36:
105:
94:
472:, p. 120 "His first objective was the Armenian religious center at Echmiadzin, where he encountered Abbas's army of 18,000. While the Russian artillery inflicted heavy damage, the Iranians showed that they were effective soldiers in their own way. The battle was an Iranian victory in that the Russians failed to take the monastery and had to withdraw."
364:
The
Russian artillery inflicted considerable casualties on the Iranian army, which at the time had not yet been modeled on modern lines. In their own way the Iranians proved to be effective; surrounding the Russians and preventing them from receiving supplies. This forced Tsitsianov to withdraw, and
315:
met him at
Echmiadzin. Cutting off the Russian's supplies the Iranians successfully defended the town and forced the Russians to withdraw. Though the Russians were unable to capture Echmiadzin, the outcome of the battle itself has been variously described as inconclusive, an Iranian victory, or a
373:
A few days after the battle, the
Russians returned to Echmiadzin, where they caught a different Iranian force by surprise and decisively defeated them. Tsitsianov's forces entered Echmiadzin, which, according to Auguste Bontems-Lefort, a contemporary French military envoy to Iran, they looted,
378:
religious buildings. According to
Bontems-Lefort, the Russian behaviour contrasted with that of the Iranian king, who treated the local Christian population with respect. Tsitsianov then marched on Erivan once again. The Iranians who had survived the surprise attack regrouped and were able to
365:
he was thus unable to take
Echmiadzin. This was a tactical defensive success for the Iranians. However, in line with the traditional Iranian concept of warfare, they allowed the Russians to escape, instead of making full use of the advantage they had gained.
35:
340:
in the
Caucasus. A die-hard Russian imperialist and expansionist, he had little respect for either the inhabitants of the Caucasus or the Iranians. In January 1804, he invaded Iran, besieging the Iranian city of Ganja. After a month he
171:
164:
157:
460:. "The able Abbas Mirza with 20,000 men forces the Russian army of 5,000 men led by General Paul Tsitsianov (Sisianoff) to withdraw. The Persian army then disbands for the winter."
436:, p. 76. "After some battles around the monastery of Echmiadzin in which there was no clear victory for either side, both armies turned their attention to Yerevan City (...)"
789:
814:
794:
337:
498:(...) while Tsitsianov scored a victory over Iran's Crown Prince Abbas Mirza not far from the Echmiadzin Monastery (near Erivan) on (...)
809:
743:
714:
692:
670:
640:
621:
491:
448:"After an inconclusive encounter at Uch Kelisa (Echmiadzin), the Russians laid siege to Iravan accompanied by heavy bombardment (...)"
304:
181:
27:
804:
345:
it; up to 3,000 Iranians were massacred in three days of pillage. This initiated the Russo-Persian War of 1804–1813.
799:
270:
829:
325:
225:
230:
250:
265:
240:
220:
195:
380:
260:
255:
210:
245:
824:
819:
754:
342:
200:
357:, near Erivan, his army clashed with that of Crown-Prince and Commander-in-Chief Abbas Mirza and the
275:
235:
129:
680:
280:
215:
739:
710:
702:
688:
666:
636:
617:
487:
329:
285:
758:
731:
650:
333:
308:
120:
104:
766:
98:
783:
399:
Vagharshapat is still commonly referred to as
Echmiadzin / Ejmiatsin / Etchmiadzin.
354:
69:
61:
762:
707:
A Global
Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East
654:
312:
149:
125:
484:
Conflict and
Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia (Vol. 1)
108:
65:
375:
653:(1991). "Iranian relations with Russia and the Soviet Union, to 1921". In
324:
In 1801, capitalizing on political turmoil in Iran, the
Russians annexed
40:
Russian plan illustrating Tsitsianov's report of the battle at Echmiadzin
73:
93:
311:
advanced on Erivan. An Iranian army of 20,000 under Crown-Prince
358:
332:), a region which had been part of Iran for centuries. In 1802,
353:
After the capture of Ganja, Tsitsianov proceeded to Erivan. At
153:
633:
Iranian-Russian Encounters: Empires and Revolutions since 1800
536:
534:
532:
530:
417:
415:
592:
590:
588:
586:
584:
571:
569:
567:
565:
563:
561:
705:, ed. (2010). "Overview of 1800-1850: Chronology".
20:
165:
8:
657:; Hambly, Gavin; Melville, Charles (eds.).
521:
172:
158:
150:
34:
17:
709:. Vol. Three: 1775-1860. ABC-CLIO.
411:
392:
596:
552:
540:
457:
445:
421:
361:himself; a three-day battle followed.
736:A History of Iran: Empire of the Mind
575:
469:
433:
307:. A Russian force of 5,000 men under
7:
790:Battles involving the Russian Empire
771:Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Edition
659:The Cambridge History of Iran (Vol.
509:
482:Mikaberidze, Alexander, ed. (2011).
303:took place in June 1804, during the
773:. Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation.
14:
815:Battles of the Russo-Persian Wars
685:The Making of the Georgian Nation
616:. University of Minnesota Press.
336:was appointed as the new Russian
103:
92:
631:Cronin, Stephanie, ed. (2013).
665:. Cambridge University Press.
343:captured and ruthlessly sacked
305:Russo-Persian War of 1804–1813
28:Russo-Persian War of 1804–1813
1:
183:Russo-Persian War (1804–1813)
795:Battles involving Qajar Iran
687:. Indiana University Press.
379:participate in the ensuing
846:
810:1804 in the Russian Empire
614:Russia and Iran, 1780–1828
486:. ABC-CLIO. p. 764.
191:
135:
114:
85:
44:
33:
25:
805:19th century in Armenia
374:seriously damaging the
755:Bournoutian, George A.
612:Atkin, Muriel (1980).
115:Commanders and leaders
753:Kettenhofen, Erich;
301:Battle of Echmiadzin
21:Battle of Echmiadzin
681:Suny, Ronald Grigor
130:Fath-Ali Shah Qajar
703:Tucker, Spencer C.
338:commander-in-chief
800:Conflicts in 1804
759:Hewsen, Robert H.
732:Axworthy, Michael
651:Kazemzadeh, Firuz
381:defense of Erivan
316:Russian victory.
294:
293:
148:
147:
81:
80:
837:
830:June 1804 events
774:
767:Yarshater, Ehsan
749:
720:
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479:
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467:
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431:
425:
419:
400:
397:
334:Pavel Tsitsianov
309:Pavel Tsitsianov
186:
184:
174:
167:
160:
151:
121:Pavel Tsitsianov
107:
97:
96:
46:
45:
38:
18:
845:
844:
840:
839:
838:
836:
835:
834:
780:
779:
752:
746:
738:. Basic Books.
730:
727:
725:Further reading
717:
701:
695:
679:
673:
649:
643:
630:
624:
611:
608:
603:
595:
582:
574:
559:
551:
547:
543:, p. 1035.
539:
528:
522:Kazemzadeh 1991
520:
516:
508:
504:
494:
481:
480:
476:
468:
464:
456:
452:
444:
440:
432:
428:
424:, p. 1036.
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409:
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403:
398:
394:
389:
371:
351:
322:
297:
296:
295:
290:
226:Bandar-e Anzali
216:Karyagin's Raid
187:
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128:
91:
77:
39:
12:
11:
5:
843:
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833:
832:
827:
822:
817:
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807:
802:
797:
792:
782:
781:
776:
775:
750:
745:978-0465019205
744:
726:
723:
722:
721:
716:978-1851096725
715:
699:
694:978-0253209153
693:
677:
672:978-0521200950
671:
647:
642:978-0415624336
641:
628:
623:978-0816609246
622:
607:
604:
602:
601:
580:
578:, p. 120.
557:
545:
526:
524:, p. 330.
514:
502:
493:978-1598843378
492:
474:
462:
450:
438:
426:
410:
408:
405:
402:
401:
391:
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388:
385:
370:
367:
350:
347:
326:Kartli-Kakheti
321:
318:
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117:
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99:Russian Empire
88:
87:
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82:
79:
78:
60:
58:
54:
53:
50:
42:
41:
31:
30:
23:
22:
16:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
842:
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690:
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682:
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668:
664:
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656:
652:
648:
644:
638:
635:. Routledge.
634:
629:
625:
619:
615:
610:
609:
605:
599:, p. 56.
598:
593:
591:
589:
587:
585:
581:
577:
572:
570:
568:
566:
564:
562:
558:
555:, p. 55.
554:
549:
546:
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537:
535:
533:
531:
527:
523:
518:
515:
512:, p. 59.
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68:(present-day
67:
63:
59:
56:
55:
51:
48:
47:
43:
37:
32:
29:
24:
19:
825:Vagharshapat
820:1804 in Iran
777:
770:
735:
706:
684:
660:
658:
655:Avery, Peter
632:
613:
548:
517:
505:
497:
483:
477:
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429:
395:
372:
363:
352:
323:
300:
298:
271:Alkhalkalaki
205:
86:Belligerents
70:Vagharshapat
26:Part of the
597:Cronin 2013
553:Cronin 2013
541:Tucker 2010
458:Tucker 2010
446:Cronin 2013
422:Tucker 2010
313:Abbas Mirza
261:2nd Yerevan
221:Zagam River
211:1st Yerevan
196:Shooreh Gol
126:Abbas Mirza
784:Categories
576:Atkin 1980
470:Atkin 1980
434:Atkin 1980
407:References
355:Echmiadzin
320:Background
276:Sultanabad
256:Nakhchevan
206:Echmiadzin
109:Qajar Iran
66:Qajar Iran
62:Echmiadzin
510:Suny 1994
369:Aftermath
328:(eastern
266:2nd Ganja
246:Karakapet
52:June 1804
763:"Erevan"
761:(1998).
734:(2010).
683:(1994).
376:Armenian
286:Lankaran
281:Aslanduz
136:Strength
57:Location
769:(ed.).
606:Sources
330:Georgia
231:Derbent
74:Armenia
742:
713:
691:
669:
639:
620:
490:
349:Battle
251:Shusha
144:20,000
765:. In
387:Notes
236:Shaki
201:Ganja
141:5,000
740:ISBN
711:ISBN
689:ISBN
667:ISBN
637:ISBN
618:ISBN
488:ISBN
359:Shah
299:The
241:Baku
49:Date
786::
757:;
583:^
560:^
529:^
496:.
414:^
383:.
72:,
64:,
748:.
719:.
697:.
675:.
663:)
661:7
645:.
626:.
173:e
166:t
159:v
76:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
