688:(長蛇陣), or "Long Snake" formation, with many ships advancing in a line, and attacked straight into the Japanese fleet. Overwhelmed by the Joseon fleet, the Japanese navy abandoned their ships and fled to the coast where their army was stationed. The Japanese army and navy joined their forces and attacked the Joseon fleet from the nearby hills in desperation. The Joseon fleet shot arrows from their ships to defend and restrict their attacks and, in the meantime, concentrated on their cannon fire on destroying Japanese vessels. The Korean ships fired on the Japanese fleet and burned them using
702:
those of the samurai. In addition, the Joseon soldiers were exhausted from long sea travel and battle, and would have been heavily outnumbered on land. Up to that point, Commander Yi had not fought with numbers of soldiers, but rather with ships and cannons. Yi reinforced disadvantages in number of soldiers with heavy use of firearms. The
Japanese also had a well-trained cavalry, which was another aspect the Joseon army lacked. In the Joseon fleet, Yi lost one of his cherished officers, by the name of Woon.
804:
In a later engagement more than seventy
Japanese vessels, including warships and transports were encountered by the Allied fleet and were sunk. The devastating blow which has been dealt to the Japanese fleet has isolated the enemy armies in Korea and has cut them off from their home bases. The naval
714:
After this battle, the
Japanese forces lost the control of the sea. The devastating blow dealt to the Japanese fleet isolated their armies in Korea and cut them off from their home bases. Since the Japanese forces realized the importance of the defensive lines of Busan Bay to secure the supply line,
710:
Yi Sun Shin originally intended to destroy all the remaining
Japanese ships, however, he realized that doing so would effectively trap the Japanese soldiers on the Korean Peninsula, where they would travel inland and slaughter the natives. Therefore, Yi left a small number of Japanese ships unharmed
766:
Some
Japanese argued that the result was a strategic victory of Japan, with references to the official history of the Joseon and referencing the military mails between Japanese Daimyo. They argue that the Korean navy, which had repeatedly made sorties until now, ceased conspicuous activities after
701:
In terms of size, the Joseon ships were one-third that of
Japanese ships. Although commander Yi destroyed over 100 ships, he did not order his soldiers to pursue the Japanese on shore, probably because he recognized that close hand-to-hand combat skills of the Joseon were significantly weaker than
824:
It is important in the history of Joseon's naval warfare, since it was the only sea battle, out of the ten fought during the year, in which Joseon attacked the
Japanese naval base with relatively inferior fire power. In spite of the loss of Chong Woon, one of Yi's staff who was shot during the
608:
on July 8, the
Japanese had to change their war strategy. Their strategy was to deliver more land forces and supplies by sea to the northern part of the Korean peninsula and then they would march into Ming China. With the failure of this strategy, Japanese troops in the northern provinces of
1441:
692:
while the
Japanese fired on them from above in their forts. Even with cannons captured at Busan, the Japanese did little damage to the Korean warships. By the time the day had ended, 128 Japanese ships had been destroyed. Yi Sun-sin gave orders to withdraw, ending the battle.
758:
attacked the Busan bay on vast numbers of ships, but the
Japanese soldiers did not fight, and climbed to higher position and shot an arquebus. Thus Josen marines were unable to land then after burning 400 empty ships, Yi's fleet retreated. 鹿島萬戶 Chong
1576:
1054:
742:, which is one the official history record summarized this battle as strategic failure as follows, "李舜臣等攻釜山賊屯, 不克。 倭兵屢敗於水戰, 聚據釜山、東萊, 列艦守港。 舜臣與元均悉舟師進攻, 賊斂兵不戰, 登高放丸, 水兵不能下陸, 乃燒空船四百餘艘而退。 鹿島萬戶鄭運居前力戰, 中丸死, 舜臣痛惜之。". This can be translated as follows, "
313:
1413:
658:
and focused on protecting and rebuilding their positions. Commander Yi sent spy ships to Busan port and found out there were about 470 warships there. Commander Yi believed that the Japanese were retreating to their country, so
2276:
683:
Off the coast of Busan, the united Joseon fleet realized that the Japanese navy had readied their ships for battle, and the Japanese army had stationed themselves around the shoreline. The united Joseon fleet assembled in the
306:
2221:
SILK and Silver: Macau, Manila and Trade in the China Seas in the Sixteenth Century (A lecture delivered to the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society at the Hong Kong Club. 10 June 1980). The HKUL Digital
613:
had to suffer from starvation and shortages of supplies. To invade China, they needed to secure war supply routes. The alternate plan was to advance troops and supplies by roads, but this route was blocked by the
825:
battle, Yi achieved an enormous victory in sinking over 100 ships in this one battle alone. As winter crept in, the two parties found naval operations impossible and rode at anchor for the duration of the season.
1580:
1058:
299:
1887:
Noon-eu-ro Bo-nen Han-gook-yauk-sa 5: Gor-yeo Si-dae (눈으로 보는 한국역사 5: 고려시대), Park Doo-ui, Bae Keum-ram, Yi Sang-mi, Kim Ho-hyun, Kim Pyung-sook, et al., Joog-ang Gyo-yook-yaun-goo-won. 1998-10-30. Seoul,
1479:
675:(多大浦), and at Jeolyoungdo (絶影島). The combined Joseon fleet defeated the Japanese navy repeatedly, largely as a result of their well-trained sailors and the Joseon ships' medium- and long-range cannons.
767:
this battle until the February of the following year. They argue that the Japanese supply routes were never cut off, mentioning that this was the first and last time that Yi Sun-sin appeared in Busan.
256:
1643:
1388:
1350:
1154:
933:
746:
and his fleet attacked Busan where the enemy forces stationed, but failed to defeat them. Since Japanese soldiers were often defeated in sea fights, they gathered in the fortress in Busan and
1409:
1605:
1076:
770:
However, in dozens of the sources like Joseon's official compendium(李忠武公全書) which is also the primary historical source written by the bureaucrats of the Korean government,
1435:
249:
805:
action, which stretched over a period of several days, was broken off in the mid-summer of the year 1592. The naval forces were under the command of the Korean Admiral
711:
and withdrew his navy to resupply. And just as Yi suspected, under the cover of darkness, the remaining Japanese soldiers boarded their remaining ships and retreated.
844:
had been astonishingly successful. It had destroyed fully a quarter of the Japanese fleet at a cost of just five men killed, twenty-five wounded, and no ships lost.
731:
Korean, Japanese, British, and American historians say that the Joseon navy won this battle and the Japanese military lost control of the seas around the Joseon.
588:
stationed at Busan, and its main objective was to recapture Busan, which would thoroughly cutoff the supply line of the Japanese army. In this battle, officer
2066:
2005:
242:
323:
1627:
1372:
1334:
1138:
930:
1601:
1250:
1072:
671:
united their fleets, for a total of 166 vessels. On their way to Busan, Commander Yi defeated 24 Japanese ships at Seopyeongpo (西平浦), at the
778:
on the spot), British history books, and American history books, it was recorded as the Korean navy decisively defeating the Japanese navy.
2105:
Swope, Kenneth M. (2005), "Crouching Tigers, Secret Weapons: Military Technology Employed During the Sino-Japanese-Korean War, 1592–1598",
2133:
Swope, Kenneth M. (December 2002), "Deceit, Disguise, and Dependence: China, Japan, and the Future of the Tributary System, 1592–1596",
1987:
Admiral Yi Sun-shin and His Turtleboat Armada: A Comprehensive Account of the Resistance of Korea to the 16th Century Japanese Invasion
2281:
2240:
2210:
2183:
2027:
1876:
1850:
1774:
1519:
1006:
833:
592:
and six soldiers died, the Japanese lost over 100 ships, and the Japanese military lost control of the seas around the Joseon.
1681:
966:
663:
Province Governor (慶尙右水營) Kim Soo requested that Commander Yi block their sea route. Therefore, Commander Yi with Commanders
266:
735:
also referred to the battle as a Joseon decisive victory and resulted in the Japanese military losing control of the seas.
789:
785:
1894:
Kim, Ki-chung (Fall 1999), "Resistance, Abduction, and Survival: The Documentary Literature of the Imjin War (1592–8)",
739:
392:
638:'s navy won against the Japanese navy around mid-July, they remained silent for nearly a month. In mid-August Japanese
581:
2092:
Swope, Kenneth M. (2006), "Beyond Turtleboats: Siege Accounts from Hideyoshi's Second Invasion of Korea, 1597–1598",
1290:
1204:
931:
https://www.nytimes.com/1944/10/10/archives/nimitz-startles-reporters-with-communique-of-victory-off-korea-adds.html
2271:
1705:, Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch ; Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, 251p (2005)
1503:, Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch ; Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, 251p (2005)
1229:
1179:
990:, Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch ; Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, 251p (2005)
715:
they tried to bring the west area of Busan under their control, when the Joseon navy came. This attempt led to the
437:
2286:
897:
892:
852:
472:
417:
642:'s army, Kimura's army, and Okamoto's army retreated from Hanyang, the later capital of the Joseon dynasty, to
534:
504:
387:
1321:
1310:
1274:
651:
631:
605:
427:
357:
2266:
452:
280:
104:
2261:
887:
720:
716:
529:
519:
487:
477:
467:
817:
402:
148:
622:"). Many Korean civilians and Buddhist monks formed a voluntary army and attacked Japanese troops.
2291:
1254:
829:
793:
377:
2064:
Stramigioli, Giuliana (December 1954), "Hideyoshi's Expansionist Policy on the Asiatic Mainland",
1907:
Kim, Yung-sik (1998), "Problems and Possibilities in the Study of the History of Korean Science",
173:
160:
152:
144:
2150:
2122:
2053:
1932:
1924:
1817:
1809:
672:
585:
442:
347:
50:
1044:
Stephen Turnbull, Samurai Invasion: Japan's Korean War 1592 -1598, Cassell; First edition(2002)
140:
2236:
2206:
2179:
2163:
A Dragon's Head and a Serpent's Tail: Ming China and the First Great East Asian War, 1592–1598
2023:
1872:
1846:
1770:
1635:
1380:
1342:
1146:
926:
781:
732:
544:
539:
482:
462:
447:
432:
407:
362:
342:
165:
580:
engagement that took place on 1 September(Lunar calendar) 1592 during the first phase of the
2142:
2114:
2045:
2003:
Sadler, A. L. (June 1937), "The Naval Campaign in the Korean War of Hideyoshi (1592–1598)",
1916:
1801:
719:
in October 1592, in which General Kim Si-min triumphed over 20,000 Japanese troops, and the
514:
412:
397:
382:
352:
132:
1539:
Yi Sun shin(translated by 北島万次) Nanjung ilgi (乱中日記 : 壬辰倭乱の記錄), 平凡社 Press, Tokyo (2000)
1026:
Yi Sun shin(translated by 北島万次) Nanjung ilgi (乱中日記 : 壬辰倭乱の記錄), 平凡社 Press, Tokyo (2000)
576:
managed to destroy over 100 Japanese ships and retreated with minimal casualties. It was a
937:
863:
849:
509:
457:
372:
291:
1513:
1000:
2172:
882:
813:
619:
524:
422:
367:
169:
56:
20:
1792:
Brown, Delmer M. (May 1948), "The Impact of Firearms on Japanese Warfare, 1543–1598",
866:
era also summarized this battle as a Korean decisive victory. Furthermore, the modern
2255:
2154:
2126:
1936:
1821:
1628:"Nimitz Startles Reporters With Communique Of Victory Off Korea, Adds It Was in 1592"
1373:"Nimitz Startles Reporters With Communique Of Victory Off Korea, Adds It Was in 1592"
1335:"Nimitz Startles Reporters With Communique Of Victory Off Korea, Adds It Was in 1592"
1139:"Nimitz Startles Reporters With Communique Of Victory Off Korea, Adds It Was in 1592"
639:
177:
1996:
Strategic And Operational Aspects of Japan's Invasions of Korea 1592–1598 1993-6-18
1677:
1475:
962:
797:
771:
156:
2146:
1665:
The East Asian War, 1592-1598 ; International relations, violence, and memory
1463:
The East Asian War, 1592-1598 ; International relations, violence, and memory
950:
The East Asian War, 1592-1598 ; International relations, violence, and memory
763:) was shot and died during the hard fighting, and Yi Sun deeply regret the lost."
1959:
Niderost, Eric (June 2001), "Turtleboat Destiny: The Imjin War and Yi Sun Shin",
751:
743:
689:
99:
902:
806:
660:
643:
635:
601:
116:
1639:
1384:
1346:
1150:
760:
723:
in June 1593, in which Japanese forces finally captured the castle in Jinju.
589:
128:
907:
870:
859:
668:
223:
195:
124:
35:
2118:
1286:
1200:
234:
755:
664:
573:
120:
1225:
1175:
1813:
747:
2057:
1928:
647:
646:
Province. Around this time, most of the Japanese troops retreated to
610:
1946:
Neves, Jaime Ramalhete (1994), "The Portuguese in the Im-Jim War?",
1805:
2049:
1920:
1972:
Niderost, Eric (January 2002), "The Miracle at Myongnyang, 1597",
867:
856:
841:
775:
655:
569:
69:
568:) (釜山浦 海戰) was a naval bombardment of anchored Japanese ships at
774:, military reports (which were written by on-scene commander in
577:
295:
238:
1871:, The Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch/UC Berkeley Press,
836:, earning BA and MA degrees, described the battle like this:
2277:
Naval battles of the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)
2079:
Strauss, Barry (Summer 2005), "Korea's Legendary Admiral",
1861:
The Great East Asian War and the Birth of the Korean Nation
2036:
Sohn, Pow-key (April–June 1959), "Early Korean Painting",
1767:
Asian Security Order: Instrumental and Normative Features
1942:桑田忠親 , ed., 舊參謀本部編纂, , 朝鮮の役 (日本の戰史 Vol. 5), 1965.
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1095:
1093:
1723:李舜臣, 亂中日記草 ; 壬辰狀草, 朝鮮史編修會 編, 京城, 朝鮮總督府 昭和10 (1935)
1566:李舜臣, 亂中日記草 ; 壬辰狀草, 朝鮮史編修會 編, 京城, 朝鮮總督府 昭和10 (1935)
650:
to secure their munitions. In addition, following the
796:, commanding Allied air, land, and sea forces during
2171:
584:. It was a Korean surprise attack on the fleet of
604:'s fleet decisively defeated the Japanese in the
1602:"壬辰狀草 제 4차 부산포 승첩을 아뢰는 계본 (만력 20년(1592) 9월 17일)"
1073:"壬辰狀草 제 4차 부산포 승첩을 아뢰는 계본 (만력 20년(1592) 9월 17일)"
1626:Times, Telephone To the New York (1944-10-10).
1371:Times, Telephone To the New York (1944-10-10).
1333:Times, Telephone To the New York (1944-10-10).
1137:Times, Telephone To the New York (1944-10-10).
28:
2081:MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military History
1843:'Nanjung ilgi: War Diary of Admiral Yi Sun-sin
1828:Eikenberry, Karl W. (1988), "The Imjin War",
1741:李舜臣と秀吉 : 文禄・慶長の海戦 片野次雄 著. 誠文堂新光社, 1983.7
1518:. Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch. 2005.
1005:. Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch. 2005.
307:
250:
8:
2174:Samurai Invasion: Japan's Korean War 1592–98
2067:Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan
2006:Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan
1800:(3), Association for Asian Studies: 236–53,
1785:The Formation of a Japanocentric World Order
2100:(2), Academy of East Asian Studies: 177–206
873:also said the battle was a Korean victory.
848:Even the books which were published by the
314:
300:
292:
257:
243:
235:
25:
2038:Journal of the American Oriental Society
1787:, International Journal of Asian Studies
727:Arguments about the result of the battle
2113:, Society for Military History: 11–42,
1548:李舜臣, 李忠武公全書, 金屬活字本(丁酉字),內閣, 正祖 19(1795)
1035:李舜臣, 李忠武公全書, 金屬活字本(丁酉字),內閣, 正祖 19(1795)
919:
325:Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)
2094:Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies
1515:the National Assembly Library of Japan
1124:
1099:
1002:the National Assembly Library of Japan
816:who is the University Lecturer at the
790:Commander in Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet
2194:The Samurai Invasion of Korea 1592-98
7:
1841:Ha, Tae-hung; Sohn, Pow-key (1977),
626:Formation of the united Joseon fleet
16:Naval battle between Korea and Japan
1410:"조선왕조실록 : 요청하신 페이지를 찾을 수 없습니다"
832:, an American historian trained at
2232:The Naval Battles of the Imjin War
1440:(Thesis) (in Japanese). 国立情報学研究所.
14:
1714:李舜臣, 李忠武公全書, 朝鮮硏究會,京城 , 大正6(1917)
1557:李舜臣, 李忠武公全書, 朝鮮硏究會,京城 , 大正6(1917)
1226:"The Imjin war, Yi sun sin: VANK"
1176:"The Imjin war, Yi sun sin: VANK"
929:, New York Times, Oct, 10, 1944.
750:, which guarded the naval ships.
654:, the Japanese navy retreated to
560:of 1592 (or more accurately, the
218:6 killed (including Officer Jung)
2135:The International History Review
1750:李舜臣覚書 Books 藤居信雄 著. 古川書房, 1982.7
820:described the battle like this:
800:described the battle like this:
2107:The Journal of Military History
1684:from the original on 2015-10-05
1646:from the original on 2023-03-21
1608:from the original on 2015-09-23
1522:from the original on 2015-10-01
1482:from the original on 2023-03-23
1444:from the original on 2023-03-23
1416:from the original on 2016-11-09
1391:from the original on 2023-03-21
1353:from the original on 2023-03-21
1293:from the original on 2013-12-03
1232:from the original on 2012-03-17
1207:from the original on 2013-12-03
1182:from the original on 2012-03-17
1157:from the original on 2023-03-21
1079:from the original on 2015-09-23
1009:from the original on 2015-10-01
969:from the original on 2015-10-05
784:who played a major role in the
2165:, University of Oklahoma Press
1732:智将李舜臣龍と伝説 , 金永治雄 . 叢文社, 2008.9
1667:, Routledge Press, 126p (2014)
1465:, Routledge Press, 126p (2014)
952:, Routledge Press, 126p (2014)
1:
2147:10.1080/07075332.2002.9640980
2022:, Stanford University Press,
1994:Rockstein, Edward D. (1993),
1769:, Stanford University Press,
786:naval history of World War II
2020:A History of Japan 1334–1615
1859:Haboush, JaHyun Kim (2016),
1577:"Tokyo university's Library"
1055:"Tokyo university's Library"
840:The Korean navy's attack on
740:Annals of the Joseon Dynasty
1845:, Yonsei University Press,
582:Japanese invasions of Korea
2308:
2201:Turnbull, Stephen (1998),
2192:Turnbull, Stephen (2008),
2170:Turnbull, Stephen (2002),
2161:Swope, Kenneth M. (2009),
1765:Alagappa, Muthiah (2003),
792:, and Commander in Chief,
18:
2282:South Gyeongsang Province
2230:Imjin Wae-ran Haejeonsa:
1794:The Far Eastern Quarterly
898:Military history of Japan
893:Military history of Korea
853:Governor-General of Korea
333:
276:
209:
183:
110:
93:
41:
33:
1885:Jang, Pyun-soon (1998),
1783:Arano, Yasunori (2005),
19:Not to be confused with
2219:Villiers, John (1980),
2196:, Osprey Publishing Ltd
2018:Sansom, George (1961),
1985:Park, Yune-hee (1973),
1974:Osprey Military Journal
1867:Hawley, Samuel (2005),
1434:小川 隆章 (31 March 2022).
652:Battle of Hansan Island
632:Battle of Hansan Island
268:Admiral Yi 4th Campaign
2228:Yi, Min-woong (2004),
2203:The Samurai Sourcebook
846:
827:
811:
281:Busanpo (Busan Harbor)
229:128 warships destroyed
111:Commanders and leaders
2119:10.1353/jmh.2005.0059
888:List of naval battles
838:
822:
802:
634:, in which commander
499:1597–1598 Jeongyu War
210:Casualties and losses
21:Siege of Busan (1592)
2235:, Chongoram Media ,
2205:, Cassell & Co,
2178:, Cassell & Co,
1437:李舜臣と文禄・慶長の役の海戦に関する考察
818:University of Oxford
1998:, Naval War College
1287:"Untitled Document"
1201:"Untitled Document"
794:Pacific Ocean Areas
566:Battle of Busan Bay
337:1592–1594 Imjin War
55:September 1, 1592 (
1632:The New York Times
1377:The New York Times
1339:The New York Times
1143:The New York Times
936:2021-07-19 at the
834:Queen's University
673:Battle of Dadaejin
606:Battle of Hansando
586:Toyotomi Hideyoshi
51:Gregorian Calendar
2272:Conflicts in 1592
2009:, Second Series,
1989:, Shinsaeng Press
1961:Military Heritage
1948:Review of Culture
927:Chester W. Nimitz
782:Chester W. Nimitz
733:Chester W. Nimitz
679:Battle of Busanpo
562:Battle of Busanpo
553:
552:
289:
288:
233:
232:
166:Wakisaka Yasuharu
89:
88:
49:October 5, 1592 (
2299:
2287:History of Busan
2245:
2224:
2215:
2197:
2188:
2177:
2166:
2157:
2129:
2101:
2088:
2075:
2070:, Third Series,
2060:
2032:
2014:
1999:
1990:
1981:
1968:
1955:
1939:
1903:
1890:
1881:
1863:
1855:
1837:
1824:
1788:
1779:
1751:
1748:
1742:
1739:
1733:
1730:
1724:
1721:
1715:
1712:
1706:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1674:
1668:
1663:James B. Lewis,
1661:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1651:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1579:. Archived from
1573:
1567:
1564:
1558:
1555:
1549:
1546:
1540:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1510:
1504:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1472:
1466:
1461:James B. Lewis,
1459:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1330:
1324:
1319:
1313:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1298:
1283:
1277:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1253:. Archived from
1247:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1187:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1162:
1134:
1128:
1122:
1103:
1097:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1057:. Archived from
1051:
1045:
1042:
1036:
1033:
1027:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1014:
997:
991:
984:
978:
977:
975:
974:
959:
953:
948:James B. Lewis,
946:
940:
924:
600:After commander
328:
326:
316:
309:
302:
293:
271:
269:
259:
252:
245:
236:
137:
43:
42:
26:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2298:
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2296:
2252:
2251:
2248:
2243:
2227:
2218:
2213:
2200:
2191:
2186:
2169:
2160:
2141:(4): 757–1008,
2132:
2104:
2091:
2078:
2063:
2035:
2030:
2017:
2002:
1993:
1984:
1971:
1958:
1945:
1906:
1893:
1884:
1879:
1866:
1858:
1853:
1840:
1830:Military Review
1827:
1806:10.2307/2048846
1791:
1782:
1777:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1701:Samuel Hawley,
1700:
1696:
1687:
1685:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1662:
1658:
1649:
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1625:
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1556:
1552:
1547:
1543:
1538:
1534:
1525:
1523:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1499:Samuel Hawley,
1498:
1494:
1485:
1483:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1460:
1456:
1447:
1445:
1433:
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1199:
1198:
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1185:
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1136:
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1131:
1123:
1106:
1098:
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1080:
1071:
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1066:
1053:
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1048:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1012:
1010:
999:
998:
994:
986:Samuel Hawley,
985:
981:
972:
970:
961:
960:
956:
947:
943:
938:Wayback Machine
925:
921:
916:
879:
864:Empire of Japan
729:
717:Battle of Jinju
708:
699:
681:
628:
598:
558:Battle of Busan
554:
549:
494:1595–1596 Truce
329:
324:
322:
320:
290:
285:
272:
267:
265:
263:
221:
219:
176:
172:
168:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
133:
127:
123:
119:
83:Joseon victory
73:
54:
29:Battle of Busan
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2305:
2303:
2295:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2254:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2225:
2216:
2211:
2198:
2189:
2184:
2167:
2158:
2130:
2102:
2089:
2076:
2061:
2050:10.2307/595851
2033:
2028:
2015:
2000:
1991:
1982:
1969:
1967:(6): 50–59, 89
1956:
1943:
1940:
1921:10.1086/649280
1911:, 2nd Series,
1904:
1896:Korean Culture
1891:
1882:
1877:
1864:
1856:
1851:
1838:
1825:
1789:
1780:
1775:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1753:
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1743:
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1716:
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1694:
1669:
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1568:
1559:
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1541:
1532:
1505:
1492:
1467:
1454:
1426:
1401:
1363:
1325:
1314:
1303:
1278:
1267:
1242:
1217:
1192:
1167:
1129:
1127:, p. 250.
1104:
1102:, p. 246.
1089:
1064:
1061:on 2015-10-01.
1046:
1037:
1028:
1019:
992:
979:
954:
941:
918:
917:
915:
912:
911:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
883:Siege of Busan
878:
875:
814:James B. Lewis
728:
725:
721:Siege of Jinju
707:
704:
698:
695:
680:
677:
627:
624:
620:Righteous Army
597:
594:
551:
550:
548:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
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505:Chilcheollyang
501:
500:
496:
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470:
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455:
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284:
283:
277:
274:
273:
264:
262:
261:
254:
247:
239:
231:
230:
227:
216:No ships lost
212:
211:
207:
206:
203:
202:
201:
198:
186:
185:
181:
180:
170:Kuki Yoshitaka
163:
113:
112:
108:
107:
102:
96:
95:
91:
90:
87:
86:
85:
84:
79:
75:
74:
67:
65:
61:
60:
57:Lunar calendar
47:
39:
38:
31:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2304:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2267:1592 in Japan
2265:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2250:
2244:
2242:89-89722-49-7
2238:
2234:
2231:
2226:
2223:
2217:
2214:
2212:1-85409-523-4
2208:
2204:
2199:
2195:
2190:
2187:
2185:0-304-35948-3
2181:
2176:
2175:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2068:
2062:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2044:(2): 96–103,
2043:
2039:
2034:
2031:
2029:0-8047-0525-9
2025:
2021:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2007:
2001:
1997:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1892:
1889:
1883:
1880:
1878:89-954424-2-5
1874:
1870:
1869:The Imjin War
1865:
1862:
1857:
1854:
1852:89-7141-018-3
1848:
1844:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1826:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1778:
1776:0-8047-4629-X
1772:
1768:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1747:
1744:
1738:
1735:
1729:
1726:
1720:
1717:
1711:
1708:
1704:
1703:The Imjin War
1698:
1695:
1683:
1679:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1660:
1657:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1622:
1619:
1607:
1603:
1597:
1594:
1583:on 2015-10-01
1582:
1578:
1572:
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1560:
1554:
1551:
1545:
1542:
1536:
1533:
1521:
1517:
1516:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1501:The Imjin War
1496:
1493:
1481:
1477:
1471:
1468:
1464:
1458:
1455:
1443:
1439:
1438:
1430:
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1390:
1386:
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1348:
1344:
1340:
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1329:
1326:
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1318:
1315:
1312:
1307:
1304:
1292:
1288:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1271:
1268:
1257:on 2020-06-21
1256:
1252:
1246:
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1231:
1227:
1221:
1218:
1206:
1202:
1196:
1193:
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1111:
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1047:
1041:
1038:
1032:
1029:
1023:
1020:
1008:
1004:
1003:
996:
993:
989:
988:The Imjin War
983:
980:
968:
964:
958:
955:
951:
945:
942:
939:
935:
932:
928:
923:
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876:
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869:
865:
861:
858:
854:
851:
845:
843:
837:
835:
831:
830:Samuel Hawley
826:
821:
819:
815:
810:
808:
801:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
777:
773:
768:
764:
762:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
738:For example,
736:
734:
726:
724:
722:
718:
712:
705:
703:
696:
694:
691:
687:
678:
676:
674:
670:
666:
662:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
640:Kato Yoshiaki
637:
633:
625:
623:
621:
617:
612:
607:
603:
595:
593:
591:
587:
583:
579:
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541:
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536:
533:
531:
528:
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521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
502:
498:
497:
493:
492:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
473:3rd Pyongyang
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
438:2nd Pyongyang
436:
434:
431:
429:
428:Hansan Island
426:
424:
421:
419:
418:1st Pyongyang
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
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371:
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366:
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344:
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340:
336:
335:
332:
327:
317:
312:
310:
305:
303:
298:
297:
294:
282:
279:
278:
275:
270:
260:
255:
253:
248:
246:
241:
240:
237:
228:
225:
217:
214:
213:
208:
204:
199:
197:
193:
192:
191:
188:
187:
182:
179:
178:Kato Yoshiaki
175:
174:Tōdō Takatora
171:
167:
164:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
136:
130:
126:
122:
118:
115:
114:
109:
106:
105:Japanese navy
103:
101:
98:
97:
92:
82:
81:
80:
77:
76:
71:
68:Off coast of
66:
63:
62:
58:
52:
48:
45:
44:
40:
37:
32:
27:
22:
2262:1592 in Asia
2249:
2233:
2229:
2220:
2202:
2193:
2173:
2162:
2138:
2134:
2110:
2106:
2097:
2093:
2084:
2080:
2071:
2065:
2041:
2037:
2019:
2010:
2004:
1995:
1986:
1977:
1973:
1964:
1960:
1951:
1947:
1912:
1908:
1899:
1895:
1886:
1868:
1860:
1842:
1833:
1829:
1797:
1793:
1784:
1766:
1758:Bibliography
1746:
1737:
1728:
1719:
1710:
1702:
1697:
1686:. Retrieved
1672:
1664:
1659:
1648:. Retrieved
1631:
1621:
1610:. Retrieved
1596:
1585:. Retrieved
1581:the original
1571:
1562:
1553:
1544:
1535:
1524:. Retrieved
1514:
1508:
1500:
1495:
1484:. Retrieved
1470:
1462:
1457:
1446:. Retrieved
1436:
1429:
1418:. Retrieved
1404:
1393:. Retrieved
1376:
1366:
1355:. Retrieved
1338:
1328:
1317:
1306:
1295:. Retrieved
1281:
1270:
1259:. Retrieved
1255:the original
1245:
1234:. Retrieved
1220:
1209:. Retrieved
1195:
1184:. Retrieved
1170:
1159:. Retrieved
1142:
1132:
1081:. Retrieved
1067:
1059:the original
1049:
1040:
1031:
1022:
1011:. Retrieved
1001:
995:
987:
982:
971:. Retrieved
957:
949:
944:
922:
847:
839:
828:
823:
812:
803:
798:World War II
780:
772:Nanjung ilgi
769:
765:
737:
730:
713:
709:
700:
685:
682:
629:
615:
611:Joseon Korea
599:
565:
561:
557:
555:
215:
200:92 hyeopseon
190:166 vessels
189:
161:Yi Eon-ryang
157:Eo Yeong-dam
153:Yi Yeong-nam
145:Song Hui-rip
134:
94:Belligerents
2222:Initiatives
1678:"Routledge"
1476:"Routledge"
1125:Hawley 2005
1100:Hawley 2005
963:"Routledge"
862:the during
752:Yi Sun Shin
744:Yi Sun Shin
697:Comparisons
690:fire arrows
535:2nd Sacheon
520:Myeongnyang
478:Byeokjegwan
393:Imjin River
388:1st Sacheon
205:470 vessels
100:Joseon navy
2292:Yi Sun-sin
2256:Categories
2087:(4): 52–61
1980:(1): 44–50
1902:(3): 20–29
1836:(2): 74–82
1688:2015-09-30
1650:2023-01-27
1612:2015-08-18
1587:2015-08-19
1526:2015-09-30
1486:2015-09-30
1448:2023-03-21
1420:2013-01-29
1395:2023-01-27
1357:2023-01-27
1297:2012-05-09
1261:2020-06-18
1236:2012-05-09
1211:2012-05-09
1186:2012-05-09
1161:2023-01-27
1083:2015-08-18
1013:2015-09-30
973:2015-09-30
914:References
903:Yi Sun Sin
871:historians
807:Yi Sun-sin
661:Gyeongsang
644:Gyeongsang
636:Yi Sun-sin
630:After the
602:Yi Sun Sin
596:Background
574:Yi Sun-sin
403:Danghangpo
220:25 wounded
117:Yi Sun-sin
2155:154827808
2127:159829515
2013:: 179–208
1937:143724260
1915:: 48–79,
1822:162924328
1640:0362-4331
1385:0362-4331
1347:0362-4331
1322:ko:부산포 해전
1311:ko:부산포 해전
1275:ko:부산포 해전
1151:0362-4331
908:Imjin War
860:historian
686:Jangsajin
669:Yi Eok Ki
530:2nd Ulsan
525:1st Ulsan
488:2nd Jinju
468:1st Jinju
453:2nd Busan
378:Jeokjinpo
343:1st Busan
224:Panokseon
196:Panokseon
141:Gweon Jun
129:Jung Woon
125:Yi Eok-gi
36:Imjin War
2074:: 74–116
1682:Archived
1644:Archived
1606:Archived
1520:Archived
1480:Archived
1442:Archived
1414:Archived
1389:Archived
1351:Archived
1291:Archived
1230:Archived
1205:Archived
1180:Archived
1155:Archived
1077:Archived
1007:Archived
967:Archived
934:Archived
877:See also
868:Japanese
857:Japanese
850:Japanese
756:Won Gyun
665:Won Gyun
616:Uibyeong
540:Suncheon
448:Yeongwon
443:Cheongju
408:Hamgyong
348:Dadaejin
184:Strength
121:Won Gyun
64:Location
34:Part of
1954:: 20–24
1814:2048846
748:Dongnae
590:Jung Un
545:Noryang
483:Haengju
463:Bukgwan
433:Angolpo
383:Gangwon
363:Chungju
353:Dongnae
226:damaged
149:Kim Wan
135:†
72:, Korea
2239:
2209:
2182:
2153:
2125:
2058:595851
2056:
2026:
1935:
1929:301878
1927:
1909:Osiris
1888:Korea.
1875:
1849:
1820:
1812:
1773:
1638:
1383:
1345:
1149:
706:Impact
648:Gimhae
515:Jiksan
510:Namwon
413:Yongin
398:Dangpo
358:Sangju
131:
78:Result
2151:S2CID
2123:S2CID
2054:JSTOR
1933:S2CID
1925:JSTOR
1818:S2CID
1810:JSTOR
1251:"장사진"
842:Busan
776:Busan
759:Woon(
656:Busan
578:naval
570:Busan
458:Yonan
373:Happo
70:Busan
2237:ISBN
2207:ISBN
2180:ISBN
2024:ISBN
1873:ISBN
1847:ISBN
1771:ISBN
1636:ISSN
1381:ISSN
1343:ISSN
1147:ISSN
855:and
754:and
667:and
556:The
423:Ichi
368:Okpo
222:few
46:Date
2143:doi
2115:doi
2046:doi
1917:doi
1802:doi
788:as
564:or
194:74
2258::
2149:,
2139:24
2137:,
2121:,
2111:69
2109:,
2096:,
2085:17
2083:,
2052:,
2042:79
2040:,
2011:14
1976:,
1963:,
1952:18
1950:,
1931:,
1923:,
1913:13
1900:20
1898:,
1834:68
1832:,
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