404:
4401:
4397:
4394:
4390:
4387:
4383:
4380:
4376:
4373:
4369:
4366:
4362:
4359:
4355:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4343:
4338:
4334:
4329:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4318:
4315:
4311:
4308:
4304:
4301:
4297:
4294:
4290:
4285:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4274:
4271:
4267:
4264:
4260:
4257:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4248:
4244:
4237:
4236:
4231:
4228:
4224:
4221:
4217:
4214:
4210:
4207:
4206:Baltic states
4203:
4200:
4196:
4193:
4189:
4186:
4182:
4179:
4175:
4172:
4168:
4165:
4161:
4158:
4154:
4151:
4147:
4144:
4140:
4137:
4133:
4130:
4126:
4123:
4119:
4116:
4112:
4109:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4100:
4096:
4089:
4085:
4082:
4078:
4075:
4071:
4068:
4064:
4061:
4057:
4054:
4050:
4047:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4038:
4034:
4025:
4021:
4018:
4014:
4011:
4007:
4004:
4000:
3997:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3986:
3981:
3977:
3974:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3958:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3942:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3929:
3918:
3914:
3911:
3907:
3902:
3898:
3895:
3891:
3890:
3886:
3881:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3870:
3867:
3863:
3858:
3854:
3851:
3850:United States
3847:
3842:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3831:
3830:
3826:
3823:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3814:
3810:
3803:
3799:
3794:
3790:
3787:
3786:Quốc dân Đảng
3783:
3782:
3778:
3775:
3771:
3768:
3764:
3761:
3757:
3754:
3750:
3747:
3743:
3740:
3736:
3733:
3729:
3726:
3722:
3719:
3715:
3712:
3708:
3705:
3701:
3698:
3694:
3691:
3687:
3684:
3680:
3675:
3671:
3668:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3657:
3654:
3650:
3647:
3643:
3640:
3636:
3633:
3629:
3626:
3622:
3619:
3615:
3612:
3608:
3605:
3601:
3598:
3594:
3591:
3587:
3584:
3580:
3577:
3573:
3570:
3566:
3563:
3559:
3556:
3552:
3549:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3536:
3529:
3525:
3522:
3518:
3515:
3511:
3508:
3504:
3501:
3497:
3494:
3490:
3487:
3486:Liechtenstein
3483:
3480:
3476:
3473:
3469:
3466:
3462:
3459:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3439:
3438:Collaboration
3435:
3432:
3428:
3425:
3421:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3403:
3399:
3396:
3392:
3389:
3385:
3380:
3376:
3375:
3372:
3368:
3365:
3361:
3358:
3354:
3351:
3347:
3344:
3340:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3322:
3318:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3300:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3287:
3280:
3276:
3271:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3263:United States
3260:
3255:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3241:
3237:
3234:
3230:
3227:
3223:
3220:
3216:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3194:
3190:
3187:
3183:
3180:
3176:
3173:
3169:
3166:
3162:
3159:
3155:
3152:
3148:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3126:
3122:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3108:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3078:
3074:
3071:
3067:
3064:
3060:
3057:
3053:
3050:
3046:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3013:
3010:
3006:
3003:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2968:
2964:
2961:
2957:
2954:
2953:Comfort women
2950:
2947:
2943:
2940:
2937: /
2936:
2932:
2929:
2926: /
2925:
2922: /
2921:
2917:
2914:
2913:Camp brothels
2910:
2907:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2895:
2891:
2886:
2882:
2879:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2863:
2859:
2856:
2852:
2849:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2838:
2835:
2831:
2826:
2822:
2817:
2813:
2810:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2802:The Holocaust
2799:
2796:
2792:
2789:
2788:forced labour
2785:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2773:
2769:
2766:
2762:
2759:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2739:
2732:
2728:
2725:
2721:
2718:
2714:
2709:
2705:
2702:
2698:
2695:
2691:
2688:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2659:
2656:
2652:
2649:
2645:
2642:
2641:Marshall Plan
2638:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2626:
2622:
2619:
2615:
2612:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2598:
2594:
2591:
2587:
2584:
2580:
2577:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2557:
2553:
2548:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2534:
2530:
2525:
2521:
2518:
2514:
2511:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2495:
2494:Eastern Front
2491:
2488:
2487:Western Front
2484:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2472:
2468:
2465:
2461:
2458:
2454:
2451:
2447:
2444:
2440:
2437:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2410:
2406:
2403:
2399:
2396:
2392:
2389:
2385:
2382:
2381:Puppet states
2378:
2375:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2359:
2355:
2352:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2338:
2334:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2323:Naval history
2320:
2317:
2313:
2310:
2306:
2303:
2299:
2294:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2280:
2276:
2271:
2270:United States
2267:
2264:
2260:
2257:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2243:
2239:
2236:
2232:
2229:
2225:
2222:
2218:
2215:
2211:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2176:
2172:
2165:
2161:
2158:
2154:
2149:
2145:
2142:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2099:
2095:
2088:
2083:
2081:
2076:
2074:
2069:
2068:
2065:
2061:
2054:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2035:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2015:
2009:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1978:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1951:. Aldershot:
1950:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1931:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1895:
1891:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1752:
1748:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1718:
1711:
1706:
1703:
1699:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1671:Playfair 1959
1667:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1652:
1648:
1647:Playfair 1959
1643:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1611:Playfair 1959
1607:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1589:
1586:, p. 49.
1585:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1563:
1560:
1556:
1551:
1548:
1544:
1539:
1536:
1532:
1531:Playfair 1959
1527:
1525:
1521:
1518:, p. 48.
1517:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1497:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1448:Playfair 1959
1444:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1431:Playfair 1959
1427:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1404:Playfair 1959
1400:
1397:
1394:, p. 42.
1393:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1363:Playfair 1959
1359:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1348:, p. 60.
1347:
1342:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1327:
1324:, p. 72.
1323:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1306:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1247:
1244:
1237:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1170:
1158:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1138:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1099:
1092:
1090:
1084:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1065:
1054:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1017:28–30 January
1016:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
976:the night of
974:
968:
966:
961:
960:Via Imperiale
950:
944:
937:
935:
932:
931:Matilda tanks
927:
923:
918:
916:
913:
909:
908:Gazelle Force
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
881:
876:
867:
863:
861:
857:
852:
848:
844:
838:
830:
828:
826:
822:
816:
814:
810:
805:
798:British plans
797:
795:
792:
786:
783:
779:
778:Ugo Cavallero
775:
771:
767:
763:
762:Mediterranean
752:
746:Italian plans
745:
743:
740:
736:
731:
729:
724:
718:
717:
711:
707:
698:
694:
687:
682:
676:
671:
670:William Platt
667:
658:
656:
651:
642:
637:
631:
625:
620:
616:
612:
608:
603:
595:
590:
588:
586:
582:
578:
572:
570:
566:
562:
556:
553:
552:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
473:
472:
471:
464:
463:Guerrilla war
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
412:
409:
408:
407:
404:
402:
399:
398:
395:
390:
380:
375:
373:
368:
366:
361:
360:
357:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
321:
300:
291:
283:
281:
280:
275:
271:
268:
263:
262:
257:
254:
251:
243:Gazelle Force
242:
241:
236:
233:
229:
228:Duke of Aosta
226:
224:
220:
219:William Platt
216:
213:
212:
207:
201:
189:
188:
187:
185:
172:
167:
155:
152:
140:
139:
138:
137:
125:
124:
119:
111:
108:
107:
102:
73:
69:
65:
61:
58:
57:
53:
50:
49:
45:
39:
34:
31:
26:
21:
16:
5342:Bibliography
5325:
5138:Project Hula
5103:Vistula–Oder
5072:
5005:
4996:
4980:
4950:
4899:
4883:
4874:
4865:
4831:
4728:
4643:
4619:
4589:
4340:
4233:
4178:North Africa
3880:Soviet Union
3834:Soviet Union
3760:Soviet Union
3528:Vatican City
3431:Vichy France
3336:German Reich
3233:Soviet Union
3219:South Africa
3212:Sierra Leone
3165:Newfoundland
2984:Participants
2967:Marocchinate
2671:
2662:
2632:
2510:North Africa
2471:Indian Ocean
2330:Nazi plunder
2221:Cryptography
2094:World War II
2059:
2042:
2038:
2026:. Retrieved
2013:
2000:. Retrieved
1996:the original
1982:
1969:. Retrieved
1965:the original
1947:
1919:
1902:
1898:
1879:
1867:. Retrieved
1850:
1823:
1819:
1802:
1798:
1781:
1755:
1736:
1732:
1724:
1723:
1710:Rovighi 1988
1705:
1683:Stewart 2016
1678:
1666:
1659:Stewart 2016
1654:
1630:Stewart 2016
1615:Stewart 2016
1591:
1562:
1550:
1538:
1501:Petacco 2003
1496:
1489:Petacco 2003
1484:
1472:
1465:Hinsley 1994
1411:
1399:
1375:Stewart 2016
1370:
1346:Stewart 2016
1341:
1329:
1275:
1267:
1262:
1252:
1246:
1207:machine guns
1203:
1178:laid in the
1173:
1165:
1141:
1134:
1122:
1106:
1079:
1061:
1020:
969:
955:
919:
885:
865:
859:
855:
850:
846:
840:
817:
801:
787:
759:
732:
703:
685:
659:
605:
573:
557:
520:
518:
476:Gideon Force
469:
468:
427:
173:
126:
121:Belligerents
28:Part of The
15:
5073:Bodenplatte
4959:Gothic Line
4185:West Africa
3732:Philippines
3711:Netherlands
3576:Czech lands
3514:Switzerland
3458:Afghanistan
3402:Philippines
3270:Puerto Rico
3186:Philippines
3172:New Zealand
3158:Netherlands
3111:Free France
2862:Prosecution
2663:Osoaviakhim
2533:West Africa
2517:East Africa
2164:Conferences
1297:Fiat M11/39
1169:Barka River
1120:(6th FFR).
825:Lewis Heath
772:and in the
569:Fiat M11/39
423:Convoy BN 7
96: /
5365:Categories
5173:West Hunan
5006:Pointblank
4342:Silver Fox
4328:Summer War
4081:Winter War
4060:Phoney War
3841:Azerbaijan
3802:Yugoslavia
3697:Luxembourg
3539:Resistance
3279:Yugoslavia
3144:Luxembourg
2946:Sook Ching
2742:War crimes
2344:Technology
2337:Opposition
2279:Lend-Lease
2256:Australian
2249:Home front
2207:Blitzkrieg
2157:Casualties
2148:Commanders
2120:Operations
1719:References
1477:Raugh 1993
1416:Raugh 1993
1322:Raugh 1993
1200:Casualties
1176:Land mines
1048:31 January
804:Gash river
776:. General
690:1:00 p.m.,
591:Background
563:tanks and
453:Culqualber
448:Amba Alagi
338:Gash-Barka
326:Gash-Barka
269:(elements)
84:37°53′12″E
81:15°32′55″N
5238:Manchuria
5124:Indochina
4900:Bagration
4351:Lithuania
3996:Anschluss
3793:Viet Minh
3690:Lithuania
3632:Hong Kong
3395:Manchukuo
3350:Azad Hind
3009:Australia
2809:Aftermath
2672:Paperclip
2567:Aftermath
2367:Total war
2235:Diplomacy
2198:In Europe
2023:480344871
1992:832080928
1911:848471066
1864:494123451
1811:716194871
1698:Boca 2014
1596:Boca 2014
1567:Boca 2014
1307:Footnotes
1261:HMS
1180:river bed
1147:Aftermath
1075:tankettes
998:Hurricane
871:DDMI (ME)
735:Arbegnoch
653:and some
645:6,500 men
535:army and
481:Arbegnoch
411:Tug Argan
5349:Category
5298:document
5208:document
5065:Ardennes
5049:Budapest
4997:Crossbow
4875:Overlord
4714:Smolensk
3932:Timeline
3767:Slovakia
3753:Thailand
3604:Ethiopia
3569:Bulgaria
3493:Portugal
3424:Thailand
3306:Bulgaria
3084:Eswatini
3077:Ethiopia
3030:Bulgaria
2855:Unit 731
2816:Response
2633:Keelhaul
2583:Cold War
2556:Americas
2547:timeline
2540:Atlantic
2420:Theaters
1790:59637091
1780:(1951).
1221:See also
1215:vehicles
1152:Analysis
892:Ethiopia
869:—
789:Kassala–
710:Gallabat
328:region,
286:14 tanks
259:Strength
59:Location
5275:Shumshu
5042:Hungary
4989:Estonia
4973:Lapland
4951:Dragoon
4884:Neptune
4866:Ichi-Go
4832:Tempest
4774:Changde
4729:Cottage
4621:Jubilee
4337:Finland
4235:Compass
3941:Prelude
3894:Finland
3780:Vietnam
3746:Romania
3618:Germany
3597:Estonia
3583:Denmark
3562:Belgium
3555:Austria
3548:Albania
3479:Ireland
3465:Andorra
3449:Neutral
3409:Romania
3343:Hungary
3328:Finland
3200:Romania
3092:Finland
3070:Denmark
3016:Belgium
3002:Algeria
2708:Romania
2694:Hungary
2450:Pacific
2174:General
2128:Leaders
2113:Battles
2106:Outline
1961:4275700
1848:(ed.).
1263:Grimsby
1114:Haykota
1093:Barentu
1072:Fiat L3
996:(SAAF)
982:800 men
965:Barentu
938:Agordat
912:Colonel
896:Eritrea
888:Kassala
877:Prelude
791:Agordat
664:of the
662:500 men
655:cavalry
611:Viceroy
561:Matilda
543:of the
533:Italian
529:Eritrea
525:Agordat
428:Agordat
330:Eritrea
312:Agordat
288:43 guns
64:Agordat
5252:Debate
5224:Taipei
5217:Borneo
4795:Tarawa
3989:Europe
3950:Africa
3739:Poland
3725:Norway
3704:Malaya
3683:Latvia
3625:Greece
3611:France
3507:Sweden
3472:Bhutan
3193:Poland
3179:Norway
3151:Mexico
3118:Greece
3104:France
3042:Canada
3023:Brazil
2993:Allies
2939:Serbia
2928:Poland
2701:Poland
2687:Baltic
2480:Europe
2182:Topics
2134:Allied
2049:
2028:28 May
2021:
2002:28 May
1990:
1971:28 May
1959:
1926:
1909:
1886:
1869:28 May
1862:
1830:
1809:
1788:
1766:
1743:
1290:and 9
1268:Umbria
1253:Umbria
1209:, 329
1012:Battle
1002:Asmara
904:Gondar
768:, the
764:, the
728:Kurmuk
458:Gondar
342:Anseba
197:
181:
163:
148:
133:
109:Result
5028:Leyte
4858:Narva
4844:Anzio
4802:Makin
4760:Burma
4644:Torch
4613:Rzhev
4574:Kiska
3660:Korea
3646:Japan
3639:Italy
3521:Tibet
3500:Spain
3371:Italy
3132:Italy
3125:India
3049:China
2924:Japan
2524:Italy
2436:China
2388:Women
2041:[
1901:[
1822:[
1801:[
1735:[
1725:Books
1293:carri
1288:L3/33
1283:carri
1258:sloop
1238:Notes
1083:Keren
949:Spahi
831:Ultra
782:Staff
723:banda
716:banda
438:Keren
401:Sudan
334:Barka
184:Italy
166:Sudan
151:India
5094:1945
4822:1944
4663:1943
4591:Blue
4581:Attu
4488:1942
4247:1941
4099:1940
4037:1939
3966:Asia
3813:POWs
3653:Jews
3364:Iraq
3290:Axis
3240:Tuva
3056:Cuba
2141:Axis
2047:ISBN
2030:2018
2019:OCLC
2004:2018
1988:OCLC
1973:2018
1957:OCLC
1924:ISBN
1907:OCLC
1884:ISBN
1871:2018
1860:OCLC
1856:HMSO
1828:ISBN
1807:OCLC
1786:OCLC
1764:ISBN
1760:HMSO
1741:ISBN
1135:The
1006:Gura
1004:and
988:and
894:and
858:and
849:and
681:Kaid
672:the
613:and
609:the
519:The
443:Saïo
340:and
51:Date
1251:SS
929:of
617:of
527:in
5367::
4842:/
1955:.
1858:.
1762:.
1690:^
1637:^
1622:^
1603:^
1574:^
1523:^
1508:^
1455:^
1438:^
1423:^
1382:^
1353:^
1314:^
587:.
70:,
66:,
4345:)
4339:(
3206:)
3202:(
3138:)
3134:(
3098:)
3094:(
3036:)
3032:(
2086:e
2079:t
2072:v
2055:.
2032:.
2006:.
1975:.
1932:.
1913:.
1892:.
1873:.
1836:.
1813:.
1792:.
1772:.
1749:.
1299:.
910:(
621:(
378:e
371:t
364:v
344:.
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