1531:
1135:
1487:
1324:
50:
1345:
1373:
1415:
1359:
1331:
1429:
1401:
1387:
1522:. The Imperial infantry surrendered, some 4,450 men being taken prisoner, including Hatzfeldt, with another 4,000 killed or wounded. From the 36 regiments that fought at Jankau, only 2,697 men were present in Prague a week later, with another 2,000 left scattered in Moravia. Swedish losses totalled between 3,000 to 4,000 killed or wounded.
1503:
moved his entire force towards the hill; it became stuck in the woods and broken ground, giving the Swedes time to install artillery and infantry at the crest. After a furious argument, Götzen launched a series of attacks, which were repulsed with heavy loss; just after 9:15 am, he was killed, and his troops withdrew.
1517:
However, Hatzfeldt felt the Swedes were too close for him to retreat in safety, and opted to hold his position until nightfall. Seeing this, Torstensson moved his guns forward, firing at close range into the helpless
Imperial infantry. Werth charged and scattered the Swedish right, before his cavalry
1502:
feinted against the
Imperial right, while their main force moved around their left. After ordering Götzen to post a detachment on Chapel Hill, Hatzfeldt set off to assess Douglas' move, which he correctly deduced was a diversion. On his return, he discovered Götzen had misinterpreted his orders, and
1295:
proposed a three-part offensive, intended to compel
Ferdinand III to agree terms. It envisaged three simultaneous attacks, in order to prevent Imperial forces supporting each other. While France attacked Bavaria, Torstensson would lead his army into Bohemia; they would be joined here by Rákóczi, and
1482:
Hatzfeldt selected a strong position; the hills and woods negated the superior
Swedish artillery, his centre was protected by a stream, the right by a steep slope and deep forest. His left was the most vulnerable, with open ground directly to its front, overlooked by a hill to the south, known as
1546:, had managed to assemble another army of some 15,000 men. Although it could not match the Swedish veterans, 25 years of constant war had devastated the countryside, forcing all sides to spend more time foraging than fighting, and drastically reducing their ability to sustain campaigns.
1557:, a French Protestant exile. He was joined there by thousands of poorly equipped Transylvanian levies, whose presence simply worsened the supply issues, the besiegers ultimately losing over 8,000 men from disease, hunger, and desertion. With the opening of the
1483:'Kappellhodjen' or Chapel Hill. In a conference the night before, Torstensson and his senior officers recognised the drawbacks, but agreed to an assault; their co-ordinated attack contrasted with command failures among the Imperial generals.
1260:, who succeeded his father in 1637, initiated peace talks in 1643, then delayed negotiations, hoping his position would improve after a planned 1644 military offensive. However, the Swedes first defeated the Danes, who had re-entered
1121:
made it clear neither side had the strength to impose a military solution. Although fighting continued as participants tried to improve their positions, it increased the urgency of negotiations which culminated in the 1648
1300:. While roughly equal in numbers, the Swedish army in Bohemia was far better integrated, and despite poor health, Torstensson was an energetic and experienced general, with capable officers. Although his opponent
1518:
stopped to loot the baggage train, where they captured
Torstensson's wife. The Swedish cavalry reformed and counter-attacked, inflicting heavy casualties, with only 1,500 of the 5,000 Bavarians making it back to
1583:
However, Ferdinand could not also support his allies in
Bavaria and Saxony. While the French campaign in Bavaria ended in stalemate, Torstensson's three part strategy finally proved its worth when
216:
1591:
agreed a six-month truce in
September 1645. Accepting a military solution was no longer possible, Ferdinand instructed his representatives at Westphalia to begin serious negotiations.
1110:. However, the devastation caused by decades of conflict meant armies now spent much of their time obtaining supplies, and the Swedes were unable to take advantage of their victory.
1576:
encouraged
Torstensson to make one last attempt on Vienna, but by October, fewer than 10,000 Swedes faced 20,000 Imperialists. He retreated into Saxony, and relinquished command to
1506:
Hatzfeldt moved troops from the centre to cover the retreat of Götzen's men, but unlike the lighter
Swedish guns, their artillery got stuck in the mud, and was captured by
1991:
1463:. On 18 February, the Swedes passed 18 kilometres (11 mi) to the west, and the two sides spent the next three weeks tracking each other along either side of the
462:
209:
1238:
in
November 1632, but their objectives conflicted with both Imperial states like Saxony, and their regional rivals, such as Denmark. Most of Sweden's Protestant
2001:
1498:
The battle consisted of two parts, the first from dawn to midday, the second from early afternoon until nightfall. Around 6:00 am, a Swedish column under
1312:. In addition, many of his troops were poorly equipped remnants from defeated armies, his best unit being 5,000 veteran Bavarian cavalry under von Werth.
202:
1323:
1228:
1510:. Cavalry charges led by Werth kept the Swedes at a safe distance, and the two armies broke contact just before midday. Having cleared the road to
1530:
1051:
127:
1442:
1573:
1543:
1246:. As a result, the war lost much of its religious nature, and became into a contest between the Empire and Sweden, who was supported by
314:
2016:
1952:
1940:
1921:
1898:
1879:
1849:
1499:
914:
131:
926:
1996:
1257:
1014:
1584:
1588:
1468:
1181:
1169:
1514:, Torstensson decided to allow the Imperial army to withdraw, hoping to re-organise his exhausted troops prior to setting off.
1134:
698:
476:
989:
334:
875:
578:
1162:
890:
1554:
1476:
1084:
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810:
765:
491:
453:
75:
1606:
1220:
1154:
583:
561:
1558:
49:
2006:
1235:
999:
974:
541:
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402:
339:
1029:
790:
571:
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443:
428:
902:
380:
1185:
1034:
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653:
566:
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471:
344:
276:
815:
678:
614:
271:
2011:
994:
958:
936:
931:
909:
713:
609:
438:
423:
281:
1446:
Bohemia and Moravia, 1645 campaign; lines of march usually followed rivers, essential for carrying supplies
805:
683:
1301:
1243:
1107:
1019:
870:
825:
780:
708:
636:
299:
136:
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1024:
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319:
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1305:
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1146:
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865:
830:
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648:
375:
354:
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266:
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151:
41:
1486:
1475:
on 4 March, where he made contact with Swedish cavalry. On 5 March, he withdrew to the hills around
643:
624:
1577:
1292:
1212:
1189:
1139:
1123:
1103:
1009:
984:
855:
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329:
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119:
1265:
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390:
1936:
1917:
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1875:
1845:
1277:
1247:
1173:
1096:
730:
496:
481:
448:
324:
256:
107:
1507:
1491:
1309:
1239:
921:
820:
795:
785:
725:
486:
433:
261:
155:
147:
123:
1833:
The Later Thirty Years War : From the Battle of Wittstock to the Treaty of Westphalia
1269:
1177:
979:
755:
703:
604:
251:
242:
140:
1451:
In late January, Torstensson took advantage of the frozen ground to enter Bohemia, near
1562:
1261:
1216:
1200:
1193:
1113:
Imperial forces regained control of Bohemia in 1646, but inconclusive campaigns in the
1092:
941:
501:
79:
1985:
1910:
1580:
on 23 December; by February 1646, the Swedes had been totally expelled from Bohemia.
1550:
1535:
1607:
https://popularhistoria.se/krig/befalhavare/slaget-vid-jankov-vande-30-ariga-kriget
1273:
1869:
17:
1842:
Surrender in the Thirty Years War in How Fighting Ends: A History of Surrender
1150:
1967:
1954:
194:
1304:
was a competent tactical leader, he was unable to control his subordinates,
1285:
1281:
1227:, partly to support his Protestant co-religionists, but also to control the
1224:
1114:
1569:, forcing the Transylvanians to make peace, and lifting the siege of Brno.
1459:; unsure of Swedish intentions, von Hatzfeldt held his position to protect
1861:
Atlas of Southeast Europe: Geopolitics and History; Volume One: 1521-1699
1472:
1467:
river. In early March, a sudden freeze allowed Torstensson to cross near
1456:
1452:
1166:
1207:
changed the nature of the war, drawing in Protestant German states like
1511:
1080:
1565:
withdrew their support from Rákóczi; in return, Ferdinand renewed the
1519:
1464:
1460:
1297:
1296:
their combined force would then move against the Imperial capital,
1529:
1485:
1133:
1840:
Höbelt, Lothar (2012). Afflerbach, Holger; Strachan, Hew (eds.).
1859:
Hötte, Hans; Mihalik, Béla Vilmos (1867). Heywood, Colin (ed.).
1264:, then destroyed an Imperial army in Saxony. Despite victory at
1234:
Swedish intervention continued despite the death of Gustavus at
368:
Transylvanian invasions of Hungary (1619–1621, 1623–1624, 1626)
198:
1542:
Hearing of the defeat, by early May Ferdinand and his brother
1871:
Venice, Austria, and the Turks in the Seventeenth Century
1455:. The Imperial army had established winter quarters near
1775:
1773:
1688:
1686:
1587:
advanced into Saxony. Without hope of reinforcement,
1494:, whose charges nearly succeeded in preventing defeat
1106:
effectively destroyed their opponents, commanded by
1087:. One of the last major battles of the 1618 to 1648
1933:
Europe's Tragedy: A History of the Thirty Years War
1549:Lack of options meant Torstensson instead attacked
1199:Frederick's replacement by Maximilian as ruler and
1909:
189:4,573 captured & all artillery pieces captured
1242:made peace with Emperor Ferdinand II in the 1635
1553:, which had an Imperial garrison of 1,500 under
34:
210:
8:
1791:
1102:The more mobile and better led Swedes under
1099:armies, each containing around 16,000 men.
1916:(2005 ed.). New York Review of Books.
1083:on 6 March 1645, near modern Czech town of
1617:
1272:could not prevent French troops capturing
1231:, which provided much of Sweden's income.
238:
217:
203:
195:
31:
1629:
1479:, and prepared for battle the next day.
1992:Battles involving the Holy Roman Empire
1893:(2014 ed.). Wadsworth Publishing.
1740:
1728:
1716:
1704:
1692:
1677:
1599:
1192:, and sent Frederick into exile in the
966:
591:
461:
410:
367:
289:
241:
141:
1815:
1803:
1779:
1764:
1752:
1665:
1653:
1641:
1252:George Rákóczi, Prince of Transylvania
1538:in 1645 forced Torstensson to retreat
7:
1180:was quickly suppressed. Financed by
27:1645 battle of the Thirty Years' War
1344:
1874:. American Philosophical Society.
1284:, establishing winter quarters at
1215:, as well as external powers like
25:
1534:The failed Swedish-Transylvanian
592:Swedish-French Period (1635–1648)
2002:Battles of the Thirty Years' War
1427:
1413:
1399:
1385:
1372:
1371:
1357:
1343:
1329:
1322:
463:Swedish intervention (1630–1635)
48:
1471:. Hatzfeldt followed, reaching
1414:
1268:in August, the Bavarians under
411:Danish intervention (1625–1629)
291:Palatinate campaign (1620–1623)
1868:Setton, Kenneth Meyer (1991).
1574:Danish war in favour of Sweden
1358:
1330:
54:Copper engraving of the battle
1:
1428:
1400:
1163:Frederick V of the Palatinate
184:3,000–4,000 killed or wounded
1889:Spielvogel, Jackson (2006).
1386:
1291:For 1645, Swedish commander
1831:Guthrie, William P (2003).
1262:the war as an Imperial ally
1221:Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
1165:, rather than conservative
243:Bohemian Revolt (1618–1620)
2033:
1176:remained neutral, and the
2017:Battles involving Bohemia
1490:Bavarian cavalry general
1047:
236:
178:
165:
113:
98:
58:
47:
39:
1997:Battles involving Sweden
1792:Hötte & Mihalik 1867
1091:, it was fought between
1079:, took place in central
1863:(2016 ed.). Brill.
1559:1645 to 1669 Cretan War
1149:began in 1618 when the
187:4,000 killed or wounded
1931:Wilson, Peter (2009).
1539:
1495:
1302:Melchior von Hatzfeldt
1280:. Mercy withdrew into
1172:. Most members of the
1142:
1108:Melchior von Hatzfeldt
114:Commanders and leaders
1908:Wedgwood, CV (1938).
1533:
1489:
1258:Emperor Ferdinand III
1182:Maximilian of Bavaria
1161:to fellow Protestant
1137:
179:Casualties and losses
128:Mortaigne de Potelles
1912:The Thirty Years War
1891:Western Civilization
1567:Peace of Zsitvatorok
1443:class=notpageimage|
1170:Emperor Ferdinand II
434:Lutter am Barenberge
1968:49.6503°N 14.7294°E
1964: /
1755:, pp. 693–695.
1743:, pp. 138–139.
1731:, pp. 135–137.
1668:, pp. 682–683.
1632:, pp. 385–386.
1589:Elector John George
1293:Lennart Torstensson
1213:Brandenburg-Prussia
1190:Palatinate campaign
1140:Lennart Torstensson
1124:Peace of Westphalia
1104:Lennart Torstensson
120:Lennart Torstensson
1540:
1496:
1143:
1138:Swedish commander
2007:Conflicts in 1645
1644:, pp. 80–81.
1306:Johann von Götzen
1184:, an army of the
1174:Holy Roman Empire
1147:Thirty Years' War
1089:Thirty Years' War
1060:
1059:
1042:
1041:
584:Strasbourg Bridge
228:Thirty Years' War
193:
192:
108:Holy Roman Empire
94:
93:
42:Thirty Years' War
16:(Redirected from
2024:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1973:49.6503; 14.7294
1969:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1957:
1946:
1927:
1915:
1904:
1885:
1864:
1855:
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1544:Archduke Leopold
1508:Arvid Wittenberg
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1403:
1402:
1389:
1388:
1375:
1374:
1361:
1360:
1347:
1346:
1333:
1332:
1326:
1310:Johann von Werth
1276:, and occupying
1244:Treaty of Prague
1155:Bohemian Estates
1067:, also known as
1065:Battle of Jankau
1020:2nd Saint Martin
1015:Cape St. Vincent
990:1st Saint Martin
955:
918:
906:
894:
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575:
454:'s-Hertogenbosch
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143:
124:Arvid Wittenberg
60:
59:
52:
35:Battle of Jankau
32:
21:
18:Battle of Jankov
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2031:
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2023:
2022:
2021:
1982:
1981:
1972:
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1966:
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1636:
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1624:
1618:Spielvogel 2006
1616:
1612:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1572:The end of the
1528:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1437:
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1354:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1318:
1270:Franz von Mercy
1186:Catholic League
1178:Bohemian Revolt
1132:
1061:
1056:
1055:
1043:
1030:Colberger Heide
949:
912:
900:
888:
811:2nd Breitenfeld
716:
689:2nd Rheinfelden
634:
622:
569:
562:1st Rheinfelden
492:1st Breitenfeld
472:Swedish landing
403:Vlach uprisings
388:
232:
227:
225:
223:
188:
174:16,000, 26 guns
171:16,000, 60 guns
156:
150:
146:
130:
126:
122:
90:Swedish victory
82:
53:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2030:
2028:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2012:1645 in Europe
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1984:
1983:
1948:
1947:
1942:978-0713995923
1941:
1935:. Allen Lane.
1928:
1923:978-1590171462
1922:
1905:
1900:978-1285436401
1899:
1886:
1881:978-0871691927
1880:
1865:
1856:
1851:978-0199693627
1850:
1837:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1818:, p. 716.
1808:
1806:, p. 704.
1796:
1784:
1782:, p. 697.
1769:
1767:, p. 587.
1757:
1745:
1733:
1721:
1719:, p. 134.
1709:
1707:, p. 129.
1697:
1695:, p. 131.
1682:
1680:, p. 128.
1670:
1658:
1656:, p. 143.
1646:
1634:
1622:
1620:, p. 447.
1610:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1527:
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1500:Robert Douglas
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1405:
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1314:
1217:Denmark-Norway
1201:Prince-elector
1194:Dutch Republic
1131:
1128:
1058:
1057:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1037:
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961:
956:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
907:
895:
883:
878:
876:2nd Nördlingen
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
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813:
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629:
617:
612:
610:Schenkenschans
607:
602:
594:
593:
589:
588:
587:
586:
581:
579:1st Nördlingen
576:
564:
559:
554:
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519:
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335:Bergen op Zoom
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277:White Mountain
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134:
132:Robert Douglas
116:
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100:
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91:
88:
84:
83:
80:Czech Republic
74:
72:
68:
67:
64:
56:
55:
45:
44:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2029:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
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1990:
1989:
1987:
1980:
1977:
1944:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1925:
1919:
1914:
1913:
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1838:
1834:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1817:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1800:
1797:
1794:, p. 12.
1793:
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1630:Wedgwood 1938
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1536:siege of Brno
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1240:German allies
1237:
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1188:launched the
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967:Naval battles
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937:Wevelinghoven
935:
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932:Zusmarshausen
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916:
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910:Hohentübingen
908:
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654:2nd Magdeburg
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615:Ray-sur-Saône
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137:Von Hatzfeldt
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19:
1949:
1932:
1911:
1890:
1870:
1860:
1841:
1832:
1811:
1799:
1787:
1760:
1748:
1741:Guthrie 2003
1736:
1729:Guthrie 2003
1724:
1717:Guthrie 2003
1712:
1705:Guthrie 2003
1700:
1693:Guthrie 2003
1678:Guthrie 2003
1673:
1661:
1649:
1637:
1625:
1613:
1602:
1582:
1571:
1548:
1541:
1516:
1505:
1497:
1481:
1450:
1290:
1274:Philippsburg
1256:
1233:
1229:Baltic trade
1198:
1157:offered the
1144:
1112:
1101:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1062:
1050:
995:Lizard Point
860:
846:Philippsburg
816:2nd Freiberg
791:Wolfenbüttel
736:1st Freiberg
731:2nd Breisach
709:Wittenweiher
699:Fuenterrabía
557:1st Breisach
542:Pfaffenhofen
157:
99:Belligerents
66:6 March 1645
40:Part of the
29:
1971: /
1835:. ABC-CLIO.
1816:Wilson 2009
1804:Wilson 2009
1780:Wilson 2009
1765:Wilson 2009
1753:Wilson 2009
1666:Wilson 2009
1654:Höbelt 2012
1642:Setton 1991
1585:Königsmarck
1469:Staré Sedlo
1351:Staré Sedlo
1219:. In 1630,
1153:-dominated
950: [
913: [
901: [
889: [
871:Mergentheim
806:Schweidnitz
717: [
635: [
623: [
570: [
389: [
355:Frankenthal
320:Mingolsheim
1986:Categories
1959:14°43′46″E
1956:49°39′01″N
1595:References
1555:de Souches
1205:Palatinate
1151:Protestant
1130:Background
1025:Lister Dyb
886:Korneuburg
831:Tuttlingen
801:Honnecourt
751:Thionville
694:Saint Omer
649:Tornavento
522:Alte Veste
507:Maastricht
381:Érsekújvár
340:Heidelberg
267:Wisternitz
152:Von Götzen
1526:Aftermath
1286:Heilbronn
1282:Franconia
1225:Pomerania
1115:Rhineland
1077:Jankowitz
1010:The Downs
985:The Slaak
975:Gibraltar
898:Totenhöhe
881:3rd Hulst
781:La Marfée
669:2nd Breda
664:Wittstock
632:Haselünne
600:Les Avins
537:Oldendorf
512:Nuremberg
482:Magdeburg
477:Frankfurt
444:Stralsund
429:Oldenzaal
360:Stadtlohn
310:Bacharach
305:Oppenheim
148:Von Werth
1563:Ottomans
1453:Chomutov
1379:Chomutov
1278:Lorraine
1266:Freiburg
1223:invaded
1167:Catholic
1097:Imperial
1052:Treaties
866:2nd Brno
851:Jüterbog
841:Freiburg
826:1st Brno
771:Preßnitz
766:Montjuïc
761:Cambrils
741:Chemnitz
567:Liegnitz
552:Konstanz
517:Wiesloch
350:Mannheim
166:Strength
71:Location
1844:. OUP.
1825:Sources
1578:Wrangel
1512:Olomouc
1421:Olomouc
1203:of the
1093:Swedish
1081:Bohemia
1035:Fehmarn
1005:Channel
1000:Dunkirk
836:Kolding
786:Dorsten
679:Leipzig
547:Steinau
497:Bamberg
449:Wolgast
439:Groenlo
398:Hodonín
376:Humenné
345:Fleurus
325:Wimpfen
272:Bautzen
257:Lomnice
158:†
139: (
1939:
1920:
1897:
1878:
1848:
1561:, the
1520:Munich
1477:Jankov
1465:Vltava
1461:Prague
1365:Jankov
1337:Prague
1316:Battle
1308:, and
1298:Vienna
1250:, and
1248:France
1236:Lützen
1209:Saxony
1119:Saxony
1085:Jankov
1073:Jankow
1069:Jankov
959:Prague
947:Dachau
927:Naples
922:Triebl
861:Jankau
856:Bysjön
821:Rocroi
796:Kempen
776:Plauen
756:Salses
746:Melnik
726:Vlotho
620:Dömitz
605:Leuven
532:Lützen
487:Werben
386:Tyrnau
330:Höchst
315:Jülich
262:Sablat
252:Pilsen
154:
104:Sweden
87:Result
76:Jankov
1492:Werth
1473:Tábor
1457:Plzeň
1435:Tábor
1407:Plzeň
1159:Crown
1075:, or
980:Genoa
954:]
917:]
905:]
893:]
721:]
714:Thann
704:Kallo
684:Hanau
674:Venlo
659:Somme
639:]
627:]
574:]
527:Fürth
419:Breda
393:]
1937:ISBN
1918:ISBN
1895:ISBN
1876:ISBN
1846:ISBN
1551:Brno
1393:Brno
1211:and
1145:The
1117:and
1095:and
1063:The
942:Lens
644:Raon
502:Rain
63:Date
142:POW
1988::
1772:^
1685:^
1288:.
1254:.
1196:.
1126:.
1071:,
952:de
915:de
903:de
891:de
719:de
637:de
625:de
572:de
391:de
78:,
1945:.
1926:.
1903:.
1884:.
1854:.
218:e
211:t
204:v
145:)
20:)
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