1961:
1973:
1678:
1890:
50:
1862:
1901:, after a careful investigation, declared that they had found that he was not at fault, but the incident ruined his military career. Slangenburg, for his part, was acclaimed as a Dutch hero. He had always been known as a difficult character, but with his newfound fame he was even less inclined to keep quiet. He refrained from supporting rehabilitation for Obdam, got into open conflict with other Dutch commanders and was also furious at Marlborough, who he accused of allowing them to fall into a trap he had warned Marlborough about. This difficult relationship with his peers would eventually lead to
1606:
1598:
261:
250:
294:
283:
272:
175:
1784:
1566:
162:
1877:. The battle had meant little strategically. The Dutch pulled back several kilometres, occupying a tactically more favourable position, and Boufflers' detachment returned, as if nothing had happened, to the French main army. While an Allied setback, not much changed about the situation in Flanders and chances of success for the Allied plans had neither increased nor decreased. Both before and after the battle, everything depended on the actions of the main armies under Marlborough and Villeroy.
186:
1972:
238:
227:
216:
205:
1637:
148:
1677:
1960:
1848:... most of our men, believing they had lost the battle, withdrew to the heathland during the darkness, close to the cavalry which had remained there. When daylight came, they went out to scout; and when they saw that the enemies had completely withdrawn, they ordered the troops to return to the battlefield with many drums,
1932:
Although Obdam's conduct was widely criticised, in
England the battle was presented by most as a Dutch success. Marlborough described the battle as one of the most magnificent exploits of the era, but did not share the delight of his countrymen. He was criticised because of the incident, and although
1748:
In the meantime, the French tried to retake
Oorderen, but a first attempt was comfortably repulsed. After the arrival of fresh Franco-Spanish troops, another attempt was made. Here, too, the battle was long and fierce. Around 6 o'clock, Fagel sustained a head injury, which caused some confusion among
2039:
Mainly because of opposition from
Coehoorn, who would lead the siege of Ostend. He argued that it was to early in the season for an attack on Ostend and that Franco-Spanish reinforcements would easily bring an end to his siege of the city. In Marlborough's mind Coehoorn's attack on Ostend would just
1836:
behind the village, where they had entrenched themselves; but this post was also overwhelmed. The Dutch now occupied the village and the encirclement was broken. The Dutch army spent the night at
Oorderen, where it was reinforced by a few battalions that Coehoorn had sent to their aid from the other
1577:
and Huy, but his plan was vetoed by the Dutch. Instead
Antwerp would be the main target. To capture that city Marlborough planned to pin down the French main force near Liège with the Allied main army of 55,000 men under himself and Ouwerkerk, thereby preventing the enemy from sending reinforcements
1885:
was so displeased with
Boufflers that he not only withheld the supreme command from him in future, but also did not allow him to lead a force in the open field anymore, except for the year of 1709. MĂ©rode-Westerloo, Flemish general in Spanish service, would later blame a lack of support and 'French
1880:
Boufflers was blamed for letting a perfect chance slip through his fingers. He argued that the limited success of the French forces in this otherwise well-designed and initially promising undertaking was caused by the quality of Bedmar's infantry regiments. Alongside battalions that performed their
1872:
The battle had no clear victor, but both sides claimed victory. The Dutch because they had forced the French from the battlefield, allowing the outnumbered Dutch to retire to safety and the French and
Spanish because they occupied the battlefield the next day. Both parties also appealed to outward
1831:
ready, on a flanking manoeuvre. They surprised the French and appeared on their flank and rear. The main Dutch force, clustered in a thick mass and followed by the cavalry, advanced over the
Scheldt embankment from Wilmerdonk, and stormed Oorderen from that side. Here too the fighting was long and
1806:
gathered a number of cavalry squadrons and then charged at the Franco-Spanish cavalry. The Franco-Spanish cavalry broke and
Hompesch pursued them for a distance of more than a kilometre. He then attacked the French infantry and managed to disperse some of their battalions, after which these French
1665:, near Antwerp. Obdam moved the baggage to safety in time, but, as the French march was expected to take longer than it did, the positions which his army occupied were not yet abandoned when Boufflers arrived. After an exceptionally long march for that time of 55 kilometers (34 miles), the 1,500
1593:
Questions can be raised about this plan of attack as the two divisions under the Dutch generals were isolated from each other by the
Scheldt and would not be able to come to each other's aid quickly in case of emergency. Additionally, the small divisions bore the heaviest burden, while the large
1740:
It was only now that the bulk of the Franco-Spanish infantry arrived on the battlefield. They were mainly sent to the polder where the Franco-Spanish attack gained new intensity. Supported by 10 pieces of artillery, they stormed the Dutch positions. However, the many ditches and hedges in the
1908:
Nevertheless, the Dutch officers and men had shown their best side while the French and Spanish troops, despite their superiority, had been unable to hold out. The Dutch infantry had once again proved why it was often considered to be the best in Europe. Boufflers wrote that the Dutch had
1483:. The river was very important as a line of operation, because, due to the inadequacy of the land roads at that time, the possession of a river or a canal to transport an army's military necessities was not only advantageous, but almost necessary. The fortresses along the Meuse of
1562:'s French army and preventing it from advancing to the aid of Bonn. The greater part of May and June continued with inconclusive movements on both side, after which Marlborough decided to attack and break through the entrenched lines behind which the French army had withdrawn.
1633:, had stressed that danger to the head of the army. Obdam believed he should not act against the orders received and not abandon the position at Ekeren, but he reminded Marlborough of the precarious state of his division. Marlborough however ordered him to stay where he was.
1797:
Around this time, some Dutch troops ran out of ammunition and Fagel ordered the soldiers to use the tin buttons of their uniform coats as bullets. It now became very urgent to break the encirclement. Tilly ordered an attack on some 1,500 Franco-Spanish horseman crammed on a
2054:
According to Spanish general Merode-Westerloo the French horsemen were drawn from their best regiments. He also writes that Hompesch charged at the head of only 40 caveliers. Chandler adopts these numbers from him, but they are in conflict with the accounts of Wijn and Van
1446:
The battle had very little strategic effect, but, while it had shown the skill of the Dutch troops, it highlighted the disunity in the Anglo-Dutch command structure. Conflicts arose between various commanders, who all blamed each other for the near-disaster. In France
1644:
If this situation had lasted only a short while, and the Anglo-Dutch forces had kept the enemy occupied elsewhere, the danger to Obdam would have been reduced. This was however not this case. On 27 June, Coehoorn and Sparre did attack and capture the Spanish lines at
1741:
landscape eroded the cohesion of the attackers and the fighting evolved into isolated battles. Meanwhile, the Franco-Spanish cavalry had to remain largely inactive because the terrain hindered their usage. The engagement was long and bloody, but Dutch
1720:
Soon Dutch reconnaissance discovered the French dragoons and Obdam immediately sent his cavalry to Hoevenen and Muisbroek, but it was too late, the villages were packed with French troops. They also found the French in great numbers in the village of
1725:. Seeing the road through Oorderen as the only way to escape the encirclement, Obdam gave orders, around 4 o'clock, to attack the village and the Dutch secured control of the village without much difficulty. Meanwhile in the
1594:
Allied force was assigned only a demonstrative role. However, the greatest danger stemmed from the Franco-Spanish shorter internal lines, enabling their main army to reach Antwerp faster than the allied main force.
359:
2044:
was not unwilling to listen to Coehoorn because a conquest of Ostend did not align with Dutch commercial interests. Conquering that location would provide the English with a direct connection to the Spanish
1749:
his troops fighting in the polder. They pulled back which gave the French and Spanish the opportunity to throw more troops into the battle for Oorderen and the Dutch were finally driven out of the village.
1811:
embankment was subsequently repulsed. These successes created the opportunity to free up troops for a final assault on Oorderen, to force a breakthrough to safety. If this failed, the army was still lost.
1889:
1761:
did manage to separate Obdam from his troops and after some time after 6 o'clock there was no more sign of him. He and his companions had removed the Allied green from their hats and their Orange
3056:
De subsistentie van het leger: Logistiek en strategie van het Geallieerde en met name het Staatse leger tijdens de Spaanse Successieoorlog in de Nederlanden en het Heilige Roomse Rijk (1701-1712)
1815:
MĂ©rode-Westerloo commanded the Franco-Spanish troops in Oorderen, but the quality of his troops left much to be desired. Some had even dived into the cellars and came out drunk, while a lack of
352:
49:
1653:, but the main army under Marlborough and Ouwerkerk started its diversion too early. By the end of June, the army had already stripped the area around Maastricht and Liège bare to
3130:
3098:
Het Staatsche Leger: Deel VIII-1 Het tijdperk van de Spaanse Successieoorlog 1702–1705 (The Dutch States Army: Part VIII-1 The era of the War of the Spanish Succession 1702–1705)
2017:
himself thought that they were 3 times stronger than the Dutch. However, it is most commonly assumed that the Franco-Spanish force was around 2 times larger than the Dutch force.
1717:. This ensured that the Dutch forces were surrounded on all sides. Although estimates vary most historians agree that the Dutch were severely outnumbered by two to one or more.
1861:
1590:, had to enclose Antwerp via the other side of the Scheldt. If successful, the main army would then proceed to Antwerp as swiftly as possible, and start the siege of Antwerp.
1630:
231:
3135:
345:
1837:
side of the Scheldt. At dawn of the following day, the march was continued to Lillo, where they arrived unhindered, without any French attempts to prevent their retreat.
3150:
1807:
troops left the battlefield in confusion. As a result the French in the polder pulled back. An attack by four fresh Spanish battalions from Antwerp approaching over the
1621:, around 12,000 men, marched on 28 June from Bergen op Zoom to Antwerp and arrived the next day at Ekeren, seven kilometres north of Antwerp, just south of Dutch held
2823:
3125:
1550:'s attacks in the first half of May. After the surrender of that fortress, Marlborough and the army that had conducted the siege joined the army with which
1941:
fell into Allied hands in the months following Ekeren, Marlborough failed to bring Villeroy to battle. He feared that the lack of decisive success in the
2040:
be a diversion for the siege of Huy. However, because his plan was not very clearly formulated, the generals effectively reasoned past each other. The
1559:
1874:
1468:
1170:
92:
1302:
3077:
Military Memoirs Relating to the Spanish Succession under Louis XIV: Extracts from the Correspondence of the Court and the Generals. Volume 3
3044:
2909:
2875:
2854:
2780:
1898:
1841:
2014:
1750:
298:
1658:
1625:
and one hour away from the French lines. Obdam's army had not remained blind to the danger it faced, and two of its sub-commanders, the
254:
3072:
Mémoires militaires relatifs à la succession d'Espagne sous Louis XIV: extraits de la correspondance de la Cour et des généraux. Tome 3
1502:
The French and Spanish commanders observed the sieges of those cities idly. They had no other intention than to protect the regions of
1290:
829:
2833:
2027:
1803:
1669:
and 30 squadrons of Boufflers already joined the 28 battalions and 19 squadrons of Bedmar around midnight, together some 24,000 men.
287:
1765:
so that the French mistook them for their own countrymen. Thinking his army was destroyed, he then sent a letter reporting defeat to
1245:
3120:
3010:
2865:
2041:
1924:
1476:
1140:
1613:
Upon Coehoorn's insistence, Obdam allocated a few of his battalions to the renowned engineer-general. Obdam's depleted force of 13
3155:
1085:
3021:
2030:
are missing. Wijn and Van Nimwegen write that Franco-Spanish losses were probably significantly higher than those of the Dutch.
1662:
1471:
took command of the combined Anglo-Dutch army on 1 July and at the head of 60,000 men went on the offensive by moving into the
1339:
276:
739:
2026:
Only the casualty numbers for part Franco-Spanish infantry is known. Numbers for the cavalry, grenadiers and the corps under
1551:
1195:
1657:
and would therefore have to move elsewhere. They warned Obdam on 29 June that Villeroy had taken advantage of this to send
1946:
1420:
834:
369:
41:
3023:
Abrégé des guerres du régne de Louis XIV précédé d'une notice historique: conférences donnees au régiment des carabiniers
3085:
1820:
1130:
1105:
988:
3028:
Summary of the wars of the reign of Louis XIV preceded by a historical note: lectures given to the Carabineers Regiment
652:
3145:
1911:
very-exercised troops whose strength is to fire well, which they certainly do to perfection and with a marvelous order
1070:
1996:
Estimates for the number of Dutch troops range from 10,000 to 15,000, but are most often assumed to be around 12,000.
632:
2888:
1824:
1754:
1135:
1095:
3115:
1866:
1464:
1386:
1381:
1155:
1090:
933:
562:
407:
2966:
1329:
557:
392:
1753:
then led further attacks to break through to Wilmarsdonk, but these were repulsed by artillery fire from Colonel
1730:
1376:
1359:
1285:
1260:
1215:
1190:
1125:
1110:
1060:
1048:
1003:
998:
953:
242:
2920:
2844:
1897:
Obdam had panicked in the afternoon and had managed to get through the enemy line with a handful of riders. The
1605:
1295:
622:
482:
2925:
Biografisch Woordenboek Gelderland, deel 5, Bekende en onbekende mannen en vrouwen uit de Gelderse geschiedenis
1597:
1175:
1065:
968:
963:
898:
824:
814:
689:
657:
612:
1783:
1565:
794:
734:
694:
422:
846:
567:
512:
3140:
1819:
had prevented the village from being substantially fortified. Around 9 o'clock, the Dutch attack began. The
1391:
1344:
1210:
1200:
1150:
1115:
1008:
749:
729:
577:
467:
1881:
duties to the best of their ability, there were others whose combat value was less than mediocre. However,
1354:
1319:
1314:
1038:
1013:
993:
804:
647:
602:
477:
432:
427:
417:
1309:
1255:
1230:
1100:
1023:
1018:
938:
893:
866:
861:
856:
799:
789:
759:
719:
679:
642:
527:
517:
402:
397:
3070:
2901:
The Conduct of the Dutch: British Opinion and the Dutch Alliance During the War of the Spanish Succession
1075:
908:
841:
819:
784:
774:
709:
627:
472:
457:
2983:
2949:
2086:
1460:
1436:
1265:
1120:
1028:
918:
913:
769:
699:
684:
674:
592:
572:
552:
542:
522:
497:
412:
190:
1694:
1275:
1270:
958:
943:
754:
704:
442:
437:
265:
2899:
1349:
1280:
1205:
1180:
1033:
809:
597:
462:
1791:
1543:
1401:
1396:
1160:
1080:
973:
744:
724:
714:
617:
587:
582:
547:
3060:
The subsistence of the Allied and especially the Dutch army during the War of the Spanish Succession
2791:
1324:
1220:
948:
502:
1626:
1579:
1472:
1240:
978:
928:
923:
851:
764:
607:
537:
507:
220:
1865:
Parade of Dutch soldiers with captured French and Bavarian banners after the battle of Ekeren, by
1832:
hard, but after 10 o'clock MĂ©rode-Westerloo was forced to retreat. The French still held out at a
532:
1902:
1816:
1654:
1569:
Map of the Low Countries during the War of the Spanish Succession; showing the Lines of Branbant.
1547:
1371:
1250:
779:
492:
487:
1334:
1770:
3040:
3006:
2905:
2871:
2850:
2829:
2776:
2010:
1702:
1646:
1428:
1235:
1225:
1185:
903:
888:
447:
260:
249:
179:
167:
2945:
2932:
Johnston, S. H. F. (1959). "Letters of Samuel Noyes, Chaplain of the Royal Scotts, 1703–4".
1503:
1424:
1145:
883:
637:
1966:
Drawing of a standard from the French RĂ©giment d'Alsace, captured at the battle of Ekeren.
1618:
1043:
878:
2864:
Parker, Robert; de Merode-Westerloo, Jean Philippe Eugene (1998). Chandler, David (ed.).
1745:
and independently and quick thinking lower commanders made up for their lack in numbers.
2064:
1710:
1583:
1440:
1432:
1165:
983:
237:
226:
215:
204:
153:
2136:
2134:
1913:. But it was the performance of the Dutch cavalry that most impressed contemporaries.
1506:
by means of an extensive entrenched line, which, passed over to the right bank of the
3109:
2999:
1942:
1587:
337:
209:
55:
1929:
They had shown that they were no longer inferior to the French and Spanish cavalry.
1459:
The War of the Spanish Succession had commenced in the Netherlands in 1702 with the
2006:
1578:
to Antwerp. On the west bank of the Scheldt a division under generals Coehoorn and
1488:
2771:
Van Alphen, Marc; Hoffenaar, Jan; Lemmers, Alan; Van der Spek, Christiaan (2019).
2005:
Estimates for number of men on the Franco-Spanish side varies more greatly. From
17:
1918:
1714:
662:
1443:
force of 12,000 men, which however managed to break out and retire to safety.
1742:
1682:
1622:
1555:
107:
94:
1927:
and begin to despise them as much as they were formerly despised by others.
1882:
1766:
1734:
1666:
1614:
1515:
1448:
1775:
1636:
3087:
Histori van Joan Churchill, hertog van Marlborough en prins van Mindelheim
1733:
started to fight the Franco-Spanish troops in a struggle reminiscent of a
1934:
1914:
1722:
1586:, and enclose Antwerp from the west side. Another division under general
1527:
1519:
1496:
1492:
3069:
Pelet-Clozeau, Jean-Jacques Germain; Vault, François-Eugène de (1835).
1938:
1849:
1828:
1808:
1758:
1698:
1690:
1511:
1507:
86:
82:
2140:
3096:
1833:
1726:
1705:
to cut off the escape route near Hoevenen for the Dutch to return to
1574:
1451:
was also displeased, as his superior force had let the Dutch escape.
78:
2217:
2215:
1661:
with part of the French army to link up with the Spanish, under the
1978:
Dutch map and description of the Battle of Ekeren, produced in 1703
2714:
2712:
2710:
1888:
1860:
1799:
1782:
1706:
1676:
1650:
1635:
1604:
1596:
1564:
1523:
1484:
1480:
293:
282:
271:
174:
2985:
De geschiedenis van Nederland, aan het Nederlandsche Volk verteld
1945:
would deter the Dutch from sending troops to Germany, where the
1762:
1479:
in 1632, the British commander followed the course of the river
341:
2426:
2424:
2300:
2298:
1531:
2773:
Krijgsmacht en Handelsgeest: Om het machtsevenwicht in Europa
2109:
2107:
2105:
1923:
The Dutch Horse has done wonders against the troops of the
1893:
Portrait of a Dutch cavalry officer at the Battle of Ekeren
1802:
to relieve the pressure on the Dutch troops in the polder.
2618:
2616:
2441:
2439:
2315:
2313:
2634:
2508:
2492:
2490:
2179:
1713:. The Bedmar and his Spanish troops were positioned near
2990:
The history of the Netherlands, told to the Dutch nation
2523:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2249:
2247:
2202:
2200:
2013:'s estimate of 40,000 men. The Franco-Spanish commander
1419:, which took place on 30 June 1703, was a battle of the
2661:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2867:
Military memoirs of Marlborough's campaigns, 1702-1712
2567:
2565:
2563:
2550:
2548:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2151:
2149:
1827:
sent their men wading through waist-deep water, with
1427:
army of around 24,000 men, consisting of troops from
2934:
Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research
2069:
lost by his tongue what he had gained by his sword.
1465:
unsuccessful assault of the French army on Nijmegen
2998:
2825:The Rise of Great Britain and Russia, 1688–1715/25
2221:
1886:foolhardiness' for the ultimate loss of Oorderen.
3062:] (Thesis) (in Dutch). Universiteit Utrecht.
2809:Bottema, J.K.H.L (1972). "Ekeren 30 juni 1703".
1949:was in an increasingly dire military situation.
1640:Map showing the movements of the various armies.
27:Part of the War of the Spanish Succession (1703)
2968:Krijgs – en geschiedkundige geschriften. Deel 1
2793:Militär-historisches Kriegs-Lexikon (1618–1905)
1846:
1499:succumbed to the Allies during this campaign.
34:
1757:. However, a charge by a detachment of French
1769:. Slangenburg, supported by Tilly, Fagel and
353:
8:
3131:Battles of the War of the Spanish Succession
2846:The art of warfare in the age of Marlborough
2718:
2430:
2304:
2191:
2113:
1689:Early in the morning of 30 June the French
1681:Contemporary Dutch map showing the battle.
2973:Military and historical writings. Volume 1
2754:
2583:
2539:
360:
346:
338:
31:
3136:Battles involving the Spanish Netherlands
2701:
2167:
3151:18th century in the Southern Netherlands
3079:] (in French). Imprimerie nationale.
2730:
2622:
2496:
2445:
2360:
2319:
2289:
2677:
2415:
2372:
2101:
2078:
1989:
1956:
2742:
2665:
2527:
2336:
2265:
2253:
2206:
2125:
3020:Marchal, Felix Paul Nicholas (1872).
2635:Parker & de Merode-Westerloo 1998
2509:Parker & de Merode-Westerloo 1998
2180:Parker & de Merode-Westerloo 1998
1844:, one of the French generals, wrote:
1573:Marlborough first proposed sieges of
327:2,500 killed or wounded, 800 captured
7:
3126:Battles involving the Dutch Republic
2975:] (in Dutch). H. A. M. Roelants.
2689:
2646:
2607:
2595:
2571:
2554:
2481:
2469:
2457:
2403:
2391:
2348:
2277:
2238:
2155:
1729:troops under Slangenburg, Tilly and
1542:In 1703 the campaign began with the
3090:(in Dutch). Loveringh en De Jonge.
2893:. George G. Harrap Co. Ltd London.
2028:Alberto Octavio Tserclaes de Tilly
1873:signs of victory such as captured
1534:to the Meuse. (See the map below)
25:
3037:De Veertigjarige Oorlog 1672–1712
1582:would attack the lines, opposite
1461:siege and capture of Kaiserswerth
330:At least 2,234 killed or wounded
3001:The Wars of Louis XIV: 1667–1714
1971:
1959:
1558:, for the purpose of countering
292:
281:
270:
259:
248:
236:
225:
214:
203:
184:
173:
160:
146:
48:
2890:Marlborough: His Life and Times
2828:. Cambridge: University Press.
1701:and Ekeren in the direction of
2992:] (in Dutch). Leiden; z.j.
2222:Pelet-Clozeau & Vault 1835
2009:'s estimate of 19,000 men, to
387:Low Countries and Upper France
129:
1:
3101:(in Dutch). Martinus Nijhoff.
1421:War of the Spanish Succession
42:War of the Spanish Succession
3054:Nimwegen, Olaf van (1995).
3035:Van Nimwegen, Olaf (2020).
3030:] (in French). Fonteyn.
2965:Knoop, Willem Jan (1861b).
2887:Churchill, Winston (1936).
1609:Louis-François de Boufflers
3172:
3084:De Vryer, Abraham (1738).
2982:Van Lennep, Jacob (1880).
2067:remarked that Slangenburg
1867:Jan Hoynck van Papendrecht
2921:"Frederik Johan van Baer"
1685:is shown in the top left.
1601:Jacob van Wassenaer Obdam
873:Italy and Southern France
383:
317:
304:
196:
139:
61:
47:
39:
3121:Battles involving France
3039:(in Dutch). Prometheus.
2919:Gietman, Conrad (2006).
2898:Coombs, Douglas (1958).
2843:Chandler, David (1976).
2351:, pp. 280–281, 293.
633:Grovestins' Cavalry Raid
108:51.2705556°N 4.4075000°E
3156:Battles involving Spain
2822:Bromley, J. S. (1970).
2790:Bodart, Gaston (1908).
1921:, Samuel Noyes, wrote:
1439:, surrounded a smaller
669:Germany and Upper Rhine
332:2,300 killed or wounded
323:1,700 killed or wounded
2997:Lynn, John A. (1999).
2904:. Springer Dordrecht.
2141:Van Alphen et al. 2019
1894:
1869:
1854:
1794:
1731:François Nicolas Fagel
1686:
1641:
1610:
1602:
1570:
1171:Santa Cruz de Tenerife
197:Commanders and leaders
2087:Capture of Maastricht
1903:his dismissal in 1705
1892:
1875:banners and standards
1864:
1786:
1680:
1639:
1608:
1600:
1588:Count Wassenaer Obdam
1568:
1096:Valencia de Alcántara
318:Casualties and losses
113:51.2705556; 4.4075000
2849:. Hippocrene Books.
2042:Dutch States General
1792:Constantijn Francken
1788:The Battle of Ekeren
1546:, which gave way to
1514:, and extended over
3095:Wijn, J.W. (1956).
2870:. Greenhill Books.
2757:, pp. 245–246.
2721:, pp. 269–270.
2598:, pp. 307–308.
2484:, pp. 305–306.
2472:, pp. 302–305.
2406:, pp. 297–299.
2280:, pp. 270–271.
1780:took over command.
1627:Lord of Slangenburg
1473:Spanish Netherlands
934:Castelnuovo Bormida
104: /
3146:History of Antwerp
2775:(in Dutch). Boom.
1947:Holy Roman Emperor
1895:
1870:
1821:Baron of Friesheim
1795:
1687:
1642:
1611:
1603:
1571:
1554:had stood firm at
1548:Menno van Coehoorn
1196:2nd Ciudad Rodrigo
1136:1st Ciudad Rodrigo
372:Spanish Succession
54:Battle of Ekeren,
3116:Conflicts in 1703
3046:978-90-446-3871-4
2946:Knoop, Willem Jan
2911:978-94-015-0359-4
2877:978-1-85367-330-6
2856:978-0-88254-366-6
2782:978-90-244-3038-3
2719:Van Nimwegen 2020
2431:Van Nimwegen 2020
2305:Van Nimwegen 2020
2192:Van Nimwegen 2020
2114:Van Nimwegen 2020
2011:Winston Churchill
1899:States of Holland
1695:Louis de Guiscard
1663:Marquis of Bedmar
1410:
1409:
1055:Iberian Peninsula
468:2nd Fort Isabella
393:1st Fort Isabella
336:
335:
135:
134:
18:Battle of Eckeren
16:(Redirected from
3163:
3102:
3091:
3080:
3063:
3050:
3031:
3016:
3004:
2993:
2976:
2961:
2941:
2928:
2915:
2894:
2881:
2860:
2839:
2818:
2811:Mars et Historia
2805:
2803:
2801:
2786:
2758:
2752:
2746:
2740:
2734:
2728:
2722:
2716:
2705:
2699:
2693:
2687:
2681:
2675:
2669:
2663:
2650:
2644:
2638:
2632:
2626:
2620:
2611:
2605:
2599:
2593:
2587:
2581:
2575:
2569:
2558:
2552:
2543:
2537:
2531:
2525:
2512:
2506:
2500:
2494:
2485:
2479:
2473:
2467:
2461:
2455:
2449:
2443:
2434:
2428:
2419:
2413:
2407:
2401:
2395:
2389:
2376:
2370:
2364:
2358:
2352:
2346:
2340:
2334:
2323:
2317:
2308:
2302:
2293:
2287:
2281:
2275:
2269:
2263:
2257:
2251:
2242:
2236:
2225:
2219:
2210:
2204:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2177:
2171:
2165:
2159:
2153:
2144:
2138:
2129:
2123:
2117:
2111:
2089:
2083:
2071:
2062:
2056:
2052:
2046:
2037:
2031:
2024:
2018:
2015:MĂ©rode-Westerloo
2003:
1997:
1994:
1975:
1963:
1925:French household
1779:
1751:MĂ©rode-Westerloo
1659:Duc de Boufflers
1417:Battle of Ekeren
1066:Castello de Vide
378:
377:
362:
355:
348:
339:
299:MĂ©rode-Westerloo
297:
296:
286:
285:
275:
274:
264:
263:
253:
252:
241:
240:
230:
229:
219:
218:
208:
207:
189:
188:
187:
178:
177:
170:
166:
164:
163:
152:
150:
149:
119:
118:
116:
115:
114:
109:
105:
102:
101:
100:
97:
63:
62:
52:
35:Battle of Ekeren
32:
21:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3161:
3160:
3106:
3105:
3094:
3083:
3068:
3053:
3047:
3034:
3019:
3013:
2996:
2981:
2964:
2944:
2931:
2918:
2912:
2897:
2886:
2878:
2863:
2857:
2842:
2836:
2821:
2808:
2799:
2797:
2789:
2783:
2770:
2767:
2762:
2761:
2755:Van Lennep 1880
2753:
2749:
2741:
2737:
2729:
2725:
2717:
2708:
2700:
2696:
2688:
2684:
2676:
2672:
2664:
2653:
2645:
2641:
2633:
2629:
2621:
2614:
2606:
2602:
2594:
2590:
2584:Van Lennep 1880
2582:
2578:
2570:
2561:
2553:
2546:
2540:Van Lennep 1880
2538:
2534:
2526:
2515:
2507:
2503:
2495:
2488:
2480:
2476:
2468:
2464:
2456:
2452:
2444:
2437:
2429:
2422:
2414:
2410:
2402:
2398:
2390:
2379:
2371:
2367:
2359:
2355:
2347:
2343:
2335:
2326:
2318:
2311:
2303:
2296:
2288:
2284:
2276:
2272:
2264:
2260:
2252:
2245:
2237:
2228:
2220:
2213:
2205:
2198:
2190:
2186:
2178:
2174:
2166:
2162:
2154:
2147:
2139:
2132:
2124:
2120:
2112:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2092:
2084:
2080:
2075:
2074:
2063:
2059:
2053:
2049:
2038:
2034:
2025:
2021:
2004:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1979:
1976:
1967:
1964:
1955:
1859:
1842:Duke of Berwick
1773:
1675:
1540:
1477:Frederick Henry
1463:, and with the
1457:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1377:Cap de la Roque
989:2nd Castiglione
894:1st Castiglione
379:
375:
374:
371:
368:
366:
331:
326:
324:
291:
290:
280:
279:
269:
268:
258:
257:
247:
235:
234:
224:
223:
213:
212:
202:
185:
183:
182:
172:
171:
161:
159:
158:
147:
145:
120:
112:
110:
106:
103:
98:
95:
93:
91:
90:
89:
53:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3169:
3167:
3159:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3141:1703 in Europe
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3108:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3092:
3081:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3045:
3032:
3017:
3011:
2994:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2942:
2929:
2916:
2910:
2895:
2884:
2883:
2882:
2876:
2855:
2840:
2835:978-0521075244
2834:
2819:
2806:
2787:
2781:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2747:
2735:
2723:
2706:
2704:, p. 668.
2702:Churchill 1936
2694:
2692:, p. 631.
2682:
2670:
2651:
2649:, p. 320.
2639:
2637:, p. 152.
2627:
2625:, p. 388.
2612:
2610:, p. 309.
2600:
2588:
2586:, p. 246.
2576:
2574:, p. 307.
2559:
2557:, p. 306.
2544:
2542:, p. 244.
2532:
2530:, p. 358.
2513:
2511:, p. 151.
2501:
2486:
2474:
2462:
2460:, p. 302.
2450:
2448:, p. 374.
2435:
2433:, p. 268.
2420:
2408:
2396:
2394:, p. 301.
2377:
2375:, p. 416.
2365:
2363:, p. 125.
2353:
2341:
2339:, p. 349.
2324:
2322:, p. 121.
2309:
2307:, p. 266.
2294:
2292:, p. 119.
2282:
2270:
2268:, p. 348.
2258:
2256:, p. 347.
2243:
2241:, p. 308.
2226:
2224:, p. 764.
2211:
2209:, p. 131.
2196:
2194:, p. 269.
2184:
2182:, p. 148.
2172:
2170:, p. 665.
2168:Churchill 1936
2160:
2158:, p. 308.
2145:
2130:
2118:
2116:, p. 267.
2100:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2077:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2065:Thomas Lediard
2057:
2047:
2032:
2019:
1998:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1977:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1958:
1954:
1951:
1858:
1855:
1825:Count of Dohna
1711:Bergen-op-Zoom
1674:
1671:
1631:Count of Tilly
1584:Dutch Flanders
1539:
1536:
1456:
1453:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1340:Saint Gotthard
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
899:Santa Vittoria
896:
891:
886:
881:
875:
874:
870:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
838:
837:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
671:
670:
666:
665:
660:
655:
653:2nd Le Quesnoy
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
623:1st Le Quesnoy
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
568:Saint Ghislain
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
389:
388:
384:
381:
380:
367:
365:
364:
357:
350:
342:
334:
333:
328:
320:
319:
315:
314:
311:
307:
306:
302:
301:
245:
199:
198:
194:
193:
156:
154:Dutch Republic
142:
141:
137:
136:
133:
132:
126:
122:
121:
85:, present-day
77:
75:
71:
70:
67:
59:
58:
45:
44:
37:
36:
30:
29:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3168:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3100:
3099:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3073:
3067:
3061:
3057:
3052:
3051:
3048:
3042:
3038:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3024:
3018:
3014:
3012:0-582-05629-2
3008:
3003:
3002:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2986:
2980:
2974:
2970:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2940:(149): 33–40.
2939:
2935:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2917:
2913:
2907:
2903:
2902:
2896:
2892:
2891:
2885:
2879:
2873:
2869:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2858:
2852:
2848:
2847:
2841:
2837:
2831:
2827:
2826:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2807:
2795:
2794:
2788:
2784:
2778:
2774:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2756:
2751:
2748:
2745:, p. 61.
2744:
2739:
2736:
2733:, p. 40.
2732:
2731:Johnston 1959
2727:
2724:
2720:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2698:
2695:
2691:
2686:
2683:
2679:
2674:
2671:
2668:, p. 64.
2667:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2643:
2640:
2636:
2631:
2628:
2624:
2623:De Vryer 1738
2619:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2604:
2601:
2597:
2592:
2589:
2585:
2580:
2577:
2573:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2551:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2536:
2533:
2529:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2505:
2502:
2499:, p. 53.
2498:
2497:Chandler 1976
2493:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2478:
2475:
2471:
2466:
2463:
2459:
2454:
2451:
2447:
2446:De Vryer 1738
2442:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2418:, p. 90.
2417:
2412:
2409:
2405:
2400:
2397:
2393:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2369:
2366:
2362:
2361:Nimwegen 1995
2357:
2354:
2350:
2345:
2342:
2338:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2320:Nimwegen 1995
2316:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2301:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2290:Nimwegen 1995
2286:
2283:
2279:
2274:
2271:
2267:
2262:
2259:
2255:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2218:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2188:
2185:
2181:
2176:
2173:
2169:
2164:
2161:
2157:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2143:, p. 82.
2142:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2128:, p. 59.
2127:
2122:
2119:
2115:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2095:
2088:
2082:
2079:
2070:
2066:
2061:
2058:
2051:
2048:
2043:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2023:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2002:
1999:
1993:
1990:
1983:
1974:
1969:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1943:Low Countries
1940:
1936:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1878:
1876:
1868:
1863:
1856:
1853:
1852:and trumpets.
1851:
1845:
1843:
1838:
1835:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1813:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1746:
1744:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1718:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1697:marched from
1696:
1692:
1684:
1679:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1655:supply itself
1652:
1648:
1638:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1607:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1576:
1567:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1544:siege of Bonn
1537:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1392:Cabrita Point
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1366:Naval battles
1365:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1291:4th Barcelona
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
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1126:3rd Barcelona
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1111:2nd Barcelona
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1091:2nd Gibraltar
1089:
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1081:1st Gibraltar
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1071:1st Barcelona
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180:Bourbon Spain
176:
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117:
96:51°16′14.00″N
88:
84:
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73:
72:
68:
65:
64:
60:
57:
56:Jasper Broers
51:
46:
43:
38:
33:
19:
3097:
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3000:
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2972:
2967:
2957:
2956:(in Dutch).
2953:
2937:
2933:
2924:
2900:
2889:
2866:
2845:
2824:
2814:
2810:
2798:. Retrieved
2792:
2772:
2750:
2738:
2726:
2697:
2685:
2678:Gietman 2006
2673:
2642:
2630:
2603:
2591:
2579:
2535:
2504:
2477:
2465:
2453:
2416:Marchal 1872
2411:
2399:
2373:Bromley 1970
2368:
2356:
2344:
2285:
2273:
2261:
2187:
2175:
2163:
2121:
2081:
2068:
2060:
2050:
2045:Netherlands.
2035:
2022:
2007:John A. Lynn
2001:
1992:
1931:
1922:
1910:
1907:
1896:
1879:
1871:
1847:
1839:
1814:
1796:
1787:
1747:
1739:
1719:
1688:
1643:
1612:
1592:
1572:
1541:
1501:
1489:Stevensweert
1458:
1445:
1416:
1414:
1402:Lizard Point
1382:Cape Spartel
1256:Villaviciosa
1039:Fenestrelles
825:2nd Haguenau
815:1st Haguenau
795:2nd Trarbach
760:Schellenberg
730:Munderkingen
695:1st Trarbach
675:Kaiserswerth
658:2nd Bouchain
613:1st Bouchain
603:Saint-Venant
452:
418:Stevensweert
140:Belligerents
99:4°24′27.00″E
69:30 June 1703
40:Part of the
3005:. Longman.
2927:(in Dutch).
2817:(4): 73–81.
2796:(in German)
2743:Knoop 1861a
2666:Coombs 1958
2528:Knoop 1861b
2337:Knoop 1861b
2266:Knoop 1861b
2254:Knoop 1861b
2207:Bodart 1908
2126:Knoop 1861a
1919:Royal Scots
1774: [
1715:Wilmarsdonk
1469:Marlborough
1397:Beachy Head
1360:Nagymajtény
1330:Nagyszombat
1315:Schmöllnitz
1296:2nd Majorca
1156:1st Majorca
1101:Albuquerque
1004:Pizzigetone
999:Alessandria
847:3rd Hagenau
805:Lauterbourg
800:Wissembourg
685:Friedlingen
643:Marchiennes
558:Hondschoote
528:Dendermonde
403:Saint Donas
325:700 missing
221:Slangenburg
111: /
3110:Categories
2950:"Coehoorn"
2800:3 February
2096:References
1683:Fort Lillo
1667:grenadiers
1623:Fort Lillo
1615:battalions
1556:Maastricht
1455:Background
1310:Eisenstadt
1286:2nd Girona
1261:1st Girona
1246:2nd Madrid
1151:El AlbujĂłn
1141:1st Madrid
1076:Portalegre
909:Borgoforte
862:4th Landau
857:Rumersheim
852:Stollhofen
820:Drusenheim
790:3rd Landau
775:Ingolstadt
750:2nd Landau
745:Speyerbach
720:Sigharting
680:1st Landau
628:Landrécies
583:Malplaquet
548:Wijnendale
398:Middelburg
370:War of the
2948:(1861a).
2690:Wijn 1956
2647:Wijn 1956
2608:Wijn 1956
2596:Wijn 1956
2572:Wijn 1956
2555:Wijn 1956
2482:Wijn 1956
2470:Wijn 1956
2458:Wijn 1956
2404:Wijn 1956
2392:Wijn 1956
2349:Wijn 1956
2278:Wijn 1956
2239:Wijn 1956
2156:Lynn 1999
2055:Nimwegen.
1883:Louis XIV
1857:Aftermath
1771:Jacob Hop
1767:The Hague
1755:Verschuer
1735:rearguard
1619:squadrons
1552:Ouwerkerk
1516:Herentals
1449:Louis XIV
1266:Aren Fort
1231:La Gudiña
1176:CastellĂłn
1131:Alcántara
1121:San Mateo
979:Calcinato
964:Mirandola
919:Governolo
914:Guastalla
842:Aidenbach
770:Villingen
740:Höchstädt
700:Andernach
690:Rheinberg
648:2nd Douai
593:1st Douai
553:Leffinghe
538:Oudenarde
508:Ramillies
498:Zandvliet
493:Zoutleeuw
478:2nd Liége
438:Groesbeek
428:1st Liége
255:Boufflers
130:Aftermath
2085:See the
1935:Limbourg
1915:Chaplain
1829:bayonets
1823:and the
1817:pioneers
1804:Hompesch
1759:dragoons
1737:action.
1723:Oorderen
1703:Kapellen
1691:dragoons
1560:Villeroy
1528:Mehaigne
1526:and the
1520:Aarschot
1493:Roermond
1372:Vigo Bay
1271:Venasque
1251:Brihuega
1241:Zaragoza
1226:Alicante
1106:MontjuĂŻc
1049:Syracuse
1024:2nd Susa
959:Chivasso
944:Vercelli
939:1st Susa
867:Freiburg
835:Sendling
780:Blenheim
755:Augsburg
735:Breisach
705:Neubourg
563:Brussels
488:Elixheim
443:Tongeren
423:Roermond
408:Nijmegen
305:Strength
288:A. Tilly
266:Guiscard
232:C. Tilly
74:Location
2954:De Gids
2765:Sources
1953:Gallery
1939:Geldern
1917:of the
1850:timpani
1809:Scheldt
1699:Merksem
1647:Stekene
1617:and 26
1538:Prelude
1512:Antwerp
1508:Scheldt
1504:Brabant
1475:. Like
1437:Cologne
1425:Bourbon
1345:TrenÄŤĂn
1303:Hungary
1281:Cardona
1276:Tortosa
1236:Almenar
1216:Minorca
1211:Tortosa
1206:Morella
1186:Almansa
1181:Villena
1116:Badajoz
1034:Exilles
969:Cassano
904:Luzzara
889:Cremona
830:Bavaria
810:Homburg
710:Geldern
598:BĂ©thune
578:Tournai
513:Antwerp
483:3rd Huy
473:2nd Huy
463:Limburg
458:1st Huy
448:Stekene
191:Cologne
87:Belgium
83:Antwerp
3043:
3009:
2908:
2874:
2853:
2832:
2779:
1834:sluice
1763:sashes
1727:polder
1673:Battle
1580:Sparre
1575:Ostend
1429:France
1387:Málaga
1350:Kölesd
1201:Lleida
1191:XĂ tiva
1161:Cuenca
1146:Murcia
1044:Cesana
1019:Toulon
1009:Casale
954:Verrua
884:Chiari
663:Knocke
638:Denain
518:Ostend
453:Ekeren
376:Europe
313:24,000
310:12,000
277:Bedmar
168:France
165:
151:
125:Result
79:Ekeren
3075:[
3058:[
3026:[
2988:[
2971:[
1984:Notes
1933:Huy,
1778:]
1743:drill
1707:Breda
1651:Hulst
1649:near
1530:near
1524:Diest
1497:Liège
1485:Venlo
1481:Meuse
1441:Dutch
1433:Spain
1355:Kassa
1335:ZsibĂł
1221:Denia
1166:Elche
1086:Ceuta
1061:Cádiz
1029:Gaeta
1014:Milan
994:Pavia
984:Turin
949:Ivrea
879:Carpi
618:Arras
573:Ghent
543:Lille
523:Menin
503:Diest
433:Hulst
413:Venlo
243:Fagel
210:Obdam
3041:ISBN
3007:ISBN
2906:ISBN
2872:ISBN
2851:ISBN
2830:ISBN
2802:2023
2777:ISBN
1937:and
1840:The
1800:dyke
1709:and
1629:and
1495:and
1435:and
1423:. A
1415:The
1325:Páta
1320:Raab
974:Nice
929:Arco
924:Nago
765:Rain
725:Bonn
715:Kehl
608:Aire
588:Mons
128:See
66:Date
1790:by
1693:of
1532:Huy
1510:at
785:Ulm
533:Ath
3112::
2958:25
2952:.
2938:37
2936:.
2923:.
2813:.
2709:^
2654:^
2615:^
2562:^
2547:^
2516:^
2489:^
2438:^
2423:^
2380:^
2327:^
2312:^
2297:^
2246:^
2229:^
2214:^
2199:^
2148:^
2133:^
2104:^
1905:.
1776:nl
1522:,
1518:,
1491:,
1487:,
1467:.
1431:,
81:,
3049:.
3015:.
2960:.
2914:.
2880:.
2859:.
2838:.
2815:7
2804:.
2785:.
2680:.
361:e
354:t
347:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
