806:'s successes against the British in the north, saying "Who can forbear to emulate their noble spirit? Who is there without ambition, to share with them, the applauses of their countrymen, and of all posterity, as the defenders of Liberty, and the procurers of peace and happiness to millions in the present and future generations? Two years we have maintained the war and struggled with difficulties innumerable. But the prospect has since brightened, and our affairs put on a better face—Now is the time to reap the fruits of all our toils and dangers! ... The eyes of all America, and of Europe are turned upon us."
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988:, page 7. "It has been claimed that the Stars and Stripes were first unfurled in battle here. The flag had been adopted by Congress, June 14, 1777, and was carried in a parade in Philadelphia in August; however, the militia were still using state or regimental banners. … Since colors are important in a battle, and since only the national flag would be meaningful to all of the regiment, it is possible that it was carried."
656:) in a series of small camps designed to facilitate ambushes. On August 28, Washington, atop Iron Hill, and Howe, on Gray's Hill, observed each other as they took stock of the enemy's position; one of the Hessian generals wrote, "These gentlemen observed us with their glasses as carefully as we observed them. Those of our officers who know Washington well, maintained that the man in the plain coat was Washington."
887:
intended to allow the site to be used to educate the public about the battle. The state government also proposed to allow archaeologists to excavate the site, in the hope of locating unmarked graves of those involved in the conflict. The family pledged to donate twenty percent of the sale to the Cooch's Bridge
Historic District Fund, which provides funding the ongoing preservation of the site.
50:
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Congress said the losses were "not very considerable"; however, the
British reported burying 41 Americans, and Howe's official report claimed "not less than fifty killed and many more wounded". General Maxwell was criticized for his leadership by a number of Washington's subordinates. One foreign officer with service in the Army of
756:
Casualty reports for the
British range from 3 killed and 20 wounded to about 30 killed or wounded. One British deserter reported that nine wagonloads of wounded were sent toward the fleet. The Americans claimed 20 killed and another 20 wounded, and Washington in a letter to
801:
Sensing an attack coming, Washington told his troops on
September 5th, "Should they push their design against Philadelphia, on this route, their all is at stake—they will put the contest on the event of a single battle: If they are overthrown, they are utterly undone—the war is at an end." Two days
785:
General
Cornwallis occupied the house of Thomas Cooch, and Howe's forces remained at Iron Hill for five days. In a letter to Congress, Washington justified the defeat by saying, "This Morning the Enemy came out with considerable force and three pieces of Artillery, against our Light advanced Corps,
722:
described as follows: "Here the rebels began to attack us about 9 o'clock with a continued irregular fire for nearly two miles." Howe rode to the front lines, and seeing Iron Hill crawling with enemy soldiers, ordered his troops to clear it. At this time, much of
Maxwell's force was defending
741:(the latter being a weapon Maxwell's militia lacked experience in using). After seven hours of fighting, the Americans were forced to retreat from Iron Hill across Cooch's Bridge, taking up a position on the far side. Howe ordered the 1st and 2nd British Light Infantry Battalion to assist the
886:
In late 2018, the state of
Delaware announced its intention to purchase the house at the center of the battlefield site, as well as some of the surrounding land, from the Cooch family. The purchase, of which $ 875,000 was funded by the state and $ 225,000 from private philanthropic trusts, was
798:. While Howe's army remained in place, the two forces engaged in small skirmishes over the next few days. One officer under Howe noted that the rebel patrols, which usually consist of 10 to 15 dragoons and 20 to 30 infantrymen, now appear more often, and they fire at our posts occasionally."
503:. On September 3, German troops leading the British advance were met by musket fire from the U.S. light infantry in the woods on either side of the road leading toward Cooch's Bridge. Calling up reinforcements, they flushed the Americans out and drove them across the bridge.
864:. In 2003, the Cooch family sold the state some land as well as development rights for an additional 200 acres (81 ha) of land in the area of the battlefield. They also established a $ 1.5 million fund to restore and maintain the property, and granted the state a
786:
and after some pretty smart skirmishing obliged them to retreat, being far inferior in number and without Cannon." Certain that Howe would advance along the main road toward
Wilmington in his bid to capture Philadelphia, Washington continued to fortify the city and the
710:
headed up the road from the tavern toward Cooch's Bridge as
Cornwallis's advance guard. These were struck by a volley of fire from an American ambush and many of them fell, either killed or wounded. Ewald remained unwounded, and quickly alerted the Hessian and
667:, left Head of Elk, expecting to join with Knyphausen's division at Aiken's Tavern, about 5 miles (8.0 km) east. Cornwallis reached the tavern first, and Howe, traveling with Cornwallis, decided to press on to the north without waiting for Knyphausen.
568:
remained near New York until Howe's objective became clear. Howe's plan was gauged to the south, intending to move against
Philadelphia via the Chesapeake. Washington marched his army, numbering about 16,000, through Philadelphia, and established a camp at
734:, formed a line and, with the support of some artillery, advanced on the Americans. Von Wurmb sent one detachment to Maxwell's left, hoping to flank his position, and supported the move with a bayonet charge against the American center.
284:
592:, about 50 miles (80 km) south of Philadelphia. Due to the relatively poor quality of the landing area, his troops moved immediately to the north, reaching Head of Elk itself on August 28. Advance troops consisting of British
878:
The Battle of Cooch's Bridge is memorialized on the coat of arms for Glasgow High School which is built on part of the battlefield. It shows Continental soldiers fighting British Army soldiers while flying the
277:
663:, left Cecil County Court House and headed north, hampered by rain, bad roads, and poor health of a portion of his soldiers. Early the next morning, Howe's left wing, headed by troops under the command of
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270:
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The battle lasted for much of the day; at Cooch's Bridge, Maxwell's men made a stand until they "had shot themselves out of ammunition" and "the fight was carried on with the sword" and
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445:
629:. Since they were unavailable, he organized a light infantry corps consisting of 700 picked men from Continental Army regiments (including future Supreme Court Chief Justice
648:
to be a more defensible point, but Washington declined, instead ordering Maxwell to monitor British movements and slow its advance while the rest of the army fortified the
813:
into Pennsylvania. Upon realizing what the British were doing late in the night, Washington rushed his forces north as well to find a new defensive position. He settled on
1627:
883:". In 2010, the Christina School District All-District Honor Band performed a selection written and named for the event: "The Battle of Cooch's Bridge March"
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in reference to Maxwell, "Your soldiers are very good men, so good as any brave men in the world, but your officers my dear colonel, your officers..."
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later, upon hearing that British ships had left the Chesapeake, Washington was sure Howe's move was imminent. He rallied his troops, referencing
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on September 11. The British victory in that battle paved the way for their eventual entry into and occupation of the city of Philadelphia.
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and Wilmington. Maxwell's men were encamped on either side of the road leading south from Cooch's Bridge toward Aiken's Tavern (present-day
861:
832:
This success was more than offset by the failure of the expedition to the Hudson, in which General Burgoyne surrendered his army after the
633:, who would go on to fight in the coming battle) and about 1,000 Pennsylvania and Delaware militia, and placed them under the command of
534:
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818:
1502:
1462:
1407:
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610:, which was a few miles south of Newark. The bridge was named for Thomas Cooch, a local landowner whose house was near the bridge.
1371:
Historical Register and Dictionary of the United States Army, from its Organization, September 29, 1789, to March 2, 1903. Volume 2
81:
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211:
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The claim that an official U.S. flag was flown at Cooch's Bridge is doubted in the National Register of Historic Places. See
1208:
1543:
746:
385:
1248:"State of Delaware to acquire historic property at Cooch's Bridge, the site of the state's only Revolutionary War battle"
871:
In 2007, the 230th anniversary of the battle was commemorated by a re-enactment event hosted by members of the recreated
573:. Riding further south and west to perform reconnaissance on August 26, Washington learned that the British had landed.
168:
360:
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Detail of a 1777 military map. Cooch's Bridge is just to the right of Iron Hill; Philadelphia is off to the northeast.
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became mired in swampy terrain attempting to ford the Christina River, the 2nd Battalion reached the right of the
456:(though there were also naval engagements off the state's coast), and it took place about a week before the major
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Brandywine: A Military History of the Battle That Lost Philadelphia but Saved America, September 11, 1777
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But the attack never came. Instead, on September 8, Howe moved his force north, through Newark and
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1262:"Conserving Agricultural, Natural & Cultural Resources: 2019 Report on State Planning Issues"
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Ancestry and descendants of Nancy Allyn (Foote) Webb, Rev. Edward Webb, and Joseph Wilkins Cooch
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moved east across Elk Creek and occupied Gray's Hill, about one mile (1.6 km) west of
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On August 25, Howe's army disembarked below a small town called Head of Elk (now known as
340:
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and the bridge was taken. Maxwell's army then retreated back toward Wilmington.
1279:
Cassell's Biographical Dictionary of the American War of Independence 1763–1783
49:
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and Philadelphia. It was there that the two armies clashed again in the major
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On September 2, Howe's right wing, under the command of the Hessian general,
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advocated moving the entire Continental Army to this position, believing the
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83:
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452:. It was the only significant military action during the war on the soil of
1446:
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521:
in 1776, British military planners organized two expeditions to divide the
460:. Some traditions claim this as the first battle which saw the U.S. flag.
1528:
1416:
The Philadelphia Campaign, Vol. I: Brandywine and the Fall of Philadelphia
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840:, fought after the British occupied Philadelphia) was a major factor in
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Washington would normally have assigned the duties of advance guard to
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to purchase the Thomas Cooch house, which remained with the family.
772:
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674:
479:, British and German forces under the overall command of General
640:. These troops occupied Iron Hill and Cooch's Bridge. General
266:
1264:. Cabinet Committee on State Planning Issues. October 7, 2019.
723:
Iron Hill, while the rest were protecting Cooch's Bridge. The
1457:, The Historical Society of Delaware, Wilmington, DE, 1941,
1546:. Delaware Sons of the American Revolution. Archived from
1437:
Campaign to Valley Forge: July 1, 1777 – December 19, 1777
548:
embarked an army numbering about 18,000 (plus about 5,000
537:, while the other was targeted at the colonial capital,
483:
began to move north. Their advance was monitored by a
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in the defense of the Hudson River Valley against the
617:
and his riflemen, but he had detached these to assist
1623:
Battles of the American Revolutionary War in Delaware
1565:. The Saving Delaware History Podcast. Archived from
552:) onto transports in late July 1777, and sailed from
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in taking the bridge. While the 1st Battalion under
1527:. National Park Service. 2009-03-13. Archived from
794:, and the army formed defenses between Newport and
695:
for the Pencader Heritage Area Museum in Newark, DE
1473:
1441:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
1434:
1294:
1209:"LionHeart Filmworks: Features and Documentaries"
856:The site of the battle has been preserved as the
1388:The Philadelphia Campaign: June 1777 – July 1778
790:. He moved his headquarters from Wilmington to
432:, was fought on September 3, 1777, between the
34:
1197:Preservation of the Cooch's Bridge Battlefield
529:. One expedition was to take control of the
278:
16:1777 battle of the American Revolutionary War
8:
1544:"Preservation of Cooch's Bridge Battlefield"
1373:. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
937:
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817:, just across the Delaware border, upon the
1349:. Wilmington, DE: Star Publishing. p.
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975:(Washington, D.C.), Sep. 3, 2014, p. 25.
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860:Historic District, and is listed on the
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541:. In pursuit of the latter objective,
1563:"The Battle of Cooch's Bridge, Part 1"
1521:"National Register Information System"
1418:. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books.
925:
923:
1326:Philadelphia 1777: Taking the Capital
821:—the last natural defense before the
727:, numbering over 400 men led by
7:
1628:Battles of the Philadelphia Campaign
1525:National Register of Historic Places
1455:The Delaware Continentals, 1776–1783
1390:. Conshohocken, PA: Combined Books.
1186:National Register Information System
862:National Register of Historic Places
1603:Battles involving the United States
1613:Battles involving Ansbach-Bayreuth
1246:Denison, Doug (12 December 2018).
1234:The Battle of Cooch's Bridge March
14:
1211:. LionHeart Films. Archived from
1343:Cooch, Mary Evarts Webb (1919).
844:'s decision to enter the war as
525:and, they hoped, decisively end
495:forces that had based itself at
216:
205:
193:
173:
162:
146:
131:
48:
1618:Battles involving Great Britain
1250:. Delaware Department of State.
444:soldiers serving alongside the
1608:Battles involving Hesse-Kassel
19:For another battle during the
1:
242:1,300 British light infantry
1301:. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.
1654:
1414:McGuire, Thomas J (2006).
517:After having successfully
510:
450:American Revolutionary War
257:23 to 30 killed or wounded
42:American Revolutionary War
21:American Revolutionary War
18:
1598:1777 in the United States
1476:The War of the Revolution
1281:, Cassell, London, 1966,
1185:
1047:Ward (1952), pp. 332, 336
986:Inventory Nomination Form
406:Carlisle Peace Commission
306:
246:
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186:
124:
58:
47:
39:
25:Battle of Iron Works Hill
23:with a similar name, see
1493:Harris, Michael (2014).
1386:Martin, David G (1993).
1324:Clement, Justin (2007).
1297:The Road to Valley Forge
1196:
691:This map was created by
467:on August 25 as part of
426:Battle of Cooch's Bridge
35:Battle of Cooch's Bridge
1480:. New York: MacMillan.
1293:Buchanan, John (2004).
997:Clement, pp. 8–9, 28–30
1453:Ward, Christopher L.,
1402:2003 Da Capo reprint,
866:right of first refusal
782:
696:
684:
661:Wilhelm von Knyphausen
519:captured New York City
187:Commanders and leaders
1433:Reed, John F (1965).
1328:. Osprey Publishing.
873:2nd Virginia Regiment
776:
690:
678:
580:, and located at the
513:Philadelphia campaign
296:Philadelphia campaign
247:Casualties and losses
97:39.63972°N 75.72667°W
1277:Boatner, Mark Mayo,
971:"Today in History",
838:Battle of Germantown
827:Battle of Brandywine
571:Wilmington, Delaware
477:Continental Congress
458:Battle of Brandywine
428:, also known as the
1367:Heitman, Francis B.
1176:Ward (1952), p. 232
953:Ward (1941), p. 192
834:Battles of Saratoga
699:A small company of
430:Battle of Iron Hill
102:39.63972; -75.72667
93: /
1272:General references
783:
781:, portrait c. 1788
729:Lieutenant Colonel
697:
685:
665:Charles Cornwallis
582:head of navigation
543:Lieutenant General
533:by a descent from
475:, the seat of the
1593:Conflicts in 1777
1470:Ward, Christopher
1425:978-0-8117-0178-5
1335:978-1-84603-033-8
1308:978-0-471-44156-4
1158:Martin, pp. 49–98
1024:Martin, pp. 31–36
747:Robert Abercromby
654:Glasgow, Delaware
635:Brigadier General
566:George Washington
564:of Major General
523:Thirteen Colonies
463:After landing in
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66:September 3, 1777
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1638:1777 in Delaware
1633:Newark, Delaware
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819:Brandywine River
779:Ludwig von Wurmb
732:Ludwig von Wurmb
642:Nathanael Greene
562:Continental Army
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438:American militia
434:Continental Army
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608:Cooch's Bridge
594:light infantry
558:Chesapeake Bay
550:camp followers
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485:light infantry
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1113:Reed, p. 100
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546:William Howe
539:Philadelphia
531:Hudson River
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481:William Howe
473:Philadelphia
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446:British Army
429:
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381:Conway Cabal
376:Valley Forge
356:Fort Mifflin
325:
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223:Ludwig Wurmb
143:
125:Belligerents
40:Part of the
1083:Reed, p. 99
1074:Reed, p. 93
815:Chadds Ford
796:Marshallton
625:of General
596:and German
471:to capture
448:during the
401:Barren Hill
366:White Marsh
316:Short Hills
311:Bound Brook
100: /
1587:Categories
1573:2021-02-12
1554:2010-08-12
1535:2010-08-12
1219:2010-10-27
720:John André
507:Background
469:a campaign
361:Gloucester
346:Germantown
331:Brandywine
254:20 wounded
88:75°43′36″W
85:39°38′23″N
1513:870703167
1486:214962727
1369:(1965) .
1317:231991487
891:Citations
848:in 1778.
811:Hockessin
777:Lt. Col.
769:Aftermath
693:Sean Moir
604:Iron Hill
586:Elk River
487:corps of
300:1777–1778
252:20 killed
1472:(1952).
1359:14558010
704:dragoons
679:Captain
590:Maryland
465:Maryland
454:Delaware
411:Monmouth
351:Red Bank
229:Strength
71:Location
1447:1344882
973:Express
792:Newport
759:Prussia
739:bayonet
713:Ansbach
701:Hessian
623:advance
606:, near
584:of the
560:. The
556:to the
499:, near
493:militia
179:Ansbach
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917:Harris
852:Legacy
842:France
671:Battle
578:Elkton
535:Quebec
442:German
336:Clouds
239:jägers
151:
136:
113:Result
751:Jäger
743:Jäger
725:Jäger
716:Jäger
599:Jäger
588:) in
341:Paoli
234:1,000
169:Hesse
1509:OCLC
1499:ISBN
1482:OCLC
1459:ISBN
1443:OCLC
1420:ISBN
1404:ISBN
1392:ISBN
1375:OCLC
1355:OCLC
1330:ISBN
1313:OCLC
1303:ISBN
1283:ISBN
491:and
436:and
424:The
237:450
63:Date
1351:121
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