199:
166:
2059:
187:
2283:
151:
1517:
1594:
137:
1696:. The bulk of the Allied forces detected the Italian squadron on radar shortly after 22:00, and were able to close without being detected. The Italian ships had no radar and could not detect British ships by means other than sight; Italian thinking did not envisage night actions and their main gun batteries were not prepared for action. At 22:20 they spotted the Allied squadron, but thought them to be Italian ships. The battleships
1411:
48:
1496:
joined the
Italian cruisers and immediately opened fire on the shadowing Allied cruisers. She fired 94 rounds in 29 salvos from a distance of 25,000 yd (23,000 m), all well aimed, but again with an excessive dispersal of her salvos. (Another 11 rounds got jammed in the barrels.) The Allied
921:
to attack the merchant convoys supplying
British forces. As always with Enigma, the intelligence breakthrough was concealed from the Italians by ensuring there was a plausible, visible reason for the Allies to have detected and intercepted their fleet. In this case, it was a carefully directed
1901:... the consequence of limiting for some time our operational activities, not for the serious moral effect of the losses, as the British believed, but because the operation revealed our inferiority in effective aero-naval cooperation and the backwardness of our night battle technology.
940:. He had made a point of arriving at the club the same afternoon with his suitcase as if for an overnight stay, and spent some time on the golf course within sight of the Japanese consul. An evening party on his flagship was advertised for that night but was never meant to take place.
1542:
without direct effect, but the required manoeuvring made it difficult for the
Italian ships to maintain their pursuit. The Italian ships fired 152, 100 and 90 mm guns and also 37, 20 and 13.2 mm guns when at close range, repelling the attack, while one of the two
1642:
to lose electric power and drift to a stop. The torpedo was apparently dropped by
Lieutenant Grainger Williams. Williams was subsequently awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, primarily for the part he played in bringing about the ensuing naval engagement.
1441:. The British squadron was heading to the south-east. Thinking they were attempting to run from their larger ships, the Italians gave chase, opening fire at 08:12 from 24,000 yd (22,000 m). The three heavy cruisers fired repeatedly until 08:55, with
1817:. It informed them that, due to the risk of air strikes, the Allied ships had ceased their rescue operations and granted safe passage to a hospital ship for rescue purposes. The location of the remaining survivors was broadcast, and the Italian hospital ship
1991:, the involvement of the GC&CS, as well as the code-breaking methods used, were kept secret. A number of controversial theories were published before more complete accounts emerged after records were eventually declassified in 1978. Only later, after
1931:
For reasons of secrecy, code breakers at the GC&CS were very rarely informed of the operational effects of their work, but their impact on the Battle of Cape
Matapan was an exception. A few weeks after the battle, Admiral Cunningham visited
1574:) of flooding. Dalyell-Stead and his crew were killed when their aircraft was shot down by anti-aircraft fire from the battleship. The ship stopped while the damage was repaired, but she was able to get under way again at 16:42, making 19
3237:
1853:
described the Battle of
Matapan as "Italy's greatest defeat at sea, subtracting from its order of battle a cruiser division, but the battle was hardly decisive." The British in the Mediterranean lost the heavy cruiser
1812:
The Allied ships took on survivors but left the scene in the morning, fearing Axis air strikes. Admiral
Cunningham ordered a signal to be made on the Merchant Marine emergency band. This signal was received by the
3252:
1940:
and his staff, with a positive impact on morale: Mavis Batey, one of the code breakers, remembers: "Our sense of elation knew no bounds when
Cunningham himself came down in person to thank and congratulate us".
3232:
1402:. Nevertheless, after some discussion, the Italian headquarters decided to go ahead with the operation, to show the Germans their will to fight and confidence in the higher speed of their warships.
1708:
were able to close to 3,800 yards (3,500 m) – point blank range for battleship guns – at which point they opened fire. The Allied searchlights (including those under the command of
Midshipman
1775:
to
Alexandria as a prize was considered, but daylight was approaching, and it was thought that the danger of enemy air attack was too high. British boarding parties seized a number of much-needed
905:
for the first time. The first message, the cryptic "Today’s the day minus three," was followed three days later by a second message reporting the sailing of an Italian battle fleet comprising one
284:
3242:
2019:
used by the British to defeat the Italians at Matapan. Hyde was found guilty of libelling the dead, but evidence of GC&CS involvement was not made public at that time. In 1980, the
1497:
cruisers, until then unaware of the presence of a battleship, withdrew, suffering slight damage from 381 mm (15.0 in) shell fragments. A series of photographs taken from HMS
3247:
862:
191:
1468:. The Allied ships changed course in turn, following the Italian cruisers at extreme range. Iachino allowed the British approach in the hope of luring them within the range of
767:
2565:
The Admiralty Account of the Naval War in the Mediterranean (London, His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1943), where the detection of the Italian force is credited to "one of
1890:), at Matapan the Regia Marina lost three in a night. That the Italians had sortied so far to the east established a potential threat that forced the British to keep their
1315:
1626:
squadron from Crete took place between 19:36 and 19:50. Admiral Iachino deployed his ships in three columns and used smoke, searchlights, and a heavy barrage to protect
1464:
As they had not reduced the distance significantly after an hour of pursuit, the Italian cruisers broke off the chase, turning to the north-west on a course to rejoin
277:
779:
2510:
270:
2823:"Post WWII Service Dress Uniform of the Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm to Lt. Commander Grainger Patrick Carlisle (GPC) Williams, DSC, Hero of Cape Matapan"
1321:
589:
1828:
s 90 mm (3.5-inch) anti-aircraft batteries, with the loss of the three-man crew. Italian losses were up to 2,303 sailors, most of them from
3107:
929:
As a further deception, Admiral Cunningham made a surreptitious exit after dark from a golf club in Alexandria to avoid being seen boarding his
382:
3097:
2095:
948:
2254:
1267:
2260:
2207:
2153:
2147:
2107:
1333:
1327:
1273:
84:
1919:. Despite his impressive victory, Admiral Cunningham was somewhat disappointed with the failure of the destroyers to make contact with
951:
had only one operational battleship and no aircraft carriers. In fact the Royal Navy had three battleships, while the damaged British
2536:
2494:
2248:
2101:
1397:
1279:
1221:
3078:
2995:
2931:
1485:
s bridge remarked to a companion, "What's that battleship over there? I thought ours were miles away." The Italians eavesdropped on
842:
2266:
1946:
1716:) illuminated their enemy. Some British gunners saw main turrets flying dozens of metres into the air from the Italian cruisers.
1709:
1261:
993:
2089:
642:
1995:
was demonstrated by Mavis Batey to the Admiral in charge of naval history, were Italian official records corrected. In 1966,
686:
608:
2598:
1923:. The fact that the Italian battleship had escaped intact was, in the words of the British admiral, "much to be regretted".
480:
318:
675:
826:, represented by the navies of the United Kingdom and Australia, and the Royal Italian navy, from 27 to 29 March 1941.
1559:
944:
902:
447:
331:
294:
39:
3041:
3267:
3222:
1794:
shortly after 04:00. The only known Italian reaction after the shocking surprise was a fruitless torpedo charge by
758:
634:
396:
337:
3206:
1949:, stated: "Tell Dilly that we have won a great victory in the Mediterranean and it is entirely due to his girls".
1992:
713:
655:
500:
488:
2888:
2761:
2219:
2197:
1673:
until about an hour after the order had been given by Iachino, officially due to communication problems, while
541:
3257:
1957:
There is still controversy in Italy regarding the orders given by the Italian Admiral Angelo Iachino to the
1597:
1297:
1285:
1049:
1021:
923:
696:
467:
361:
1638:
and could not take any evasive action. This blow knocked out five boilers and the main steam line, causing
1516:
1366:
and a number of destroyers—sailed from Greek waters for a position south of Crete. Admiral Cunningham with
3262:
3227:
2287:
2028:
1454:
1291:
981:
823:
512:
415:
1864:
in the same period (26–31 March 1941), but while the Royal Navy lost four heavy cruisers during the war (
3124:
3010:
1965:, when it was clear that an enemy battleship force was approaching rapidly from the opposite direction.
1527:
Cunningham's force, which had been attempting to rendezvous with Pridham-Wippell, launched an attack by
1249:
1099:
872:
858:
662:
602:
494:
2282:
3143:
Sadkovich, James J. (October 1988). "Re-evaluating Who Won the Italo-British Naval Conflict, 1940–2".
2058:
1646:
Unaware of Cunningham's pursuit, a squadron of cruisers and destroyers was ordered to return and help
3115:
2000:
1881:
1255:
1243:
1205:
955:
898:
850:
594:
428:
348:
1821:
came to recover them. Allied casualties during the battle were a single torpedo bomber shot down by
1593:
2857:
1579:
1461:
fired three salvos in return. These fell short but did cause the Italians to make a course change.
1148:
1110:
1025:
961:
893:
In late March 1941, as British ships of the Mediterranean Fleet covered troop movements to Greece,
746:
741:
691:
650:
565:
459:
3160:
1996:
1942:
1916:
1558:
A second aerial attack at 15:09 surprised the Italians; Lieutenant-Commander John Dalyell-Stead (
1211:
1199:
1193:
1163:
1136:
1009:
629:
581:
557:
549:
518:
342:
1392:
at 12:00, depriving Iachino of any advantage of surprise. The Italian admiral also learned that
1692:
s radar picked up a ship six miles to port, apparently dead in the water; she was the crippled
3093:
3074:
2991:
2927:
2490:
1887:
1875:
1850:
1744:
1082:
1038:
1032:
1015:
934:
731:
681:
534:
472:
435:
375:
78:
20:
2923:
2916:
2734:
3187:
3178:
3152:
2165:
2027:
included similar allegations about a spy called 'Cynthia' who obtained a codebook. In 1974,
2012:
2008:
1988:
1607:
1386:
1182:
1170:
1122:
1089:
1072:
1066:
952:
819:
667:
526:
409:
47:
3198:
2540:
2286:
Included: Force A, 14th Destroyer Flotilla, 10th Destroyer Flotilla (of Force C), Force B,
1453:
firing another 189 armour piercing shells, but the Italians experienced trouble with their
2485:
Batey, Mavis (2011). "Chapter 6: Breaking Italian Naval Enigma". In Smith, Michael (ed.).
2119:
1912:
1869:
1814:
1763:, the former with heavy damage, after being chased and fired at by the British destroyers
1528:
1502:
1342:. Significantly, none of the Italian ships had radar, unlike several of the Allied ships.
1186:
1129:
1060:
1003:
701:
616:
573:
453:
388:
353:
2822:
1897:
After the defeat at Cape Matapan, the Italian Admiral Iachino wrote that the battle had
2068:
2041:
1933:
1891:
1776:
1583:
1531:
1437:
group encountered Admiral Pridham-Wippell's cruiser group south of the Greek island of
1242:
of the 13th Flotilla. The fleet also included most of the Italian heavy cruiser force:
1176:
1116:
875:
846:
807:
421:
311:
203:
142:
1492:
s signal that she had sighted an unknown unit and was going to investigate. At 10:55,
1410:
3216:
3164:
2715:
Cernuschi, Enrico (November 2006). "E fecero tutti il loro dovere:Cause ed effetti".
2171:
2125:
1855:
1548:
1544:
1103:
1045:
985:
914:
910:
772:
726:
706:
367:
171:
3027:
3014:
2004:
1760:
867:
831:
827:
815:
736:
74:
1911:
The Italian fleet did not venture into the Eastern Mediterranean again until the
947:
side. The Italians had been incorrectly informed by the Germans that the British
1937:
1658:
1575:
1551:. Iachino broke off the pursuit at 12:20, retiring towards his own air cover at
1389:
1078:
894:
3156:
1566:
before releasing a torpedo which hit her outer port propeller and caused 4,000
1220:
The Italian fleet was led by Admiral Iachino's flagship, the modern battleship
2074:
1630:. The tactics prevented further damage to the battleship, but one torpedo hit
1426:
1423:
1155:
1053:
999:
906:
854:
262:
99:
86:
2037:
1836:. The Allies rescued 1,015 survivors, while the Italians saved another 160.
918:
156:
2016:
1567:
1339:
1142:
930:
325:
1501:
showing Italian salvos falling amongst Allied warships was published by
865:, intercepted and sank or severely damaged several ships of the Italian
1786:
s crew was taken off and she was sunk by torpedoes from the destroyers
1623:
1615:
1611:
1552:
1095:
2676:
Fraccaroli, Aldo (January 2001). "Lo combattimento navale di Gaudo".
1438:
1159:
881:
835:
3238:
Naval battles and operations of the European theatre of World War II
2753:
1523:
withdraws from the battle area after being torpedoed by RN aircraft.
2988:
The Royal Navy and the Mediterranean: November 1940 – December 1941
1894:
to face another sortie during the operations off Greece and Crete.
878:. The opening actions of the battle are also known in Italy as the
1592:
1571:
1515:
1409:
1915:
two months later and it did not come out in full force until the
841:
After the interception and decryption of Italian signals by the
266:
2561:
See the report in the official Admiralty publication of 1943,
2020:
3179:"Battle of Cape Matapan: World War II Italian Naval Massacre"
2599:"Battle of Cape Matapan: World War II Italian Naval Massacre"
1433:
spotted the British cruiser squadron at 06:35. At 07:55, the
1314:) of the 12th Flotilla. Joining them were the light cruisers
943:
At the same time, there was a failure of intelligence on the
1809:
s 40 mm guns in the direction of the British warships.
1418:
firing upon the Allied cruisers during the action off Gavdos
1350:
On 27 March, Vice-Admiral Pridham-Wippell—with the cruisers
3253:
Naval battles of World War II involving the United Kingdom
3233:
Allied naval victories in the battle of the Mediterranean
2969:
2967:
2671:
2669:
1326:(8th division) and two destroyers of the 16th Flotilla (
1449:
firing 204 armour-piercing and 10 explosive shells and
2735:"Matapan: British fleet won sea victory over Italians"
2583:. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. p. 55.
1751:, were sunk in the first five minutes. The other two,
1382:
left Alexandria on the same day to meet the cruisers.
1732:
was finished off by a torpedo from the destroyer HMS
2758:
A Brief History of the Australian Cruiser HMAS Perth
1562:) was able to fly his Albacore to within 1,000m of
2915:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2462:
3243:Naval battles of World War II involving Australia
2922:. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. pp.
1999:published a story alleging that an American spy,
1634:, which had nearly stopped to avoid running into
1396:was at sea, thanks to the decryption team aboard
790:¹ — Involved an Allied convoy or delivery mission
2874:
2843:
2794:
2782:
2702:
2660:
2641:
2626:
1967:
1899:
1669:. The squadron did not start to return towards
1547:escorting the Italian fleet was shot down by a
792:² — Involved an Axis convoy or delivery mission
32:
3092:. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
1457:equipment and scored no significant hits. HMS
1284:) of the 9th Flotilla; and the heavy cruisers
988:fleet, consisting of the aircraft carrier HMS
3248:Naval battles of World War II involving Italy
3071:The Naval War in the Mediterranean, 1940–1943
3069:Greene, Jack; Massignani, Alessandro (1998).
2733:Back, Geoffrey Robert Bensly (16 June 1941).
2539:. Bletchley Park. 5 July 2012. Archived from
1743:(flagship of the flotilla commander, Captain
278:
8:
3042:"Orders of Battle – Battle of Cape Matapan"
2537:"Spanish Enigma Welcomed To Bletchley Park"
2973:
2951:. British Battles. MacMillan. p. 151.
2806:
2690:
1677:and the other ships continued to Taranto.
1102:, consisted of the British light cruisers
861:, under the command of Royal Navy Admiral
285:
271:
263:
29:
2680:(in Italian). Parma: Albertelli editions.
2637:
2635:
1602:under torpedo attack by Fairey Swordfish.
2592:
2590:
2424:GA 8 convoy (from Greece to Alexandria)
2395:AG 9 convoy (from Alexandria to Greece)
1606:A third attack by six Albacores and two
1020:. The main fleet was accompanied by the
2489:. Biteback Publishing. pp. 79–92.
2458:
1978:And should ne'er be forgotten. Will he?
3181:by Anthony M. Scalzo at HistoryNet.com
2728:
2726:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2612:
849:(the decrypted intelligence codenamed
2858:"Philip: How I Sunk Italian Cruisers"
2817:
2815:
1586:). Cunningham heard of the damage to
830:is on the south-western coast of the
7:
2918:Sea Battles in Close-Up: World War 2
2656:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2569:aircraft on reconnaissance." (p. 56)
16:1941 Allied naval victory over Italy
2764:from the original on 1 October 2017
2597:Scalzo, Anthony M. (January 2001).
2358:Vice-Admiral Henry Pridham-Wippell
2035:falsely credited the decryption of
1445:firing 132 armour-piercing rounds,
1385:The Italian fleet was spotted by a
1302:, accompanied by three destroyers (
901:, made a breakthrough, reading the
2887:Colombo, Lorenzo (13 March 2017).
2194:12a Squadriglia Cacciatorpediniere
2144:16a Squadriglia Cacciatorpediniere
2086:13a Squadriglia Cacciatorpediniere
1975:He was the brains behind them all
1317:Luigi di Savoia Duca degli Abruzzi
1260:, accompanied by four destroyers (
14:
2245:9a Squadriglia Cacciatorpediniere
1987:For decades after the end of the
843:Government Code and Cypher School
19:For the 18th-century battle, see
3207:After The Battle Of Cape Matapan
2281:
2057:
197:
185:
164:
149:
135:
46:
2893:Con la pelle appesa a un chiodo
2825:. Rathbone Museum. 5 March 2021
2487:The Bletchley Park Codebreakers
2427:One anti-aircraft cruiser: HMS
2015:), and that she had obtained a
1969:When Cunningham won at Matapan
1802:and the aimless fire of one of
1121:, the Australian light cruiser
3073:. London: Chatham Publishing.
2294:Admiral Sir Andrew Cunningham
1972:By the grace of God and Dilly
1947:Director of Naval Intelligence
1158:. Allied warships attached to
1:
3026:Vice Admiral. (equivalent to
1128:, and the British destroyers
2875:Greene & Massignani 1998
2856:Sykes, Tom (24 April 2012).
2844:Greene & Massignani 1998
2795:Greene & Massignani 1998
2783:Greene & Massignani 1998
2703:Greene & Massignani 1998
2661:Greene & Massignani 1998
2642:Greene & Massignani 1998
2627:Greene & Massignani 1998
2563:East of Malta, West of Suez:
1936:to congratulate codebreaker
1779:anti-aircraft machine guns.
3090:Struggle for the Middle Sea
3088:O'Hara, Vincent P. (2009).
2581:East of Malta, West of Suez
1724:were destroyed in minutes.
296:Battle of the Mediterranean
40:Battle of the Mediterranean
3284:
3209:a video from British Pathé
3157:10.1177/026569148801800405
3145:European History Quarterly
2311:One aircraft carrier: HMS
1927:Bletchley Park (GC&CS)
1860:and the new light cruiser
18:
2990:. Routledge. p. 76.
2361:Four light cruisers: HMS
2315:(1 aircraft lost, 3 dead)
2226:1a Divisione Incrociatori
2176:3a Divisione Incrociatori
2130:8a Divisione Incrociatori
1759:, managed to escape in a
1650:. This squadron included
1618:Naval Air Squadrons from
1590:, and started a pursuit.
1226:, screened by destroyers
1044:, commanded by Commander
811:
788:
304:
234:
209:
178:
127:
56:
45:
37:
3108:"Battle of Cape Matapan"
2914:Stephen, Martin (1988).
2678:Storia Militare Magazine
2511:"Mavis Batey – obituary"
2398:Two light cruisers: HMS
1961:division to recover the
1739:Two Italian destroyers,
1538:at 09:38. They attacked
242:4 light cruisers damaged
2947:Pack, S. W. C. (1961).
2297:Three battleships: HMS
2217:Ammiraglio di divisione
2163:Ammiraglio di divisione
2117:Ammiraglio di divisione
1917:Battle of mid-June 1942
1050:14th Destroyer Flotilla
1022:10th Destroyer Flotilla
832:Peloponnesian peninsula
804:Battle of Cape Matapan
2408:Three destroyers: HMS
2379:Three destroyers: HMS
2288:2nd Destroyer Flotilla
2224:Three heavy cruisers (
2029:Frederick Winterbotham
2003:, had seduced Admiral
1993:Dilly's rodding method
1985:
1909:
1886:, the latter two in a
1845:Balance of naval power
1736:at 02:40 of 29 March.
1603:
1524:
1419:
984:force was the British
179:Commanders and leaders
33:Battle of Cape Matapan
3203:at Plancia di Comando
3192:at Plancia di Comando
3129:Regia Marina Italiana
3011:Squadron Vice Admiral
2986:Brown, David (2002).
2949:The Battle of Matapan
2318:Nine destroyers: HMS
2066:Ammiraglio di squadra
1728:sank at 23:30, while
1622:and two Swordfish of
1596:
1519:
1413:
1100:Henry Pridham-Wippell
1081:); also present were
960:had been replaced by
873:Squadron-Vice-Admiral
863:Sir Andrew Cunningham
859:Royal Australian Navy
812:Ναυμαχία του Ταινάρου
251:3 heavy cruisers sunk
235:Casualties and losses
100:35.35000°N 22.00000°E
2433:Two destroyers: HMS
1943:Admiral John Godfrey
1849:The naval historian
1815:Italian High Command
1098:, under Admiral Sir
924:reconnaissance plane
903:Italian naval Enigma
897:, a cryptanalyst at
255:1 battleship damaged
244:1 aircraft destroyed
3200:La notte di Matapan
3125:"Battle of Matapan"
2961:O'Hara, 2009, p. 97
2889:"Vincenzo Gioberti"
2754:"Battle of Matapan"
2443:One merchant ship:
949:Mediterranean Fleet
687:Strait of Bonifacio
257:1 destroyer damaged
96: /
3189:Battaglia di Gaudo
3123:De Angelis, Marc.
2877:, pp. 156–157
2846:, pp. 152–156
2785:, pp. 152–153
2752:Constable, Bruce.
2705:, pp. 151–152
2663:, pp. 150–151
2644:, pp. 148–150
2629:, pp. 157–159
2579:Admiralty (1943).
2517:. 13 November 2013
2192:Three destroyers (
2138:Giuseppe Garibaldi
2134:Duca degli Abruzzi
1997:H. Montgomery Hyde
1604:
1525:
1420:
1323:Giuseppe Garibaldi
215:1 aircraft carrier
105:35.35000; 22.00000
3268:March 1941 events
3223:Conflicts in 1941
3118:on 12 April 2011.
3099:978-1-59114-648-3
3040:DiGiulian, Tony.
3013:. (equivalent to
2741:. pp. 32–33.
2543:on 2 October 2012
2262:Vincenzo Gioberti
2243:Four destroyers (
2155:Nicoloso da Recco
2149:Emanuele Pessagno
2084:Four destroyers (
1892:battleships ready
1888:single engagement
1745:Salvatore Toscano
1508:on 16 June 1941.
1406:Action off Gavdos
1335:Nicoloso da Recco
1329:Emanuele Pessagno
1275:Vincenzo Gioberti
1147:. The Australian
933:, the battleship
797:
796:
261:
260:
253:2 destroyers sunk
192:Andrew Cunningham
123:
122:
79:Mediterranean Sea
52:Map of the battle
21:Battle of Matapan
3275:
3197:
3186:
3168:
3132:
3119:
3114:. Archived from
3103:
3084:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3037:
3031:
3024:
3018:
3008:
3002:
3001:
2983:
2977:
2971:
2962:
2959:
2953:
2952:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2921:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2884:
2878:
2872:
2866:
2865:
2853:
2847:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2819:
2810:
2804:
2798:
2792:
2786:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2730:
2721:
2720:
2717:Rivista Maritima
2712:
2706:
2700:
2694:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2673:
2664:
2658:
2645:
2639:
2630:
2624:
2607:
2606:
2594:
2585:
2584:
2576:
2570:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2482:
2285:
2250:Vittorio Alfieri
2166:Luigi Sansonetti
2142:Two destroyers (
2061:
2033:The Ultra Secret
2013:Washington, D.C.
1989:Second World War
1983:
1907:
1827:
1808:
1785:
1741:Vittorio Alfieri
1691:
1656:
1608:Fairey Swordfish
1491:
1484:
1474:
1422:On 28 March, an
1281:Vittorio Alfieri
1162:were available:
1154:had returned to
1048:, RAN), and the
953:aircraft carrier
853:), ships of the
820:Second World War
813:
397:Cape Spartivento
299:
297:
287:
280:
273:
264:
228:2 light cruisers
226:6 heavy cruisers
219:7 light cruisers
202:
201:
200:
190:
189:
188:
174:
170:
168:
167:
159:
155:
153:
152:
145:
141:
139:
138:
111:
110:
108:
107:
106:
101:
97:
94:
93:
92:
89:
64:27–29 March 1941
58:
57:
50:
30:
3283:
3282:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3213:
3212:
3195:
3184:
3175:
3142:
3139:
3137:Further reading
3122:
3106:
3100:
3087:
3081:
3068:
3065:
3060:
3050:
3048:
3039:
3038:
3034:
3025:
3021:
3009:
3005:
2998:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2972:
2965:
2960:
2956:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2934:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2898:
2896:
2886:
2885:
2881:
2873:
2869:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2842:
2838:
2828:
2826:
2821:
2820:
2813:
2805:
2801:
2793:
2789:
2781:
2777:
2767:
2765:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2732:
2731:
2724:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2701:
2697:
2689:
2685:
2675:
2674:
2667:
2659:
2648:
2640:
2633:
2625:
2610:
2596:
2595:
2588:
2578:
2577:
2573:
2560:
2556:
2546:
2544:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2520:
2518:
2515:Daily Telegraph
2509:
2508:
2504:
2497:
2484:
2483:
2460:
2456:
2279:
2256:Giosuè Carducci
2120:Antonio Legnani
2079:Vittorio Veneto
2055:
2050:
2048:Order of battle
1984:
1982:
1955:
1929:
1921:Vittorio Veneto
1908:
1905:
1847:
1842:
1825:
1823:Vittorio Veneto
1806:
1783:
1749:Giosuè Carducci
1689:
1683:
1675:Vittorio Veneto
1654:
1628:Vittorio Veneto
1588:Vittorio Veneto
1564:Vittorio Veneto
1540:Vittorio Veneto
1532:torpedo bombers
1529:Fairey Albacore
1521:Vittorio Veneto
1514:
1494:Vittorio Veneto
1489:
1482:
1472:
1470:Vittorio Veneto
1466:Vittorio Veneto
1431:Vittorio Veneto
1416:Vittorio Veneto
1414:The battleship
1408:
1399:Vittorio Veneto
1348:
1269:Giosuè Carducci
1223:Vittorio Veneto
1077:, commanded by
995:Queen Elizabeth
978:
976:Opposing forces
973:
891:
845:(GC&CS) at
800:
799:
798:
793:
791:
784:
780:U-boat Campaign
764:
300:
295:
293:
291:
256:
254:
252:
250:
248:
243:
241:
229:
227:
225:
220:
218:
216:
198:
196:
186:
184:
165:
163:
162:
150:
148:
147:
146:
136:
134:
133:
104:
102:
98:
95:
90:
87:
85:
83:
82:
81:
51:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3281:
3279:
3271:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3258:Bletchley Park
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3204:
3193:
3182:
3174:
3173:External links
3171:
3170:
3169:
3151:(4): 455–471.
3138:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3120:
3104:
3098:
3085:
3079:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3032:
3019:
3003:
2996:
2978:
2963:
2954:
2939:
2932:
2906:
2879:
2867:
2848:
2836:
2811:
2799:
2787:
2775:
2744:
2722:
2707:
2695:
2683:
2665:
2646:
2631:
2608:
2586:
2571:
2554:
2528:
2502:
2496:978-1849540780
2495:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2441:
2431:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2406:
2393:
2392:
2391:
2377:
2356:
2355:
2354:
2316:
2309:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2268:Alfredo Oriani
2241:
2220:Carlo Cattaneo
2214:
2213:
2212:
2190:
2172:heavy cruisers
2160:
2159:
2158:
2140:
2126:light cruisers
2114:
2113:
2112:
2082:
2069:Angelo Iachino
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
1980:
1954:
1951:
1934:Bletchley Park
1928:
1925:
1903:
1851:Vincent O'Hara
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1682:
1679:
1545:Junkers Ju 88s
1513:
1510:
1478:An officer on
1407:
1404:
1347:
1344:
1263:Alfredo Oriani
1181:waited in the
977:
974:
972:
969:
915:light cruisers
899:Bletchley Park
890:
887:
876:Angelo Iachino
847:Bletchley Park
795:
794:
789:
786:
785:
783:
782:
777:
776:
775:
768:Allied convoys
763:
762:
750:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
718:
717:
714:Cape Bougaroun
711:
710:
709:
704:
699:
689:
684:
679:
676:Messina convoy
673:
665:
660:
653:
648:
640:
632:
621:
620:
614:
606:
600:
592:
587:
579:
570:
563:
555:
547:
539:
532:
524:
516:
504:
503:
498:
492:
486:
478:
470:
465:
457:
451:
445:
438:
433:
426:
419:
413:
401:
400:
394:
386:
380:
373:
365:
359:
351:
346:
340:
335:
329:
323:
316:
305:
302:
301:
292:
290:
289:
282:
275:
267:
259:
258:
249:1,015 captured
245:
237:
236:
232:
231:
222:
212:
211:
207:
206:
204:Angelo Iachino
194:
181:
180:
176:
175:
160:
143:United Kingdom
130:
129:
125:
124:
121:
120:
119:Allied victory
117:
113:
112:
72:
70:
66:
65:
62:
54:
53:
43:
42:
35:
34:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3280:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3263:Night battles
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3228:1941 in Italy
3226:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3130:
3126:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3095:
3091:
3086:
3082:
3080:1-86176-057-4
3076:
3072:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3047:
3043:
3036:
3033:
3029:
3023:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3007:
3004:
2999:
2997:0-7146-5205-9
2993:
2989:
2982:
2979:
2975:
2970:
2968:
2964:
2958:
2955:
2950:
2943:
2940:
2935:
2933:0-87021-556-6
2929:
2925:
2920:
2919:
2910:
2907:
2894:
2890:
2883:
2880:
2876:
2871:
2868:
2863:
2859:
2852:
2849:
2845:
2840:
2837:
2824:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2803:
2800:
2797:, p. 153
2796:
2791:
2788:
2784:
2779:
2776:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2748:
2745:
2740:
2736:
2729:
2727:
2723:
2719:(in Italian).
2718:
2711:
2708:
2704:
2699:
2696:
2692:
2687:
2684:
2679:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2604:
2600:
2593:
2591:
2587:
2582:
2575:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2558:
2555:
2542:
2538:
2532:
2529:
2516:
2512:
2506:
2503:
2498:
2492:
2488:
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2479:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2453:
2446:
2442:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2314:
2310:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2284:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2263:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2150:
2145:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2098:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2052:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2009:naval attaché
2007:(the Italian
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1939:
1935:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1913:fall of Crete
1902:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1884:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1858:
1852:
1844:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1710:Prince Philip
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1688:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1653:
1649:
1644:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1601:
1600:
1595:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1549:Fairey Fulmar
1546:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1530:
1522:
1518:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1488:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1425:
1417:
1412:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1330:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1318:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1276:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1252:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1218:
1217:were nearby.
1216:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1190:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1167:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1107:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1086:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1057:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1029:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1006:
1001:
998:
996:
991:
987:
986:Mediterranean
983:
975:
970:
968:
966:
965:
959:
958:
954:
950:
946:
941:
939:
938:
932:
927:
925:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
888:
886:
884:
883:
877:
874:
870:
869:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
839:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
809:
805:
787:
781:
778:
774:
773:Malta convoys
771:
770:
769:
766:
765:
760:
757:
756:
755:
754:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
724:
723:
722:
715:
712:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
694:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
670:
666:
664:
661:
659:
658:
654:
652:
649:
646:
645:
641:
638:
637:
633:
631:
628:
627:
626:
625:
618:
615:
612:
611:
607:
604:
601:
598:
597:
593:
591:
588:
585:
584:
580:
578:
577:
576:
571:
569:
568:
564:
561:
560:
556:
553:
552:
548:
545:
544:
540:
538:
537:
533:
530:
529:
525:
522:
521:
517:
514:
511:
510:
509:
508:
502:
499:
496:
493:
490:
487:
484:
483:
479:
476:
475:
471:
469:
468:Grand Harbour
466:
463:
462:
458:
455:
452:
449:
446:
444:
443:
439:
437:
434:
432:
431:
427:
425:
424:
420:
417:
414:
411:
408:
407:
406:
405:
398:
395:
392:
391:
387:
384:
381:
379:
378:
374:
371:
370:
366:
363:
360:
357:
356:
352:
350:
347:
344:
341:
339:
338:Mers-el-Kébir
336:
333:
330:
327:
324:
322:
321:
317:
315:
314:
310:
309:
308:
303:
298:
288:
283:
281:
276:
274:
269:
268:
265:
246:
239:
238:
233:
230:13 destroyers
223:
221:17 destroyers
217:3 battleships
214:
213:
208:
205:
195:
193:
183:
182:
177:
173:
161:
158:
144:
132:
131:
126:
118:
115:
114:
109:
80:
76:
71:
68:
67:
63:
60:
59:
55:
49:
44:
41:
36:
31:
26:
22:
3199:
3196:(in Italian)
3188:
3185:(in Italian)
3148:
3144:
3128:
3116:the original
3111:
3089:
3070:
3049:. Retrieved
3045:
3035:
3028:Rear Admiral
3022:
3015:Vice Admiral
3006:
2987:
2981:
2976:, p. 98
2957:
2948:
2942:
2917:
2909:
2897:. Retrieved
2895:(in Italian)
2892:
2882:
2870:
2861:
2851:
2839:
2827:. Retrieved
2809:, p. 91
2802:
2790:
2778:
2766:. Retrieved
2757:
2747:
2738:
2716:
2710:
2698:
2693:, p. 89
2686:
2677:
2602:
2580:
2574:
2567:Formidable's
2566:
2562:
2557:
2545:. Retrieved
2541:the original
2531:
2519:. Retrieved
2514:
2505:
2486:
2444:
2438:
2434:
2428:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2403:
2399:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2374:
2370:
2366:
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2327:
2323:
2319:
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2306:
2302:
2298:
2280:
2267:
2261:
2255:
2249:
2244:
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2216:
2208:
2203:
2198:
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2187:
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2179:
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2162:
2154:
2148:
2143:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2116:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2090:
2085:
2078:
2065:
2056:
2036:
2032:
2024:
2005:Alberto Lais
2001:Betty Thorpe
1986:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1962:
1958:
1956:
1930:
1920:
1910:
1900:
1896:
1882:
1876:
1870:
1865:
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1856:
1848:
1833:
1829:
1822:
1818:
1811:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1780:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1761:smoke screen
1756:
1752:
1748:
1740:
1738:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1686:
1684:
1681:Night action
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1659:sister ships
1651:
1647:
1645:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1619:
1605:
1598:
1587:
1570:(4,100
1563:
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1526:
1520:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1486:
1479:
1477:
1469:
1465:
1463:
1458:
1455:rangefinding
1450:
1446:
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1434:
1430:
1429:launched by
1421:
1415:
1398:
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1379:
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1213:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1185:Channel and
1177:
1171:
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1137:
1131:
1124:
1117:
1111:
1105:
1090:
1084:
1073:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1046:"Hec" Waller
1040:
1033:
1027:
1016:
1010:
1004:
994:
989:
979:
963:
956:
942:
936:
928:
892:
879:
868:Regia Marina
866:
840:
828:Cape Matapan
822:between the
816:naval battle
803:
801:
759:Ligurian Sea
752:
751:
720:
719:
668:
656:
643:
635:
623:
622:
609:
595:
582:
574:
572:
566:
558:
550:
542:
535:
527:
519:
506:
505:
481:
473:
460:
441:
440:
429:
422:
416:Convoy AN 14
403:
402:
389:
376:
368:
362:Cape Passero
354:
319:
312:
306:
247:2,300 killed
224:1 battleship
128:Belligerents
75:Cape Matapan
38:Part of the
25:
2974:O'Hara 2009
2862:Daily Beast
2807:O'Hara 2009
2691:O'Hara 2009
2603:History Net
2521:14 November
2447:(Norwegian)
2429:Bonaventure
2265:(damaged),
2204:Carabiniere
2097:Bersagliere
1883:Dorsetshire
1862:Bonaventure
1512:Air attacks
1390:flying boat
1312:Carabiniere
1232:Bersagliere
1207:Bonaventure
1079:Philip Mack
1000:battleships
957:Illustrious
895:Mavis Batey
818:during the
651:Pantelleria
103: /
3217:Categories
3112:Royal Navy
3063:References
2445:Thermopylæ
2367:Gloucester
2313:Formidable
2290:, Force D
2209:Corazziere
2109:Granatiere
2075:battleship
1938:Dilly Knox
1685:At 20:15,
1620:Formidable
1582:; 22
1536:Formidable
1499:Gloucester
1459:Gloucester
1427:floatplane
1424:IMAM Ro.43
1394:Formidable
1387:Sunderland
1368:Formidable
1356:Gloucester
1308:Corazziere
1240:Granatiere
1212:HMAS
1156:Alexandria
1149:HMAS
1123:HMAS
1112:Gloucester
1039:HMAS
992:and three
990:Formidable
964:Formidable
919:destroyers
907:battleship
889:Background
880:Battle of
855:Royal Navy
692:Dodecanese
644:Campobasso
596:Portcullis
501:Alexandria
430:Abstention
349:Cape Spada
91:22°00′00″E
88:35°21′00″N
3165:143162826
2768:7 October
2547:13 August
2416:and HMAS
2373:and HMAS
2350:and HMAS
2320:Greyhound
2103:Fuciliere
2081:(damaged)
2044:traffic.
2038:Luftwaffe
1840:Aftermath
1771:. Towing
1769:Greyhound
1578:(35
1568:long tons
1534:from HMS
1236:Fuciliere
1187:HMS
1164:HMS
1130:HMS
1104:HMS
1083:HMS
1054:HMS
1028:Greyhound
1026:HMS
962:HMS
935:HMS
747:La Ciotat
742:Port Cros
732:Santorini
567:Agreement
513:2nd Sirte
495:1st Sirte
461:Substance
436:Souda Bay
157:Australia
3046:NavWeaps
2829:17 April
2762:Archived
2410:Defender
2404:Carlisle
2400:Calcutta
2385:Hereward
2307:Warspite
2259:(sunk),
2253:(sunk),
2236:(sunk),
2232:(sunk),
2017:codebook
1981:—
1953:Post war
1904:—
1877:Cornwall
1819:Gradisca
1800:Gioberti
1753:Gioberti
1706:Warspite
1506:magazine
1475:s guns.
1372:Warspite
1340:Brindisi
1201:Calcutta
1195:Carlisle
1166:Defender
1151:Vendetta
1138:Hereward
1017:Warspite
937:Warspite
931:flagship
913:and two
814:) was a
583:Stoneage
559:Pedestal
551:Vigorous
520:Calendar
482:Duisburg
393: ¹
343:Calabria
326:Club Run
240:3 killed
210:Strength
69:Location
3051:19 July
3030:for RN)
3017:for RN)
2418:Vampire
2344:Hotspur
2324:Griffin
2303:Valiant
2188:Trieste
2180:Bolzano
2023:series
1906:Iachino
1765:Griffin
1714:Valiant
1712:aboard
1702:Valiant
1599:Bolzano
1553:Taranto
1451:Bolzano
1443:Trieste
1380:Valiant
1338:) from
1299:Bolzano
1287:Trieste
1214:Vampire
1183:Kithira
1160:convoys
1096:Force B
1085:Hotspur
1034:Griffin
1011:Valiant
971:Prelude
917:, plus
630:Zuwarah
617:Algiers
610:Olterra
543:Harpoon
536:Albumen
474:Halberd
442:Matapan
383:Otranto
377:Taranto
3163:
3096:
3077:
2994:
2930:
2899:7 June
2493:
2414:Jaguar
2352:Stuart
2348:Havock
2340:Nubian
2336:Mohawk
2328:Jervis
2305:, and
2299:Barham
2277:Allies
2240:(sunk)
2199:Ascari
2184:Trento
2170:Three
2091:Alpino
2042:Enigma
1945:, the
1871:Exeter
1796:Oriani
1792:Nubian
1788:Jervis
1757:Oriani
1747:) and
1734:Jervis
1704:, and
1698:Barham
1447:Trento
1439:Gavdos
1435:Trento
1376:Barham
1346:Battle
1310:, and
1304:Ascari
1296:, and
1293:Trento
1278:, and
1254:, and
1238:, and
1228:Alpino
1204:, and
1175:, and
1172:Jaguar
1141:, and
1115:, and
1091:Havock
1074:Nubian
1071:, and
1068:Mohawk
1056:Jervis
1041:Stuart
1037:, and
1014:, and
1005:Barham
997:-class
982:Allied
909:, six
871:under
836:Greece
824:Allies
697:Rhodes
682:Bastia
669:Scylla
657:Sicily
603:Skerki
590:Toulon
528:Bowery
448:Tarigo
410:Excess
332:Espero
169:
154:
140:
116:Result
3161:S2CID
2924:65–67
2454:Notes
2435:Decoy
2381:Hasty
2375:Perth
2371:Orion
2332:Janus
2230:Fiume
2053:Italy
1834:Fiume
1826:'
1807:'
1784:'
1777:Breda
1726:Fiume
1718:Fiume
1690:'
1687:Orion
1667:Fiume
1655:'
1636:Fiume
1576:knots
1490:'
1487:Orion
1483:'
1480:Orion
1473:'
1364:Perth
1360:Orion
1251:Fiume
1189:Decoy
1132:Hasty
1125:Perth
1118:Orion
1062:Janus
911:heavy
882:Gaudo
851:Ultra
808:Greek
702:Leros
636:Cigno
575:Torch
454:Crete
423:Genoa
390:White
355:Hurry
320:Malta
172:Italy
3094:ISBN
3075:ISBN
3053:2018
2992:ISBN
2928:ISBN
2901:2018
2831:2021
2770:2012
2739:Life
2549:2012
2523:2013
2491:ISBN
2439:Juno
2437:and
2412:and
2402:and
2389:Ilex
2387:and
2369:and
2363:Ajax
2346:and
2238:Zara
2234:Pola
2124:Two
2073:One
2025:Spy!
1963:Pola
1959:Zara
1880:and
1866:York
1857:York
1832:and
1830:Zara
1804:Zara
1798:and
1790:and
1781:Pola
1773:Pola
1767:and
1755:and
1730:Zara
1722:Zara
1720:and
1694:Pola
1671:Pola
1665:and
1663:Zara
1652:Pola
1648:Pola
1640:Pola
1632:Pola
1614:and
1580:km/h
1504:Life
1378:and
1362:and
1352:Ajax
1332:and
1320:and
1257:Pola
1245:Zara
1210:and
1178:Juno
1144:Ilex
1106:Ajax
1088:and
1031:and
980:The
945:Axis
857:and
802:The
753:1945
737:Symi
721:1944
663:Gela
624:1943
507:1942
404:1941
313:Vado
307:1940
73:Off
61:Date
3153:doi
2247:):
2228:):
2196:):
2178:):
2146:):
2132:):
2088:):
2031:in
2021:BBC
2011:in
1624:815
1616:828
1612:826
1610:of
1584:mph
1560:DSO
834:of
727:Ist
707:Kos
489:Bon
369:MB8
3219::
3159:.
3149:18
3147:.
3127:.
3110:.
3044:.
2966:^
2926:.
2891:.
2860:.
2814:^
2760:.
2756:.
2737:.
2725:^
2668:^
2649:^
2634:^
2611:^
2601:.
2589:^
2513:.
2461:^
2383:,
2365:,
2342:,
2338:,
2334:,
2330:,
2326:,
2322:,
2301:,
2206:,
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2186:,
2182:,
2152:,
2136:,
2106:,
2100:,
2094:,
2077::
1874:,
1868:,
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1661:,
1657:s
1555:.
1374:,
1370:,
1358:,
1354:,
1306:,
1290:,
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1234:,
1230:,
1198:,
1192:,
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1109:,
1094:.
1065:,
1059:,
1008:,
1002:,
967:.
926:.
885:.
838:.
810::
497:¹²
345:¹²
334:¹²
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