477:
before daylight, leaving a detachment at the camping grounds to keep up the camp fires; and all were now in position ready for the attack. With the first rays of morning, the
Chinese were on the alert, and opened fire with great bravado on the decoy troops left across the river. This was to the Japanese the signal for action. Scarcely had the smoke cleared away when the detachment which had occupied the position to the rear of the Chinese on the river bank was down on the insurgents with a rush. The Chinese, too surprised to make any defence, were terror-stricken. They jumped into the river, ran right and left, even on to the bayonets of their opponents. Simultaneously, the second detachment began to climb the hill at the back of the fort of Hakkezan. The surprised garrison poured a rifle fire upon them, but the detachment did not hesitate. On the contrary, bayonets were fixed and a determined charge made, until the fort was entered, and the Chinese deserting the big guns still loaded, were climbing over the walls and plunging down the hillside in full flight.
471:
Chinese reasoning, do the same. But the
Japanese have a reputation for dropping old customs, and they did so in this case. The right wing, under command of Major-General Ogawa, remained at the camp to divert the Chinese with large camp fires, etc.; while the left wing, under command of Major-General Yamane, under the shadow of darkness, crossed the river with considerable difficulty at a previously discovered ford some 1,500 metres off. The column was now divided into three detachments. The first detachment, under command of Major-General Yamane, made its way quietly along to obtain a position to attack the city of Changwha itself. The second detachment with a battery of mountain-guns crawled along through the sugar-cane to cross the lower hills and gain a position to the east of the lofty fort of Mount Hakkezan, while the third with great caution slowly and quietly advanced to the rear of the Chinese troops guarding the river, and between them and the city.
483:
Chinese had not thought of this; but like a flash their danger became apparent; and from a position of calm defiance, they were thrown into a frenzy of terror, and with a wild rush they sought escape through the South Gate. But to their horrible dismay, they found the
Japanese even there; and turning back into the city they ran shrieking and howling like an army amok, firing at anything that attracted their attention. Only a few shots had been fired by the Japanese from the fort; and the Japanese infantry then scaled the walls and poured down into the city in large numbers. Street fighting with the panic-stricken braves occupied an hour; but by 7 a.m. all was quiet. Detachments were at once detailed to pursue the retreating insurgents, who had gone towards
465:, besides a large number of the usual miscellaneous relics of ancient warfare so beloved by the Chinese. To the north, about 3,000 metres distant, ran a mountain stream which, with the heavy rains usual at this time of year, had been converted into a surging river. It was on the opposite banks of this river that the Japanese and Chinese troops met on the 27th; the Japanese to the north hidden by fields of sugar-cane, which cover the district; the Chinese to the south protected by earth-works of some importance, which they had erected on the river bank; while a few rods to the rear stood formidable breastworks.
882:
875:
825:
180:
166:
152:
117:
108:
817:
441:) engaged the Japanese in fierce fighting south of the river. Upon learning the loss of Bagua battery, Wu immediately led his men towards the battery and regrouped with Hsu. They then counterattacked the Japanese forces on Mount Baguashan in a last-ditch effort to destabilize the Japanese line, but were eventually thrown back with heavy losses. Wu was killed when his unit was surrounded by the Japanese, and Hsu managed to break out with a handful of men.
37:
407:, commander of the Japanese forces in the area, inspected the front line at the bank to draw plan for an assault on the Formosan positions. He was spotted by the garrison in Bagua battery, who opened fire on him and his group of staff. The unexpected bombardment killed his second-in-command and wounded him; some sources alleged that the wound he received later cost him his life.
135:
98:
482:
Many of the retreating insurgents had fled into the walled city of
Changwha, apparently with the idea of fighting from the walls, where a large force was now assembled. But the Japanese in the fort above them had witnessed the whole scene and turned the insurgents’ own guns down upon the city. The
388:
on August 25, and immediately began preparation for crossing the river. In anticipation of a large scale confrontation, both sides tried to gather as many forces and supplies as possible. However, due to internal strife, the
Formosans could only muster around 5,000 men, many of whom were remnants of
460:
Changwha, a walled city, is situated less than five miles from the sea, in a plain scarcely above its level. To the east lies a range of hills, the highest of which—Hakkezan (Paquasoan)—which dominated the whole plain, was crowned with a well-erected fort protected by four 12-centimetre late model
509:
at
Changhua in early September 1895 ravaged the Japanese forces, killing more than 2,000 men, and continuing Formosan guerilla attacks kept the Japanese short of supplies. The Japanese temporarily halted their advance, and their inaction gave the Formosans time to regroup and organize an initially
500:
The battle was an impressive
Japanese victory, and foreign observers praised the courage and skill with which the Japanese troops had captured such a strong position so quickly. For the Japanese, the opportunity to defeat the Formosans in a pitched battle was welcomed after the weeks of guerilla
470:
It has always been the custom to ford the river at one point where it was comparatively shallow, and it was at this point that the
Chinese had built their defences and gathered a large portion of their forces; for, if it "blong olo custom" to cross at this place, the Japanese would, according to
415:
After nightfall on August 27, under the cover of darkness, several
Japanese units crossed the river and moved into positions to attack. Unaware of the Japanese movement, the Formosans launched several raids against the Japanese that night, but achieved little. The Japanese left wing successfully
476:
The whole force arrived at their positions without a hitch, and with the enemy still watching the moving figures and the numerous camp fires of the
Japanese across the river. It was one of the cleverest exhibitions of strategy displayed during the whole war. The right column crossed the river
444:
After routing the Formosans, the Japanese bombarded the city of Changhua, caused panic among the civilians and garrison soldiers, who then fled the city. The Japanese then took the city unopposed, thus ended the fiercest battle in the
381:), which was one kilometer east of the city. Changhua was also defended by walls, which was by no means usual at this period. Rebellions were frequent in Taiwan, and the Qing government preferred to keep Taiwanese cities unwalled.
501:
fighting they had experienced since the start of their march south from Taipei. The battle put an end to organized resistance against the Japanese in central Taiwan, and ultimately paved the way for the final Japanese advance on
236:
522:
In 1965 a mass grave containing 679 bodies, believed to be those of Formosan fighters, was discovered at the site of battle. The site is now a memorial park, dedicated to those who perished in the battle.
806:
229:
695:
The Island of Formosa, Past and Present : History, people, resources, and commercial prospects : Tea, camphor, sugar, gold, coal, sulphur, economical plants, and other productions
355:, the largest city in central Taiwan and the gateway to southern Taiwan. The city was surrounded by hills that offered strong defensive positions, and was protected by the Bagua Battery (
416:
reached the foot of Mount Baguashan undetected, and assaulted the battery at dawn. Despite being caught off guard and outnumbered, the Formosans held the battery until Wu Tang-hsing (
222:
799:
874:
881:
613:
1026:
792:
335:
to early extinction. The battle was one of the few occasions on which the Formosans were able to deploy artillery against the Japanese.
1046:
549:) as well as the inclusion of the battle in the history textbooks and having the portraits of leading figures in the battle printed on
505:, the last major Formosan stronghold. However, the Japanese were unable to follow up their victory immediately. A severe outbreak of
844:
820:
744:
320:
246:
28:
422:), who was in charge of defense of the battery, was killed, and the garrison reduced to several dozen soldiers. A counterattack by a
1036:
1041:
952:
404:
312:
138:
668:
931:
290:
536:
1056:
896:
610:
260:
901:
399:), the commander-general of northern Taiwan. The Japanese massed about 15,000 soldiers, with support of modern
374:
265:
1031:
916:
854:
824:
511:
179:
165:
151:
116:
107:
1051:
348:
859:
491:(Rokko) to the west, where they hoped boats could be obtained to carry them to the south of the island.
754:
816:
712:
972:
936:
295:
864:
385:
332:
328:
111:
926:
285:
532:(released in November 2008), based on the life of the Formosan militia commander Wu Tang-hsing.
784:
962:
764:
740:
689:
566:
453:
446:
370:
142:
957:
921:
906:
554:
540:
528:
488:
366:
280:
270:
170:
156:
653:
393:
ignored the repeated requests for reinforcement due to political rivalry with Li Jingsong (
849:
772:
699:
672:
617:
423:
101:
758:
36:
839:
732:
327:
in central Taiwan between the invading Japanese army and the forces of the short-lived
1020:
993:
967:
693:
389:
militia units that were defeated in Miaoli, or raw recruits from Changhua; President
214:
1003:
319:), the largest battle ever fought on Taiwanese soil, was the pivotal battle of the
120:
998:
665:
456:, who served as a war correspondent with the Japanese army during the campaign:
344:
988:
550:
390:
526:
The battle of Baguashan has recently been depicted as the climax to the film
462:
400:
776:
703:
134:
97:
768:
352:
324:
62:
506:
66:
502:
484:
70:
763:. London, New York, Bombay and Calcutta: Longmans, Green, and co.
737:
Black Flags in Vietnam : The Story of a Chinese Intervention
598:
426:
unit was repulsed, and the remaining Formosans under Hsu Hsiang (
788:
218:
539:'s leadership circle proposed the dedication of August 28 as "
323:. The battle, fought on 27 August 1895 near the city of
384:
The vanguard units of the IJA reached the north bank of
347:, the last Formosan stronghold in northern Taiwan, the
713:"Taiwan in Time: Defending the homeland to the death"
435:
At the same time, Formosan units under Wu Peng-nien (
981:
945:
889:
832:
331:, was a decisive Japanese victory, and doomed the
553:. This proposal, however, did not make it to the
452:The following account of the battle was given by
41:The battle of Baguashan martyr's memorial park.
21:
800:
544:
436:
427:
417:
394:
356:
230:
8:
698:. London and New York: Macmillan & co.
196:5,000, with fire support from Bagua battery
807:
793:
785:
237:
223:
215:
18:
640:
143:
628:
585:
578:
739:. London, England: Allen & Unwin.
510:successful, but ultimately fruitless,
432:) were forced to abandon the battery.
7:
543:Resistance of Japan Memorial Day," (
982:Chinese and Taiwanese personalities
890:Military and political developments
1027:Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1895)
821:Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1895)
666:八卦山之役死傷慘烈 史蹟遭忽略 綠擬推828為抗日紀念日（蘋果日報﹞
29:Japanese Invasion of Taiwan (1895)
14:
16:1895 battle near Changhua, Taiwan
880:
873:
823:
815:
178:
164:
150:
133:
115:
106:
96:
35:
405:Prince Kitashirakawa Yoshihisa
316:
139:Prince Kitashirakawa Yoshihisa
1:
711:Han Cheung (28 August 2016).
537:Democratic Progressive Party
671:September 27, 2007, at the
321:Japanese invasion of Taiwan
1073:
1047:Taiwan under Japanese rule
871:
845:Taiwan Expedition of 1874
545:
437:
428:
418:
395:
357:
343:Following the capture of
256:
200:
187:
127:
90:
45:
34:
26:
1037:Battles involving Taiwan
760:Japanese Rule in Formosa
616:August 14, 2007, at the
403:. On August 27, General
1042:Battles involving Japan
953:Kitashirakawa Yoshihisa
855:First Sino-Japanese War
690:Davidson, James Wheeler
351:advanced south towards
946:Japanese personalities
493:
479:
473:
467:
349:Imperial Japanese Army
128:Commanders and leaders
860:Treaty of Shimonoseki
480:
474:
468:
458:
201:Casualties and losses
973:Takashima Tomonosuke
361:) on the heights of
865:Republic of Formosa
755:Takekoshi, Yosaburō
588:, pp. 334–339.
518:Cultural influences
333:Republic of Formosa
329:Republic of Formosa
309:Battle of Baguashan
155:Wu Tang-hsing
112:Republic of Formosa
22:Battle of Baguashan
1057:August 1895 events
247:Japanese invasion
169:Wu Peng-nien
1012:
1011:
963:Kabayama Sukenori
631:, pp. 336–8.
567:History of Taiwan
487:to the south and
447:history of Taiwan
373:: 八卦山;
304:
303:
213:
212:
86:
85:
1064:
958:Arichi Shinanojo
884:
877:
827:
819:
809:
802:
795:
786:
780:
750:
728:
726:
724:
707:
675:
662:
656:
650:
644:
641:Takekoshi (1907)
638:
632:
626:
620:
607:
601:
595:
589:
583:
555:Legislative Yuan
548:
547:
512:counteroffensive
440:
439:
431:
430:
421:
420:
398:
397:
360:
359:
318:
251:
249:of Taiwan (1895)
239:
232:
225:
216:
182:
175:
168:
161:
154:
145:
137:
119:
110:
100:
82:Japanese victory
47:
46:
39:
19:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1008:
977:
941:
885:
879:
878:
869:
850:Sino-French War
828:
813:
783:
753:
747:
733:McAleavy, Henry
731:
722:
720:
710:
688:
684:
679:
678:
673:Wayback Machine
663:
659:
651:
647:
639:
635:
629:Davidson (1903)
627:
623:
618:Wayback Machine
608:
604:
596:
592:
584:
580:
575:
563:
535:On 6 May 2006,
520:
498:
413:
341:
305:
300:
252:
248:
245:
243:
177:
171:
163:
157:
114:
102:Empire of Japan
74:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1070:
1068:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1032:1895 in Taiwan
1029:
1019:
1018:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
985:
983:
979:
978:
976:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
949:
947:
943:
942:
940:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
893:
891:
887:
886:
872:
870:
868:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
840:Mudan incident
836:
834:
830:
829:
814:
812:
811:
804:
797:
789:
782:
781:
751:
746:978-0049510142
745:
729:
708:
685:
683:
680:
677:
676:
657:
654:八卦山1895紀念公園掀熱潮
645:
633:
621:
602:
590:
577:
576:
574:
571:
570:
569:
562:
559:
519:
516:
497:
494:
454:James Davidson
412:
409:
340:
337:
302:
301:
299:
298:
293:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
257:
254:
253:
244:
242:
241:
234:
227:
219:
211:
210:
207:
203:
202:
198:
197:
194:
190:
189:
185:
184:
148:
130:
129:
125:
124:
104:
93:
92:
88:
87:
84:
83:
80:
76:
75:
61:
59:
55:
54:
53:27 August 1895
51:
43:
42:
32:
31:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1069:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1052:1895 in Japan
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1015:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
994:Tang Jingsong
992:
990:
987:
986:
984:
980:
974:
971:
969:
968:Nogi Maresuke
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
950:
948:
944:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
917:Yunlin-Chiayi
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
894:
892:
888:
883:
876:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
837:
835:
831:
826:
822:
818:
810:
805:
803:
798:
796:
791:
790:
787:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
761:
756:
752:
748:
742:
738:
734:
730:
718:
714:
709:
705:
701:
697:
696:
691:
687:
686:
681:
674:
670:
667:
661:
658:
655:
649:
646:
643:, p. 89.
642:
637:
634:
630:
625:
622:
619:
615:
612:
606:
603:
600:
597:WTFM CLAN 達人
594:
591:
587:
586:Davidson 1903
582:
579:
572:
568:
565:
564:
560:
558:
556:
552:
542:
538:
533:
531:
530:
524:
517:
515:
513:
508:
504:
495:
492:
490:
486:
478:
472:
466:
464:
457:
455:
450:
448:
442:
433:
425:
410:
408:
406:
402:
392:
387:
382:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
354:
350:
346:
338:
336:
334:
330:
326:
322:
314:
310:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
258:
255:
250:
240:
235:
233:
228:
226:
221:
220:
217:
208:
205:
204:
199:
195:
192:
191:
186:
181:
176:
174:
167:
162:
160:
153:
149:
146:
140:
136:
132:
131:
126:
122:
118:
113:
109:
105:
103:
99:
95:
94:
89:
81:
78:
77:
72:
68:
64:
60:
57:
56:
52:
49:
48:
44:
38:
33:
30:
25:
20:
1014:
1004:Lin Shao-mao
911:
759:
736:
721:. Retrieved
717:Taipei Times
716:
694:
660:
648:
636:
624:
605:
593:
581:
534:
527:
525:
521:
499:
481:
475:
469:
459:
451:
443:
434:
424:Black Banner
414:
383:
378:
362:
342:
308:
306:
275:
172:
158:
91:Belligerents
999:Qiu Fengjia
719:. p. 8
599:1895 臺灣獨立戰爭
1021:Categories
989:Liu Yongfu
937:Changhsing
897:Pescadores
833:Background
682:References
551:bank notes
463:Krupp guns
411:The battle
391:Liu Yongfu
386:Dadu River
339:Background
296:Changhsing
261:Pescadores
183:Hsu Hsiang
912:Baguashan
723:28 August
546:台灣人民抗日紀念日
541:Taiwanese
496:Aftermath
401:artillery
363:Baguashan
276:Baguashan
927:Chiatung
777:6986981M
757:(1907).
735:(1968).
704:6931635M
692:(1903).
669:Archived
664:台灣人權資訊網
614:Archived
609:歷史文化學習網
561:See also
379:Hakkezan
371:Japanese
353:Changhua
325:Changhua
286:Chiatung
188:Strength
123:militias
63:Changhua
58:Location
27:Part of
907:Hsinchu
902:Keelung
652:翁金珠部落格
611:新楚軍與黎景嵩
507:malaria
367:Chinese
313:Chinese
271:Hsinchu
266:Keelung
173:†
159:†
141: (
67:Formosa
932:Tainan
922:Chiayi
775:
769:753129
767:
743:
702:
503:Tainan
489:Lokang
375:rōmaji
345:Miaoli
315::
291:Tainan
281:Chiayi
193:15,000
79:Result
71:Taiwan
573:Notes
317:八卦山戰役
209:Heavy
206:Light
121:Hakka
765:OCLC
741:ISBN
725:2016
529:1895
485:Kagi
369:and
358:八卦砲台
307:The
50:Date
438:吳彭年
419:吳湯興
396:黎景嵩
144:WIA
1023::
773:OL
771:.
715:.
700:OL
557:.
514:.
449:.
429:徐驤
377::
65:,
808:e
801:t
794:v
779:.
749:.
727:.
706:.
365:(
311:(
238:e
231:t
224:v
147:)
73:)
69:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
