335:
about the right time for Cnut's conquest. Little remains of the earlier structures, which were largely obliterated by the construction of the current church of All Saints during the late 13th to early 15th centuries. A possible site for Cnut's church is St
Botolph's Church in Hadstock, known to date from the early 11th century, still largely extant, and much closer to an alternative battle site.
167:
1858:
313:
would be controlled by Cnut and when one of the kings should die the other would take all of
England, that king's son being the heir to the throne. After Edmund's death on 30 November, Cnut became the king of all of England. On 18 October 1032, a church at Assandun was consecrated to commemorate the
250:
On 18 October, as the Danes returned to their ships, the two forces finally engaged with each other at a place called
Assandun, the exact location being disputed. Edmund formed his men into three lines and fought amongst the front lines to encourage his men, while Cnut, more of a strategist than a
275:
Seeing a good chunk of his army leave the field, Edmund was undeterred. He told his warriors that they were better off without the craven men who deserted them, and he advanced into the midst of the enemy, cutting down the Danes on all sides. Eadric
Streona had previously defected to Cnut when he
334:
in the 1860s discovered a large number of skeletal remains. Historians have argued inconclusively over the different sites for years. Ashdon's 10th-century wooden village church, itself possibly built on the site of a pre-Christian temple, was probably rebuilt in stone in the early 11th century,
241:
at
Southampton declared Cnut as king. During the autumn of 1016, King Edmund raised an army consisting of West-Saxon troops as well as men from Southern England to defeat a Danish force led by King Cnut that had sailed across the Thames into Essex.
273:"And according to some, it was afterwards evident that he did this not out of fear but in guile ; and what many assert is that he had promised this secretly to the Danes in return for some favour."
237:
died from an illness that he had been suffering from since the previous year. Two opposing assemblies gathered to name his successor; an assembly of London citizens declared Edmund king and the larger
728:
1599:
547:
Who Is
History's Worst Political Adviser? Four historians consider the harm caused by those who should have helped their political masters. (2020). History Today, 70(7), 8–10.
721:
1579:
714:
3324:
465:
2505:
3391:
2049:
3289:
3284:
3143:
2883:
2653:
1937:
646:
1985:
737:
41:
672:
2460:
1942:
3401:
3396:
3329:
2069:
1642:
620:
834:
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859:
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263:, left the battle allowing the Scandinavians to break through the English lines and win a decisive victory. The version in the
3073:
2853:
269:“Let us flee and snatch our lives from imminent death, or else we will fall forthwith, for I know the hardihood of the Danes”.
2475:
190:
698:
2678:
3360:
3314:
3199:
2490:
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2044:
1379:
222:
2738:
2500:
3179:
3174:
1535:
791:
2260:
3169:
2673:
2365:
1837:
1559:
326:. There have been many finds of Roman and Anglo-Saxon coins in the area and the construction of the Saffron Walden to
3013:
2768:
2445:
2285:
3411:
2545:
2515:
2400:
2140:
1388:
1358:
1103:
3355:
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3018:
2390:
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1418:
979:
291:, was killed by Cnut's men whilst in the act of saying mass on behalf of Edmund Ironside's men. According to the
3406:
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2385:
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2100:
1712:
1292:
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853:
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2250:
1181:
1097:
776:
362:
234:
132:
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1995:
1501:
764:
697:
Drake, K. (29 June 2016). IN PICTURES: Celebration marks 1,000 years since the Battle of
Assandun. Echo .
331:
309:
Following his defeat, Edmund was forced to sign a treaty with Cnut. By this treaty, all of
England except
186:
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2015:
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1947:
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In 2016, the one thousandth anniversary of the battle was celebrated in
Ashingdon with a re-enactment.
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he came back to the
English. However, this was a trick, as he again betrayed the English at Assandun.
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770:
676:
473:
345:
297:, Eadnoth's hand was first cut off for a ring, and then his body cut to pieces. The ealdorman
128:
322:
There is another possible location of the battle; Ashdon, also in Essex, or closer to nearby
3299:
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1980:
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https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A529269784/STND?u=wikipedia&sid=ebsco&xid=57254c4b
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3350:
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124:
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706:
17:
809:
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2575:
2560:
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1751:
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1670:
1489:
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918:
166:
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at a place called Ashington, north of the Danes' Woods. In the words of Ottar:
2668:
2633:
1827:
1822:
1737:
1109:
892:
477:
3113:
2988:
2958:
2743:
2525:
1857:
1847:
1767:
1722:
1690:
1589:
597:
580:
256:
206:
170:
581:"The Cult of St Edmund, King and Martyr, and the Medieval Kings of England"
500:"Mercenaries, warlords and kings 1009-1018: The Danish conquest of England"
2898:
2858:
2590:
2565:
2037:
1959:
1879:
1817:
1812:
1742:
1732:
1727:
1675:
1032:
323:
210:
193:
armies on 18 October 1016. There is disagreement whether Assandun may be
673:"Knut's Invasion of England in 1015-16, according to the Knytlinga Saga"
515:
499:
2913:
2838:
2813:
2783:
2778:
2663:
1990:
1952:
1842:
1807:
1695:
1665:
1651:
1446:
1332:
1248:
1231:
1187:
1044:
1038:
923:
327:
267:
says that Eadric urged his men to flee before the battle began, saying
3128:
2848:
2658:
2555:
2535:
2027:
2020:
2000:
1802:
1495:
1477:
1225:
1219:
815:
310:
277:
271:
However it also infers that this statement is a deception by Eadric:
260:
194:
1680:
361:
King Knut fought the third battle, a major one, against the sons of
213:
in south-east Essex. It ended in victory for the Danes, led by King
3008:
2998:
2953:
1874:
1787:
1717:
238:
202:
165:
65:
3133:
2703:
2540:
1782:
1026:
898:
450:
214:
1624:
710:
64:
Unknown; various locations possible, but probably somewhere in
251:
warrior, did not fight amongst his ranks. During the battle,
276:
landed in England but after Cnut's defeat at the Battle of
1620:
647:"In Search of the Battle of Assandun – Magnitude Surveys"
443:
Smith, Ernest F. (7 April 2024). Fairbairn, W. H. (ed.).
330:
branch line through the 'Red Field' between Hadstock and
1600:
Nordic and Scandinavian diaspora in the United Kingdom
3343:
3152:
2626:
2514:
2078:
1973:
1903:
1865:
1658:
1552:
1522:
1467:
1439:
1432:
1402:
1378:
1331:
1324:
1247:
1132:
1125:
1078:
1071:
1007:
880:
873:
827:
751:
744:
449:. Notes on Famous Churches and Abbeys. . London:
409:King Cnut and the Viking Conquest of England 1016
217:, who triumphed over an English army led by King
27:Battle between Danish and English armies in 1016
359:
34:
1636:
722:
8:
621:"All Saints Church, Ashdon, Essex – History"
1643:
1629:
1621:
1436:
1328:
1244:
1129:
1075:
877:
748:
729:
715:
707:
31:
1580:List of English words of Old Norse origin
596:
314:battle and those who had died during it.
435:
173:hill, possible location of the battle
7:
2506:Cnut the Great's invasion of England
543:
541:
2461:Viking raid on Galicia and Asturias
343:The battle is mentioned briefly in
221:. The battle was the conclusion to
3325:Västergötland Runic Inscription 40
3290:Södermanland Runic Inscription 333
3285:Södermanland Runic Inscription 174
2654:Aud the Deep-Minded (KetilsdĂłttir)
25:
283:During the course of the battle,
205:, England, or, as long supposed,
1856:
860:Wulfhere, Ealdorman of Wiltshire
850:, Lady of the Mercians (911–918)
738:Viking activity in Great Britain
675:. De Re Militari. Archived from
372:in the shield-war, warrior-king;
419:The History of Rochford Hundred
42:the Viking Invasions of England
2476:Sack of Santiago de Compostela
835:Æthelred, Lord of the Mercians
579:Webster, Paul (October 2020).
1:
3392:Battles involving the Vikings
3361:Viking Ship Museum (Roskilde)
3315:Uppland Runic Inscription 158
2491:Siege of Constantinople (860)
1560:"Battle of Brunanburh" (poem)
1539:
1505:
1054:
957:
838:
464:Roberts, Steve (March 2022).
375:brown was the flesh of bodies
369:At Ashington, you worked well
357:, one of Cnut's court poets.
3280:SmĂĄland Runic Inscription 48
3180:Danish Runic Inscription 380
3175:Danish Runic Inscription 154
1536:Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum
556:Fairweather, Janet, trans.,
3170:Danish Runic Inscription 66
2674:Birka female Viking warrior
2366:Battle of Saucourt-en-Vimeu
3428:
3200:Gunnar's bridge runestones
2546:Viking Age arms and armour
2401:Battle of Strangford Lough
2141:Battle of Brentford (1016)
560:(Woodbridge, 2005), p. 169
390:north of the Danes' Woods.
381:in the slaughter, you won,
223:Cnut's invasion of England
3402:Battles involving England
3397:Battles involving Denmark
3356:Viking Ship Museum (Oslo)
3330:Västra Nöbbelöv Runestone
3019:Sigvaldi Strut-Haraldsson
2854:Hrafna-FlĂłki VilgerĂ°arson
2391:Battle of Stamford Bridge
1854:
1325:Second invasion: 980–1012
980:Ecgberht I of Northumbria
378:served to the blood-bird:
301:also died in the battle.
151:
138:
101:
84:
47:
39:
2864:Ingvar the Far-Travelled
2769:Gudrid ThorbjarnardĂłttir
2603:Raid Warfare and Tactics
2446:Battle of Trans-la-ForĂŞt
2416:Battle of Tara (Ireland)
2386:Battle of Stamford (918)
2381:Battle of Stamford (894)
2286:Battle of LĂĽneburg Heath
2101:Battle of Anglesey Sound
854:Odda, Ealdorman of Devon
773:of East Anglia (855–869)
498:Gilbert, Joshua (2012).
407:Bartlett, W. B. (2018).
349:which quotes a verse of
3387:Battles involving Essex
3084:Thorfinn Torf-Einarsson
3029:Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye
2759:Godfrid, Duke of Frisia
2486:Siege of Chartres (911)
2336:Battle of Reading (871)
2291:Battle of Lyrskov Heath
2281:Battle of London Bridge
2251:Battle of Hingston Down
1188:Sea Battle near Swanage
1098:Battle of Hingston Down
598:10.1111/1468-229X.13029
416:Benton, Philip (1867).
387:enough of a name there,
233:On 23 April 1016, King
3240:Norra Härene Runestone
3165:Baltic area runestones
2679:Bjørn (floruit 856–58)
2466:Raids in the Rhineland
2276:Battle of Leuven (891)
2266:Battle of Islandbridge
2261:Battle of Hjörungavágr
2161:Battle of Cathair Cuan
1126:First invasion 865–896
411:. Amberley Publishing.
395:
265:Encomium Emmae Reginae
174:
102:Commanders and leaders
3210:Hakon Jarl runestones
3109:Tryggvi the Pretender
3014:Snæfrithr Svásadottir
2949:Ohthere of HĂĄlogaland
2894:Ketil Trout (Iceland)
2714:Eohric of East Anglia
2613:Svinfylking Formation
2421:Battle of Tarbat Ness
2231:Battle of Fýrisvellir
2096:First Battle of Alton
1079:Viking raids: 793–850
998:Eohric of East Anglia
992:Ceolwulf II of Mercia
779:(978–1013, 1014–1016)
466:"The House of Wessex"
384:sire, with your sword
185:) was fought between
169:
152:Casualties and losses
3320:Varangian runestones
3235:Lingsberg Runestones
3215:Hällestad Runestones
3099:Thorolf Kveldulfsson
3059:Styrbjörn the Strong
2994:Rognvald Eysteinsson
2974:Ragnhild Eriksdotter
2739:FreydĂs EirĂksdĂłttir
2709:Egill SkallagrĂmsson
2456:Burning of Luimneach
2431:Battle of Tettenhall
2396:Battle of Stiklestad
2331:Battle of Rastarkalv
2241:Battle of Hafrsfjord
2206:Battle of Englefield
2166:Battle of Chippenham
2156:Battle of Buttington
2151:Battle of Brunanburh
2146:Battle of Brissarthe
1232:Battle of Fearnhamme
1194:Battle of Chippenham
1158:Battle of Englefield
777:Æthelred the Unready
679:on 26 September 2011
470:Family Tree Magazine
318:Battlefield location
289:Dorchester on Thames
235:Æthelred the Unready
3265:Sigtrygg Runestones
3255:Runestones of Högby
3160:Ballstorp Runestone
3144:Unn the Deep-Minded
3079:Thorfinn the Mighty
3074:Ăžorbjörg LĂtilvölva
3054:Steinunn RefsdĂłttir
2844:Hemming Halfdansson
2699:Bjorn the Easterner
2426:Battle of Tempsford
2376:Battle of Stainmore
2356:Battle of Rochester
2296:Battle of Mag Femen
2256:Battle of the Holme
2181:Battle of Corbridge
2136:Battle of Brávellir
2086:Tactics and warfare
1890:Viking ship replica
1150:Siege of Nottingham
1104:Battle of Rochester
765:Ælla of Northumbria
285:Eadnoth the Younger
18:Battle of Ashingdon
3295:Sparlösa Runestone
3250:Runestones at Aspa
3245:Orkesta Runestones
3190:England runestones
2809:Halfdan Ragnarsson
2789:Hakon Rognvaldsson
2774:Gunnar Hámundarson
2754:Godfrid Haraldsson
2689:Bjarni HerjĂłlfsson
2639:AmlaĂb Cenncairech
2627:Historical figures
2531:Great Heathen Army
2519:and fortifications
2436:Battle of Thetford
2361:Battle of Sasireti
2351:Battle of Ringmere
2236:Battle of Glenmama
2211:Battle of Epiphany
2201:Battle of Edington
2171:Battle of Clontarf
2131:Battle of Benfleet
2111:Battle of Assandun
1948:L'Anse aux Meadows
1773:Old Norse religion
1610:Vale of York Hoard
1570:England runestones
1440:Viking settlements
1238:Battle of Benfleet
1214:Battle of Edington
1134:Great Heathen Army
1021:Halfdan Ragnarsson
932:(947–948, 952–954)
299:Ulfcytel Snillingr
179:Battle of Assandun
175:
112:Ulfcytel Snillingr
96:Kingdom of Denmark
91:Kingdom of England
35:Battle of Assandun
3412:Conflicts in 1016
3369:
3368:
3335:Viking runestones
3270:Simris Runestones
3260:Sædinge Runestone
3230:Karlevi Runestone
3220:Ingvar runestones
3195:Greece runestones
3104:Thorstein the Red
3089:Thorkell the Tall
2969:Ragnar Ragnarsson
2874:Ivar the Boneless
2799:Haakon Sigurdsson
2749:GarĂ°ar Svavarsson
2734:EirĂkr Hákonarson
2729:Eric I of Denmark
2684:Bjorn Asbrandsson
2571:Gjermundbu helmet
2441:Battle of Thimeon
2411:Battle of Sulcoit
2406:Battle of Svolder
2371:Battle of Skyhill
2341:Battle of Renfrew
2321:Battle of Norditi
2306:Battle of Meretun
2226:Battle of Fulford
2221:Battle of FlorvĂĄg
2106:Battle of Ashdown
1833:Viking runestones
1618:
1617:
1530:Treaty of Wedmore
1518:
1517:
1428:
1427:
1404:Harald's invasion
1374:
1373:
1320:
1319:
1209:
1208:
1182:Battle of Reading
1170:Battle of Meretun
1164:Battle of Ashdown
1067:
1066:
1051:Thorkell the Tall
1015:Ivar the Boneless
986:Burgred of Mercia
948:Olaf Guthfrithson
869:
868:
771:Edmund the Martyr
627:on 6 October 2014
164:
163:
133:EirĂkr Hákonarson
129:Thorkell the Tall
80:
79:
16:(Redirected from
3419:
3300:Stangeland stone
3275:Sjörup Runestone
3225:Italy runestones
3205:Hagby Runestones
3185:Egtved Runestone
3119:Valtoke Gormsson
3064:Sweyn Asleifsson
3049:Snorri Sturluson
3034:Sigurd the Stout
2979:Ragnall ua Imair
2869:IngĂłlfr Arnarson
2819:Harald Bluetooth
2804:Halfdan Long-Leg
2346:Battle of Remich
2326:Battle of Pinhoe
2311:Battle of Nesjar
2301:Battle of Maldon
2246:Battle of HelgeĂĄ
2216:Battle of Fitjar
2196:Battle of Dollar
2186:Battle of Cynwit
2176:Battle of Confey
2116:Battle of Basing
1981:Viking expansion
1913:North Sea Empire
1860:
1838:Viking Age trade
1713:Germanic deities
1645:
1638:
1631:
1622:
1605:Silverdale Hoard
1544:
1541:
1510:
1507:
1459:North Sea Empire
1437:
1347:Battle of Pinhoe
1329:
1245:
1220:Battle of London
1200:Battle of Cynwit
1176:Battle of Basing
1130:
1076:
1059:
1056:
962:
959:
954:Ragnall ua ĂŤmair
942:Gofraid ua ĂŤmair
878:
843:
840:
804:Edward the Elder
798:Alfred the Great
749:
731:
724:
717:
708:
701:
695:
689:
688:
686:
684:
669:
663:
662:
660:
658:
649:. Archived from
643:
637:
636:
634:
632:
623:. Archived from
617:
611:
610:
600:
591:(697): 636–651.
576:
570:
567:
561:
554:
548:
545:
536:
533:
527:
526:
524:
522:
504:Medieval Warfare
495:
489:
488:
486:
484:
461:
455:
454:
446:Tewkesbury Abbey
440:
423:
422:. A. Harrington.
412:
120:
49:
48:
32:
21:
3427:
3426:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3417:
3416:
3407:1016 in England
3372:
3371:
3370:
3365:
3339:
3310:Runestone U 582
3148:
3069:Sweyn Forkbeard
2984:Raud the Strong
2944:Orm Storolfsson
2939:Olof Skötkonung
2929:Olav Haraldsson
2924:Olaf Tryggvason
2909:Magnus Barefoot
2889:Ketill Flatnose
2834:Harald Wartooth
2829:Harald Hardrada
2824:Harald Fairhair
2794:Haakon the Good
2622:
2618:Varangian Guard
2518:
2510:
2481:Siege of Asselt
2471:Raid on Seville
2271:Battle of Largs
2191:Battle of Derby
2126:Battle of Bauds
2121:Battle of Barry
2091:Battle of Aclea
2074:
1969:
1905:
1899:
1867:
1861:
1852:
1758:Norse mythology
1706:Younger Futhark
1654:
1649:
1619:
1614:
1548:
1542:
1514:
1508:
1463:
1424:
1419:Stamford Bridge
1398:
1380:Cnut's invasion
1370:
1316:
1293:Second Stamford
1243:
1226:Siege of Exeter
1205:
1136:
1121:
1116:Battle of Aclea
1092:Isle of Sheppey
1063:
1057:
1003:
972:Sweyn Forkbeard
960:
905:Harold Harefoot
865:
841:
823:
740:
735:
705:
704:
696:
692:
682:
680:
671:
670:
666:
656:
654:
653:on 25 June 2022
645:
644:
640:
630:
628:
619:
618:
614:
578:
577:
573:
568:
564:
555:
551:
546:
539:
534:
530:
520:
518:
497:
496:
492:
482:
480:
463:
462:
458:
442:
441:
437:
432:
415:
406:
403:
401:Further reading
341:
320:
307:
248:
231:
219:Edmund Ironside
131:
127:
116:
110:
108:Edmund Ironside
68:
55:18 October 1016
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3425:
3423:
3415:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3374:
3373:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3351:Viking revival
3347:
3345:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3156:
3154:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2964:Ragnar Lodbrok
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2934:Olaf the White
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2694:Björn Ironside
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2630:
2628:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2522:
2520:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2501:Siege of Paris
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2451:Battle of York
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2316:Battle of NisĂĄ
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1983:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1928:Orkney Islands
1925:
1920:
1915:
1909:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1871:
1869:
1868:and navigation
1863:
1862:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1703:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1640:
1633:
1625:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1595:Ragnar Lodbrok
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1565:Cuerdale Hoard
1562:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1546:
1533:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1512:
1499:
1493:
1487:
1481:
1474:
1472:
1470:petty kingdoms
1465:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1450:
1443:
1441:
1434:
1430:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1416:
1409:
1407:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1385:
1383:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1362:
1359:St Brice's Day
1356:
1350:
1344:
1337:
1335:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1263:First Stamford
1260:
1253:
1251:
1242:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1197:
1191:
1185:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1161:
1154:
1153:
1147:
1144:Battle of York
1140:
1138:
1127:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1089:
1082:
1080:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1061:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1030:
1024:
1018:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1004:
1002:
1001:
995:
989:
983:
977:
976:
975:
966:
965:
964:
951:
945:
939:
933:
927:
916:
915:
914:
911:Svein Knutsson
908:
902:
896:
884:
882:
875:
871:
870:
867:
866:
864:
863:
857:
851:
845:
831:
829:
825:
824:
822:
821:
820:
819:
813:
807:
801:
795:
789:
780:
774:
768:
762:
759:Offa of Mercia
755:
753:
752:Major monarchs
746:
742:
741:
736:
734:
733:
726:
719:
711:
703:
702:
690:
664:
638:
612:
571:
569:Gilbert, p. 33
562:
558:Liber Eliensis
549:
537:
535:Gilbert, p. 32
528:
490:
456:
434:
433:
431:
428:
425:
424:
413:
402:
399:
394:
393:
388:
385:
382:
379:
376:
373:
370:
351:skaldic poetry
346:Knýtlinga saga
340:
337:
319:
316:
306:
303:
294:Liber Eliensis
253:Eadric Streona
247:
244:
230:
227:
199:Saffron Walden
162:
161:
158:
154:
153:
149:
148:
145:
141:
140:
136:
135:
125:Cnut the Great
122:
104:
103:
99:
98:
93:
87:
86:
82:
81:
78:
77:
76:Danish victory
74:
70:
69:
63:
61:
57:
56:
53:
45:
44:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3424:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3342:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3305:Stone of Eric
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3151:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2764:GrĂmur Kamban
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2719:Eric Bloodaxe
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2649:AmlaĂb Conung
2647:
2645:
2644:AmlaĂb Cuarán
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2608:Shield-maiden
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2598:Ring Fortress
2596:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2496:Sack of Paris
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2029:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1986:British Isles
1984:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1943:North America
1941:
1939:
1938:Faroe Islands
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1864:
1859:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1763:Norse rituals
1761:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1749:
1748:Norse funeral
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1701:Elder Futhark
1699:
1698:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1646:
1641:
1639:
1634:
1632:
1627:
1626:
1623:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1575:Furness Hoard
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1466:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1401:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1377:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1327:
1323:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
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1019:
1016:
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1008:Major leaders
1006:
999:
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984:
981:
978:
973:
970:
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967:
955:
952:
949:
946:
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936:AmlaĂb Cuarán
934:
931:
930:Eric Bloodaxe
928:
925:
922:
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917:
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909:
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828:Major leaders
826:
817:
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799:
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389:
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364:
358:
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355:Ă“ttarr svarti
352:
348:
347:
338:
336:
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329:
325:
317:
315:
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304:
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296:
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58:
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50:
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38:
33:
30:
19:
3124:Vagn Ă…kesson
3044:Skalla-GrĂmr
3039:Sitric Caech
2904:Leif Erikson
2884:KetilsdĂłttir
2724:Erik the Red
2516:Arms, armour
2110:
1906:and colonies
1895:Visby lenses
1885:Viking ships
1778:Raven banner
1393:
693:
681:. Retrieved
677:the original
667:
655:. Retrieved
651:the original
641:
629:. Retrieved
625:the original
615:
588:
584:
574:
565:
557:
552:
531:
519:. Retrieved
507:
503:
493:
481:. Retrieved
469:
459:
453:. p. 2.
445:
438:
426:
418:
408:
396:
391:
360:
344:
342:
321:
308:
292:
287:, Bishop of
282:
272:
268:
264:
249:
232:
182:
178:
176:
117:
85:Belligerents
29:
3094:Thorir Hund
3024:Sigurd Ring
2879:Jomsvikings
2576:Yarm helmet
2011:Isle of Man
1965:Kievan Rus'
1798:SkĂĂ°blaĂ°nir
1752:ship burial
1671:Brisingamen
1585:Norse–Gaels
1502:East Anglia
1490:Northumbria
1382:(1015–1016)
1353:First Alton
1333:The Danelaw
1249:The Danelaw
1228:(893, 1001)
1086:Lindisfarne
974:(1013–1014)
919:Northumbria
913:(1030–1035)
907:(1035–1040)
901:(1016–1035)
895:(1035–1042)
745:Anglo-Saxon
657:25 February
521:17 November
483:17 November
3376:Categories
3153:Runestones
2669:Berle-Kari
2634:Airdeconut
1828:Viking art
1823:Viking Age
1543: 890
1509: 550
1305:Brunanburh
1275:Tettenhall
1257:Buttington
1110:Carhampton
1058: 970
961: 914
893:Harthacnut
862:(855–?877)
842: 881
683:17 October
430:References
3114:Turgesius
2989:Reginheri
2959:Palnatoke
2744:Freygeirr
2526:Berserker
2050:Pomerania
2045:Rhineland
1974:Expansion
1923:Greenland
1904:Homelands
1848:Yggdrasil
1768:Old Norse
1723:Hnefatafl
1691:Einherjar
1590:Old Norse
1498:(527–918)
1492:(653–954)
1486:(410–825)
1480:(519–927)
1455:(866–954)
1449:(865–896)
1389:Brentford
1311:Stainmore
1299:Corbridge
1281:Tempsford
1269:The Holme
1047:(892–896)
1041:(874–890)
1035:(865–870)
1029:(865–878)
1023:(865–877)
1017:(865–870)
1000:(917–927)
994:(874–880)
988:(852–874)
982:(867–872)
950:(939–941)
944:(921–934)
938:(941–944)
926:(883–895)
888:Knýtlinga
848:Æthelflæd
812:(924–939)
810:Æthelstan
806:(899–924)
800:(871–899)
794:(839–858)
792:Æthelwulf
788:(802–839)
767:(unk–867)
761:(757–796)
607:225231585
510:(1): 29.
478:0267-1131
305:Aftermath
257:ealdorman
207:Ashingdon
201:in north
183:Essendune
171:Ashingdon
3139:UĂ ĂŤmair
2919:Náttfari
2899:Lagertha
2859:Hvitserk
2591:Ingelrii
2586:Ulfberht
2566:Dane axe
2038:Normandy
2033:Brittany
2016:Scotland
1960:Jomsborg
1933:Shetland
1880:Longship
1818:Valkyrie
1813:Valhalla
1743:Norsemen
1733:Leysingi
1728:Holmgang
1676:Danegeld
1523:Treaties
1468:English
1394:Assandun
1365:Ringmere
1137:(865–78)
1033:Hvitserk
968:England
881:Monarchs
818:(946–954
786:Ecgberht
782:Wessex:
516:48578629
363:Æthelred
324:Hadstock
211:Rochford
139:Strength
60:Location
40:Part of
3344:Related
2914:Naddodd
2839:Hastein
2814:Hagrold
2784:Guthrum
2779:Guthred
2664:Bagsecg
2561:Skeggöx
2551:Halberd
2079:Battles
2055:Estonia
1991:Danelaw
1953:Vinland
1918:Iceland
1843:Wergeld
1808:Tyrfing
1793:Seeress
1738:Mjölnir
1696:Futhark
1659:Culture
1652:Vikings
1553:Culture
1447:Danelaw
1413:Fulford
1072:Battles
1045:Hastein
1039:Guthrum
924:Guthred
585:History
328:Bartlow
229:Prelude
191:English
160:Lighter
157:Heavier
147:Unknown
144:Unknown
118:†
3129:Veborg
2849:Hervor
2659:Auisle
2556:Atgeir
2536:Hersir
2065:Dublin
2060:Iberia
2028:France
2021:Wessex
2001:Mercia
1996:Anglia
1803:Thrall
1496:Mercia
1478:Wessex
1453:Jorvik
1433:Places
1421:(1066)
1415:(1066)
1406:(1066)
1367:(1010)
1361:(1002)
1355:(1001)
1349:(1001)
1341:Maldon
1060:–1024)
874:Viking
816:Eadred
631:10 May
605:
514:
476:
472:: 49.
339:Legacy
332:Linton
311:Wessex
278:Otford
261:Mercia
246:Battle
195:Ashdon
187:Danish
114:
73:Result
3009:Rusla
3004:Rorik
2999:Rollo
2954:Ottir
2581:Sword
2070:Italy
1875:Knarr
1866:Ships
1788:Skald
1783:Sagas
1718:Gothi
1686:Eddas
1532:(886)
1511:–918)
1343:(991)
1313:(954)
1307:(937)
1301:(918)
1295:(918)
1289:(917)
1287:Derby
1283:(917)
1277:(910)
1271:(902)
1265:(894)
1259:(893)
1240:(894)
1234:(893)
1222:(886)
1216:(878)
1202:(878)
1196:(878)
1190:(877)
1184:(871)
1178:(871)
1172:(871)
1166:(871)
1160:(870)
1152:(867)
1146:(867)
1118:(851)
1112:(843)
1106:(842)
1100:(838)
1094:(835)
1088:(793)
963:–921)
856:(878)
844:–911)
603:S2CID
512:JSTOR
239:Witan
209:near
203:Essex
197:near
66:Essex
3382:Cnut
3134:Ubba
2704:Cnut
2541:Hird
2006:York
1666:BlĂłt
1484:Kent
1027:Ubba
899:Cnut
685:2011
659:2021
633:2013
523:2022
485:2022
474:ISSN
451:SPCK
255:the
215:Cnut
189:and
181:(or
177:The
52:Date
1681:DĂs
593:doi
589:418
353:by
259:of
3378::
1540:c.
1506:c.
1055:c.
958:c.
839:c.
601:.
587:.
583:.
540:^
506:.
502:.
468:.
225:.
1754:)
1750:(
1644:e
1637:t
1630:v
1545:)
1538:(
1504:(
1053:(
956:(
837:(
730:e
723:t
716:v
687:.
661:.
635:.
609:.
595::
525:.
508:2
487:.
20:)
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