112:
738:(Long live the king!) The Republicans showered him with bullets, but he was unwounded. Turning, he shouted to his men, "The Blues (republicans) do not know how to shoot." The insurgents rushed forward and took the city. The general advance of the insurgents, who had little ammunition and few weapons, caused disorder among the Republican troops; they fled. The insurgents recaptured their cannon, a symbol of their unity, and acquired, in the process, stores of grain and weapons.
101:
746:
The battle was not without its controversy. Upon entering the city, the insurgents found streets full of republicans in full panic. One of them pleaded for his life from
Bonchamps, and it was granted, upon which the man shot Bonchamps. Dangerously wounded, Bonchamps instructed Lescure to secure the
674:
was the first trigger of the rebellion. Nonjuring priests had been exiled or imprisoned. Women on their way to Mass were beaten in the streets. Religious orders had been suppressed and Church property, confiscated. On 3 March 1793, virtually all the churches were ordered closed. Soldiers confiscated
720:
On 16 June, Vendéen troops attacked the town, and were successfully held off by the small
Republican force garrisoned there. D'Elbee was wounded, 200 men were taken prisoner, guns, rifles and baggage were lost, including a favorite cannon of the insurgents, which they had christened Marie-Jeanne.
682:; very few peasants benefited from the sales. To add to this insult, on 23 February 1793 the Convention required the raising of an additional 300,000 troops from the provinces, an act which enraged the populace, who took up arms instead as "
733:
advanced to the head of his column did the insurgent army move forward. Reportedly, Lescure, who had given his men the command to attack, saw them waver and hang back. Alone he advanced, waved his hat, and shouted (reportedly)
724:
After the battle, the
Vendean army melted away, as if, one chronicler wrote, "into thin air." Yet, within days, as many as 35,000 men gathered at Chatillon, and moved toward Fontenay. Under the command of
721:
Commander Sandoz wrote to the government in Paris, assuring them that the peasants were routed. A proclamation, addressed to the insurgents, appealed to their revolutionary nature, but without success.
747:
safety of the royalists already imprisoned there; while
Lescure was away, Bonchamps' own men killed the man who had shot their general, and then killed all his companions too, some 60 Republicans.
671:
631:
in Vendée, France, and ended in a
Royalist victory. The first battle resulted in the town's successful resistance to the insurgent army; the second battle resulted in the Vendean victory.
193:
648:
1005:
1000:
186:
956:
667:
179:
43:
689:
In March 1793, as word of the conscription requirements filtered into the countryside, many Vendéans refused to satisfy the decree of the
686:"; the term "Royal" was added later. This army fought first and foremost for the reopening of parish churches with the former priests.
995:
851:
824:
800:
670:. All but seven of the 160 French bishops refused the oath, as did about half of the parish priests. Persecution of the clergy and
111:
663:
652:
647:
of the disquieting condition of Vendée, and this news was quickly followed by the exposure of a royalist plot organized by the
306:
1010:
894:
491:
256:
486:
246:
591:
496:
386:
381:
421:
331:
291:
476:
326:
221:
321:
401:
659:
of 300,000 on the whole of France, decreed by the
National Convention in February 1793, that the region erupted.
640:
608:
411:
203:
906:
356:
301:
296:
693:
issued on 23 February 1793. Within weeks the rebel forces had formed a substantial, if ill-equipped, army, the
581:
481:
391:
346:
276:
236:
17:
526:
441:
271:
281:
251:
1015:
756:
683:
506:
466:
456:
406:
361:
241:
115:
366:
261:
730:
620:
501:
451:
311:
231:
136:
576:
571:
551:
376:
612:
266:
105:
541:
336:
226:
471:
436:
426:
286:
726:
624:
536:
431:
209:
132:
34:
666:
required all clerics to swear allegiance to it and, by extension, to the increasingly anti-clerical
351:
644:
546:
515:
446:
698:
556:
531:
461:
416:
171:
47:
Stained glass window in the Saint Pauvin Church in Le Pin-en-Mauges commemorating the battle(s).
847:
828:
820:
804:
796:
709:
656:
628:
586:
396:
316:
68:
371:
566:
521:
616:
127:
989:
561:
651:. It was not until the social unrest combined with the external pressures from the
42:
843:
712:, supported by the unparalleled local knowledge and the good-will of the people.
679:
729:, they withstood an hour-long cannonade and sustained musketry fire; not until
675:
sacramental vessels and the people were forbidden to place crosses on graves.
971:
958:
872:
Charles Tilly, "Local
Conflicts in the Vendée before the rebellion of 1793",
705:
72:
708:
pieces. Most of the insurgents operated on a much smaller scale, using
701:
100:
844:
Resisting
Rebellion: The History and Politics of Counterinsurgency
175:
607:
were fought on 16 May 1793 and on 25 May 1793 during the
911:, Hutchinson & Company, 1913, p. 82–83.
27:
787:
785:
678:Nearly all the purchasers of church land were
187:
8:
817:The French Revolution, 1770–1814: 1770–1814
194:
180:
172:
41:
24:
908:The tragedy of an Army: La Vendee in 1793
838:
836:
627:. The battle was fought near the town of
793:Daily Life During the French Revolution,
948:The Greenhill Napoleonic Wars Data Book
768:
7:
1006:Military history of Pays de la Loire
895:General Hoche and Counterinsurgency
846:2006 University Press of Kentucky
14:
655:(1790) and the introduction of a
1001:Battles of the War in the Vendée
664:Civil Constitution of the Clergy
653:Civil Constitution of the Clergy
110:
99:
16:For the Carolingian battle, see
791:James Maxwell Anderson (2007).
1:
819:Blackwell Publishing, France
668:National Constituent Assembly
795:Greenwood Publishing Group,
697:, supported by two thousand
605:Battles of Fontenay-le-Comte
28:Battles of Fontenay-le-Comte
59:17 May 1793 and 25 May 1793
1032:
641:representatives on mission
619:and Royalist forces under
307:1st Beaulieu-sous-la-Roche
15:
874:French Historical Studies
777:Napoleonic Wars Data Book
609:French Revolutionary Wars
217:
205:French Revolutionary Wars
155:
142:
121:
92:
51:
40:
32:
996:Battles involving France
950:. Greenhill Books, 1998.
611:, between forces of the
18:Battle of Fontenay (841)
876:II, fall 1961, p. 219.
815:François Furet (1996).
695:Royal and Catholic Army
885:Joes, pp. 52–53.
731:Louis Marie de Lescure
487:2nd Moulin-aux-Chèvres
382:1st Moulin-aux-Chèvres
122:Commanders and leaders
905:Ida Ashworth Taylor,
649:Marquis de la Rouërie
292:1st Port-Saint-Pierre
156:Casualties and losses
842:Joes, Anthony James
757:Revolt in the Vendée
727:Charles de Bonchamps
625:Charles de Bonchamps
332:1st La Châtaigneraie
133:Charles de Bonchamps
968: /
704:and a few captured
645:National Convention
327:2nd Port-Saint-Père
257:2nd Sables-d'Olonne
247:1st Sables-d'Olonne
972:46.4661°N 0.8061°W
621:Marquis de Lescure
322:1st Saint-Colombin
137:Marquis de Lescure
1011:History of Vendée
710:guerrilla tactics
684:The Catholic Army
629:Fontenay-le-Comte
600:
599:
342:Fontenay-le-Comte
210:War in the Vendée
170:
169:
88:
87:
69:Fontenay-le-Comte
35:War in the Vendée
1023:
983:
982:
980:
979:
978:
977:46.4661; -0.8061
973:
969:
966:
965:
964:
961:
939:
936:
930:
927:
921:
918:
912:
903:
897:
892:
886:
883:
877:
870:
864:
861:
855:
840:
831:
813:
807:
789:
780:
773:
516:Virée de Galerne
422:La Roche-sur-Yon
357:Montreuil-Bellay
212:
206:
196:
189:
182:
173:
114:
104:
103:
84:Royalist victory
53:
52:
45:
25:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1020:
986:
985:
976:
974:
970:
967:
962:
959:
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943:
942:
937:
933:
928:
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871:
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862:
858:
841:
834:
814:
810:
790:
783:
774:
770:
765:
753:
744:
718:
672:of the faithful
637:
613:French Republic
601:
596:
592:2nd Noirmoutier
511:
497:2nd Noirmoutier
482:Treize-Septiers
477:1st Noirmoutier
392:Martigné-Briand
213:
204:
202:
200:
163:40 cannons lost
162:
135:
106:French Republic
98:
76:
46:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1029:
1027:
1019:
1018:
1016:1793 in France
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
988:
987:
952:
951:
941:
940:
938:Taylor, p. 87.
931:
929:Taylor, p. 85.
922:
920:Taylor, p. 86.
913:
898:
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878:
865:
856:
832:
808:
781:
767:
766:
764:
761:
760:
759:
752:
749:
743:
740:
717:
716:Initial attack
714:
691:levee en masse
636:
633:
617:Alexis Chalbos
598:
597:
595:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
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539:
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527:Croix-Bataille
524:
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469:
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309:
304:
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294:
289:
284:
279:
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269:
264:
259:
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237:Pont-Charrault
234:
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176:
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128:Alexis Chalbos
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108:
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57:
49:
48:
38:
37:
30:
29:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1028:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
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997:
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993:
991:
984:
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944:
935:
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926:
923:
917:
914:
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909:
902:
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891:
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879:
875:
869:
866:
860:
857:
853:
852:0-8131-2339-9
849:
845:
839:
837:
833:
830:
826:
825:0-631-20299-4
822:
818:
812:
809:
806:
802:
801:0-313-33683-0
798:
794:
788:
786:
782:
778:
775:Digby Smith,
772:
769:
762:
758:
755:
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750:
748:
741:
739:
737:
732:
728:
722:
715:
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687:
685:
681:
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673:
669:
665:
660:
658:
654:
650:
646:
643:informed the
642:
639:In 1791, two
634:
632:
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622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
593:
590:
588:
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580:
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523:
520:
518:
517:
513:
512:
508:
505:
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500:
498:
495:
493:
492:2nd Châtillon
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
467:Saint-Fulgent
465:
463:
460:
458:
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453:
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448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
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412:Château d'Aux
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
387:1st Châtillon
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
347:3rd Machecoul
345:
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338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
302:1st Beaupréau
300:
298:
297:2nd Machecoul
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
282:Saint-Gervais
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
222:1st Machecoul
220:
219:
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211:
207:
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192:
190:
185:
183:
178:
177:
174:
165:
160:
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154:
150:
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141:
138:
134:
131:
129:
126:
125:
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117:
113:
109:
107:
102:
97:
96:
91:
83:
80:
79:
74:
70:
66:
63:
62:
58:
55:
54:
50:
44:
39:
36:
31:
26:
23:
19:
953:
947:
934:
925:
916:
907:
901:
890:
881:
873:
868:
859:
816:
811:
792:
776:
771:
745:
736:Vive le Roi!
735:
723:
719:
694:
690:
688:
677:
661:
638:
604:
602:
514:
502:La Tremblaye
462:2nd Montaigu
442:1st Montaigu
341:
93:Belligerents
33:Part of the
22:
975: /
402:Ponts-de-CĂ©
990:Categories
960:46°27′58″N
946:Smith, D.
863:Joes, p.52
763:References
635:Background
507:2nd Cholet
457:Pont-Barré
432:Chantonnay
252:2nd Pornic
242:1st Pornic
232:1st Cholet
963:0°48′22″W
742:Massacres
706:artillery
699:irregular
680:bourgeois
577:Pontlieue
572:La Flèche
557:Avranches
552:Pontorson
547:Granville
447:Tiffauges
417:3rd Luçon
407:2nd Luçon
377:Parthenay
367:1st Luçon
262:1st Coron
779:, p. 47.
751:See also
542:Fougères
532:Entrames
312:1st Legé
277:Challans
267:Chemillé
143:Strength
116:Vendeans
75:, France
64:Location
702:cavalry
587:Savenay
582:Le Mans
397:Vihiers
337:Palluau
317:Thouars
272:Aubiers
227:Jallais
854:. p.51
850:
829:p. 124
823:
805:p. 205
799:
615:under
567:Angers
472:Pallet
437:Vrines
427:Vertou
372:Nantes
362:Saumur
287:Vezins
161:4,000,
151:35,000
148:14,000
81:Result
73:Vendée
537:Ernée
522:Laval
452:Coron
166:1,000
848:ISBN
821:ISBN
797:ISBN
662:The
657:levy
623:and
603:The
352:Doué
56:Date
562:Dol
992::
835:^
827:.
803:.
784:^
208:–
71:,
195:e
188:t
181:v
20:.
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