Attack at Fromelles - Knowledge (XXG)

1679: 1500:), to shelter the trench garrison during bombardments. Communication trenches were built to evade Allied artillery-fire intended to obstruct the movement of reinforcements from the new rear defences. The front position was to be held at all costs as the main line of resistance but in May 1915, Falkenhayn ordered a reserve position to be built along the Western Front, 2,000–3,000 yd (1.1–1.7 mi; 1.8–2.7 km) behind the front position, out of range of enemy field artillery. To contain a breakthrough, the second position was to be occupied opposite a sector broken into and serve as a jumping-off point for counter-attacks. If the front line could not be recovered, the rear position could be connected to the remaining parts of the front line on either side to contain the break-in. 1471: 268: 2166: 1273:(OHL, the German army supreme headquarters) judged Fromelles to be the offensive he expected against the 6th Army. The attack gained no ground but inflicted some casualties; next day the failure was evident and a captured operation order from XI Corps revealed the limited nature of the operation. In 2012, a study of German records showed that none of the German divisions opposite XI Corps moved to the Somme until four to nine weeks later; Falkenhayn sent divisions from the Souchez–Vimy area, 20 mi (32 km) south instead, which has been misinterpreted in earlier accounts. The attack was the 1890:

consolidating. When the 15th Australian Brigade was pinned down in no man's land, the continuity of the attack broke down and lost protection against flanking fire from the right, which enabled German troops to counter-attack, regain the first trench and cut off the Australian troops further forward. A German assessment of 16 December, called the attack "operationally and tactically senseless" and that prisoner interrogations revealed that the Australian troops were physically imposing but had "virtually no military discipline" and "no interest in soldiering as it was understood in Europe".

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resistance. Uncut wire held up the advance to the second line and German machine-gun fire from the right flank caused many casualties as the survivors reached the objective. Reinforcements reached the front trench but German flanking fire caused many casualties and German artillery began to bombard the captured area. The left-hand battalion lost more men in no man's land and then found that the wire at the Wick salient was uncut. The few infantry to get through the wire were shot down short of the front trench; reinforcements were also caught in no man's land and pinned down.

193: 1457:. The British infantry were to assemble as close to the German lines as possible, no man's land being 100–400 yd (91–366 m) wide, before the British artillery fire was lifted from the front line; the infantry would rush the surviving Germans while they were disorganised and advance to the German second line. Heavy artillery began registration and a slow bombardment on 16 July and two days of bombardment began either side of La Bassée canal as a diversion. The main bombardment was to begin at midnight on 162: 1636:, on the eastern flank, suffered many casualties while attacking a German stronghold in the ruins of Delangre Farm and elements of the 14th Australian Brigade reached a main road 1,300 ft (400 m) south of the German line before withdrawing to the ditch. The 8th and 14th Australian brigades had gained their objectives, capturing about 3,300 ft (1,000 m) of the German front line. A line was selected for consolidation and a strong point built at the end of the 1601: 177: 147: 1365: 1999:–Armentières sector, opposite XI Corps, for four weeks after 19 July were held back as a precaution. German records showed that eight divisions were in the line between Loos and Armentières on 1 July and that two were sent to the Somme by 2 July, long before the Fromelles attack; the other six divisions stayed opposite XI Corps for five to nine weeks after 19 July. Had divisions moved earlier, the Battle of Pozières 1258:. The advance took place in daylight, on a narrow front, against defences overlooked by Aubers Ridge, with German artillery on either side free to fire into the flanks of the attack. Another attack by the 61st (2nd South Midland) Division early on 20 July was cancelled, after it was realised that German counter-attacks had already forced a retirement by the Australian troops to the original front line. 1827: 1792: 2248:(ASBF). The plaque in it pays tribute to the pioneering work of Robin Corfield and Lambis Englezos in gaining wider attention to the battle and the loss of life of so many Australians, as well as British soldiers. To coincide with the unveiling of some new headstones, a new museum was opened in 2014 during an event at the cemetery to mark other soldiers whose remains have been identified. 56: 275: 1330:

Haking was ordered to begin a big preliminary bombardment to simulate a large offensive and conduct a local infantry attack on the German front line. On 16 July, discussions about the attack resumed, as the need for diversions to coincide with operations on the Somme had diminished when the Germans had not collapsed after the British success at the

1488:, had ordered a construction programme on the Western Front in January 1915, to make it capable of being defended indefinitely by a small force against superior numbers. An elaborate, carefully sited and fortified front position was built behind fields of barbed wire, with camouflaged concrete machine-gun nests and a second trench ( 1745: 3679: 1398:. Lack of artillery, training and experience in the Australian divisional artilleries and some of the heavy batteries, led to the attack front being reduced to 4,000 yd (2.3 mi; 3.7 km) between the Fauquissart–Trivelet road and Delangre Farm. The ground was waterlogged, flat and visible from 1618:

advanced next to the British 183rd Brigade towards the junction of the German line and Layes Brook, which ran diagonally across no man's land. The right battalion advance was stopped by machine-gun fire from the Sugarloaf after 300 yd (270 m) and the left hand battalion ran into uncut wire,

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judgement that contributed to the result, citing McCay's order not to consolidate the initial gains and that poor planning, ineffective artillery support and Australian inexperience of Western Front conditions, contributed to the failure. A number of senior Australian officers were removed after the

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Opposite the British right, Bavarian Reserve Regiment 17 lost a switch trench facing Trivelet, a second line was overrun and the garrison was lost. Troops on the left of III Battalion to the south of the Trivelet road bombed to its right and part of I Battalion attacked frontally and from the right,

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every soldier who could be found was sent forward. Consolidation in the German lines was slow as the troops lacked experience, many officers had become casualties and there was no dry soil to fill sandbags, mud being a poor substitute. German counter-attacks on the front and flanks, with machine gun

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and was stopped in no man's land with many casualties, while survivors from three battalions found their way back after dark. Despite reinforcements, the situation of the 14th Australian Brigade in the German lines became desperate. Artillery fire and German counter-attacks from the open right flank

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but some were under German machine-gun fire and became death traps. Two companies of the right-hand battalion managed to get within 50 yd (46 m) of the German parapet, with few casualties, then rushed the breastwork as the artillery lifted, finding the wire cut and the Germans incapable of

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for seven hours (more rain forced a postponement). Over the final three hours, the artillery was to lift and the infantry show bayonets and dummy figures several times, to simulate an infantry advance, then the artillery was to resume bombardment of the front line to catch the German infantry out of

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on either flank. The 5th Australian Division was to attack the left flank of the salient by advancing south as the 61st (2nd South Midland) Division attacked on the right flank from the west. Each division was to attack with three brigades in line, with two battalions from each brigade in the attack

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Aspects of the exhumations were controversial and some people wanted the remains left undisturbed. Claims were made that the work was too rushed for satisfactory analysis of the DNA and press complaints were made of cheapskating by the contractor. Johan Vandewalle, a Belgian archaeologist seconded

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and in front of Delangre Farm. The right flank of III Battalion, Bavarian Reserve Regiment 16 repulsed the 15th Australian Brigade and was then reinforced by the II Battalion from Rue Delaval, which joined with the left of III Battalion, Bavarian Reserve Regiment 21. A counter-attack ordered by the

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on the attack front along with a kite balloon section, bringing the I Brigade RFC squadrons supporting the attack up to three corps squadrons and two army squadrons. The corps aircraft photographed and reconnoitred the area before the attack and flew artillery-observation and contact patrols during

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on 20 July. The right flank of the 14th Australian Brigade was counter-attacked by most of I Battalion, Bavarian Reserve Regiment 16, which joined the II Battalion and recaptured the front line step-by-step until dawn, when a pause was ordered due to exhaustion and lack of ammunition and grenades.

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battalions attacked through machine gun fire from the front and flanks. A 1,200 lb (540 kg) mine was blown on the outer flank to make a crater lip to screen the attacking infantry but when the Australians reached the German breastwork they kept going, finding the same terrain as the 14th

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Patrols during the night reported no movement in the German lines, which appeared to be weakly held. German covering parties stopped Australian raiders on the right flank of the 5th Australian Division front, where the wire appeared to be intact except on the left. It was hazy early on 19 July but

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were removed before the work was stopped because the men were exhausted. The 5th Australian Division had arrived in France only days before the attack and had relieved the 4th Australian Division on the right flank of the Second Army by 12 July. The Australian divisional artillery and some of the

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Haking cancelled the attack and ordered that all troops were to be withdrawn after dark. Reinforcements for the 182nd Brigade received the order in time but the troops in the German line were overwhelmed, and only a few wounded and stragglers got away. Troops pinned down in no man's land withdrew

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of the BEF, did not want the attack unless it could succeed and Monro and Haking opposed a postponement or cancellation. The weather had been dull on 15 July and next day, soon after Monro and Haking made the decision to go ahead, it began to rain. Zero hour for the main bombardment was postponed

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Senior wrote that historians generally judged the attack to have failed in its objective, to prevent German troops being transferred to the Somme. Wilfid Miles, the British official historian, wrote that the IX Reserve Corps and the Guard Reserve Corps had been moved to the Somme. Peter Pedersen

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On 13 July, after receiving intelligence reports that the Germans had transferred about nine infantry battalions from the Lille area from 9 to 12 July, GHQ informed the two army commanders that a joint attack was to be carried out around 18 July, to exploit the depletion of the German defenders.

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November 1916) GHQ informed the three other British army commanders that the German defences on the Somme might soon fall. The First and Second army commanders were required to choose places to penetrate the German defences, if the attacks on the Somme continued to make progress. Gaps were to be

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Australian battalions had returned; many wounded were rescued but only four of the machine guns were recovered. Artillery-fire by both sides diminished and work began on either side of no man's land to repair defences; a short truce was negotiated by the Germans and Australians to recover their

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had been in the front line under German artillery-fire all morning. On the right, the sally ports were under fire and only a few troops reached the German wire, finding that it was uncut, before falling back. The attack of the left-hand battalion towards the Sugarloaf salient (which was beyond

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by which time a German counter-bombardment was falling all along the attack front, causing casualties to the Australians and the field gunners of the 61st (2nd South Midland) Division at Rue Tilleloy. Several ammunition dumps were exploded and the decoy lifts by the British artillery failed to

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Australian and British soldiers killed in the area that was re-taken by the Germans, were buried shortly after the battle. The burial pits were photographed from a British reconnaissance aircraft on 21 July but marked as dugouts or trench-mortar positions. On 22 July, the bodies were taken by

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and the recuperation of the 5th Australian Division took until late summer, when it began trench-raiding. In October, the 6th Bavarian Reserve Division, with morale high after the defensive success at Fromelles, was sent to the Somme front and never recovered from the ordeal; Bavarian Reserve

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prisoners were captured". Australian casualties and doubts about the judgement of higher commanders, damaged relations between the AIF and the British, with doubts about the reliability of British troops spreading in Australian units. In 2008, Jeffrey Grey wrote that McCay also made errors in

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and the other two in reserve, ready to take over captured ground or to advance further. Haking issued the attack orders on 14 July, when wire cutting began along XI Corps' front. It was intended that the bombardment would inflict mass casualties on the German infantry, reducing them to a

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The limited nature of the attack quickly became obvious to the German commanders. A German report on 30 July, recorded that captured officers said that the Australians made a fundamental mistake in trying to hold the German second trench, rather than falling back to the front trench and

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the battle. Army squadrons flew further afield and denied German reconnaissance aircraft view of British troop movements, particularly behind the XI Corps front. On 19 July, aircraft from two squadrons patrolled the area towards Lille and had numerous air engagements, in which two

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for his earlier book and had changed his mind after studying German records. Senior wrote that there was evidence that the transfer of troops to the south was delayed by the attack on Fromelles. A German intelligence officer of the 6th Bavarian Reserve Division wrote on 20 July,

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The sap had been extended towards the German lines by Australian tunnellers, using a "pipe-pusher" to explode a charge 4–5 ft (1.2–1.5 m) deep and 220 ft (67 m) long; two more were exploded on the 183rd Brigade's front, to provide cover for the removal of

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wrote that the attack showed the Germans that they were free to withdraw troops. In 2007, Paul Cobb wrote that the Germans were not deterred from sending troops to the Somme. In his 2012 biography of Haking, Senior wrote that he had only consulted the official history volume

2111:, 2 km (1.2 mi) north-west of Fromelles (the only large exclusively Australian cemetery in France). Mortal remains of those killed in no man's land were recovered after the war and buried at V.C. Corner British Cemetery. In 2002, Lambis Englezos was inspired by 1881:. The British entered the front line for the first time on 13 June and every man not due to participate in the attack spent from 16 to 19 July removing poison gas cylinders from the front line after the discharge planned for 15 July was suspended due to the wind falling; 2256:

In 2016, plans to hold a memorial event at the Pheasant Wood military cemetery were announced with the controversial decision to exclude British attendees from the ceremony. The move provoked anger amongst some families of the approximately 1,500 British casualties,

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Haking ordered Mackenzie to attack the Sugarloaf again to assist the Australians, before it was discovered that the 184th Brigade had been held up short of its objective. The 15th Australian Brigade was asked to co-operate with the British attack and the

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had fewer casualties, reached the German front line and took a number of prisoners. When the Australians pressed on, they found only flat fields and ditches full of water. A line was selected for consolidation and ten machine guns were sent forward. The

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News of the retirement by the 8th Australian Brigade reached McCay while at a meeting with Mackenzie, Haking and Monro, to plan the new attack by the 61st (2nd South Midland) Division. Monro ordered the 14th Australian Brigade to be withdrawn and at

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the order to retire arrived, although it was not received by some parties. German troops had got well behind the right flank and fired at every sign of movement, forcing the Australians to withdraw along the communication trench dug overnight. By

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on the first day of the Somme. After several postponements for rain, visibility was better on 18 July and the artillery bombardment proceeded. The shelling of the German front at La Bassée was repeated and the German artillery retaliated.

2162:). The researchers believed that the pits had not been found after the war and gained support for an exploration of the site from the Australian Army and the British All Party Parliamentary War Graves and Battlefield Heritage Group. 1642:, a German communication trench. Reinforcements with equipment and tools went forward and work began on a communication trench across no man's land in the midst of a German artillery barrage and movement attracting machine-gun fire. 1519:

with 9–12 in (230–300 mm) of concrete protection. After a British gas attack opposite Neuve Chapelle and Fauquissart late on 15 July, German artillery bombarded the British front line and a raid on the Australian lines by

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heavy artillery had no experience of Western Front conditions and as I Anzac Corps prepared to move south to the Somme front, a considerable shuffling of divisions had taken place, which hampered preparations for the attack.

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under cover of the bombardment and parties went out to rescue wounded. More discussion between Mackenzie and Haking led to the corps commander ordering the 184th Brigade to attack the Sugarloaf overnight, after a ten-minute

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Neither division was well prepared for the attack; the 61st (2nd South Midland) Division had disembarked in France in late May 1916, after delays in training caused by equipment shortages and being milked for drafts to the

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moved its boundary south to Cordonnerie Farm on the left of the 5th Australian Division, which concentrated from Bond Street to Cordonnerie Farm. The twelve attacking battalions were supported by more artillery than the

3510:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. II (Imperial War Museum & Battery Press ed.). London: Macmillan. 1511:(25 September – 14 October 1915) and in July 1916, the 6th Bavarian Reserve Division held a 4.5 mi (7.2 km) stretch of the front with four regiments, from east of Aubers village, north to a point near 2381:"...he air was thick with bullets, swishing in a flat, criss-crossed lattice of death. Hundreds were mown down in the flicker of an eyelid, like great rows of teeth knocked from a comb." (W. H. "Jimmy" Downing) 2235:

opened in 1998 and the Fromelles (Pheasant Wood) Military Cemetery was completed in 2010. There are other small cemeteries in the area with burials from the battle. In Fromelles Town Hall, there was a museum

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An order was captured declaring that the object of the attack was to keep German troops engaged in the sector so as to keep pressure from the Somme...a repetition of these attacks is therefore to be expected.

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Families feel totally insulted by the attitude of the Australian authorities. Men from both countries fought together and died together but now the Australians want to airbrush the British out of the battle.

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was commissioned by the Australian government. The survey indicated that the pits had been undisturbed since the war and contained the remains of 337 soldiers. From 23 May to 13 June 2008, an exploratory

5625: 1597:", which was under shrapnel bombardment. Most of the battalion was destroyed but some troops reached the north-east part of the salient and tried to enter the German breastwork; all became casualties. 1653:, commander of the 61st (2nd South Midland) Division, of the success on the right, along with erroneous reports of limited success in the centre and a small lodgement on the Sugarloaf on the left. At 5809: 6257: 1678: 288: 3325: 1211:–Trivelet road and Cordonnerie Farm, an area overlooked from Aubers Ridge to the south. The ground was low-lying and much of the defensive fortification by both sides consisted of building 5707: 5344: 4006: 1934:

The Commander in Chief had directed XI Corps to attack the enemy in front of us, capture his front line system of trenches, and thus prevent him from reinforcing his troops to the South.

3863: 4508: 5786: 5814: 4321: 5729: 2510:. Englezos was allowed back, briefed members of the project team on details of the battle and guided them around the battlefield. (On 7 June 2009 Englezos was made a Member of the 6002: 5421: 4379: 647: 6109: 2454: 6247: 6242: 6017: 5772: 2450: 1314:, was occupied by preparations for an offensive at Messines Ridge but could spare a division for a joint attack with the First Army at the army boundary. On 8 July, General 1588:, both battalions were shot down in no man's land, only a few men got close to the German wire before being killed or wounded. On the left, the attacking battalions of the 6012: 5702: 5653: 5568: 6252: 5856: 884: 4008:

The 61st (2nd South Midland) Division had the Reputation of Being a poorly Performing Formation. How did it Acquire this Reputation and was it a Justified Description?

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The number of Australian casualties was similar to the casualties of the 36th (Ulster) Division at Thiepval on 1 July 1916 and equivalent to Australian losses in the

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The original burial site was unsuitable and a new CWGC war cemetery was built about 130 yd (120 m) away. On 30 January 2010, the first body was interred at

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The construction programme was a huge undertaking and was completed in late 1915. The fortification programme had several opponents, notably the 6th Army commander

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on the Somme, 50 mi (80 km) to the south, to exploit any weakening of the German defences opposite. The attack took place 9.9 mi (16 km) from

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German artillery support was less extensive than that available to the attackers but managed to "smother the British trenches with fire" as the artillery of the

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There are several memorials in the Fromelles area commemorating the battle. The V.C. Corner Australian Cemetery and Memorial was built in the early 1920s, the

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and 31st Division moved their boundaries north as the 61st (2nd South Midland) Division concentrated along the Fauquissart–Trivelet road to Bond Street. The

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a "nightmare" and claimed that the site had been poorly protected against the weather, claims which were supported by Barton and rejected by the contractor.

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The 61st (2nd South Midland) Division was understrength before the battle and contributed only half as many men as the 5th Australian Division and suffered

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were shot down. Bombing raids on German army billets, supply dumps and the railways from Lille to Lens, Douai, Cambrai and Valenciennes also took place.

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On the 5th Australian Division's front, the troops attacked over the parapet, suffering fewer casualties than the 61st (2nd South Midland) Division. The

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on 20 July, forcing a retirement to the German first line and then a withdrawal to the original front line; many Australians were cut off and captured.

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On the Australian flank, III Battalion, Bavarian Reserve Regiment 21 was pushed back in the centre and on its right, forming a defensive flank at the

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forced a slow withdrawal in the dark. On the left flank, more troops were sent forward, with ammunition, to the 8th Australian Brigade at dusk and at

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The Australian Department of Veterans Affairs said that a decision has been made by the Australian Government to favour the Australians and French,

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There are no signs of any immediate repetition of the enemy attack....However, judging by the general situation, a new push is not impossible.

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as I Battalion, Bavarian Reserve Regiment 21 and half of Bavarian Reserve Regiment 20 attacked from the flank, reaching the old front line at

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that it suffered. Senior concluded that because of the Attack at Fromelles, German troops had been retained opposite XI Corps as intended.

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from DNA. On 19 July 2010, the 94th anniversary of the battle, the last soldier (who remained unidentified) was buried. The cemetery was

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wing with squadrons responsible for close reconnaissance, photography and artillery observation on the front of each army corps and an

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Most war graves on the Western Front were discovered by official surveys during the 1920s; British and Empire dead were reburied in

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This is not to diminish the role of other nations but simply a recognition of the Australian focus of the event we are organising.

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A communiqué, released to the press by British GHQ, was not favourably received by the Australians. "Yesterday evening, south of

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The Story of the Fifth Australian Division, being an Authoritative Account of the Division's Doings in Egypt, France and Belgium

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In 2012, Michael Senior wrote that the objective of the attack was contained in the First Army Operational Order 100 (15 July),

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wrote that the Germans knew that Fromelles was a decoy and sent reserves to the Somme; in the Australian official history

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area, 20 mi (32 km) from Fromelles, well outside the sector opposite the British XI Corps. Troops kept in the

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Approximate location of 5th Australian Division positions during the Attack on Fromelles (on Aubers Ridge), 19 July 1916

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Haking: A Dutiful Soldier: Lieutenant General Sir Richard Haking: XI Corps Commander 1915–18: A Study in Corps Command

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cemeteries. Four hundred unidentified Australian soldiers killed in the Attack at Fromelles were re-buried at the

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The battle caused one of the greatest numbers of Australian deaths in action in 24 hours, surpassed only at the

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fired from the flanks "thus the backbone of the British (sic) attack was broken before it left the trenches at

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was sent forward. A renewed bombardment continued as preparations were made to attack all along the front at

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trench-mortar range) was stopped by German fire on the sally ports; the British tried to exit along "Rhondda

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in May 1915, more ammunition was available and there were trench mortars for wire cutting. With support from

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widened to exploit weakness and disorganisation of the German defence. The Second Army commander, General

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Charles Bean wrote in 1930 that the Bavarians might have been sceptical that the British would sacrifice

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Military Operations France and Belgium, 1916: 2nd July 1916 to the End of the Battles of the Somme

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wing, which conducted long-range reconnaissance and bombing in aircraft with the best performance.

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road, 3 mi (4.8 km) behind the German front line, was kept under air observation by the

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Fromelles: Australia's Darkest Day and the Dramatic Discovery of Our Fallen World War One Diggers

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The battle is known by a number of names, including Action at Fromelles and Battle of Fleurbaix.

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The postponement failed to reach the 58th Australian Battalion, which attacked with some of the

690: 3655:"British Accuse Australia of Banning them from WWI Battle of Fromelles Centenary Commemoration" 2479:(military archaeologist) and Major-General O'Brien; later the dig was described by Pollard and 1619:

both battalions suffered many casualties as the survivors dug in. In the Australian centre the

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British Battle Planning in 1916 and the Battle of Fromelles: A Case Study of an Evolving Skill

3935: 3916: 3632: 3613: 3594: 3568: 3549: 3530: 3511: 3492: 3487:

The War in the Air, Being the Story of the part played in the Great War by the Royal Air Force

3469: 3450: 3433: 3410: 3391: 3372: 3353: 3329: 2295:

was chosen by the (British) Battles Nomenclature Committee in 1922. In Germany it is known as

1017: 958: 761: 616: 385: 1558:

deceive the Germans. The Australian and British infantry began to move into no man's land at

5244: 5214: 5208: 5118: 4947: 4915: 4905: 4644: 4568: 4563: 4491: 4311: 4211: 3466:

Record of the Battles and Engagements of the British Armies in France and Flanders 1914–1918

2184:

found human remains, personal effects, webbing, brass fitments, uniform badges, buttons and

1449: 919: 695: 483: 466: 6053: 5893: 5232: 4785: 4760: 4459: 4367: 4206: 1996: 1675:; German shelling on the British front line then caused a postponement until the morning. 1364: 1254:

and the power of the German defence was significantly underestimated, the attackers being

1172: 1147: 1114: 786: 611: 47: 4074: 3426: 1847:

When the attack resumed, the troops met those of Bavarian Reserve Regiment 21 at around

1427:

guns were ready, which gave a greater concentration of heavy artillery than that of the

1175:. The attack was carried out by British and Australian troops and was subsidiary to the 55: 5886: 5866: 5537: 5250: 5088: 4879: 4770: 4626: 4530: 4513: 2119:

near Fromelles. The site was found by Englezos and other researchers near Fromelles at

2087: 1920:...to prevent the enemy from moving troops Southwards , to take part in the main battle 1894: 1581: 1508: 1323: 1311: 1251: 1227: 1196: 857: 727: 594: 210: 152: 6226: 5997: 5285: 5279: 4715: 4632: 4543: 3859: 3485: 739: 298: 198: 4014:(MA) (online ed.). Birmingham: University of Birmingham. 984318. Archived from 1250:. Preparations for the attack were rushed, the troops involved lacked experience in 5447: 4874: 3915:(2nd ed.). Loftus, New South Wales: Australian Military History Publications. 3315: 2506:

The contractor refused Englezos access to the site, until this was reported in the

2416: 2185: 2084: 1946: 1755: 1512: 1335: 17: 3839: 3527:

Bloody Victory: The Sacrifice on the Somme and the Making of the Twentieth Century

3319: 1826: 1791: 1987:

as a decoy. The IX Reserve Corps and Guard Reserve Corps had been moved from the

5658: 5563: 5261: 4689: 4110: 1387: 1379: 1212: 1208: 3823: 3491:. Vol. II (Naval & Military Press ed.). London: Clarendon Press. 4069: 4064: 2423:

and a message runner in Bavarian Reserve Regiment 16, took part in the battle.

2116: 2090:

and buried in eight 32.8 by 7.2 by 16.4 ft (10 by 2.2 by 5 m) pits.

2043: 1780: 1776: 1569: 599: 3864:"The First 75 of Lost Australian Soldiers at Fromelles Positively Identified" 3333: 2192:

took place from May to September 2009, which recovered the mortal remains of

2149: 2136: 1351:; after having second thoughts, Monro postponed the operation until 19 July. 109: 96: 5453: 5220: 3587: 3437: 2039: 1759: 1584:-fire prevented the infantry from using the sally ports. After climbing the 167: 83: 1448:. The small size and height of the salient gave the Germans observation of 1444:

at Fromelles contained some higher ground facing north-west, known as the

5713: 2466:

Cobb cited the late 1990s; April 2002 is from Englezos in Corfield, 2009.

2446: 2420: 1744: 1988: 1594: 1283:

described it as "the worst 24 hours in Australia's entire history". Of

3449:(3rd ed.). Port Melbourne, Victoria: Cambridge University Press. 1930:

Haking had ordered that the troops due to attack were to be told that

1386:

and heavy guns and trench mortars to XI Corps, for an attack from the

2207:

and the remaining bodies were buried in individual ceremonies by the

2189: 1399: 1216: 309: 2597: 2595: 2058:

ranks survived unwounded and the 32nd Australian Battalion suffered

61:

Front line following the Battle of Neuve Chapelle (10–13 March 1915)

1698:

fire from Delangre Farm, De Mouquet Farm and the Tadpole, began at

5881: 3468:(Naval & Military Press ed.). London: Gale & Polden. 3388:

Where Australians Fought: The Encyclopaedia of Australia's Battles

2164: 1969:

A Bavarian document discovered in 1923 contained information that

1825: 1790: 1743: 1677: 1599: 1469: 1363: 1204: 321: 3913:

Crossed Boomerangs: A History of All the Australian 31 Battalions

3631:(Repr. Greenwood Press, NY ed.). London: Faber & Faber. 1992: 1553:

A special heavy artillery bombardment began on the Sugarloaf at

632: 4083: 3371:(repr. 2nd ed.). Carlton, Victoria: Melbourne University. 1564:

In the 61st (2nd South Midland) Division area, infantry of the

636: 325: 4079: 4065:

Fielding, J. VC Corner and Australian Memorial Park, Fromelles

3610:

Corporal Hitler and the Great War 1914–1918: The List Regiment

3328:. Vol. III (12th ed.). Sydney: Angus and Robertson. 2197: 1290:

suffered by the 5th Australian Division; the Germans suffered

27:

1916 British attack in support of the Battle of the Somme, WWI

2211:

and the Australian Army. In March 2010, it was reported that

1831:

German blockhouse between Fromelles and Aubers (October 2007)

1568:

on the right flank, began to move into no man's land through

3798: 3680:"Fury as Australia bans British from Fromelles War Memorial" 2827: 2825: 2514:(AM) in the General Division, for his work on the project.) 253:

The front line near Fromelles had changed little since the

3109: 3107: 2628: 2626: 2624: 2622: 2543: 2541: 2188:

ammunition in five of six pits, which were then refilled.

2745: 2743: 2655: 2653: 2078:

The 6th Bavarian Reserve Division suffered casualties of

3701:"World War I Dead Laid to Rest 94 Years after Slaughter" 3051: 3049: 3012: 3010: 3008: 2245:

Association pour le Souvenir de la Bataille de Fromelles

1609:, only three of the men survived the battle, all wounded 1524:

of Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 21, caused nearly

1475:

A German strongpoint in the Fromelles salient, July 1916

1246:, supported by the two flanking divisions of the German 3409:(Phoenix ed.). London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 3078: 3076: 2812: 2810: 2808: 2806: 2718: 2716: 3934:. Carlton, Victoria: Melbourne University Publishing. 2582: 2580: 2170:

Graves at Fromelles (Pheasant Wood) Military Cemetery.

3567:(hbk. ed.). Barnsley: Pen & Sword Military. 3390:(1st ed.). St Leonards, NSW: Allen & Unwin. 3352:(2nd repr. ed.). Stroud, UK: The History Press. 3326:

Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918

1952:

Military Operations France and Belgium, 1916 part II

1909:

Regiment 16 spent ten days in the line and suffered

6258:

Battles of World War I involving the United Kingdom

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If Germany Attacks: The Battle in Depth in the West

3407:

Through German Eyes: The British and the Somme 1916

1167:) 19–20 July 1916, was a military operation on the 3743:"Fears for Bodies of the Fallen Fromelles Diggers" 3678: 3586: 3484: 3425: 4038:(ePuB ed.). Newtown, NSW: Black Dog Books. 2493:to the Fromelles project, called the methods of 2394:was attached to each British army, divided into 2003:might have cost I Anzac Corps far more than the 1402:Ridge behind the German front to the south. The 5056:Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers 3932:Don't Forget Me Cobber: The Battle of Fromelles 3369:Don't Forget Me Cobber: The Battle of Fromelles 2601: 2483:(historian) in video footage of the excavation. 2267: 2259: 1971: 1957: 1932: 1918: 36: 3432:(1st ed.). London: Hodder and Stoughton. 3281: 2196:approximately 173 being Australian, from whom 2019:in 1917. The 5th Australian Division suffered 1836:Later on, two other companies attacked up the 4095: 3321:The Australian Imperial Force in France: 1916 648: 337: 8: 3989:The Chief: Douglas Haig and the British Army 3546:No Finer Courage: A Village in the Great War 2434:No Finer Courage: A Village in the Great War 2296: 2243: 2237: 2126: 2120: 2115:(Corfield, 2000), to search for an unmarked 2109:V.C. Corner Australian Cemetery and Memorial 1903: 1837: 1813: 1797: 1637: 1495: 1489: 1274: 1266: 1161: 4036:Fromelles: Australia's Bloodiest day at War 3233: 2205:Fromelles (Pheasant Wood) Military Cemetery 1580:was bombarded before the advance began and 1390:–Trivelet road to La Boutillerie, with the 6248:Battles of World War I involving Australia 6243:Battles of the Western Front (World War I) 5929: 5638: 5543: 5483: 4592: 4400: 4194: 4102: 4088: 4080: 1305:On 5 July, during the Battle of the Somme 655: 641: 633: 344: 330: 322: 33: 3972:. Prahran, Victoria: Hardie Grant Books. 3221: 2963: 6253:Battles of World War I involving Germany 5345:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary 4075:Book review: Roger Lee, Fromelles (2015) 3197: 3125: 3082: 2999: 2987: 2749: 1279:of the AIF on the Western Front and the 5722:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration 3529:(1st ed.). London: Little, Brown. 3185: 2525: 2475:Daily press briefings were given by Dr 2284: 2070:and the 32nd Australian Battalion lost 1649:accurate reports reached Major General 1347:Haking delayed the attack for at least 3293: 3245: 3173: 3067: 3055: 3040: 3028: 3016: 2215:soldiers killed at Fromelles had been 1802:, in service at the time of the battle 1545:the artillery zero hour was fixed for 1528:taking three prisoners, for a loss of 5675:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia 5011:Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele) 4070:Fielding, J. Pheasant Wood, Fromelles 3884:"War Grave Detective Receives Honour" 3094: 2951: 2939: 2927: 2915: 2903: 2891: 2879: 2867: 2855: 2843: 2831: 2816: 2797: 2785: 2773: 2761: 2734: 2722: 2707: 2695: 2683: 2671: 2659: 2644: 2613: 2586: 2571: 2559: 2547: 2532: 1146: 7: 6079:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne 3343:– via Australian War Memorial. 3257: 3209: 3161: 3149: 3137: 3113: 3098: 2975: 2632: 1199:) to prepare attacks to support the 1179:. General Headquarters (GHQ) of the 6008:Ottomans against the Triple Entente 4802:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes 3840:"Musée de la bataille de Fromelles" 3795:"Fromelles Weppes Terre de Mémoire" 3269: 2038:from the divisional engineers. Two 2034:in the 14th Australian Brigade and 4741:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes 4060:McMullin, R. Disaster at Fromelles 25: 3844:Musée de la bataille de Fromelles 2362:for the heavy guns and howitzers. 2239:Fromelles Weppes Terre de Mémoire 1494:) close behind the front trench ( 1396:61st (2nd South Midland) Division 1232:61st (2nd South Midland) Division 274: 5104:Second Battle of the Piave River 4726:Russian invasion of East Prussia 3771:"Fromelles Diggers Laid to Rest" 3769:Braithwaite, A. (20 July 2010). 2223:in a broadcast public ceremony. 2131:(Pheasant Copse/Pheasant Wood) ( 2046:that they had to be rebuilt. Of 2030:of the 15th Australian Brigade, 273: 266: 191: 175: 160: 145: 54: 6175:Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo 5375:Lithuanian Wars of Independence 3603:– via Archive Foundation. 3501:– via Archive Foundation. 3447:A Military History of Australia 3440:– via Archive Foundation. 2310:Artillery support consisted of 2252:2016 memorial event controversy 2026:in the 8th Australian Brigade, 1222:The operation was conducted by 216:Gustav Scanzoni von Lichtenfels 5998:Austria-Hungary against Serbia 5857:Deportations from East Prussia 5654:1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia 3741:Totaro, P. (17 August 2009a). 3699:Greene, R. A. (20 July 2010). 3653:Aubrey, S. (5 February 2016). 2105:Imperial War Graves Commission 1749:Airco DH.2 at Beauvel, France. 1343:because of the weather and at 1322:commander, Lieutenant General 1: 5909:Ukrainian Canadian internment 3911:Burla, E.; Burla, R. (2005). 3722:"Fromelles Site Bans Finders" 1879:48th (South Midland) Division 1374:The Second Army provided the 1244:6th Bavarian Reserve Division 1230:) of the First Army with the 230: 6064:Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement 5363:Estonian War of Independence 5031:Southern Palestine offensive 3386:Coulthard-Clark, C. (1998). 1939:AWM 4 1/22/4 pt. 1 in Senior 1369:Panorama of Fromelles, 1914. 6018:USA against Austria-Hungary 5417:Turkish War of Independence 5369:Latvian War of Independence 5094:Treaty of Bucharest of 1918 4685:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo 4034:Wilkinson, Carole (2015) . 2390:On 30 January 1916, an RFC 2209:Royal Regiment of Fusiliers 2072:718 men killed and wounded. 1181:British Expeditionary Force 1125:Western Front tactics, 1917 6284: 6101:Treaties of Brest-Litovsk 5649:1899–1923 cholera pandemic 5109:Second Battle of the Marne 4996:Second battle of the Aisne 4865:Second Battle of Champagne 4706:German invasion of Belgium 2122:le bois au fond du village 1486:Chief of the General Staff 366:Battles of the Somme, 1916 6207: 5882:Assyrian genocide (Sayfo) 5411:Irish War of Independence 5154:Armistice of Villa Giusti 5139:Battle of Vittorio Veneto 4751:First Battle of the Marne 4117: 3968:Lindsay, Patrick (2011). 3726:The Sydney Morning Herald 3720:Totaro, P. (4 May 2009). 2064:31st Australian Battalion 2052:60th Australian Battalion 1690:59th Australian Battalion 1660:58th Australian Battalion 1634:32nd Australian Battalion 1607:53rd Australian Battalion 1318:(First Army) ordered the 1240:Australian Imperial Force 672: 363: 261: 252: 239: 221: 204: 137: 66: 53: 41: 6034:Constantinople Agreement 5327:Armenian–Azerbaijani War 5190:Co-belligerent conflicts 5159:Second Romanian campaign 5129:Third Transjordan attack 4840:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive 4746:Battle of Grand Couronné 3608:Williams, J. F. (2005). 3043:, pp. 134–135, 142. 2906:, pp. 121–122, 124. 2574:, pp. 121–122, 126. 2233:Australian Memorial Park 2150:50.6101000°N 2.8547500°E 2001:(23 July – 3 September), 1819:divisional commander at 1549:ready for the attack at 1419:artillery to the south, 1382:), the artillery of the 1332:Battle of Bazentin Ridge 255:Battle of Neuve Chapelle 6097:Modus vivendi of Acroma 6049:Bulgaria–Germany treaty 5357:Greater Poland Uprising 5257:National Protection War 5134:Meuse–Argonne offensive 5084:German spring offensive 5079:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 4855:Siege of Novogeorgievsk 4830:Second Battle of Artois 4711:Battle of the Frontiers 3991:. London: Aurum Press. 3816:"Disaster at Fromelles" 3612:. New York: MPG Books. 2054:, only one officer and 1964:AWM 27 111/13 in Senior 1714:around the brigade. At 1616:15th (Victoria) Brigade 1384:4th Australian Division 1376:5th Australian Division 1281:Australian War Memorial 1236:5th Australian Division 1013:German spring offensive 6122:Paris Peace Conference 6110:Ukraine–Central Powers 5904:Massacres of Albanians 5872:Late Ottoman genocides 5679:Bulgarian occupations 5387:Third Anglo-Afghan War 5351:Hungarian–Romanian War 5169:Naval Victory Bulletin 5164:Armistice with Germany 5114:Hundred Days Offensive 5041:Battle of La Malmaison 4991:Second battle of Arras 4958:Battle of Transylvania 4812:Second Battle of Ypres 4680:Sarajevo assassination 4569:South African Republic 3987:Sheffield, G. (2011). 3627:Wynne, G. C. (1976) . 3483:Jones, H. A. (2002) . 3464:James, E. A. (1994) . 3367:Corfield, R. (2009) . 2301:(Battle of Fromelles). 2298:Schlacht von Fromelles 2297: 2277: 2263: 2244: 2238: 2172: 2127: 2121: 2113:Don't Forget Me Cobber 1981: 1967: 1942: 1928: 1904: 1838: 1833: 1814: 1804: 1798: 1751: 1710:the artillery began a 1685: 1638: 1626:8th Australian Brigade 1611: 1505:Crown Prince Rupprecht 1496: 1490: 1477: 1413:Battle of Aubers Ridge 1371: 1360:Offensive preparations 1292:1,600–2,000 casualties 1275: 1267: 1183:(BEF) had ordered the 1163:Schlacht von Fromelles 1162: 205:Commanders and leaders 110:50.606250°N 2.854694°E 6132:Treaty of St. Germain 6105:Russia–Central Powers 6059:Sykes–Picot Agreement 5887:Pontic Greek genocide 5862:Destruction of Kalisz 5838:Eastern Mediterranean 5399:Polish–Lithuanian War 5181:Armistice of Belgrade 5144:Armistice of Salonica 5074:Operation Faustschlag 5021:Third Battle of Oituz 4943:Baranovichi offensive 4911:Lake Naroch offensive 4885:Battle of Robat Karim 4860:Vistula–Bug offensive 4835:Battles of the Isonzo 4766:First Battle of Ypres 3953:. London: Routledge. 3930:Corfield, R. (2000). 3814:McMullin, R. (2006). 3775:Australian Geographic 3525:Philpott, W. (2009). 3424:Ellis, A. D. (1920). 2508:Sydney Morning Herald 2168: 2155:50.6101000; 2.8547500 1857:54th Reserve Division 1853:50th Reserve Division 1829: 1794: 1747: 1681: 1673:hurricane bombardment 1603: 1473: 1408:20th (Light) Division 1367: 1285:7,080 BEF casualties, 1269:Oberste Heeresleitung 1144:French pronunciation: 240:Casualties and losses 6127:Treaty of Versailles 5843:Mount Lebanon famine 5758:in the United States 5726:Russian occupations 5440:Turkish–Armenian War 5381:Polish–Ukrainian War 5321:Ukrainian–Soviet War 5268:Central Asian Revolt 5051:Armistice of Focșani 4781:Battle of Sarikamish 4731:Battle of Tannenberg 4127:Military engagements 3822:. AU. Archived from 2602:Coulthard-Clark 1998 2415:It is believed that 2358:howitzer shells and 2320:232 eighteen-pounder 2227:Memorials and museum 2200:samples were taken. 2017:Battle of Bullecourt 1978:CAB 45/172 in Senior 1723:the remnants of the 1629:Australian Brigade. 1482:Erich von Falkenhayn 1334:(14 July 1916). Sir 1263:Erich von Falkenhayn 1261:On 19 July, General 1226:(Lieutenant-General 1120:French Army mutinies 1115:1914 Christmas truce 885:Hohenzollern Redoubt 526:Butte de Warlencourt 289:class=notpageimage| 6238:Battle of the Somme 6194:They shall not pass 6117:Treaty of Bucharest 6074:Treaty of Bucharest 6013:USA against Germany 5990:Declarations of war 5694:German occupations 5607:British casualties 5466:Soviet–Georgian War 5393:Egyptian Revolution 5333:Armeno-Georgian War 5197:Somaliland campaign 5149:Armistice of Mudros 5026:Battle of Caporetto 5016:Battle of Mărășești 4986:Zimmermann telegram 4981:February Revolution 4926:Battle of the Somme 4850:Bug-Narew Offensive 4825:Battle of Gallipoli 4817:Sinking of the RMS 4609:Scramble for Africa 4603:Franco-Prussian War 4259:Sinai and Palestine 3868:The Daily Telegraph 3593:. London: Cassell. 3563:Senior, M. (2012). 3544:Senior, M. (2004). 3506:Miles, W. (1992) . 3405:Duffy, C. (2007) . 3282:The Australian 2016 3212:, pp. 187–188. 3164:, pp. 185–186. 3140:, pp. 184–185. 3116:, pp. 183–184. 3070:, pp. 132–135. 3002:, pp. 134–146. 2954:, pp. 134–135. 2846:, pp. 326–327. 2834:, pp. 147–148. 2788:, pp. 129–130. 2776:, pp. 130–131. 2764:, pp. 131–133. 2737:, pp. 128–129. 2710:, pp. 127–128. 2698:, pp. 126–127. 2647:, pp. 123–124. 2635:, pp. 102–103. 2604:, pp. 116–117. 2562:, pp. 125–126. 2550:, pp. 119–121. 2324:sixty-four 4.5-inch 2293:Attack at Fromelles 2146: / 2080:1,600 to 2,000 men. 1576:In the centre, the 1466:German preparations 1177:Battle of the Somme 1157:Battle of Fleurbaix 1153:Battle of Fromelles 1140:Attack at Fromelles 1109:Associated articles 826:Hartmannswillerkopf 686:Invasion of Belgium 569:Associated articles 257:(10–13 March 1915). 115:50.606250; 2.854694 106: / 37:Attack at Fromelles 18:Battle of Fromelles 6154:Treaty of Lausanne 6069:Paris Economy Pact 6003:UK against Germany 5933:Entry into the war 5899:Urkun (Kyrgyzstan) 5618:Ottoman casualties 5428:Franco-Turkish War 5308:Post-War conflicts 5292:Russian Revolution 5274:Invasion of Darfur 5239:Kelantan rebellion 5227:Kurdish rebellions 5203:Mexican Revolution 5036:October Revolution 5001:Kerensky offensive 4976:Capture of Baghdad 4953:Monastir offensive 4938:Brusilov offensive 4776:Battle of Kolubara 4615:Russo-Japanese War 3665:on 5 February 2016 3548:. Stroud: Sutton. 3348:Cobb, P. (2010) . 2512:Order of Australia 2495:Oxford Archaeology 2177:geophysical survey 2173: 1834: 1805: 1766:(RFC). On 16 July 1764:Royal Flying Corps 1752: 1686: 1621:14th (NSW) Brigade 1612: 1478: 1372: 1340:Commander-in-Chief 1242:(AIF) against the 306:Nord-Pas-de-Calais 6263:Conflicts in 1916 6220: 6219: 6203: 6202: 6187:The Golden Virgin 6181:Mutilated victory 6162: 6161: 6142:Treaty of Trianon 6137:Treaty of Neuilly 6044:Damascus Protocol 5917: 5916: 5877:Armenian genocide 5834:Allied blockades 5806:Belgian refugees 5589: 5588: 5499:Strategic bombing 5475: 5474: 5460:Franco-Syrian War 5434:Greco-Turkish War 5422:Anglo-Turkish War 5405:Polish–Soviet War 5339:German Revolution 5315:Russian Civil War 5298:Finnish Civil War 5124:Battle of Megiddo 5099:Battle of Goychay 5046:Battle of Cambrai 5006:Battle of Mărăști 4921:Battle of Jutland 4901:Erzurum offensive 4756:Siege of Przemyśl 4736:Siege of Tsingtao 4721:Battle of Galicia 4651:Second Balkan War 4639:Italo-Turkish War 4596:Pre-War conflicts 4582: 4581: 4472:Portuguese Empire 4388: 4387: 4350:German New Guinea 4332:Asian and Pacific 4045:978-1-925126-57-0 3998:978-1-84513-691-8 3979:978-1-74066-684-8 3960:978-1-4724-4995-5 3941:978-1-876586-18-8 3922:978-1-876439-67-5 3862:(16 March 2010). 3728:. Sydney: Fairfax 3638:978-0-8371-5029-1 3619:978-0-415-35855-2 3600:978-0-304-35704-8 3574:978-1-84884-643-2 3555:978-0-7509-3666-8 3536:978-1-4087-0108-9 3517:978-0-901627-76-6 3498:978-1-84342-413-0 3475:978-1-84342-196-2 3456:978-0-521-69791-0 3445:Grey, J. (2008). 3416:978-0-7538-2202-9 3397:978-1-86448-611-7 3378:978-0-522-85529-6 3359:978-0-7524-5601-0 2942:, pp. 57–58. 2662:, pp. 16–17. 2328:twenty-two 6-inch 2076:1,547 casualties. 2021:5,513 casualties, 2005:23,000 casualties 1754:From 14 July the 1455:state of collapse 1133: 1132: 959:Nivelle offensive 733:Trouée de Charmes 630: 629: 617:Thiepval Memorial 472:Flers–Courcelette 320: 319: 133: 132: 16:(Redirected from 6275: 6268:July 1916 events 6147:Treaty of Sèvres 6039:Treaty of London 5930: 5708:Northeast France 5639: 5611:Parliamentarians 5544: 5506:Chemical weapons 5484: 5245:Senussi campaign 5215:Muscat rebellion 5209:Maritz rebellion 5177: 5119:Vardar offensive 4948:Battle of Romani 4916:Battle of Asiago 4906:Battle of Verdun 4870:Kosovo offensive 4645:First Balkan War 4593: 4492:Russian Republic 4401: 4195: 4137:Economic history 4104: 4097: 4090: 4081: 4049: 4030: 4028: 4026: 4020: 4013: 4002: 3983: 3964: 3949:Lee, R. (2015). 3945: 3926: 3899: 3897: 3895: 3879: 3877: 3875: 3855: 3853: 3851: 3835: 3833: 3831: 3820:Wartime Magazine 3810: 3808: 3806: 3790: 3788: 3786: 3777:. Archived from 3758: 3756: 3754: 3749:. Melbourne, Aus 3737: 3735: 3733: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3682: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3661:. Archived from 3642: 3623: 3604: 3592: 3578: 3559: 3540: 3521: 3502: 3490: 3479: 3460: 3441: 3431: 3420: 3401: 3382: 3363: 3344: 3342: 3340: 3297: 3291: 3285: 3279: 3273: 3267: 3261: 3255: 3249: 3243: 3237: 3234:Braithwaite 2010 3231: 3225: 3219: 3213: 3207: 3201: 3195: 3189: 3183: 3177: 3171: 3165: 3159: 3153: 3147: 3141: 3135: 3129: 3123: 3117: 3111: 3102: 3092: 3086: 3080: 3071: 3065: 3059: 3053: 3044: 3038: 3032: 3026: 3020: 3014: 3003: 2997: 2991: 2985: 2979: 2973: 2967: 2961: 2955: 2949: 2943: 2937: 2931: 2925: 2919: 2913: 2907: 2901: 2895: 2889: 2883: 2877: 2871: 2865: 2859: 2853: 2847: 2841: 2835: 2829: 2820: 2814: 2801: 2795: 2789: 2783: 2777: 2771: 2765: 2759: 2753: 2747: 2738: 2732: 2726: 2720: 2711: 2705: 2699: 2693: 2687: 2681: 2675: 2669: 2663: 2657: 2648: 2642: 2636: 2630: 2617: 2611: 2605: 2599: 2590: 2584: 2575: 2569: 2563: 2557: 2551: 2545: 2536: 2530: 2515: 2504: 2498: 2490: 2484: 2473: 2467: 2464: 2458: 2443: 2437: 2430: 2424: 2413: 2407: 2388: 2382: 2379: 2373: 2369: 2363: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2340:forty 60-pounder 2337: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2308: 2302: 2300: 2289: 2275: 2247: 2241: 2214: 2195: 2161: 2160: 2158: 2157: 2156: 2151: 2147: 2144: 2143: 2142: 2139: 2130: 2124: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2061: 2057: 2049: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2022: 2006: 2002: 1986: 1979: 1965: 1940: 1926: 1912: 1911:1,177 casualties 1907: 1900: 1884: 1862: 1850: 1845: 1841: 1822: 1817: 1811: 1801: 1722: 1717: 1709: 1701: 1696: 1669: 1665: 1656: 1648: 1641: 1561: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1518: 1499: 1493: 1460: 1426: 1422: 1350: 1346: 1308: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1286: 1278: 1272: 1257: 1165: 1150: 1148:[fʁɔmɛl] 1145: 1072:St Quentin Canal 667: 657: 650: 643: 634: 575:Hébuterne (1915) 538:Schwaben Redoubt 358: 356: 346: 339: 332: 323: 277: 276: 270: 235: 232: 197: 195: 194: 185: 181: 179: 178: 170: 166: 164: 163: 151: 149: 148: 121: 120: 118: 117: 116: 111: 107: 104: 103: 102: 99: 68: 67: 58: 34: 21: 6283: 6282: 6278: 6277: 6276: 6274: 6273: 6272: 6223: 6222: 6221: 6216: 6199: 6158: 6090: 6083: 6054:Treaty of Darin 6022: 5984: 5940:Austria-Hungary 5926: 5913: 5894:Rape of Belgium 5821: 5793: 5741: 5735:Western Armenia 5730:Eastern Galicia 5663: 5637: 5601: 5600:Civilian impact 5599: 5585: 5542: 5471: 5303: 5233:Ovambo Uprising 5185: 5171: 5060: 4962: 4889: 4807:Battle of Łomża 4790: 4786:Christmas truce 4761:Race to the Sea 4694: 4656: 4578: 4549:Austria-Hungary 4525: 4460:Empire of Japan 4397: 4395: 4384: 4368:U-boat campaign 4354: 4326: 4288: 4240: 4186: 4167:Popular culture 4113: 4108: 4056: 4046: 4033: 4024: 4022: 4021:on 7 April 2016 4018: 4011: 4005: 3999: 3986: 3980: 3967: 3961: 3948: 3942: 3929: 3923: 3910: 3907: 3905:Further reading 3902: 3893: 3891: 3882: 3873: 3871: 3858: 3849: 3847: 3838: 3829: 3827: 3813: 3804: 3802: 3793: 3784: 3782: 3781:on 5 April 2012 3768: 3752: 3750: 3740: 3731: 3729: 3719: 3710: 3708: 3698: 3689: 3687: 3677: 3668: 3666: 3652: 3639: 3626: 3620: 3607: 3601: 3581: 3575: 3562: 3556: 3543: 3537: 3524: 3518: 3505: 3499: 3482: 3476: 3463: 3457: 3444: 3423: 3417: 3404: 3398: 3385: 3379: 3366: 3360: 3347: 3338: 3336: 3314: 3305: 3300: 3292: 3288: 3280: 3276: 3268: 3264: 3256: 3252: 3244: 3240: 3232: 3228: 3220: 3216: 3208: 3204: 3196: 3192: 3184: 3180: 3172: 3168: 3160: 3156: 3148: 3144: 3136: 3132: 3124: 3120: 3112: 3105: 3097:, p. 112; 3093: 3089: 3081: 3074: 3066: 3062: 3054: 3047: 3039: 3035: 3027: 3023: 3015: 3006: 2998: 2994: 2986: 2982: 2974: 2970: 2962: 2958: 2950: 2946: 2938: 2934: 2926: 2922: 2914: 2910: 2902: 2898: 2890: 2886: 2878: 2874: 2866: 2862: 2854: 2850: 2842: 2838: 2830: 2823: 2815: 2804: 2796: 2792: 2784: 2780: 2772: 2768: 2760: 2756: 2748: 2741: 2733: 2729: 2721: 2714: 2706: 2702: 2694: 2690: 2682: 2678: 2670: 2666: 2658: 2651: 2643: 2639: 2631: 2620: 2612: 2608: 2600: 2593: 2585: 2578: 2570: 2566: 2558: 2554: 2546: 2539: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2518: 2505: 2501: 2491: 2487: 2474: 2470: 2465: 2461: 2444: 2440: 2431: 2427: 2414: 2410: 2389: 2385: 2380: 2376: 2370: 2366: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2309: 2305: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2276: 2273: 2254: 2229: 2212: 2193: 2171: 2154: 2152: 2148: 2145: 2140: 2137: 2135: 2133: 2132: 2128:Fasanenwäldchen 2101: 2096: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2060:718 casualties. 2059: 2055: 2047: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2020: 2013: 2004: 2000: 1984: 1980: 1977: 1966: 1963: 1941: 1938: 1927: 1924: 1910: 1898: 1882: 1874: 1869: 1860: 1848: 1843: 1832: 1820: 1809: 1803: 1789: 1787:German 6th Army 1750: 1742: 1720: 1715: 1707: 1699: 1694: 1684: 1667: 1663: 1654: 1651:Colin Mackenzie 1646: 1610: 1559: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1537: 1529: 1526:100 casualties, 1525: 1521: 1516: 1476: 1468: 1458: 1438: 1424: 1420: 1378:(Major General 1370: 1362: 1357: 1348: 1344: 1306: 1303: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1284: 1256:outnumbered 2:1 1255: 1173:First World War 1143: 1136: 1135: 1134: 1129: 1106: 910:Vimy Ridge 1916 787:Race to the Sea 755:1st St. Quentin 677: 668: 663: 661: 631: 626: 612:Leipzig Salient 580:Order of Battle 566: 359: 355:Somme Offensive 354: 352: 350: 316: 315: 314: 313: 312: 293:Fromelles is a 291: 285: 284: 283: 282: 278: 233: 192: 190: 176: 174: 173: 161: 159: 158: 146: 144: 114: 112: 108: 105: 100: 97: 95: 93: 92: 91: 74:19–20 July 1916 62: 59: 48:First World War 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6281: 6279: 6271: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6233:1916 in France 6225: 6224: 6218: 6217: 6215: 6214: 6208: 6205: 6204: 6201: 6200: 6198: 6197: 6190: 6183: 6178: 6170: 6168: 6164: 6163: 6160: 6159: 6157: 6156: 6151: 6150: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6119: 6114: 6113: 6112: 6107: 6099: 6093: 6091: 6089:Peace treaties 6088: 6085: 6084: 6082: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6030: 6028: 6024: 6023: 6021: 6020: 6015: 6010: 6005: 6000: 5994: 5992: 5986: 5985: 5983: 5982: 5977: 5975:United Kingdom 5972: 5967: 5965:Ottoman Empire 5962: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5936: 5934: 5927: 5922: 5919: 5918: 5915: 5914: 5912: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5896: 5891: 5890: 5889: 5884: 5879: 5869: 5867:Sack of Dinant 5864: 5859: 5854: 5853: 5852: 5847: 5846: 5845: 5831: 5829: 5823: 5822: 5820: 5819: 5818: 5817: 5815:United Kingdom 5812: 5803: 5801: 5795: 5794: 5792: 5791: 5790: 5789: 5784: 5775: 5769:POW locations 5767: 5762: 5761: 5760: 5751: 5749: 5743: 5742: 5740: 5739: 5738: 5737: 5732: 5724: 5719: 5718: 5717: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5692: 5691: 5690: 5685: 5677: 5671: 5669: 5665: 5664: 5662: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5645: 5643: 5636: 5635: 5634: 5633: 5628: 5620: 5615: 5614: 5613: 5604: 5602: 5594: 5591: 5590: 5587: 5586: 5584: 5583: 5578: 5577: 5576: 5569:United Kingdom 5566: 5564:Ottoman Empire 5561: 5556: 5550: 5548: 5541: 5540: 5538:Trench warfare 5535: 5534: 5533: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5502: 5501: 5490: 5488: 5481: 5477: 5476: 5473: 5472: 5470: 5469: 5463: 5457: 5451: 5445: 5444: 5443: 5437: 5431: 5425: 5414: 5408: 5402: 5396: 5390: 5384: 5378: 5372: 5366: 5360: 5354: 5348: 5342: 5336: 5330: 5324: 5318: 5311: 5309: 5305: 5304: 5302: 5301: 5295: 5289: 5283: 5277: 5271: 5265: 5259: 5254: 5251:Volta-Bani War 5248: 5242: 5236: 5230: 5224: 5218: 5212: 5206: 5200: 5193: 5191: 5187: 5186: 5184: 5183: 5178: 5166: 5161: 5156: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5116: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5089:Zeebrugge Raid 5086: 5081: 5076: 5070: 5068: 5062: 5061: 5059: 5058: 5053: 5048: 5043: 5038: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4972: 4970: 4964: 4963: 4961: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4945: 4940: 4935: 4934: 4933: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4897: 4895: 4891: 4890: 4888: 4887: 4882: 4880:Battle of Loos 4877: 4872: 4867: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4798: 4796: 4792: 4791: 4789: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4771:Black Sea raid 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4702: 4700: 4696: 4695: 4693: 4692: 4687: 4682: 4677: 4676: 4675: 4673:Historiography 4664: 4662: 4658: 4657: 4655: 4654: 4648: 4642: 4636: 4630: 4627:Bosnian Crisis 4624: 4621:Tangier Crisis 4618: 4612: 4606: 4599: 4597: 4590: 4584: 4583: 4580: 4579: 4577: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4556: 4554:Ottoman Empire 4551: 4546: 4541: 4535: 4533: 4531:Central Powers 4527: 4526: 4524: 4523: 4518: 4517: 4516: 4514:British Empire 4509:United Kingdom 4506: 4501: 4496: 4495: 4494: 4489: 4487:Russian Empire 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4463: 4462: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4441: 4440: 4430: 4425: 4420: 4415: 4409: 4407: 4405:Entente Powers 4398: 4393: 4390: 4389: 4386: 4385: 4383: 4382: 4377: 4376: 4375: 4373:North Atlantic 4364: 4362: 4356: 4355: 4353: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4336: 4334: 4328: 4327: 4325: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4304: 4298: 4296: 4290: 4289: 4287: 4286: 4284:Central Arabia 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4250: 4248: 4246:Middle Eastern 4242: 4241: 4239: 4238: 4233: 4232: 4231: 4221: 4216: 4215: 4214: 4203: 4201: 4192: 4188: 4187: 4185: 4184: 4179: 4174: 4169: 4164: 4159: 4154: 4149: 4147:Historiography 4144: 4139: 4134: 4129: 4124: 4118: 4115: 4114: 4109: 4107: 4106: 4099: 4092: 4084: 4078: 4077: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4055: 4054:External links 4052: 4051: 4050: 4044: 4031: 4003: 3997: 3984: 3978: 3965: 3959: 3946: 3940: 3927: 3921: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3900: 3880: 3860:McPhedran, Ian 3856: 3836: 3826:on 9 June 2007 3811: 3801:on 21 May 2013 3791: 3760: 3759: 3738: 3717: 3696: 3685:The Australian 3675: 3644: 3643: 3637: 3624: 3618: 3605: 3599: 3579: 3573: 3560: 3554: 3541: 3535: 3522: 3516: 3503: 3497: 3480: 3474: 3461: 3455: 3442: 3421: 3415: 3402: 3396: 3383: 3377: 3364: 3358: 3350:Fromelles 1916 3345: 3316:Bean, C. E. W. 3311: 3304: 3301: 3299: 3298: 3286: 3274: 3262: 3250: 3238: 3226: 3222:McPhedran 2010 3214: 3202: 3190: 3178: 3166: 3154: 3152:, p. 184. 3142: 3130: 3118: 3103: 3101:, p. 442. 3087: 3072: 3060: 3058:, p. 132. 3045: 3033: 3031:, p. 170. 3021: 3019:, p. 131. 3004: 2992: 2990:, p. 392. 2980: 2978:, p. 447. 2968: 2964:Sheffield 2003 2956: 2944: 2932: 2930:, p. 186. 2920: 2908: 2896: 2894:, p. 134. 2884: 2882:, p. 131. 2872: 2870:, p. 129. 2860: 2858:, p. 127. 2848: 2836: 2821: 2819:, p. 133. 2802: 2800:, p. 132. 2790: 2778: 2766: 2754: 2739: 2727: 2725:, p. 128. 2712: 2700: 2688: 2686:, p. 124. 2676: 2674:, p. 122. 2664: 2649: 2637: 2618: 2616:, p. 121. 2606: 2591: 2589:, p. 123. 2576: 2564: 2552: 2537: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2516: 2499: 2485: 2468: 2459: 2438: 2425: 2408: 2383: 2374: 2364: 2332:eight 9.2-inch 2303: 2283: 2281: 2278: 2271: 2253: 2250: 2228: 2225: 2169: 2100: 2097: 2095: 2092: 2088:trench railway 2068:544 casualties 2012: 2009: 1975: 1961: 1936: 1922: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1865: 1830: 1795: 1788: 1785: 1779:and a British 1748: 1741: 1740:Air operations 1738: 1682: 1605:Troops of the 1604: 1582:shrapnel shell 1541: 1538: 1536: 1533: 1530:32 casualties. 1509:Battle of Loos 1474: 1467: 1464: 1437: 1434: 1368: 1361: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1324:Richard Haking 1312:Herbert Plumer 1302: 1299: 1296:150 prisoners. 1252:trench warfare 1228:Richard Haking 1215:, rather than 1207:, between the 1197:Herbert Plumer 1131: 1130: 1128: 1127: 1122: 1117: 1105: 1104: 1102:Lys and Escaut 1099: 1094: 1089: 1084: 1079: 1074: 1069: 1064: 1059: 1054: 1049: 1044: 1043: 1042: 1037: 1032: 1027: 1022: 1004: 1003: 998: 993: 988: 983: 982: 981: 976: 971: 966: 956: 949: 938: 937: 932: 927: 922: 917: 912: 907: 902: 897: 892: 887: 882: 871: 870: 865: 860: 855: 850: 849: 848: 838: 833: 831:Neuve Chapelle 828: 823: 812: 811: 806: 804:Winter actions 801: 800: 799: 794: 784: 779: 774: 769: 767:Grand Couronné 764: 759: 758: 757: 752: 747: 737: 736: 735: 730: 725: 720: 715: 705: 704: 703: 698: 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6196: 6195: 6191: 6189: 6188: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6176: 6172: 6171: 6169: 6165: 6155: 6152: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6124: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6102: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6094: 6092: 6086: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6031: 6029: 6025: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5995: 5993: 5991: 5987: 5981: 5980:United States 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5937: 5935: 5931: 5928: 5925: 5920: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5880: 5878: 5875: 5874: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5851: 5848: 5844: 5841: 5840: 5839: 5836: 5835: 5833: 5832: 5830: 5828: 5824: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5807: 5805: 5804: 5802: 5800: 5796: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5770: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5759: 5756: 5755: 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5299: 5296: 5293: 5290: 5287: 5286:Kaocen revolt 5284: 5281: 5280:Easter Rising 5278: 5275: 5272: 5269: 5266: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5252: 5249: 5246: 5243: 5240: 5237: 5234: 5231: 5228: 5225: 5222: 5219: 5216: 5213: 5210: 5207: 5204: 5201: 5198: 5195: 5194: 5192: 5188: 5182: 5179: 5175: 5170: 5167: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5071: 5069: 5067: 5063: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5044: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4973: 4971: 4969: 4965: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4932: 4929: 4928: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4898: 4896: 4892: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4845:Great Retreat 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4820: 4815: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4799: 4797: 4793: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4716:Battle of Cer 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4703: 4701: 4697: 4691: 4688: 4686: 4683: 4681: 4678: 4674: 4671: 4670: 4669: 4666: 4665: 4663: 4659: 4652: 4649: 4646: 4643: 4640: 4637: 4634: 4633:Agadir Crisis 4631: 4628: 4625: 4622: 4619: 4616: 4613: 4610: 4607: 4604: 4601: 4600: 4598: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4585: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4536: 4534: 4532: 4528: 4522: 4521:United States 4519: 4515: 4512: 4511: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4484: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4461: 4458: 4457: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4439: 4438:French Empire 4436: 4435: 4434: 4431: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4410: 4408: 4406: 4402: 4399: 4391: 4381: 4380:Mediterranean 4378: 4374: 4371: 4370: 4369: 4366: 4365: 4363: 4361: 4360:Naval warfare 4357: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4338: 4337: 4335: 4333: 4329: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4299: 4297: 4295: 4291: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4251: 4249: 4247: 4243: 4237: 4236:Italian Front 4234: 4230: 4227: 4226: 4225: 4224:Eastern Front 4222: 4220: 4219:Western Front 4217: 4213: 4210: 4209: 4208: 4205: 4204: 4202: 4200: 4196: 4193: 4189: 4183: 4180: 4178: 4177:Puppet states 4175: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4155: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4145: 4143: 4140: 4138: 4135: 4133: 4130: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4120: 4119: 4116: 4112: 4105: 4100: 4098: 4093: 4091: 4086: 4085: 4082: 4076: 4073: 4071: 4068: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4057: 4053: 4047: 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3242: 3239: 3235: 3230: 3227: 3223: 3218: 3215: 3211: 3206: 3203: 3199: 3198:WA Today 2009 3194: 3191: 3187: 3182: 3179: 3175: 3170: 3167: 3163: 3158: 3155: 3151: 3146: 3143: 3139: 3134: 3131: 3128:, p. xi. 3127: 3126:Corfield 2009 3122: 3119: 3115: 3110: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3091: 3088: 3084: 3083:McMullin 2006 3079: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3064: 3061: 3057: 3052: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3037: 3034: 3030: 3025: 3022: 3018: 3013: 3011: 3009: 3005: 3001: 3000:Williams 2005 2996: 2993: 2989: 2988:Philpott 2009 2984: 2981: 2977: 2972: 2969: 2966:, p. 94. 2965: 2960: 2957: 2953: 2948: 2945: 2941: 2936: 2933: 2929: 2924: 2921: 2918:, p. 57. 2917: 2912: 2909: 2905: 2900: 2897: 2893: 2888: 2885: 2881: 2876: 2873: 2869: 2864: 2861: 2857: 2852: 2849: 2845: 2840: 2837: 2833: 2828: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2813: 2811: 2809: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2794: 2791: 2787: 2782: 2779: 2775: 2770: 2767: 2763: 2758: 2755: 2752:, p. 36. 2751: 2750:McMullin 2006 2746: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2731: 2728: 2724: 2719: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2704: 2701: 2697: 2692: 2689: 2685: 2680: 2677: 2673: 2668: 2665: 2661: 2656: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2641: 2638: 2634: 2629: 2627: 2625: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2610: 2607: 2603: 2598: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2583: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2568: 2565: 2561: 2556: 2553: 2549: 2544: 2542: 2538: 2535:, p. 11. 2534: 2529: 2526: 2520: 2513: 2509: 2503: 2500: 2496: 2489: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2472: 2469: 2463: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2442: 2439: 2435: 2429: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2412: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2387: 2384: 2378: 2375: 2368: 2365: 2352:200,000 field 2307: 2304: 2299: 2294: 2288: 2285: 2279: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2251: 2249: 2246: 2242:) run by the 2240: 2234: 2226: 2224: 2222: 2218: 2213:75 Australian 2210: 2206: 2201: 2199: 2194:250 soldiers, 2191: 2187: 2183: 2178: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2138:50°36′36.36″N 2129: 2123: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2098: 2094:Commemoration 2093: 2091: 2089: 2086: 2065: 2053: 2048:887 personnel 2045: 2041: 2018: 2010: 2008: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1974: 1970: 1960: 1956: 1953: 1948: 1935: 1931: 1921: 1917: 1914: 1906: 1896: 1891: 1887: 1883:470 cylinders 1880: 1871: 1866: 1864: 1858: 1854: 1840: 1828: 1824: 1816: 1810:61 prisoners. 1800: 1796:Fokker E.III 1793: 1786: 1784: 1782: 1778: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1746: 1739: 1737: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1713: 1703: 1691: 1680: 1676: 1674: 1661: 1652: 1643: 1640: 1635: 1630: 1627: 1622: 1617: 1608: 1602: 1598: 1596: 1591: 1590:184th Brigade 1587: 1583: 1579: 1578:183rd Brigade 1574: 1571: 1567: 1566:182nd Brigade 1562: 1539: 1534: 1532: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1501: 1498: 1492: 1487: 1484:, the German 1483: 1472: 1465: 1463: 1456: 1451: 1450:no man's land 1447: 1443: 1435: 1433: 1430: 1418: 1414: 1409: 1405: 1404:39th Division 1401: 1397: 1393: 1392:31st Division 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1366: 1359: 1354: 1352: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1327: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1316:Charles Monro 1313: 1300: 1298: 1282: 1277: 1271: 1270: 1264: 1259: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1220: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1189:Charles Munro 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1169:Western Front 1166: 1164: 1158: 1154: 1149: 1141: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1112: 1111: 1110: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1093: 1090: 1088: 1085: 1083: 1080: 1078: 1077:Meuse-Argonne 1075: 1073: 1070: 1068: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1041: 1038: 1036: 1033: 1031: 1028: 1026: 1023: 1021: 1020: 1016: 1015: 1014: 1011: 1010: 1009: 1008: 1002: 999: 997: 994: 992: 991:Passchendaele 989: 987: 984: 980: 977: 975: 972: 970: 967: 965: 962: 961: 960: 957: 955: 954: 950: 948: 945: 944: 943: 942: 936: 933: 931: 928: 926: 923: 921: 918: 916: 913: 911: 908: 906: 903: 901: 898: 896: 893: 891: 888: 886: 883: 881: 878: 877: 876: 875: 869: 866: 864: 861: 859: 856: 854: 853:2nd Champagne 851: 847: 844: 843: 842: 839: 837: 834: 832: 829: 827: 824: 822: 821:1st Champagne 819: 818: 817: 816: 810: 807: 805: 802: 798: 795: 793: 790: 789: 788: 785: 783: 780: 778: 775: 773: 770: 768: 765: 763: 760: 756: 753: 751: 748: 746: 743: 742: 741: 740:Great Retreat 738: 734: 731: 729: 726: 724: 721: 719: 716: 714: 711: 710: 709: 706: 702: 699: 697: 694: 692: 689: 688: 687: 684: 682: 679: 678: 676: 671: 666: 665:Western Front 658: 653: 651: 646: 644: 639: 638: 635: 623: 620: 618: 615: 613: 610: 606: 603: 601: 598: 596: 593: 592: 591: 590:Mines, 1 July 588: 586: 583: 581: 578: 576: 573: 572: 571: 570: 561: 558: 557: 556: 553: 549: 548:Regina Trench 546: 544: 543:Stuff Redoubt 541: 539: 536: 535: 534: 533:Ancre Heights 531: 527: 524: 522: 519: 517: 514: 513: 512: 509: 507: 504: 500: 497: 495: 492: 490: 487: 486: 485: 482: 478: 475: 474: 473: 470: 468: 465: 463: 460: 456: 453: 452: 451: 448: 446: 445:Delville Wood 443: 439: 436: 434: 431: 429: 426: 424: 421: 419: 416: 415: 414: 411: 407: 404: 402: 399: 397: 394: 392: 389: 387: 384: 382: 379: 377: 374: 373: 372: 369: 368: 367: 362: 357: 347: 342: 340: 335: 333: 328: 327: 324: 311: 307: 303: 300: 299:Pas-de-Calais 296: 290: 269: 260: 256: 251: 247: 244: 243: 238: 234: 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2012 3041:Senior 2012 3029:Senior 2004 3017:Senior 2012 2455:Vietnam War 2338:howitzers, 2334:howitzers, 2330:howitzers, 2326:howitzers, 2190:Exhumations 2175:In 2007, a 2153: / 1895:Armentières 1777:Fokker E.Is 1772:10 Squadron 1768:16 Squadron 1712:box-barrage 1570:sally ports 1547:11:00 a.m., 1517:75 shelters 1497:Kampfgraben 1440:The German 1429:Fourth Army 1388:Fauquissart 1380:James McCay 1213:breastworks 1209:Fauquissart 1201:Fourth Army 1193:Second Army 1171:during the 1087:2nd Cambrai 925:Boar's Head 915:Mont Sorrel 622:Ancre, 1917 585:Boar's Head 511:Le Transloy 499:Gueudecourt 477:Martinpuich 423:Trônes Wood 248:1,600–2,000 113: / 101:2°51′16.9″E 6227:Categories 6027:Agreements 5827:War crimes 5703:Luxembourg 5596:Casualties 4467:Montenegro 4302:South West 4182:Technology 4172:Propaganda 4162:Opposition 3690:5 February 3669:5 February 3647:Newspapers 3303:References 3095:Ellis 1920 2952:Miles 1992 2940:Duffy 2007 2928:Duffy 2007 2916:Duffy 2007 2904:Miles 1992 2892:Miles 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5359:(1918–19) 5353:(1918–19) 5341:(1918–19) 5288:(1916–17) 5270:(1916–17) 5221:Zaian War 5211:(1914–15) 4931:first day 4819:Lusitania 4647:(1912–13) 4641:(1911–12) 4629:(1908–09) 4623:(1905–06) 4605:(1870–71) 4394:Principal 4254:Gallipoli 4157:Memorials 4142:Geography 4132:Aftermath 3589:The Somme 3334:271462387 3318:(1941) . 3258:ASBF 2002 3210:Cobb 2010 3162:Cobb 2010 3150:Cobb 2010 3138:Cobb 2010 3114:Cobb 2010 3099:Bean 1941 2976:Bean 1941 2633:Grey 2008 2521:Citations 2318:mortars, 2314:mortars, 2280:Footnotes 2221:dedicated 2056:106 other 2050:from the 2032:1,717 men 2028:1,776 men 2024:2,000 men 1985:7,000 men 1867:Aftermath 1861:5:30 p.m. 1849:8:10 a.m. 1844:6:00 a.m. 1839:Kastenweg 1821:8:00 p.m. 1815:Kastenweg 1799:Eindecker 1760:Beaucamps 1736:wounded. 1721:9:00 a.m. 1716:7:50 a.m. 1708:5:40 a.m. 1700:3:15 a.m. 1695:2:00 a.m. 1647:7:00 p.m. 1639:Kastenweg 1560:5:30 p.m. 1551:6:00 p.m. 1446:Sugarloaf 1423:guns and 1421:296 field 1294:and lost 1195:(General 1187:(General 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