164:
307:
295:
283:
271:
259:
241:
229:
217:
152:
875:. In 1996, the Russian public, military and political elite were fed up and opted to withdraw Russian troops. Anyway, the destruction of Grozny in August 1996 was hardly a reasonable option: Thousands of MVD troops were trapped in the city and most likely would have perished together with the Chechens. Today heavy bombs and guns are used against Chechen towns and villages without limitations."
780:
being killed or wounded within just two days. Only one column of armored vehicles succeeded in delivering some supplies to the besieged federal stronghold in the city center and evacuating some of the wounded. Over the course of five days of counterattacking, Russian columns lost 18 tanks, 69 other armoured vehicles, and 23 trucks and cars. In addition, four helicopters were shot down.
319:
198:
186:
139:
779:
When the
Russian military sent another column on August 8, they too were stopped and lost many vehicles to Chechen ambushes. On the fifth day of the battle, 900 fresh soldiers of the 276th Motor Rifle Regiment attempted to retake the center of the city, but failed at the price of about half of them
803:
at 300,000. Strikes by aircraft and artillery commenced on August 20. In chaotic scenes, as the bombardment indiscriminately hit residential areas and at least one hospital, terrified refugees fled the city. Many of them were reportedly killed when their columns were hit by artillery fire. In all,
686:
On August 6, 1996, Chechen units attacking Grozny consisted of around 1,500 fighters. Initially, Russian media reported that only 250 fighters had entered the city. The
Russian garrison inside the city consisted of some 12,000 troops. To overcome the Russian numerical superiority, Chechen chief of
729:
The largest pocket was located at the government offices in the center of the city, including the interior ministry building and the republican FSB headquarters. A group of about 10 Russian journalists were trapped in a hotel near the compound. The pro-Russian
Chechen government fled to Khankala
714:
security and military intelligence services. They also blocked roads and took up strategic positions on the approaches to the city. According to
Chechen commander Turpal Ali-Kaimov, 1,500 Chechen fighters infiltrated the city, of which 47 were killed during the initial attack.
807:
The number of those who remained in the city was estimated by
Memorial at between 50,000 and 70,000, and males older than 11 were considered suspected fighters and not let through the Russian lines. Many refugees were also fired on at checkpoints, and Russian state television
695:. Using their intimate knowledge of the city, Chechen units entered Grozny and avoided the network of Russian checkpoints and other positions in a carefully planned and highly coordinated rapid advance before attacking or blocking targets deep in Moscow-controlled territory.
578:
798:
On August 19, Russian
General Kostantin Pulikovsky surrounded the city and issued an ultimatum that the Chechen fighters should leave Grozny within 48 hours or face an all-out attack. The threat resulted in mass panic among the remaining civilian population, estimated by
775:
by seizing Grozny's main railway station (according to the 2002 indictment by the
Russian government, Zakayev's fighters killed or wounded more than 300 MVD troops at the train station); as a result, Russian tanks became much easier targets for Chechen mobile units.
207:
722:), barracks, police stations, and other Russian positions, the Chechen fighters cut off and isolated most of them, mining the approaches to prevent escape or reinforcements, and waited for the government troops to surrender. By August 9, Russian news agency
658:
In July 1996, the
Russian leadership abandoned the uneasy peace process in Chechnya and resumed large-scale military operations. Between July 9 and July 16, 1996, Russian forces attacked Chechen bases in the foothills and mountains in the south of the
460:
760:, except for a few dozens of those who were guilty of shedding Chechen blood." Within a week, the number of Chechen fighters in Grozny grew to between 6,000 and 7,000 as members of Zavgayev's forces changed sides and reinforcements were received.
503:
464:
730:
military base, just outside the capital. In another part of the city, several groups of
Russian troops took shelter at the Municipal Hospital 9, where they held approximately 500 civilians hostage until they were allowed to evacuate.
3094:
843:
The Khasav-Yurt Accord paved the way for the signing of two further agreements between Russia and
Chechnya. In mid-November 1996, Boris Yeltsin and Aslan Maskhadov signed an agreement on economic relations and
756:
According to Gelayev, "Zavgayev had either 15 or 18 thousand 'Chechen policemen' , but as soon as we entered Grozny in August 1996, they all scattered and went home, then they went over to the
1873:
2078:
423:
827:(OSCE). On August 22, Russia agreed to withdraw of all its forces in Chechnya to their bases at Khankala and Severny. On August 30, 1996, Generals Lebed and Maskhadov signed the
867:
commented: "In 1996, Russian generals insisted that they could 'liberate' Grozny only by totally destroying the city with massive heavy gun and aerial bombardments, but such an
824:
718:
The Chechen forces attacked Grozny at 5:50 on August 6 in an operation that took three hours. Rather than trying to capture or destroy all individual fortified checkpoints (
2048:
2038:
1586:
2437:
2091:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
2063:
525:
726:
put the number of surrounded troops at some 7,000. In addition to MVD and FSB troops and non-combat personnel, military troops were stationed in the city.
416:
2722:
3064:
2068:
1878:
1962:
553:
3069:
2012:
1610:
3114:
2053:
1711:
1683:
1409:
409:
2732:
1669:
666:
On August 6, the very day of the offensive, Russian forces began a major operation in the village of Alkhan-Yurt by moving 1,500 paramilitary
3089:
2230:
2220:
1461:
977:
3104:
3099:
2727:
2073:
795:
declared a day of mourning for the victims in Chechnya. Battles also continued on the outskirts of the city and elsewhere in the republic.
628:
1472:
823:
After returning to Chechnya on August 20, Lebed ordered a new ceasefire and re-opened direct talks with the Chechen leaders, aided by the
663:. On July 20, Russian forces launched a large-scale campaign to pacify the southern highlands, moving most of their combat troops there.
3074:
2017:
1941:
510:
2086:
1992:
1532:
1329:
764:
1642:
529:
1666:
1442:
1382:
1036:
999:
891:
733:
A number of Chechens deemed to be collaborators were rounded up, detained, and executed. According to the human rights organization
1833:
1812:
1782:
849:
488:
3079:
2417:
2043:
1828:
1755:
1349:
450:
67:
3109:
2130:
624:
1997:
1787:
1652:
493:
1512:
820:
managed to mostly avert further bloodshed in Grozny. Meanwhile, the Russian offensive in the southern mountains continued.
1977:
563:
455:
1720:
1573:
1473:"The Violation of Human Rights and Norms of Humanitarian Law in the Course of the Armed Conflict in the Chechen Republic"
1296:
2412:
168:
163:
2454:
1686:, Research Paper 00/14, February 7, 2000, International Affairs and Defence Section, House of Commons Library, London
1648:
1594:
3054:
2144:
2007:
1967:
1704:
848:
to Chechens who had been affected by the 1994–96 war. On May 12, 1997, Presidents Maskhadov and Yeltsin signed the
377:
345:
2235:
1987:
1853:
1777:
483:
2247:
2242:
1946:
1848:
1749:
1012:
711:
707:
667:
558:
520:
3059:
2058:
1843:
784:
772:
634:
The much smaller Chechen forces infiltrated Grozny and either routed the MVD forces or split them into many
642:
units that had been sent to eject the fighters and rescue their own trapped forces. The final result was a
202:
3084:
2717:
2178:
1737:
1454:
Behind Their Backs: Russian Forces' Use of Civilians as Hostages and Human Shields During the Chechnya War
753:
after defenders at the mayor's office surrendered on August 6, reportedly on the promise of free passage.
737:, reliable sources stated that the execution list for one region of Grozny comprised more than 200 names.
573:
1618:
2521:
2493:
2213:
2157:
1838:
1697:
868:
639:
190:
1026:
967:
878:
The Russian defeat in the battle was considered Russia's "worst military defeat since the disasters of
2596:
2208:
2098:
1982:
1868:
1772:
879:
809:
738:
692:
478:
233:
1492:
1413:
498:
3001:
2355:
2002:
1863:
1164:
2987:
2757:
2657:
2442:
2432:
2172:
2033:
1743:
857:
845:
828:
800:
734:
620:
541:
111:
767:
arrived to assist the trapped Russian forces. The day before, a Chechen separatist group led by
1476:
787:
in Grozny said that "most of the city is mined, and there's a lot of aerial bombardments." The
2945:
2830:
2771:
2671:
2427:
1972:
1807:
1792:
1731:
1662:
1457:
1438:
1378:
1032:
973:
864:
832:
647:
635:
536:
433:
32:
3029:
3021:
3007:
2993:
2979:
2965:
2951:
2937:
2931:
2923:
2917:
2909:
2895:
2881:
2855:
2844:
2836:
2822:
2808:
2790:
2777:
2763:
2749:
2712:
2685:
2677:
2663:
2649:
2635:
2621:
2602:
2588:
2569:
2555:
2541:
2527:
2513:
2499:
2485:
2479:
2471:
2422:
2375:
2369:
2361:
2347:
2323:
2113:
1858:
813:
660:
116:
Russian Military and Strategic Failure - Complete withdrawal of Russian forces from Chechnya
1536:
1333:
1132:
1130:
1128:
2903:
2875:
2869:
2863:
2816:
2796:
2507:
2447:
2383:
2310:
2300:
2290:
2165:
2151:
2136:
945:
817:
688:
515:
263:
1552:
2959:
2889:
2849:
2629:
2615:
2582:
2577:
2549:
2535:
2341:
2331:
2295:
1330:"Chechen peace talks may resume; But civilian casualties mount in intensified fighting"
856:
in the summer of 1999, however, led to a breach of these treaties and the start of the
788:
768:
750:
703:
323:
311:
287:
275:
1643:
View From the Wolves' Den – The Chechens and Urban Operations: The Recapture of Grozny
1353:
698:
Their main objectives were the command and control assets at the military airfield at
3048:
2643:
2610:
2305:
2285:
2108:
1797:
792:
671:
568:
221:
3015:
2973:
2785:
2563:
2336:
2103:
853:
746:
245:
1431:
791:
called on both sides to cease fire immediately, without effect. Russian President
1516:
1393:
816:
was shot dead by federal soldiers while trying to flee the city. Russian General
2262:
1371:
872:
299:
2802:
1951:
1410:"Fighting rages on in Chechnya; Situation said to be 'totally out of control'"
1304:
757:
82:
69:
1218:
1136:
643:
1689:
852:, calling for "peace and the principles of Russian-Chechen relations." The
1651:, Royal Danish Defence College in co-operation with Märta-Lisa Magnusson,
1197:
Interview with Commander Khamzat Gelayev, Kavkaz Center, October 27, 2003.
1188:
Interview with Commander Khamzat Gelayev, Kavkaz Center, October 27, 2003.
2317:
2257:
2252:
723:
699:
612:
61:
2280:
2203:
675:
616:
143:
57:
401:
627:
and subsequently posted a large garrison of federal and republican
1297:"Lebed Seeks to Avert Slaughter Of Civilians in Chechen Conflict"
2225:
742:
1693:
405:
373:
341:
1373:
The Chechen Wars: Will Russia Go the Way of the Soviet Union?
745:
special police officers who were executed by the fighters of
1471:
Orlov, Oleg Petrovich; Cherkasov, Aleksandr; Sokolov, A. V.
918:
916:
914:
912:
910:
908:
906:
1659:
Russia's Chechen Wars 1994–2000: Lessons from Urban Combat
1533:"Residents flee in panic as Grozny becomes a battleground"
611:, when Chechen fighters regained and then kept control of
1398:
Institute for the Study of Conflict, Ideology, and Policy
1076:
1074:
1072:
3095:
Attacks on hospitals during the Chechen–Russian conflict
1091:
1089:
1585:
van der Laan, Nanette; Gedye, Robin (August 22, 1996).
1437:. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press.
1617:. Friends & Partners. May 12, 1997. Archived from
625:
previous battle for Grozny that ended in February 1995
1452:
Orlov, Oleg Petrovich; Cherkasov, Aleksandr (1997).
1206:
972:. New York: New York University Press. p. 331.
947:
Mars Unmasked: The Changing Face of Urban Operations
825:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
2741:
2705:
2698:
2463:
2405:
2398:
2273:
2196:
2189:
2122:
2026:
1934:
1821:
1765:
1553:"The Russian Federation: Human Rights Developments"
1430:
1370:
1230:
1377:. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.
1254:
1176:
2438:United Vilayat of Kabarda, Balkaria and Karachay
1475:. "Memorial" Human Rights Center. Archived from
1278:
1493:"Prosecutor details accusations against Zakaev"
1148:
1119:
1063:
1051:
741:was the only survivor of a group of 30 Chechen
25:
1499:. Hellenic Resources Network. November 5, 2002
1266:
1160:
1705:
763:On August 7, a large armored column from the
417:
119:De facto independence of the Chechen Republic
8:
765:205th "Cossack" Separate Motor Rifle Brigade
1429:Knezys, Stasys; Sedlickas, Romanas (1999).
1080:
922:
2702:
2402:
2193:
1712:
1698:
1690:
1677:Allah's Mountains: The Battle for Chechnya
1574:"Risky Walk in Rebel-Held Chechen Capital"
1456:. Moscow: "Memorial" Human Rights Center.
1031:. New York University Press. p. 335.
831:, an agreement that marked the end of the
424:
410:
402:
22:
1611:"Yeltsin, Maskhadov sign peace agreement"
1350:"Civilians flee besieged Chechen capital"
995:
993:
991:
989:
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
2013:Domodedovo International Airport bombing
1942:1995 Budyonnovsk hospital hostage crisis
1025:Gall, Carlotta; de Waal, Thomas (1998).
966:Gall, Carlotta; de Waal, Thomas (1998).
396:Estimated 2,000 or more civilians killed
2870:
2797:
1392:Felgenhauer, Pavel (March–April 2000).
1242:
1107:
1002:, Anthony Jones, April 20, 2007, p. 148
902:
1535:. CNN. August 11, 1996. Archived from
1352:. CNN. August 11, 1996. Archived from
1219:"Residents flee", CNN, August 11, 1996
1137:"Civilians flee", CNN, August 11, 1996
1095:
961:
959:
957:
804:about 220,000 refugees fled the city.
706:), along with the headquarters of the
638:. Chechen fighters then beat back the
350:Initially 877 (3,000-7,000 afterwards)
1515:. CNN. August 7, 1996. Archived from
1412:. CNN. August 9, 1996. Archived from
702:and the militarised Severny Airport (
7:
1572:Specter, Michael (August 14, 1996).
1513:"Rebel attack on Grozny intensifies"
1332:. CNN. July 22, 1996. Archived from
670:and pro-Moscow Chechen policemen of
456:Destruction of the Chechen Air Force
2018:2017 Saint Petersburg Metro bombing
1587:"Lebed calls off assault on Grozny"
1295:Bennett, Vanora (August 22, 1996).
18:Battle during the First Chechen War
1978:2002 Moscow theater hostage crisis
1013:Горячий август 1996 г. в Грозном.
14:
2733:Islamic State – Caucasus Province
1661:MR 1289, Rand, Santa Monica, CA,
1394:"Russia's Forces Unreconstructed"
1322:Non-State Threats and Future Wars
892:Battle of Grozny (disambiguation)
3065:Battles of the First Chechen War
2044:Battle of Grozny (November 1994)
1829:1999 Russian bombing of Chechnya
1756:Insurgency in the North Caucasus
1670:Chapter 2: "Grozny I: 1994–1995"
317:
305:
293:
281:
269:
257:
239:
227:
215:
196:
184:
162:
150:
137:
3070:Grozny in the First Chechen War
2049:Censorship of Chechnya coverage
1968:1999 Russian apartment bombings
771:had captured a large supply of
3115:Russian war crimes in Chechnya
1998:2004 Russian aircraft bombings
1803:Battle of Grozny (August 1996)
1788:1995 Shali cluster bomb attack
1653:University of Southern Denmark
1177:Orlov, Cherkasov & Sokolov
603:of August 1996, also known as
26:Battle of Grozny (August 1996)
1:
2723:Islamic International Brigade
2248:Main Intelligence Directorate
1947:1996 Black Sea hostage crisis
1874:Counter-insurgency operations
1369:Evangelista, Matthew (2002).
1255:van der Laan & Gedye 1996
3090:August 1996 events in Russia
2413:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
2221:Ministry of Internal Affairs
2131:Polina Zherebtsova's Journal
1834:Battle of Grozny (1999–2000)
1813:Russia–Chechnya Peace Treaty
1783:Battle of Grozny (1994–1995)
850:Russian–Chechen Peace Treaty
623:had conquered the city in a
554:Kizlyar–Pervomayskoye crisis
169:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
3105:Hospital bombings in Europe
3100:Building bombings in Russia
2455:Islamic Djamaat of Dagestan
1963:1996 Kizlyar hostage crisis
1064:Knezys & Sedlickas 1999
1052:Knezys & Sedlickas 1999
646:that effectively ended the
3131:
3075:Battles involving Chechnya
2145:The 3 Rooms of Melancholia
2008:2010 Moscow Metro bombings
1559:. Human Rights Watch. 1997
1161:Orlov & Cherkasov 1997
944:J.A.Edwards, Sean (2000).
631:(MVD) troops in the city.
2253:Special Forces (Spetsnaz)
1993:2004 Moscow Metro bombing
1988:2002 Grozny truck bombing
1854:2002 Khankala Mi-26 crash
1727:
1675:Smith, Sebastian (2001).
1000:"Urban Guerrilla Warfare"
880:the Nazi invasion in 1941
443:
395:
354:
332:
174:
129:
38:
30:
2243:Federal Security Service
2003:2004 Beslan school siege
1849:2000 Zhani-Vedeno ambush
1750:Insurgency in Ingushetia
1721:Chechen–Russian conflict
1684:The Conflict in Chechnya
1207:RFE/RL, November 5, 2002
629:Ministry of the Interior
619:in a surprise raid. The
3080:Sieges involving Russia
2083:International response
1844:Battle of Komsomolskoye
1649:The Battle(s) of Grozny
1404:(4). Boston University.
1320:Bunker, Robert (2003).
1231:Human Rights Watch 1997
1015:Prague Watchdog (2006).
854:incursion into Dagestan
785:International Red Cross
382:4 helicopters destroyed
3110:1996 building bombings
1973:1999 Tukhchar massacre
175:Commanders and leaders
2522:Abdul-Halim Sadulayev
2494:Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev
2039:Anti-Russian violence
1839:Battle for Height 776
1657:Oliker, Olga (2001).
1324:. London: Frank Cass.
869:indiscriminate attack
674:'s government out of
640:Russian Ground Forces
636:pockets of resistance
609:Operation Zero Option
494:Shali cluster bombing
388:At least 2,500 killed
355:Casualties and losses
203:Vyacheslav Ovchinikov
191:Konstantin Pulikovsky
105:Total Chechen victory
2597:Turpal-Ali Atgeriyev
2258:Republic of Chechnya
2099:Politics of Chechnya
2054:Crimes and terrorism
1983:2003 Tushino bombing
1869:2005 raid on Nalchik
1773:Battle of Dolinskoye
1621:on November 17, 2015
1597:on November 20, 2002
1479:on December 15, 2016
1279:RFE/RL, May 12, 1997
871:was not approved by
773:RPO rocket launchers
739:Said-Magomed Kakiyev
693:infiltration tactics
234:Said-Magomed Kakiyev
2356:Dzhabrail Yamadayev
1864:2004 raid on Grozny
1591:The Daily Telegraph
1433:The War in Chechnya
1149:CNN, August 7, 1996
1120:CNN, August 9, 1996
156:Loyalist opposition
79: /
2988:Abu Hafs al-Urduni
2758:Magomed Suleimanov
2658:Rasul Makasharipov
2443:Vilayat Cherkessia
2433:Vilayat Nokhchicho
2281:Russian Federation
2204:Russian Federation
2173:Ant in a Glass Jar
2092:Second Chechen War
2034:Chechen Revolution
1822:Second Chechen War
1778:Battle of Khankala
1744:Second Chechen War
1641:Dilegge, David P.
1578:The New York Times
1267:CNN, July 22, 1996
858:Second Chechen War
829:Khasav-Yurt Accord
801:Human Rights Watch
621:Russian Federation
511:Budyonnovsk crisis
370:18 tanks destroyed
112:Khasav-Yurt Accord
3055:Conflicts in 1996
3042:
3041:
3038:
3037:
2946:Arthur Getagazhev
2831:Supyan Abdullayev
2772:Aliaskhab Kebekov
2728:Riyad-us Saliheen
2694:
2693:
2672:Ilyas Gorchkhanov
2428:Vilayat Galgayche
2394:
2393:
2087:First Chechen War
1808:Khasavyurt Accord
1793:Samashki massacre
1766:First Chechen War
1732:First Chechen War
1557:World Report 1997
1463:978-5-88255-022-5
1416:on March 22, 2003
1301:Los Angeles Times
979:978-0-8147-2963-2
865:Pavel Felgenhauer
833:First Chechen War
648:First Chechen War
594:
593:
537:Samashki massacre
435:First Chechen War
400:
399:
125:
124:
46:August 6–20, 1996
33:First Chechen War
3122:
3030:Zalim Shebzukhov
3026:
3012:
2998:
2984:
2970:
2956:
2942:
2932:Asker Dzhappuyev
2928:
2918:Rustam Asildarov
2914:
2900:
2886:
2872:
2860:
2845:Aslan Byutukayev
2841:
2827:
2813:
2799:
2791:Aslambek Vadalov
2782:
2768:
2754:
2713:Caucasus Emirate
2703:
2686:Rappani Khalilov
2682:
2668:
2654:
2640:
2626:
2607:
2593:
2574:
2560:
2546:
2532:
2518:
2504:
2490:
2480:Dzhokhar Dudayev
2476:
2423:Vilayat Dagestan
2403:
2380:
2370:Ruslan Yamadayev
2366:
2352:
2328:
2194:
2114:Chechen genocide
1859:2004 Nazran raid
1714:
1707:
1700:
1691:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1593:. Archived from
1581:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1539:on June 18, 2002
1528:
1526:
1524:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1467:
1448:
1436:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1405:
1388:
1376:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1325:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1303:. Archived from
1282:
1276:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1195:
1189:
1186:
1180:
1174:
1168:
1158:
1152:
1146:
1140:
1134:
1123:
1117:
1111:
1105:
1099:
1093:
1084:
1081:Felgenhauer 2000
1078:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1022:
1016:
1009:
1003:
997:
984:
983:
963:
952:
951:
941:
926:
923:Evangelista 2002
920:
814:Ramzan Khadzhiev
783:The head of the
661:Chechen Republic
601:Battle of Grozny
582:
559:Black Sea crisis
533:
507:
468:
438:
436:
426:
419:
412:
403:
364:Up to 500 killed
338:Initially 12,000
322:
321:
320:
310:
309:
308:
298:
297:
296:
286:
285:
284:
274:
273:
272:
262:
261:
260:
244:
243:
242:
232:
231:
230:
220:
219:
218:
211:
201:
200:
199:
189:
188:
187:
167:
166:
155:
154:
153:
142:
141:
140:
94:
93:
91:
90:
89:
84:
80:
77:
76:
75:
72:
40:
39:
23:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3119:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3034:
3022:
3008:
2994:
2980:
2966:
2952:
2938:
2924:
2910:
2904:Magomed Vagabov
2896:
2882:
2876:Tarkhan Gaziyev
2864:Khuseyn Gakayev
2856:
2837:
2823:
2817:Anzor Astemirov
2809:
2778:
2764:
2750:
2737:
2690:
2678:
2664:
2650:
2636:
2622:
2603:
2589:
2570:
2556:
2542:
2528:
2514:
2508:Aslan Maskhadov
2500:
2486:
2472:
2459:
2448:Vilayat Iriston
2418:Caucasian Front
2390:
2384:Sulim Yamadayev
2376:
2362:
2348:
2324:
2311:Gennady Troshev
2301:Alexander Lebed
2291:Dmitry Medvedev
2269:
2236:Internal Troops
2185:
2166:Angel of Grozny
2152:The Pathologies
2123:Wars in culture
2118:
2079:Aircraft losses
2064:Suicide attacks
2022:
1930:
1879:Guerrilla phase
1817:
1761:
1738:War in Dagestan
1723:
1718:
1638:
1636:Further reading
1633:
1624:
1622:
1615:RFE/RL Newsline
1609:
1600:
1598:
1584:
1571:
1562:
1560:
1551:
1542:
1540:
1531:
1522:
1520:
1511:
1502:
1500:
1497:RFE/RL Newsline
1491:
1482:
1480:
1470:
1464:
1451:
1445:
1428:
1419:
1417:
1408:
1391:
1385:
1368:
1359:
1357:
1348:
1339:
1337:
1328:
1319:
1310:
1308:
1307:on May 31, 2012
1294:
1290:
1285:
1277:
1273:
1265:
1261:
1253:
1249:
1241:
1237:
1229:
1225:
1217:
1213:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1183:
1175:
1171:
1159:
1155:
1147:
1143:
1135:
1126:
1118:
1114:
1106:
1102:
1094:
1087:
1079:
1070:
1062:
1058:
1050:
1046:
1039:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1010:
1006:
998:
987:
980:
965:
964:
955:
943:
942:
929:
921:
904:
900:
888:
841:
818:Alexander Lebed
689:Aslan Maskhadov
684:
668:Internal Troops
656:
605:Operation Jihad
597:
596:
595:
590:
576:
574:Nalchik bombing
523:
501:
458:
446:Pre-war battles
439:
434:
432:
430:
387:
383:
381:
371:
369:
367:
365:
363:
339:
328:
318:
316:
306:
304:
294:
292:
282:
280:
270:
268:
264:Aslan Maskhadov
258:
256:
250:
240:
238:
228:
226:
216:
214:
205:
197:
195:
185:
183:
161:
151:
149:
138:
136:
108:
87:
85:
83:43.31°N 45.69°E
81:
78:
73:
70:
68:
66:
65:
64:
47:
19:
12:
11:
5:
3128:
3126:
3118:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3060:1996 in Russia
3057:
3047:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3018:
3004:
2990:
2976:
2962:
2960:Ibn al-Khattab
2948:
2934:
2920:
2906:
2892:
2890:Said Buryatsky
2878:
2866:
2852:
2850:Movladi Udugov
2847:
2833:
2819:
2805:
2793:
2788:
2774:
2760:
2745:
2743:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2709:
2707:
2700:
2696:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2674:
2660:
2646:
2632:
2630:Movsar Barayev
2618:
2616:Ilyas Akhmadov
2613:
2599:
2585:
2583:Akhmed Zakayev
2580:
2578:Salman Raduyev
2566:
2552:
2550:Shamil Basayev
2538:
2536:Ruslan Gelayev
2524:
2510:
2496:
2482:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2452:
2451:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2415:
2409:
2407:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2372:
2358:
2344:
2342:Ramzan Kadyrov
2339:
2334:
2332:Akhmad Kadyrov
2315:
2314:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2296:Vladimir Putin
2293:
2288:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2239:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2200:
2198:
2191:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2176:
2169:
2162:
2155:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2069:Assassinations
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2030:
2028:
2027:Related topics
2024:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1944:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1753:
1747:
1741:
1735:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1709:
1702:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1680:
1673:
1672:pp. 30–32
1655:
1645:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1607:
1582:
1569:
1549:
1529:
1519:on May 3, 2008
1509:
1489:
1468:
1462:
1449:
1443:
1426:
1406:
1389:
1383:
1366:
1356:on May 3, 2008
1346:
1336:on May 4, 2008
1326:
1317:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1271:
1259:
1247:
1235:
1223:
1211:
1199:
1190:
1181:
1169:
1153:
1141:
1124:
1112:
1100:
1098:, p. 177.
1085:
1068:
1066:, p. 288.
1056:
1054:, p. 294.
1044:
1037:
1017:
1004:
985:
978:
953:
927:
901:
899:
896:
895:
894:
887:
884:
840:
837:
789:European Union
769:Akhmed Zakayev
751:Ruslan Gelayev
704:Grozny Airport
683:
680:
655:
652:
650:of 1994–1996.
592:
591:
589:
588:
583:
571:
566:
561:
556:
545:
544:
539:
534:
518:
513:
508:
499:Aksai incident
496:
491:
486:
481:
470:
469:
453:
444:
441:
440:
431:
429:
428:
421:
414:
406:
398:
397:
393:
392:
389:
385:Chechen claim:
361:Russian claim:
357:
356:
352:
351:
348:
335:
334:
330:
329:
327:
326:
324:Ibn al-Khattab
314:
312:Akhmed Zakayev
302:
290:
288:Ruslan Gelayev
278:
276:Shamil Basayev
266:
253:
251:
249:
248:
236:
224:
212:
193:
180:
177:
176:
172:
171:
159:
158:
157:
132:
131:
127:
126:
123:
122:
121:
120:
117:
114:
107:
106:
102:
100:
96:
95:
56:
54:
50:
49:
48:(2 weeks)
44:
36:
35:
28:
27:
21:
20:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3127:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3085:Urban warfare
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3031:
3027:
3025:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3011:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2997:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2983:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2969:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2955:
2949:
2947:
2943:
2941:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2927:
2921:
2919:
2915:
2913:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2899:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2885:
2879:
2877:
2873:
2867:
2865:
2861:
2859:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2840:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2826:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2812:
2806:
2804:
2800:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2781:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2767:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2740:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2701:
2697:
2687:
2683:
2681:
2675:
2673:
2669:
2667:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2653:
2647:
2645:
2644:Muslim Atayev
2641:
2639:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2625:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2611:Vakha Arsanov
2608:
2606:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2592:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2573:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2559:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2545:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2531:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2517:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2503:
2497:
2495:
2491:
2489:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2456:
2453:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2404:
2401:
2397:
2385:
2381:
2379:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2365:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2351:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2306:Pavel Grachev
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2286:Boris Yeltsin
2284:
2283:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2215:
2214:Ground Forces
2212:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2195:
2192:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2109:Kavkaz Center
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1957:
1955:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1935:Major attacks
1933:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1798:Shatoy ambush
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1722:
1715:
1710:
1708:
1703:
1701:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1685:
1682:Youngs, Tim.
1681:
1678:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1667:0-8330-2998-3
1664:
1660:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1465:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1446:
1444:9780890968567
1440:
1435:
1434:
1427:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1386:
1384:0-8157-2498-5
1380:
1375:
1374:
1367:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1292:
1287:
1280:
1275:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1200:
1194:
1191:
1185:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1045:
1040:
1038:9780814729632
1034:
1030:
1029:
1021:
1018:
1014:
1008:
1005:
1001:
996:
994:
992:
990:
986:
981:
975:
971:
970:
962:
960:
958:
954:
950:. p. 31.
949:
948:
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
928:
925:, p. 44.
924:
919:
917:
915:
913:
911:
909:
907:
903:
897:
893:
890:
889:
885:
883:
881:
876:
874:
870:
866:
861:
859:
855:
851:
847:
838:
836:
834:
830:
826:
821:
819:
815:
811:
805:
802:
796:
794:
793:Boris Yeltsin
790:
786:
781:
777:
774:
770:
766:
761:
759:
754:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
731:
727:
725:
721:
716:
713:
709:
705:
701:
696:
694:
690:
681:
679:
677:
673:
672:Doku Zavgayev
669:
664:
662:
653:
651:
649:
645:
641:
637:
632:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
587:
584:
580:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
551:
550:
549:
543:
540:
538:
535:
531:
527:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
505:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
476:
475:
474:
466:
462:
457:
454:
452:
449:
448:
447:
442:
437:
427:
422:
420:
415:
413:
408:
407:
404:
394:
390:
386:
379:
375:
366:1,407 wounded
362:
359:
358:
353:
349:
347:
343:
337:
336:
331:
325:
315:
313:
303:
301:
291:
289:
279:
277:
267:
265:
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1625:September 2,
1623:. Retrieved
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1563:September 2,
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130:Belligerents
88:43.31; 45.69
15:
2399:Separatists
2263:Kadyrovites
2190:Federalists
2059:Mass graves
1758:(2009–2017)
1752:(2007–2015)
1746:(1999–2009)
1734:(1994–1996)
1096:Bunker 2003
873:the Kremlin
846:reparations
812:journalist
615:'s capital
577: [
524: [
502: [
459: [
368:182 missing
300:Doku Umarov
206: [
86: /
3049:Categories
2803:Ali Taziev
2718:Mujahideen
2706:Combatants
2699:Mujahideen
2406:Combatants
2197:Combatants
2180:The Search
2074:Casualties
1679:pp 240–256
898:References
758:Mujahideen
654:Background
586:4th Grozny
564:3rd Grozny
489:2nd Grozny
479:Dolinskoye
451:1st Grozny
2159:Alexandra
1956:hijacking
1165:Chapter 7
1011:Лукин О.
863:In 2000,
839:Aftermath
691:employed
644:ceasefire
473:1994–1995
380:destroyed
3002:Muhannad
2318:Chechnya
1028:Chechnya
969:Chechnya
886:See also
735:Memorial
724:Interfax
720:blokpost
700:Khankala
613:Chechnya
542:Gudermes
484:Khankala
333:Strength
62:Chechnya
53:Location
31:Part of
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2868: (
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2780:†
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2742:Leaders
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2464:Leaders
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1954:Avrasya
1288:Sources
391:Unknown
74:45°41′E
71:43°19′N
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1740:(1999)
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687:staff
682:Battle
676:Grozny
617:Grozny
569:Shatoy
521:Vedeno
144:Russia
99:Result
58:Grozny
581:]
532:]
516:Bamut
506:]
467:]
210:]
2231:ODON
2226:OMON
1924:2008
1919:2007
1914:2006
1909:2005
1904:2004
1899:2003
1894:2002
1889:2001
1884:2000
1663:ISBN
1627:2013
1603:2013
1565:2013
1545:2013
1525:2013
1505:2013
1485:2013
1458:ISBN
1439:ISBN
1422:2013
1379:ISBN
1362:2013
1342:2013
1313:2013
1033:ISBN
974:ISBN
749:and
743:OMON
710:and
599:The
548:1996
378:APCs
374:IFVs
346:APCs
342:IFVs
340:200
43:Date
2871:POW
2798:POW
2138:War
1952:MV
882:."
810:ORT
712:GRU
708:FSB
607:or
372:69
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