39:
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relief from his friends in the surrounding areas. In response to the request, Wanyan
Chenheshang arrived with 1,000 Zhongxiao troops as well as 10,000 regular troops. The cavalry forces of Chenheshang once again defeated the Mongol troops and drove them back(Second Battle of Daohuigu). It was reported that Subutai's forces suffered heavy losses during this battle.
429:
by concentrating 400 trebuchets at a corner of the wall. However, as the province had heavy famine, this did not help much with resupplying the large Mongol army and the main objective of getting past
Tongguan was still not achieved. Seeing the difficult situation they were in, the Mongol commanders
416:
and
Zhuyang (both in west Henan). It looked like Subutai's forces had successfully outflanked Tongguan by passing through mountains, but his troops were spread out far too wide over a very large distance. General nahemai of Tongguan prevented the invasion of Subutai, and at the same time, requested
391:
and block any access to
Kaifeng. They calculated that the scorched earth policies would deny the Mongols the ability to sustain a lengthy siege, and their lines of fortifications and difficult terrain would prevent the Mongols from outmaneuvering them. Ögedei's forces had up to 100,000 men, which
345:
city had to be lifted. The following year, Mongol forces were defeated again at the Battle of
Weizhou. Both battles involved Jin general Wanyan Chenheshang, who commanded the Zhongxiao (Loyalty) army which consisted of various ethnic groups that were attacked by the Mongols. These included other
459:. This time, thanks to the planning of Tolu, Subutai was able to outmaneuver Jin forces. As a result of the battle, the top generals, Wanyan Heda, Yila Pua, and Wanyan Chenheshang, all perished and resulted in the Jin having no more capacity to resist the Mongols.
702:
409:), the Mongols advanced to the Daohuigu, but were repulsed byWanyan Heda, who had detected the Mongols' movement, and suffered a heavy defeat, losing more than 10,000 soldiers and tens of thousands of horses (First Battle of Daohuigu).
396:
as well as
Subutai. With such a large army and the fact that Shaanxi was already suffering from a severe famine, Ögedei knew with limited time and resources, he had to find a way through Tongguan quickly.
405:
Initial attempts to draw Jin forces out of the fortress failed, so the
Mongols decided to find a way to bypass Tongguan entirely. After cutting through the mountainous area of Shangao (present-day
747:
211:
455:
This was the third and final victory achieved by the Jin
Dynasty against the Mongol Empire due to Wanyan Chenheshang. However, Jin fortunes came to an end in the following year at the
445:
It was noted from some sources that Ögedei would rather blame his generals than admit errors in his strategy. Ögedei was noted to have said during the siege of
Fengxiang:
740:
412:
However, the
Mongolian army had not given up on breaking through Tongguan, and in January 1231, Subutai advanced again to Daohuigu. He then sacked the county towns of
204:
948:
776:
733:
197:
943:
691:
387:. Jin generals Wanyan Heda and Yila Pua ordered troops to retreat from Shaanxi and implement a scorched earth policy to hold the fortified
893:
376:, where for nine days he prayed to the Heavens for victory. He also called back Subutai from the Russian front to help on the campaign.
958:
828:
311:
221:
30:
786:
369:Ögedei was enraged by the news of defeats, especially after Jin general Yila Pua sent a message to him taunting him of their victory.
295:
443:"For a military man, victory and defeat are unpredictable. Please allow him to establish merit and make this up himself."
756:
307:
99:
953:
771:
914:
853:
823:
796:
441:Ögedei blamed Subutai for the defeat and berated him. However, Tolui stepped in to defend Subutai, stating:
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38:
848:
838:
649:"Pu'a's Boast and Doqolqu's Death: Historiography of a Hidden Scandal in the Mongol Conquest of the Jin"
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338:
268:
253:
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In 1231, Ögedei and his forces set out to move further south where they aimed to take the Jin capital,
258:
243:
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833:
816:
801:
668:
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Defeated at Tongguan, the Mongol armies turned to sieging Shaanxi's major cities. They conquered
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714:
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858:
811:
406:
278:
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921:
908:
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The Mongol Empire had suffered setbacks in its offensive against the Jin Dynasty after
322:
114:
937:
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725:
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to come up with a new strategy while the army moved northwest to the former Jin-
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was defeated in battle, although some sources claim the fault lay mainly on
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became head of the empire. In 1229, Mongol forces were defeated at the
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68:
448:
393:
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314:. The battle was fought twice, in November 1230 and January 1231.
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Second Battle of Daohuigu was one of the few instances where
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were alive, I would not have had to come here myself!"
372:Ögedei personally vowed to conquer the Jin and went to
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325:'s judgement and Subutai was merely a scapegoat.
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20:
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949:Battles involving the Mongol Empire
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829:Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty
312:Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty
14:
613:
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181:Heavy losses for Subutai's forces
16:13th century AD conflict in China
169:11,000 led by Wanyan Chenheshang
894:Jin dynasty coinage (1115–1234)
647:Atwood, Christopher P. (2015).
299:
1:
680:JIN, Yijiu (9 January 2017).
944:Mongol conquest of Jin China
653:Journal of Song-Yuan Studies
159:Unknown size led by Subutai
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959:1231 in the Mongol Empire
772:Alliance Conducted at Sea
302:) took place between the
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175:
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88:
50:
36:
28:
915:Zhaocheng Jin Tripitaka
824:1194 Yellow River flood
757:Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
106:Commanders and leaders
67:Daohuigu (Present-day
703:"1227～1231年蒙金關河爭奪戰初探"
457:Battle of Sanfengshan
392:included his brother
339:Battle of Dachangyuan
176:Casualties and losses
165:Unknown total size
43:Modern day view of
899:Huining Prefecture
817:Treaty of Shaoxing
292:Battle of Daohuigu
141:Wanyan Chenheshang
24:Battle of Daohuigu
954:Conflicts in 1231
931:
930:
792:Jingkang incident
693:978-90-474-2800-8
430:withdrew back to
341:and the siege of
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701:石, 堅軍 (2010).
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432:Inner Mongolia
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31:Mongol–Jin War
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389:Tongguan Pass
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304:Mongol Empire
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45:Tongguan Pass
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707:內蒙古社會科學(漢文版)
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89:Belligerents
29:Part of the
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882:Wanyan clan
849:Sanfengshan
839:Dachangyuan
659:: 239–278.
631:Atwood 2015
602:Atwood 2015
577:Atwood 2015
565:Atwood 2015
538:Atwood 2015
521:Atwood 2015
506:Atwood 2015
362:, and even
360:Han Chinese
335:Ögedei Khan
323:Ögedei Khan
310:during the
308:Jin Dynasty
269:Sanfengshan
254:Dachangyuan
135:Wanyan Heda
115:Ögedei Khan
100:Jin Dynasty
80:Jin victory
938:Categories
463:References
329:Background
719:1003-5281
713:: 53–57.
686:. BRILL.
665:1059-3152
427:Fengxiang
421:Aftermath
346:Mongols,
889:Jiaochao
870:See also
844:Daohuigu
834:Yehuling
802:Yancheng
787:Timeline
777:Military
673:44511263
553:JIN 2017
374:Yingzhou
364:Kipchaks
343:Qingyang
306:and the
264:Daohuigu
234:Yehuling
155:100,000
149:Strength
138:Yila Pua
63:Location
904:Zhongdu
859:Caizhou
854:Kaifeng
807:Tangdao
765:History
641:Sources
381:Kaifeng
356:Tanguts
352:Uyghurs
348:Naimans
319:Subutai
296:Chinese
279:Caizhou
274:Kaifeng
259:Weizhou
249:Zhongdu
244:Zhenyou
239:Huailai
184:Unknown
125:Subutai
69:Shaanxi
812:Caishi
759:topics
717:
690:
671:
663:
614:石 2010
483:石 2010
449:Muqali
401:Battle
298::
77:Result
683:Islam
669:JSTOR
414:Lushi
394:Tolui
385:Henan
300:倒回谷之戰
120:Tolui
715:ISSN
688:ISBN
661:ISSN
447:"If
290:The
58:1231
55:Date
436:Xia
383:in
940::
711:31
709:.
705:.
667:.
657:45
655:.
651:.
621:^
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528:^
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471:^
366:.
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354:,
350:,
749:e
742:t
735:v
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696:.
675:.
294:(
213:e
206:t
199:v
71:)
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