164:
45:
149:
538:
476:
597:
677:. Historian Bruce A. Elleman wrote, "the origin of this battle was not even between the British and the Chinese, but was really as a result of the British Navy fighting to stop one of Elliot's own British ships that had refused to uphold his free-trade principles. The 'Battle of Chuanbi,' perhaps more than any other conflict during the Opium War, vividly revealed the underlying free-trade tensions."
604:
Smith wrote, "I did not conceive that it would be becoming the dignity of our flag, the safety of the merchant shipping below, and my own character, to retire before such an imposing force, sent out at that moment evidently for the purpose of intimidation." According to a
Chinese account by
464:, Chief Superintendent of British Trade in China, ordered British ships not to sign the bond because if opium was found, the cargo would be confiscated and the perpetrators executed. This in turn interfered with the trade of British merchantmen in China. In October 1839 a cargo ship, the
636:
broadsides. The stationary guns on the
Chinese vessels could not be aimed effectively. One junk was blown up, three were sunk, and several others were damaged. Faced with superior firepower, the Chinese fleet sailed away except for Kuan's 12-cannon
609:, "five of our war-ships went to preserve order on the sea-board" and "the English mistook our red flags for a declaration of war, and opened fire;—for in Europe a red flag means war, and a white one peace."
472:, and, since the captain was not trading opium, he defied Elliot's request and signed the Chinese bond. He held a legal view that Elliot's ban on the signing was not valid under English law.
499:
271:
154:
264:
876:
494:
in which he disapproved the use of opium and requested the opium trade to stop. After arriving in London, he handed the letter to a co-owner of the
861:
871:
641:, which returned fire. Since it posed a minimal threat, Elliot ordered Smith to stop firing, allowing the damaged flagship to sail off. The
257:
585:. After Elliot gave in to Smith's pressure for an attack, the more maneuverable British ships approached the Chinese vessels and fired
808:
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881:
340:
92:
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866:
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421:) was a relatively minor naval engagement fought between British and Chinese ships at the entrance of the
310:
460:(Guangzhou) for trade, Chinese authorities required a signed bond agreeing not to trade opium. Captain
661:
was hit by a 12-pound (5.4 kg) ball. One
British sailor was wounded and 15 Chinese were killed.
621:
512:
468:
under the command of captain Warner arrived in Canton from
Singapore. The ship carried cotton from
435:
390:
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It is named after
Chuenpi island (also known as Chuanbi), one of two islands in Humen.
355:
187:
850:
596:
578:
200:
175:
654:
617:
574:
58:
505:. After Palmerston's office refused to see him, Warner forwarded the letter to
107:
94:
822:
The Annual
Register, or a View of the History and Politics, of the Year 1840
613:
590:
507:
457:
426:
85:
733:
wrote
Chuenpee for what some have written Chuenpi and is called Chuanbi in
801:
The Opium Wars: The
Addiction of One Empire and the Corruption of Another
638:
606:
487:
196:
650:
734:
469:
529:
on 27 October to blockade any other
British ships bound for Canton.
474:
422:
249:
81:
719:
The Taking of Hong Kong: Charles and Clara Elliot in China Waters
646:
253:
445:
opened fire on
Chinese ships they perceived as being hostile.
429:
province, China, on 3 November 1839 near the beginning of the
525:
to be positioned 1 mile (1.6 km) south of the Chuenpi
600:
Depiction of the battle by Captain Peter William Hamilton
558:, tried to defy Elliot's blockade on 3 November 1839,
698:
The India-China Opium Trade in the Nineteenth Century
825:. London: J. G. F. & J. Rivington. 1841. p. 571.
632:turned and repeated the same maneuver using their
433:. The battle began when the British frigates HMS
803:. Naperville, Illinois: Sourcebooks. pp. 68–70.
700:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. p. 120.
486:Before Warner left China, Imperial Commissioner
29:
799:Hanes, William Travis; Sanello, Frank (2002).
265:
8:
721:. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press. p. xviii.
780:Additional Correspondence Relating to China
673:sailed on to Canton and Elliot returned to
456:For foreign ships to be allowed to dock in
272:
258:
250:
26:
840:. Shanghai: Kelly & Walsh. pp. 10–11.
753:
751:
749:
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783:. London: T. R. Harrison. 1840. pp. 8–9.
595:
536:
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692:
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717:Hoe, Susanna; Roebuck, Derek (1999).
624:was struck. After the first run, the
7:
498:, who asked for an appointment with
14:
759:Modern Chinese Warfare, 1795-1989
837:Chinese Account of the Opium War
761:. London: Routledge. pp. 18–20.
573:s bow. In response, Chinese war
566:fired a warning shot across the
162:
147:
43:
877:Naval battles of the Opium Wars
490:gave him a letter addressed to
862:Battles of the First Opium War
834:Parker, Edward Harper (1888).
645:sustained light damage on its
418:
128:
1:
872:Military history of Guangdong
552:After a second British ship,
616:immediately sank, and a war
244:several other junks damaged
898:
757:Elleman, Bruce A. (2001).
169:British East India Company
15:
291:
231:1 Frigate lightly damaged
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206:
181:
138:
64:
42:
34:
16:For the 1841 battle, see
18:Second Battle of Chuenpi
411:First Battle of Chuenpi
233:1 Sloop lightly damaged
30:First Battle of Chuenpi
601:
549:
483:
182:Commanders and leaders
599:
581:moved out to protect
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224:Casualties and losses
57:engaging Chinese war
882:November 1839 events
696:Janin, Hunt (1999).
620:exploded after its
104: /
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108:22.802°N 113.605°E
867:Conflicts in 1839
500:Foreign Secretary
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238:1 fire raft sunk
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579:Guan Tianpei
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242:3 junks sunk
201:Guan Tianpei
176:Qing dynasty
144:
139:Belligerents
54:
50:
35:Part of the
22:
671:Royal Saxon
655:mizzen-mast
583:Royal Saxon
568:Royal Saxon
564:Henry Smith
555:Royal Saxon
316:2nd Chuenpi
301:1st Chuenpi
192:Henry Smith
111: /
99:113°36′18″E
851:Categories
681:References
653:, and the
587:broadsides
548:in Chuenpi
452:Background
361:2nd Chusan
346:2nd Canton
341:1st Canton
306:1st Chusan
96:22°48′07″N
665:Aftermath
614:fire raft
591:starboard
520:HMS
513:HMS
508:The Times
427:Guangdong
391:Chinkiang
351:Sanyuanli
326:First Bar
236:15 killed
229:1 wounded
212:1 frigate
129:aftermath
86:Guangdong
659:Hyacinth
639:flagship
630:Hyacinth
622:magazine
607:Wei Yuan
546:Hyacinth
515:Hyacinth
488:Lin Zexu
439:and HMS
436:Hyacinth
396:Nerbudda
336:Broadway
217:16 junks
207:Strength
197:Lin Zexu
77:Location
55:Hyacinth
657:of the
651:rigging
527:battery
482:in 1836
415:Chinese
386:Woosung
366:Chinhai
331:Whampoa
311:Barrier
296:Kowloon
214:1 sloop
88:, China
807:
765:
735:pinyin
731:Elliot
725:
704:
643:Volage
626:Volage
560:Volage
542:Volage
533:Battle
522:Volage
470:Bombay
458:Canton
442:Volage
417::
371:Ningpo
152:
124:Result
51:Volage
675:Macau
647:sails
575:junks
571:'
423:Humen
381:Chapu
376:Tzeki
321:Bogue
82:Humen
59:junks
805:ISBN
763:ISBN
723:ISBN
702:ISBN
669:The
649:and
634:port
628:and
618:junk
544:and
518:and
419:穿鼻之戰
409:The
356:Amoy
127:See
69:Date
53:and
49:The
729:. "
853::
788:^
742:^
737:".
689:^
593:.
84:,
811:.
769:.
708:.
413:(
273:e
266:t
259:v
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
