39:
273:
882:
280:
815:
On 17 October 1452, the Earl of
Shrewsbury landed near Bordeaux with a force of 3,000 men. A feared and famous military leader, Talbot was rumoured to be seventy-five or eighty years old, but it is more likely that he was around sixty-six at the time. With the cooperation of the townspeople, Talbot
933:
in "reverse". The French guns obliterated the advancing soldiers, with each shot reportedly killing six men at a time. Talbot's reinforcements continued to arrive at the battle, only to suffer the same fate in their turn. Despite the odds against the
English, the battle lasted over an hour until a
917:
suggests this seemingly reckless behaviour from Talbot may be due to the fact that his "pride and honour were at stake for he had already ordered his men to battle when he discovered the strength of the French position". The only
Englishman who remained mounted in the battle, he also did not wear
974:
With Talbot's death and the destruction of his army, English authority in
Gascony eroded and the French retook Bordeaux on 19 October. It was not apparent to either side that the period of conflict was over. In hindsight, the battle marks a decisive turning point in history, and is cited as the
754:, believing that the enemy was retreating, led his army in an attack on a fortified French encampment without waiting for reinforcements. Talbot then refused to withdraw even after realizing the strength of the French position, causing his men to suffer severe casualties from the French
870:. The following day, this force defeated a small French detachment of archers stationed at a priory near Castillon. Despite earlier plans to wait for reinforcements, Talbot pressed his men onward to the French camp, believing the rest of his men would arrive soon.
836:. The French laid siege to Castillon (approximately 40 kilometres (25 mi) east of Bordeaux) on 8 July. Talbot acceded to the pleas of the town leaders, abandoning his original plan to wait at Bordeaux for more reinforcements, and set out to relieve the garrison.
956:, and both Talbot and his son were killed. There is some debate over the circumstances of Talbot's death, but it appears that his horse was killed by a cannon shot, and its mass pinning him down, a French archer in turn killed him with an axe.
905:
Along with the morale boost of victory at the priory, Talbot also pushed forward because of reports that the French were retreating. However, the cloud of dust leaving the camp which the townsmen indicated as a retreat was in fact created by
847:, the park "consisted of a deep trench with a wall of earth behind it which was strengthened by tree-trunks; its most remarkable feature was the irregular, wavy line of the ditch and earthwork, which enabled the guns to
295:
816:
easily took the city on 23 October. The
English subsequently took control over most of western Gascony by the end of the year. The French had known an English expedition was coming, but had expected it to come through
272:
929:, the battle itself was "highly characteristic of the period" with the strong field fortification of the French and the small-arms fighting of the battle. In many ways, this battle played out like the
330:
913:
The
English advanced but soon ran into the full force of the French army. Despite being outnumbered and in a vulnerable position, Talbot ordered his men to continue fighting. Historian
437:
989:
in
England. Some have speculated that learning of the defeat at Castillon led to his mental collapse. The English Crown lost all its continental possessions except for the
843:
laid out the camp to maximize French artillery strength. In a defensive setup, Bureau's forces built an artillery park out of range from
Castillon's guns. According to
1669:
323:
1684:
1664:
959:
The survivors of the clash as well as the remnant of the Anglo-Gascon force which had not been thrown into the battle, totalling up to 5,000 men, including
316:
38:
430:
971:
The day after the battle, Jean Bureau besieged the castle with his artillery, and the defenders surrendered on 19 July, becoming prisoners of war.
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832:
with three separate armies, all headed for
Bordeaux. Talbot received 3,000 additional men, reinforcements led by his fourth and favourite son,
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1036:, in July 1454. Montferrand was one of only a few nobles known to have been executed for treason during the reign of Charles VII.
960:
800:, the Hundred Years' War appeared to be at an end. The English primarily focused on reinforcing their only remaining possession,
221:
1631:
833:
209:
488:
1636:
975:
endpoint of the period known as the
Hundred Years' War. This was a major European battle won through the extensive use of
886:
493:
364:
1674:
1607:
English Gascony, 1399–1453: A Study of War, Government, and Politics during the Later Stages of the Hundred Years' War
1028:
where he was tried by a commission. Having been found guilty he was beheaded and quartered, possibly on the orders of
619:
820:. After this surprise, Charles prepared his forces over the winter, and by early 1453 he was ready to counterattack.
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1679:
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rule, the citizens of Bordeaux considered themselves as subjects of the English monarch and sent messengers to
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and thus of the Kingdom of France. Calais was lost in 1558. The Channel Islands have remained British
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any attackers". The park included up to 300 guns of various sizes, and was protected by a ditch and
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began the final stage of the Hundred Years' War. This period from 1420 to 1453 is characterized by
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1024:. While returning to France after being exiled in England, Montferrand was arrested and taken to
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The Age of Wars of Religion, 1000–1650: An Encyclopedia of Global Warfare and Civilization
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armour due to previous agreements with the French when he was released from captivity in
1470:
Grummitt, David (2010). "Castillon, Siege and Battle of". In Rogers, Clifford J. (ed.).
990:
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Talbot left Bordeaux on 16 July. He outdistanced a majority of his forces, arriving at
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634:
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510:
1648:
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The battle led to the English losing nearly all their holdings in France, especially
1006:
914:
881:
1579:
Society at War: The Experience of England and France During the Hundred Years War
1561:
1529:
Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval families. Reprint edition
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840:
184:
1591:
Burne, A. H. "The Battle of Castillon, 1453: the end of the Hundred Years War"
786:
308:
101:
88:
755:
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The French army was commanded by committee; Charles VII's ordnance officer
773:
for the previous three centuries. Political instability ensued in England.
789:
as the "wars of the Treaty of Troyes" for control of the crown of France.
1033:
1025:
1005:
to the present day, though they were subject to German occupation during
919:
859:
852:
817:
793:
758:. Castillon was a major European battle won through the extensive use of
985:
lost his mental capacity in late 1453, which led to the outbreak of the
885:
Painting depicting the Battle of Castillon (1453) by the French painter
938:
867:
829:
766:
743:
1493:
Nolan, Cathal J., ed. (2006). "Castillon, Battle of (July 17, 1453)".
1626:
1614:
Knights and Peasants: The Hundred Years War in the French Countryside
801:
993:, which was the last English possession in mainland France, and the
855:
on three sides and a steep bank of the River Lidoire on the fourth.
1487:
European Medieval Tactics (2): New Infantry, New Weapons, 1260–1500
1472:
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology
880:
1586:
The Hundred Years War: England and France at war, c. 1300–c. 1450
953:
901:
at right is falling from his wounded horse, leading to his death
419:
312:
1425:
The Law of Treason and Treason Trials in Later Medieval France
299:
Location within current region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France.
1016:, husband of Mary Plantagenet, illegitimate daughter of the
804:, and watching over the seas. After three hundred years of
1527:
Richardson, Douglas (2004). Everingham, Kimball G. (ed.).
1152:
1150:
1547:
The Hundred Years War: The English in France, 1337–1453
750:). On the day of the battle, the English commander,
1523:. Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press, Inc.
1637:A contemporary newsletter describing the battle
1563:Chronique de Charles VII, roi de France, Tome 3
746:near the town of Castillon-sur-Dordogne (later
23:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1232:
1230:
1012:A casualty after the battle of Castillon was
431:
324:
279:
8:
1521:John Talbot and the War in France, 1427–1453
1497:. Vol. 1. Greenwood Press. p. 119.
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
963:, sought refuge in the castle of Castillon.
262:The rest of the army surrenders the next day
1632:Castillon from French medieval history page
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812:demanding that he recapture the province.
438:
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331:
317:
309:
20:
1504:The Hundred Years War: A People's History
1427:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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1080:
1513:A Short History of the Hundred Years War
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1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
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1581:. New York: Harper & Row Publishers
1474:. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press.
1044:
226:
1670:Military history of Nouvelle-Aquitaine
1531:. Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Pub Co.
16:1453 battle between France and England
1554:Encyclopedia of the Hundred Years War
1373:
1361:
1117:
769:, which had been a possession of the
7:
742:which took place on 17 July 1453 in
752:John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury
734:was a battle between the forces of
360:Second War of Scottish Independence
14:
1665:Battles of the Hundred Years' War
1600:The Hundred Years' War, 1337–1453
792:After the 1451 French capture of
1556:. Westport, CN: Greenwood Press.
1448:. New York: Dover Publications.
961:John de Foix, 1st Earl of Kendal
278:
271:
47:at the battle of Castillon from
37:
1419:. New York: St. Martin's Press.
952:The battle ended in an English
198:John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury
45:John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury
662:Normandy campaign of 1449–1450
1:
1685:Hundred Years' War, 1415–1453
949:, sending them into retreat.
910:departing before the battle.
451:Lancastrian phase (1415–1453)
1588:. New York: Cambridge Press.
1577:Allmand, C. T., ed. (1973).
1489:. Botley: Osprey Publishing.
694:Gascon campaign of 1450–1453
400:Armagnac–Burgundian conflict
365:War of the Breton Succession
222:John de Foix, Earl of Kendal
1511:Prestwich, Michael (2017).
1442:Eggenberger, David (1985).
997:, historically part of the
945:, crashed into their right
210:John Talbot, Viscount Lisle
1708:
1612:Wright, Nicholas. (1998).
1595:(Apr 1953) 3#4 pp 249–256.
1482:. San Diego: Lucent Books.
1445:An Encyclopedia of Battles
943:Peter II, Duke of Brittany
887:Charles-Philippe Larivière
781:The breakdown of the 1420
1609:. New York: Oxford Press.
1545:Seward, Desmond. (1978).
1478:Lace, William W. (1994).
1343:Pollard 1983, pp. 137–138
1268:Pollard 1983, pp. 137–138
459:
350:
266:
251:
234:
178:
139:
59:
36:
28:
1552:Wagner, John A. (2006).
1515:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
1506:. Yale University Press.
1485:Nicolle, David. (2012).
1394:Cutler 1981, pp. 205–206
1316:Seward 1978, pp. 261–262
1014:Pierre II de Montferrand
862:by sunset with only 500
834:John, the Viscount Lisle
260:4,000 killed or captured
1605:Vale, M. G. A. (1970).
1584:Allmand, C. T. (1988).
1566:. Paris: Pierre Jannet.
1560:Chartier, Jean (1858).
1519:Pollard, A. J. (1983).
1403:Richardson 2004, p. 550
1352:Curry 1993, pp. 115–116
1259:Seward 1978, pp. 259–60
1020:and a granddaughter of
593:Saint-Pierre-le-Moûtier
49:Vigilles de Charles VII
1602:. New York: Routledge.
1480:The Hundred Years' War
902:
179:Commanders and leaders
1598:Curry, Anne. (2003).
1549:. New York: Atheneum.
1502:Green, David (2014).
1417:The Hundred Years War
1415:Curry, Anne. (1993).
891:Galerie des Batailles
884:
748:Castillon-la-Bataille
375:War of the Two Peters
287:Castillon-la-Bataille
257:100 killed or wounded
252:Casualties and losses
77:Castillon-la-Bataille
1423:Cutler, S.H (1981).
1277:Pollard 1983, p. 139
1250:Pollard 1983, p. 137
1236:Pollard 1983, p. 136
1195:Pollard 1983, p. 135
895:Palace of Versailles
296:class=notpageimage|
193:Jacques de Chabannes
102:44.85167°N 0.01889°W
1616:. Suffolk: Boydell.
1334:Seward 1978, p. 262
1298:Seward 1978, p. 261
1289:Nicolle 2012, p. 52
1224:Pollard 1983, p. 1,
1215:Seward 1978, p. 159
1168:Wagner 2006, p. 127
1108:Seward 1978, p. 260
1022:Henry IV of England
983:Henry VI of England
810:Henry VI of England
732:Battle of Castillon
385:Despenser's Crusade
370:Castilian Civil War
98: /
24:Battle of Castillon
1675:History of Gironde
1385:Curry 1993, p. 120
1186:Curry 1993, p. 115
1177:Curry 1993, p. 155
1084:Wagner 2006, p. 79
1003:Crown Dependencies
903:
447:Hundred Years' War
342:Hundred Years' War
165:Kingdom of England
128:Hundred Years’ War
107:44.85167; -0.01889
53:Martial d'Auvergne
31:Hundred Years' War
1680:Conflicts in 1453
999:Duchy of Normandy
987:Wars of the Roses
796:by the armies of
771:Plantagenet kings
727:
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395:Glyndŵr rebellion
307:
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154:Duchy of Brittany
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1052:Grummitt 2010
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925:According to
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242:1,000 Bretons
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43:The death of
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1459:. Retrieved
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1007:World War II
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915:A.J. Pollard
912:
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719:2nd Bordeaux
713:
704:1st Bordeaux
247:5,000–10,000
215:
203:
140:Belligerents
121:
67:17 July 1453
48:
29:Part of the
18:
1640:(in French)
1030:Charles VII
899:John Talbot
864:men-at-arms
841:Jean Bureau
806:Plantagenet
798:Charles VII
699:Blanquefort
240:7,000–9,000
185:Jean Bureau
126:End of the
105: /
1649:Categories
1410:References
1374:Green 2014
1362:Nolan 2006
1118:Nolan 2006
787:Anne Curry
777:Background
598:La Charité
1627:Spectacle
967:Aftermath
756:artillery
714:Castillon
709:Martignas
688:1450–1453
682:Cherbourg
656:1449–1450
620:St. Denis
609:1435–1444
603:Compiègne
573:Beaugency
542:1428–1430
536:Montargis
531:St. James
500:1421–1428
474:Agincourt
463:1415–1420
90:44°51′6″N
1034:Poitiers
1026:Poitiers
920:Normandy
860:Libourne
853:palisade
849:enfilade
818:Normandy
794:Bordeaux
672:2nd Caen
667:Formigny
640:Pontoise
615:Gerberoy
553:Herrings
526:Verneuil
484:1st Caen
469:Harfleur
244:300 guns
235:Strength
189:Peter II
72:Location
1690:Gascony
939:cavalry
868:archers
830:Guyenne
824:Prelude
767:Gascony
744:Gascony
736:England
677:Falaise
563:Jargeau
548:Orléans
516:Cravant
479:Valmont
224: (
216:†
204:†
93:0°1′8″W
1535:
1461:7 July
1452:
1431:
936:Breton
877:Battle
802:Calais
740:France
650:Dieppe
645:Tartas
630:Calais
212:
200:
118:Result
55:(1484)
1040:Notes
1032:, at
947:flank
635:Creil
625:Paris
588:Paris
583:Reims
578:Patay
558:Loire
511:Meaux
506:Baugé
489:Rouen
1533:ISBN
1463:2022
1450:ISBN
1429:ISBN
954:rout
738:and
730:The
64:Date
897:).
227:POW
51:by
1651::
1282:^
1241:^
1229:^
1200:^
1149:^
1089:^
1059:^
1009:.
979:.
922:.
893:,
762:.
79:,
1541:.
1465:.
1437:.
439:e
432:t
425:v
332:e
325:t
318:v
230:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
