304:, where Nur sent spies to see how strong he was and what he was doing, and on their return they said that he had many men and was occupying himself in festivities, and that in his court it was all singing and dancing, eating and drinking wine to excess. On hearing this, he called his chief officers and, telling them what was happening, made them swear not to drink wine under any circumstances. and at the same time he exhorted them to fast and to pray, together with the rest of the men, and in this they persevered for a long time. Later he sent his spies again, and they found the emperor and his men as before, with music and festivities, eating and drinking in excess; he gathered his captains and told them, 'It is now time for us to go against this man, because God has delivered him into our hands". Nur departed from his land straight away with the
795:
912:
152:
123:
1030:
163:
134:
29:
362:
instead." That is something truly notable and all the more worthy of consideration since the one who did that had less knowledge of God. When the celebrations ended, the great men asked Nur to release them from the oath that he had imposed on them not to drink wine, since the war was now over. But he
353:
later mentions that the
Adalites took many riches and captives and when they were about to celebrate their victory. He wrote that Nur replied to them that he had not achieved that victory through his own strength, but that God, no less, had given it to him. Therefore, in recognition of this, he said,
259:
considers this battle a decisive defeat for the
Ethiopian Empire. "Not only did Galawdewos' death produce terrible grief throughout the Christian land, it left the political scene uncertain and fluid. After this battle, this force was never able to regain its full strength and failed to win back an
404:
near Burka, close to modern-day Asba Tafari. He drove the Amhara south to Biyyoo Arabaa, scattering their troops. Additionally, the
Muslims secured a notable victory over the Christian forces at a location known as Bakha.According to Arsi-Hadiyya tradition, Nur is said to have established his
319:
when he received a message from Emir Nur challenging him to combat. When the
Emperor met the Emir, a priest warned that the angel Gabriel had told him Gelawdewos would needlessly risk his lifeâwhich caused most of the Ethiopian army to flee.According to Galawdewos' chronicle, Nur invaded
363:
refused outright to do so; instead, he obliged them to swear again, saying, "You will not drink any wine for three years, in acknowledgment of what I owe God for the remarkable victory that He has given me, because my army had been incomparably smaller than the emperor's."
762:
1289:
324:
to confront
Gelawdewos and camped in one of the lands in the land of Fatagar. Gelawdewos went towards his camp and after twelve days he pitched his camp, having left a space between him and Nur a distance of a riflescope. On
779:
513:
region, migrated westward during Nur's reign and settled east of Lake Zway, in areas suitable for livestock breeding whilst the
Gajeeda clan spread among the Ittuu and Arsi. The Habarnoosa claim descent from the
457:
would endorse these military colonists to settle in the newly conquered territories as it would help expand the area of
Islamic control westward towards the Christian heartlands. The remainders of the previous
329:
1559, at six oâclock during the day, a battle took place between GĂ€lawdewos and Nur. The battle was so fierce on that day, the smoke of the fire of the fighting covered the sun, as thick as fog. According to a
280:
had stipulated to Nur that she would solely marry him, if he were to cause the death of the emperor of
Ethiopia. This achievement was necessary to pave the way for Nur in being acknowledged by the citizens of
802:
was the successor of Ahmad Grañ .This refers to the death of GalÄwdÄwos in 1559 at the hands of Nur, who came from Adal in order to kill GalÄwdÄwos so that he could marry
Dulwambara.
815:
601:
Afterwards, the revival of the Muslim sultanate of ÊżAdal under its new leader NĆ«r b. MuǧÄáž„id who succeeded to control the southern part of the
Christian empire is discussed
381:
for several weeks on a pole. Adalite chroniclers mentioned that they had seen the decapitated head with their own two eyes. They later mentioned that he devastated the
1445:
1450:
308:
including 1,700 cavalry and many foot soldiers. When the emperor heard that he was coming, he went out to encounter him with many cavalry and foot soldiers.
614:
373:
had caused Christian military power in the area to crumble. Nur then severed the monarch's head and despatched it with him triumphantly, to the "
1416:
1389:
1345:
1272:
1242:
1212:
1185:
1094:
1067:
1040:
922:
338:
cavalry, which gave him a death blow. It was mentioned in the' chronicle, that he was surrounded by about twenty horsemen who pierced his
393:. Many of his conquerors would execute the male inhabitants of these regions while sparing the women subsequently assimilating them.
1084:
1406:
1379:
1262:
1175:
996:
711:
684:
577:
1057:
986:
701:
334:
chronicle, early in the battle Galawdéwos was shot with a hot bullet, but continued struggling until encircled by numerous
1362:
366:
1135:
1440:
478:
467:
414:
277:
1455:
1306:
486:
459:
674:
463:
234:
312:
1158:
727:
567:
1059:
The Ethiopian Borderlands: Essays in Regional History from Ancient Times to the End of the 18th Century
522:, where the descendants of these troops retained the name Barbare, believed to be derived from the
315:
tells a slightly different account, adding that Gelawdewos had been supervising the restoration of
873:
1347:
Cinq annĂ©es de recherches archĂ©ologiques en Ăthiopie: Province du Harar et Ăthiopie mĂ©ridionale
1412:
1385:
1326:
1268:
1238:
1208:
1181:
1090:
1063:
1036:
992:
918:
707:
680:
573:
510:
397:
1318:
446:
386:
382:
273:
246:
170:
137:
104:
1015:
The Chronicle of King GĂ€lawdewos (1540-1559): A Critical Edition with Annotated Translation
971:
The Chronicle of King GĂ€lawdewos (1540-1559): A Critical Edition with Annotated Translation
954:
The Chronicle of King GĂ€lawdewos (1540-1559): A Critical Edition with Annotated Translation
633:
The Chronicle of King GĂ€lawdewos (1540-1559): A Critical Edition with Annotated Translation
596:
The Chronicle of King GĂ€lawdewos (1540-1559): A Critical Edition with Annotated Translation
1145:
I personally saw the head of the king with my own eyes - may the curse of God be upon him!
454:
331:
326:
256:
242:
156:
1408:
A History of the Hadiyya in Southern Ethiopia: Translated from German by Geraldine Krause
1381:
A History of the Hadiyya in Southern Ethiopia: Translated from German by Geraldine Krause
1264:
A History of the Hadiyya in Southern Ethiopia: Translated from German by Geraldine Krause
1177:
A History of the Hadiyya in Southern Ethiopia: Translated from German by Geraldine Krause
389:
also stated that Nur had laid waste to all the country and penetrated into the centre of
750:(PhD thesis). University of London, School of Oriental and African Studies. p. 221.
473:
The troops that were recruited from the eastern Horn of Africa for the conquest such as
434:
418:
410:
374:
238:
127:
90:
1110:
bin Muhammad bin Hussein bin Muhammad bin Alawi Shanbal Al-Ba'alawi, Abu Bakr (1577).
1434:
523:
474:
430:
422:
401:
350:
335:
297:
519:
515:
502:
498:
442:
426:
261:
892:
162:
133:
1232:
1202:
844:
531:
494:
301:
1322:
1111:
477:
soldiers, sometimes remained in the newly conquered western territories, like
370:
316:
250:
166:
1330:
421:
River area composed a significant proportion of Nur's forces, alongside the
390:
293:
1083:
Akyeampong, Emmanuel Kwaku; Jr, Professor Henry Louis Gates (2012-02-02).
748:
The Oromo of Ethiopia, 1500-1850: with Special Emphasis on the Gibe Region
764:
A History of Ethiopia: Volume II (Routledge Revivals) Nubia and Abyssinia
550:
438:
305:
877:
861:
253:. The Ethiopian Emperor was later killed by Adal forces in this battle.
849:(in Somali). Wasaaradda Waxbarashada iyo Barbaarinta. 1976. p. 72.
834:
Memoria della Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Vol. 4, No. 2, Rome, 1931
527:
482:
321:
78:
34:
781:
The Historical Geography of Ethiopia From the First Century AD to 1704
490:
453:. These groups later decide to settle permanently in this land. Emir
450:
359:
569:
Moving People in Ethiopia: Development, Displacement & the State
616:
Chronique de GalĂąwdĂȘwos (Claudius), roi d'Ethiopie: Texte Ă©thiopien
233:) was a reprisal conflict between the previous participants of the
28:
1013:
969:
952:
631:
594:
506:
406:
378:
355:
282:
1029:
Boavida, Isabel; Pennec, Hervé; Ramos, Manuel João (2020-04-28).
911:
Boavida, Isabel; Pennec, Hervé; Ramos, Manuel João (2020-04-28).
862:"Amharische Geschichte eines Emirs von Harar im XVI. Jahrhundert"
339:
1350:(in French). Librairie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner. p. 186.
530:. This information was affirmed by the Barbare people from the
103:
Adal succeeds in regaining control of the southern part of the
16:
1559 battle between the Ethiopian Empire and Sultanate of Harar
497:
territory, identifiable by their ethnic origins, such as the
300:
wrote that in March 1559, Gelawdewos was in the Kingdom of
1364:
Ethiopia After Haile Selassie: The Government Land Factor
409:
chasing the Christian military forces reaching as far as
1291:
La langue harari et les dialectes Ă©thiopiens du GouraghĂȘ
441:
would migrate to the region at Mount Duro south-east of
413:. During this westward expansion, the Semitic-speaking
377:". Gelawdewos' head was said to have been displayed in
1032:Pedro PĂĄez's History of Ethiopia, 1622 / Volume II
914:Pedro PĂĄez's History of Ethiopia, 1622 / Volume II
1307:"BeitrÀge zur Geschichte des Islam in Abessinien"
1120:] (in Arabic). Harar: DigiVatLib. p. 11.
285:, and the widow of Ahmed as the leader of Adal.
21:
358:, showing pomp and splendour, but that humble
260:inch of land lost before 1559 to the pastoral
1234:A History of the Hadiyya in Southern Ethiopia
1204:A History of the Hadiyya in Southern Ethiopia
872:(Orientalia, vol. 4 ed.). GBPress: 488.
663:Solomon, The Chronicle, p. 246, Chap. 84
659:
657:
655:
653:
651:
649:
647:
645:
643:
8:
1163:. A. Bettesworth, and C. Hitch. p. 317.
832:Documenti arabi per la storia dellâEthiopia,
81:, Ethiopian Empire (eastern border of Wollo)
566:Pankhurst, Alula; Piguet, François (2009).
466:conflict, were not able to withstand these
619:(in Amharic). E. Bouillon. pp. 95â97.
237:. It was fought between the forces of the
27:
18:
1305:Plazikowsky-Brauner, Herma (1957-01-01).
974:. UniversitĂ€t Hamburg. pp. 232â233.
957:. UniversitĂ€t Hamburg. pp. 230â231.
636:. UniversitĂ€t Hamburg. pp. 123â126.
518:Another troop of Nur's army reached the
396:Emir Nur spent a considerable period at
1143:. Istituto per l'Oriente. p. 177.
1062:. The Red Sea Press. pp. 246â247.
542:
433:tribes who traditionally dominated the
1446:Battles involving the Ethiopian Empire
489:. The legacy of these people from the
1256:
1254:
1226:
1224:
1129:
1127:
462:population who had only survived the
405:headquarters at Mogo in the south of
7:
1451:Battles involving the Adal Sultanate
1367:. Royal African Society. p. 72.
1237:. Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 115.
1207:. Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 115.
900:. University of London. p. 184.
767:. Taylor & Francis. p. 350.
1294:(in French). E. Leroux. p. 79.
1018:. UniversitÀt Hamburg. p. 233.
941:(New York: Praeger, 1966), pp. 183f
820:. Taylor & Francis. p. 91.
797:Works Issued by the Hakluyt Society
735:. Harar Tourism Bureau. p. 71.
599:. UniversitÀt Hamburg. p. 32.
1288:Mondon-Vidailhet, Casimir (1902).
1160:Sequel of the Account of Abyssinia
400:, engaging in battles against the
37:depicted in Fra Mauro's world map
14:
1012:Beyene, Solomon Gebreyes (2016).
968:Beyene, Solomon Gebreyes (2016).
951:Beyene, Solomon Gebreyes (2016).
676:Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia
630:Beyene, Solomon Gebreyes (2016).
613:Conzelman, William Eliot (1895).
593:Beyene, Solomon Gebreyes (2016).
1411:. Harrassowitz, O. p. 117.
1384:. Harrassowitz, O. p. 117.
1267:. Harrassowitz, O. p. 116.
1180:. Harrassowitz, O. p. 117.
679:. Scarecrow Press. p. 174.
161:
150:
132:
121:
1344:François), Azaïs (R P. (1931).
1086:Dictionary of African Biography
784:. British Academy. p. 135.
991:. Red Sea Press. p. 246.
939:First Footsteps in East Africa
706:. Red Sea Press. p. 246.
1:
38:
800:. The Society. p. 117.
729:History of Harar and Hararis
272:The de facto leader of Adal
1405:BraukÀmper, Ulrich (2014).
1378:BraukÀmper, Ulrich (2014).
1261:BraukÀmper, Ulrich (2014).
1231:BraukÀmper, Ulrich (2012).
1201:BraukÀmper, Ulrich (2012).
1174:BraukÀmper, Ulrich (2014).
1056:Pankhurst, Richard (1997).
985:Pankhurst, Richard (1997).
700:Pankhurst, Richard (1997).
1472:
1323:10.1515/islm.1957.32.3.310
555:. Encyclopedia Aethiopica.
278:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi
1137:Islam Yesterday and Today
988:The Ethiopian Borderlands
703:The Ethiopian Borderlands
210:
190:"Numerous" Large archers
180:
143:
114:
45:
33:The historical region of
26:
1134:Cerulli, Enrico (2013).
1089:. OUP USA. p. 451.
1035:. Taylor & Francis.
917:. Taylor & Francis.
746:Mohammed Hassen (1983).
501:and Garjeeda clans. The
229:(alternatively known as
61:â 7 April 1559
1361:Cohen, John M. (1973).
1157:Lobo, JerĂłnimo (1735).
375:Country of Sa'ad ad-Din
53:23 March 1559
894:Oromo of Ethiopia 1500
313:Richard Francis Burton
311:However, the explorer
144:Commanders and leaders
673:Shinn, David (2004).
211:Casualties and losses
860:Wendt, Kurt (1935).
778:Huntingford, G.W.B.
369:stated the death of
354:"I will not ride a
192:"Numerous" spearmen
891:Hassan, Mohammad.
505:, originated from
445:while some of the
235:EthiopianâAdal War
1441:Conflicts in 1559
1418:978-3-447-19264-4
1391:978-3-447-19264-4
1274:978-3-447-19264-4
1244:978-3-447-06804-8
1214:978-3-447-06804-8
1187:978-3-447-19264-4
1096:978-0-19-538207-5
1069:978-0-932415-19-6
1042:978-1-351-81434-8
924:978-1-351-81434-8
817:Islam in Ethiopia
227:Battle of Fatagar
223:
222:
205:700 Foot soldiers
110:
109:
22:Battle of Fatagar
1463:
1456:History of Harar
1423:
1422:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1258:
1249:
1248:
1228:
1219:
1218:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1131:
1122:
1121:
1118:History of Kings
1107:
1101:
1100:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1009:
1003:
1002:
982:
976:
975:
965:
959:
958:
948:
942:
937:Richard Burton,
935:
929:
928:
908:
902:
901:
899:
888:
882:
881:
857:
851:
850:
841:
835:
830:Dr. E. Cerulli,
828:
822:
821:
811:
805:
804:
792:
786:
785:
775:
769:
768:
758:
752:
751:
743:
737:
736:
734:
724:
718:
717:
697:
691:
690:
670:
664:
661:
638:
637:
627:
621:
620:
610:
604:
603:
590:
584:
583:
572:. James Currey.
563:
557:
556:
547:
520:Gurage Mountains
417:people from the
274:Bati del Wambara
247:Ethiopian Empire
175:
165:
155:
154:
153:
138:Ethiopian Empire
136:
126:
125:
124:
105:Ethiopian Empire
68:
66:
60:
58:
47:
46:
40:
31:
19:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1460:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1419:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1392:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1275:
1260:
1259:
1252:
1245:
1230:
1229:
1222:
1215:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1188:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1140:
1133:
1132:
1125:
1113:Tarikh Al-Muluk
1109:
1108:
1104:
1097:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1070:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1043:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1011:
1010:
1006:
999:
984:
983:
979:
967:
966:
962:
950:
949:
945:
936:
932:
925:
910:
909:
905:
897:
890:
889:
885:
859:
858:
854:
843:
842:
838:
829:
825:
814:Trimingham, J.
813:
812:
808:
794:
793:
789:
777:
776:
772:
760:
759:
755:
745:
744:
740:
732:
726:
725:
721:
714:
699:
698:
694:
687:
672:
671:
667:
662:
641:
629:
628:
624:
612:
611:
607:
592:
591:
587:
580:
565:
564:
560:
549:
548:
544:
539:
348:
327:Maundy Thursday
291:
270:
257:Mohammed Hassen
243:Nur ibn Mujahid
206:
204:
202:
201:100 Musketeers
200:
198:
191:
189:
188:500 Musketeers
187:
171:
157:Nur ibn Mujahid
151:
149:
122:
120:
99:
82:
64:
62:
56:
54:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1469:
1467:
1459:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1433:
1432:
1425:
1424:
1417:
1397:
1390:
1370:
1353:
1336:
1297:
1280:
1273:
1250:
1243:
1220:
1213:
1193:
1186:
1166:
1149:
1123:
1102:
1095:
1075:
1068:
1048:
1041:
1021:
1004:
997:
977:
960:
943:
930:
923:
903:
883:
852:
836:
823:
806:
787:
770:
753:
738:
719:
712:
692:
685:
665:
639:
622:
605:
585:
578:
558:
541:
540:
538:
535:
464:Ethiopian-Adal
347:
344:
290:
287:
269:
266:
249:under Emperor
239:Adal Sultanate
221:
220:
217:
213:
212:
208:
207:
193:
183:
182:
178:
177:
159:
146:
145:
141:
140:
130:
128:Adal Sultanate
117:
116:
112:
111:
108:
107:
101:
95:
94:
88:
84:
83:
76:
74:
70:
69:
51:
43:
42:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1468:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1429:
1420:
1414:
1410:
1409:
1401:
1398:
1393:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1374:
1371:
1366:
1365:
1357:
1354:
1349:
1348:
1340:
1337:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1313:(in German).
1312:
1308:
1301:
1298:
1293:
1292:
1284:
1281:
1276:
1270:
1266:
1265:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1246:
1240:
1236:
1235:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1210:
1206:
1205:
1197:
1194:
1189:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1170:
1167:
1162:
1161:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1139:
1138:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1114:
1106:
1103:
1098:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1079:
1076:
1071:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1052:
1049:
1044:
1038:
1034:
1033:
1025:
1022:
1017:
1016:
1008:
1005:
1000:
998:9780932415196
994:
990:
989:
981:
978:
973:
972:
964:
961:
956:
955:
947:
944:
940:
934:
931:
926:
920:
916:
915:
907:
904:
896:
895:
887:
884:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
856:
853:
848:
847:
840:
837:
833:
827:
824:
819:
818:
810:
807:
803:
799:
798:
791:
788:
783:
782:
774:
771:
766:
765:
757:
754:
749:
742:
739:
731:
730:
723:
720:
715:
713:9780932415196
709:
705:
704:
696:
693:
688:
686:9780810865662
682:
678:
677:
669:
666:
660:
658:
656:
654:
652:
650:
648:
646:
644:
640:
635:
634:
626:
623:
618:
617:
609:
606:
602:
598:
597:
589:
586:
581:
579:9781847016133
575:
571:
570:
562:
559:
554:
553:
546:
543:
536:
534:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
471:
470:conquerors.
469:
465:
461:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
419:Webi Shabelle
416:
412:
408:
403:
399:
394:
392:
388:
387:Jeronimo Lobo
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
361:
357:
352:
345:
343:
342:with a lance
341:
337:
333:
328:
323:
318:
314:
309:
307:
303:
299:
295:
288:
286:
284:
279:
276:and widow of
275:
267:
265:
263:
258:
254:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
218:
215:
214:
209:
197:
194:
186:1,800 Cavalry
185:
184:
179:
176:
174:
168:
164:
160:
158:
148:
147:
142:
139:
135:
131:
129:
119:
118:
113:
106:
102:
97:
96:
92:
89:
86:
85:
80:
75:
72:
71:
52:
49:
48:
44:
36:
30:
25:
20:
1428:
1407:
1400:
1380:
1373:
1363:
1356:
1346:
1339:
1314:
1310:
1300:
1290:
1283:
1263:
1233:
1203:
1196:
1176:
1169:
1159:
1152:
1144:
1136:
1117:
1112:
1105:
1085:
1078:
1058:
1051:
1031:
1024:
1014:
1007:
987:
980:
970:
963:
953:
946:
938:
933:
913:
906:
893:
886:
869:
865:
855:
845:
839:
831:
826:
816:
809:
801:
796:
790:
780:
773:
763:
761:Budge, E.A.
756:
747:
741:
728:
722:
702:
695:
675:
668:
632:
625:
615:
608:
600:
595:
588:
568:
561:
551:
545:
493:remained in
472:
443:Lake Langano
395:
365:
349:
310:
292:
271:
255:
230:
226:
224:
195:
172:
115:Belligerents
552:Nur Mujahid
532:Gurage Zone
449:flocked to
385:countries.
203:500 Archers
199:250 Cavalry
196:Total:1,550
98:Territorial
1435:Categories
1317:(3): 317.
866:Orientalia
537:References
516:Habr Yonis
503:Habr Yonis
499:Habr Yonis
383:Abyssinian
371:Gelawdewos
317:Debre Werq
298:Pedro Paez
268:Background
251:Gelawdewos
245:, and the
167:Gelawdewos
77:Nech Sar,
65:1559-04-07
57:1559-03-23
1331:1613-0928
1311:Der Islam
460:Christian
437:army.The
391:Abyssinia
367:Pankhurst
346:Aftermath
878:43581078
846:Taariikh
526:port of
511:Chercher
439:Welbarag
398:Chercher
306:Malassay
296:Jesuit,
231:Nech Sar
181:Strength
73:Location
528:Berbera
509:in the
483:Sharkha
415:Hadiyya
322:Fatagar
294:Spanish
241:led by
216:Minimal
173:†
100:changes
93:victory
91:Adalite
79:Fatagar
63: (
55: (
35:Fatagar
1415:
1388:
1329:
1271:
1241:
1211:
1184:
1093:
1066:
1039:
995:
921:
876:
710:
683:
576:
524:Somali
491:Ogaden
485:, and
479:Hadiya
475:Somali
468:Hadiya
451:Munesa
447:Silt'e
431:Somali
429:, and
427:Harala
423:Harari
402:Amhara
336:Harari
332:Harari
289:Battle
169:
87:Result
1141:(PDF)
1116:[
898:(PDF)
874:JSTOR
733:(PDF)
507:Hirna
411:Kaffa
407:Shewa
379:Harar
356:horse
283:Harar
262:Oromo
219:Heavy
1413:ISBN
1386:ISBN
1327:ISSN
1269:ISBN
1239:ISBN
1209:ISBN
1182:ISBN
1091:ISBN
1064:ISBN
1037:ISBN
993:ISBN
919:ISBN
708:ISBN
681:ISBN
574:ISBN
495:Arsi
487:Bale
435:Adal
351:Paez
340:loin
225:The
50:Date
41:1450
1319:doi
455:Nur
360:ass
302:Oye
264:."
1437::
1325:.
1315:32
1309:.
1253:^
1223:^
1126:^
868:.
864:.
642:^
481:,
425:,
39:c.
1421:.
1394:.
1333:.
1321::
1277:.
1247:.
1217:.
1190:.
1099:.
1072:.
1045:.
1001:.
927:.
880:.
870:4
716:.
689:.
582:.
67:)
59:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.