710:
had only limited vehicles, with each infantry battalion possessing four jeeps with trailers for resupply, while the engineers and artillery had several trucks and tractors. The local population, which might have been employed to carry stores, had abandoned the
Japanese due to Allied propaganda and their services were also unavailable to the Allies at the initial stages of the campaign. As a result, a large amount of stores had to be carried by combat soldiers, who were diverted to the task. Nevertheless, the Australian advance succeeded in capturing the Heldsbach plantation and the nearby airfield. It continued until the Australians came up against strong resistance around the Bumi River. There a force of around 300 Japanese sailors and marines from the 85th Naval Garrison, reinforced by elements of the 238th Infantry Regiment, established themselves in a blocking position. Although they were under orders to conform to the overall Japanese plan of delaying the Australians and then withdrawing towards Sattelberg to carry out a containment operation, the commander of the naval troops resolved to hold the position, and they subsequently held up the Australian advance on 26 September, until they were overcome through an attack on their flanks by the 2/15th Infantry Battalion.
768:, arrived in the area, as the size of the Japanese force facing the Australians increased to 12,000; nevertheless, Katagiri decided to hold off on launching his counterattack until stores and ammunition could be stockpiled in sufficient quantities. Meanwhile, the Australian 24th Infantry Brigade was subsequently given responsibility for defence-in-depth around the Heldsbach Plantation and Arndt Point, while the 20th Infantry Brigade defended around the Sattelberg Road and the Mape River, with the 22nd Infantry Battalion on their southern flank around Dreger Harbour. As troops from the 20th Infantry Brigade attempted to push towards Sattelberg, the 24th began patrol actions towards Bonga; during one of these patrols, the Allies gained a significant intelligence boon when they discovered a Japanese briefcase containing an operational order detailing plans for a coming counterattack; in addition, the Allies intercepted several Japanese radio transmissions, and deduced their intentions based upon reports of troop and ship movements. This allowed the Australians to switch to a defensive strategy instead of continuing to push on towards Sattelberg.
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and air attacks to soften up the
Japanese defences prior to an attack by the 2/13th Infantry Battalion, supported by Vickers machine guns from the 2/15th. From the south, the 22nd Infantry Battalion advanced north against limited opposition. On 1 October, they crossed the Mape River adjacent to Langemak Bay, while the forward troops from the 20th Infantry Brigade, overwhelmed a Japanese force around Kakakog, supported by artillery and air power, killing between 80 and 100 defenders. Following this, the Japanese began withdrawing from Finschhafen and the next day, the 20th Infantry Brigade reached their objective, entering Finschhafen in the afternoon after overcoming limited resistance. The two forces married up the following day as troops from the 2/17th contacted the 22nd.
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re-orientated to defend the approaches to
Scarlet Beach. Around Jivevaneng, 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) east of Sattelberg, the 2/43rd had taken up a blocking position and in the early days of October fought a Japanese attack by a battalion from the 80th Infantry Regiment along the coast road to a halt. In an effort to shore up their western flank, the Australian 2/17th Infantry Battalion pressed towards Kumawa, which was met with a fierce response from the Japanese on 5 October when their line of communication from the west was threatened. The battalion continued to fight around Jivevaneng, and on 10 October they secured a piece of high ground called the "Knoll" by the Australians, who subsequently defeated 12 attacks to take it back.
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Australian brigade commander was compelled to use combat troops to carry stores forward from the landing zone to the forward areas as motor transport was unable to transit the primitive track system. Due to concerns about their western flank, the 2/17th extended the
Australian perimeter towards Jivevaneng, establishing a company there, but it subsequently came under attack on the Sattelberg Road and west of Katika on 25 and 26 September from the Japanese 80th Infantry Regiment, which was trying to break through to the Heldsbach Plantation on the coast. Over the course of several days, the company from the 2/17th around Jivevaneng held off six Japanese attacks until relieved by the 2/43rd Infantry Battalion on 30 September.
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through to Siki Cove, where
Australian anti-aircraft gunners and artillerymen were forced to fire over "open sights" and fight back with small arms, after coming under fire from troops that had gotten under the guns. That night, the Japanese cut the 2/17th Infantry Battalion's supply route, establishing a road block astride the Jivevaneng–Sattelberg road, and cutting off the Australians defending Jivevaneng. The 2/17th and a number of other Australian units, such as most of the 2/3rd Pioneer Battalion, as well as part of the 2/28th, became isolated behind Japanese lines. In order to keep them supplied, emergency air drops of ammunition were flown in by pilots of
850:
56:
821:. Presented with the ambiguity of the situation, the commander of the 2/3rd Pioneer Battalion withdrew one of his outposts, while Brigadier Bernard Evans, commander of the 24th Infantry Brigade, also contracted his position around the beachhead, and in doing so subsequently granted the Japanese the prime position of Katika. The Australian divisional commander, Wootten, was enraged by the decision and subsequently lambasted his commander via radio. In response, the 2/13th Infantry Battalion detached two companies from rear area security and sent them north, while the
666:
Finschhafen. The
Japanese forces lacked transportation and the road network had not been fully developed. They were low on ammunition for all calibres of weapons, especially artillery, and the majority of stores had to be carried by combat troops, as local carriers had ceased working for the Japanese in response to Allied propaganda. Following the landing at Scarlet Beach, Yamada was ordered to launch an attack on the Australian forces in order to delay them so that further reinforcements could arrive from the 20th Division.
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sea by elements of the 79th with the Sugino Craft
Raiding Unit, and a drive from Sattelberg by the remainder of the 79th and 80th Infantry Regiments orientated upon two lines of advance: one towards Scarlet Beach, conforming with the Song River, and the other striking towards Heldsbach advancing astride the Sattelberg Road. If successful, it was intended that following a regrouping, the two infantry regiments would then clear Finschhafen and Langemak Bay, but Japanese plans went awry from the beginning.
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four more days as the
Japanese attempted to retake it. Fierce resistance from the 2/28th halted them and eventually the attack was called off on 24 October, with the Japanese having suffered heavily due to tactical deficiencies, poor co-ordination and operational security, and a lack of artillery. Meanwhile, the Allied response was hampered by poor working relationships at some of the highest levels between Australian and US commanders – particularly between
269:
841: – the lack of a unified command structure, over cautiousness amongst naval staff, and a poor appreciation of overall Japanese strength and intentions by the highest level of the Allied command who failed to send reinforcements until it was almost too late. Casualties during the attack amounted to at least 679 Japanese killed with another 821 estimated as wounded, while the Australians lost 49 killed and 179 wounded.
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877: – whose presence the Australians sought to keep secret for as long as possible – which were landed at Langemak Bay. Supplies were landed by US troops from the 532nd Engineer Boat and Shore Regiment, and then brought up and cached around Jivevaneng and Kumawa, but heavy rain hampered the Australian efforts until mid-November.
936:"Finschhafen" was awarded to the Australian Army units that had been involved in the capture of Finschhafen. Covering the period 22 September to 8 December 1943, it includes the capture of Scarlet Beach, the Defence of Scarlet Beach, and the fighting for Sattelberg, although separate battle honours were also awarded for these actions.
771:
The main
Japanese counterattack began on 16 October, signalled by a large bonfire on Sattelberg. The attack was conceptualised as a three-pronged action, involving a diversionary attack by elements of the 79th Infantry Regiment to the north from Bonga, a company-level attack on Scarlet Beach from the
744:
Following the capture of
Finschhafen, the main part of the Australian 20th Infantry Brigade returned to Scarlet Beach, due to intelligence that the Japanese were about to attack. The 2/13th and 22nd Infantry Battalions were left around Finschhafen, while the 2/15th and 2/17th Infantry Battalions were
713:
In response to concerns about the large number of Japanese forces in the area, which had proven to be in larger numbers than Allied intelligence had estimated, Windeyer requested reinforcements. These were initially refused as US naval commanders baulked at the idea of transporting another brigade to
709:
In addition to having to split their forces, the Australians also suffered from supply difficulties during the advance. The terrain over the southerly approaches was quite difficult being primarily dense jungle with numerous water crossings and rugged features. To traverse the ground, the Australians
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and then the north coast, in order to cut off the Japanese withdrawal route from the Huon Peninsula. This drive would ultimately be unsuccessful in preventing the bulk of the Japanese forces on the Huon Peninsula from escaping. At the same time, once Sattelberg was secured, a simultaneous drive was
731:
This ended the first phase of the battle. During operations to capture Finschhafen, the Australians lost 73 killed, 285 wounded. Sickness also resulted in a further 391 evacuations. Japanese casualties were reported as "heavy", but Allied intelligence assessed that a large number of Japanese forces
531:
where they sought to hold the Australians before launching a counteroffensive, which subsequently threatened the landing beach. This attack was repelled by Australian and American forces, with heavy casualties being inflicted on the Japanese. In the aftermath, the Australians went on the offensive,
928:
ramps and piers. In addition, several airfields were established capable of hosting both fighter and bomber aircraft, as well as several fuel dumps. From Finschhafen, the Allies were able to project air power towards the main Japanese base at Rabaul, and seal off the Vitiaz and Dampier Straits. In
727:
Meanwhile, concerned about their rear, due to the presence of a large number of Japanese troops around Sattelberg, the Australians pushed cautiously to Kakakog, which saw heavy fighting at the end of the month, resulting in around 100 Japanese casualties as the Australians called in artillery fire
718:
was operating under the mistaken belief that the Japanese defending the area were only very small in number, when in actuality the two forces were roughly equal in size, with the Allied strength after the landing being around 5,300. After much discussion amongst Australian and US commands on 29/30
687:
After the landing, the Australians began establishing a beachhead several kilometres deep, during which significant actions were fought around Siki Cove and Katika. Late in the day, a large Japanese air raid struck the Allied fleet off shore, but this was eventually defeated by a strong US fighter
828:
Nevertheless, largely the fighting went in favour of the Allies, and finally the Japanese assault ground to a halt. Despite forcing a contraction of the Australian forces defending the beachhead, on 21 October the Japanese withdrew from Siki Cove, although the fighting around Katika continued for
775:
The northern diversion was easily overcome, and failed to confuse the Australians into committing their reserves, while the central drive was launched too early – in fact the day before the assault was scheduled to begin – consequently undermining Japanese attempts to achieve sufficient
723:
arrived to relieve the 2/17th. The South Australians from the 2/43rd were subsequently tasked with defending the beachhead and the surrounding areas including the Heldsbach area, and were ordered to prepare for further actions around Sisi and Sattelberg. Heavy rain fell around this time, and the
816:
The Australians managed to hold key terrain around Jivevaneng and Katika from where the Allies employed their direct and indirect fire support to inflict heavy casualties. Nevertheless, the Japanese achieved a degree of tactical success, albeit briefly. On 18 October, a party of Japanese broke
665:
Yamada's forces were spread out in a series of outposts that were orientated around a main defensive position established at Sattelberg, an abandoned Lutheran mission situated atop a 975-metre (3,199 ft) mountain that dominated the terrain about 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) north-west of
880:
The Australians subsequently were able to reduce and then secure the Japanese strong hold around Sattelberg against determined resistance following a hard slog through dense jungle, working in concert with the Matilda tanks. Elsewhere, further actions were planned, with the
1790:
Reconquest: An Official Record of the Australian Army's Successes in the Offensives Against Lae, Finschhafen, Markham and Ramu Valleys, Huon Peninsula, Finisterre Mountains, Rai Coast, Bogadjim, Madang, Alexishafen, Karkar Is., Hansa Bay September, 1943 – June,
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remained in the beachhead, working to improve roads, while the 2/8th Field Ambulance set up a main dressing station, which would receive casualties as they were evacuated rearwards from the advanced dressing station that was following the battalions advancing south.
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had been occupied by the Imperial Japanese Army on 10 March 1942 as part of strategic moves to provide protection to Lae, which they had established as an important air base. Throughout early 1943, the Allies had begun offensive operations in the
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on the night of 8/9 October while on their way to the landing beach. They subsequently suffered heavy casualties during the assault around the beach, with US and Australian troops there mounting a stubborn defence. The beach was guarded by a
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was split up, with two companies advancing as part of the brigade's reserve, while another remained to secure the beachhead from a Japanese attack and push it further to the north, and the fourth pushed towards Sattelberg. The
809:. A Japanese hand grenade landed in their weapon pit, shattering one of van Noy's legs and wounding Popa, but they continued to fire. Another Japanese grenade silenced them. Van Noy was subsequently awarded the
898:, which provided good observation towards Scarlet Beach as well as serving as a junction for Japanese lines of communication south. Once Wareo was secure, the Allies advanced along the coast towards
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On 10/11 October, as it became apparent to the Allies that Japanese were preparing for a major assault, Wootten and his headquarters landed at Finschhafen, along with the remainder of Brigadier
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umbrella that was forewarned by Allied picket ships. The following day, 23 September, the 20th Brigade's drive on Finschhafen began, with two battalions commencing the advance south – the
861:. In the wake of the Japanese counterattack, the members of the Australian and American staff began working more closely together and reinforcements were quickly approved in the form of the
2011:
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662:, commander of the 1st Shipping Group. The total number of Japanese in the area was around 4,000 to 5,000, although Allied intelligence estimated a strength of between 350 and 2,100.
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unit that had landed east of Lae in early September to relieve the troops holding the beachhead, began pursuing the Japanese that were withdrawing to the east, marching from
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addition, the base became an important logistics hub, playing an important role in supplying the American war machine as it advanced through the Philippines in 1944–1945.
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weight of forces to overcome the defenders. The seaborne landing also suffered a significant setback when more than half of the seven landing craft were destroyed by
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The Japanese had expected an Allied assault on the Finschhafen region from around late July 1943, having appreciated its significance in relation to the Vitiaz and
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to follow up the withdrawing Japanese. Nevertheless, the US and Australian forces would come up against the same forces throughout the remainder of the war around
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921:. Throughout 1944, the base saw considerable development with the establishment of a staging camp that had a divisional capacity, a wharf, ramps for
857:
Following the conclusion of the fighting around Finschhafen and the defeat of the Japanese counterattack, the Allies began preparing for a concerted
405:
1887:. Australia in the War of 1939–1945, Series 1—Army. Vol. VII (1st ed.). Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Australian War Memorial.
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Finschhafen due to the risks involved and potential naval losses that might be incurred. In addition, the Allied higher headquarters under General
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1986:. United States Army in World War II: The War in the Pacific. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Chief of Military History, Department of the Army.
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launched a counterattack against the Japanese around Katika, which – supported by artillery – successfully regained the position.
642:, one battalion of the 26th Field Artillery Regiment, and the 7th Naval Base Force. In addition, following the fall of Lae, elements of the
603: – about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of Finschhafen – and proceeded to establish a beachhead there. At the same time, the
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remained at large and had withdrawn west away from the coast in preparation for further fighting. In the same time, US forces from the
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in early September 1943, the Allies attempted to exploit their success with an advance to Finschhafen to begin the
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Finschhafen was subsequently developed into "one of the largest bases in the Southwest Pacific area" according to
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manned by the US 532nd Engineer Boat and Shore Regiment. One of the .50 calibre machine guns, manned by Private
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1926:. Australians in the Pacific War. Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Department of Veterans' Affairs.
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supported by the 2/12th Field Regiment as well as engineers from the 2/3rd Field Company – while the
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Operations of the Imperial Japanese Armed Forces in the Papua New Guinea Theater During World War II
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lost eight killed and about 42 wounded, mainly during the landing operations around Scarlet Beach.
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805:, assisted by Corporal Stephen Popa, engaged a group of Japanese led by a bugler and two men with
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1797:. The Australian Army at War. Melbourne, Victoria: Director General of Publication Relations.
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2040:(2014). "Applying the Principles of War: Securing the Huon Peninsula". In Dean, Peter (ed.).
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1824:. Engineers of the Southwest Pacific 1941–1945. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
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Wrecked Japanese barges at Scarlet Beach following a failed Japanese attack, 17 October 1943
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forces. The fighting took place between 22 September and 24 October 1943 following the
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Bravery Above Blunder: The 9th Australian Division at Finschhafen, Sattelberg, and Sio
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The operation to capture Finschhafen was important to capture the western cape of the
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630:, had begun moving forces into the region. The majority of these were drawn from the
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towards Finschhafen, with a view to placing pressure on the Japanese southern flank.
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527:. After the capture of Finschhafen, the Japanese forces in the area withdrew towards
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579:. The responsibility for securing the Huon Peninsula was assigned to Major General
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43:
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658:, were also moved to the area, and were placed under the command of Major General
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764:' 24th Infantry Brigade. That day, the bulk of the Japanese 20th Division, under
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515:, which was followed by a two-pronged advance on Finschhafen as the Australian
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Battle Honours of the British Empire and Commonwealth Land Forces 1662–1991
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2044:. Port Melbourne, Victoria: Cambridge University Press. pp. 255–284.
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for the construction of airfields and naval facilities for the upcoming
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drove from the south, having advanced from the landing beaches east of
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599:, as well as a field company of engineers and a field ambulance, had
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Where Australians Fought: The Encyclopaedia of Australia's Battles
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Battles and operations of World War II involving Papua New Guinea
1863:(1st ed.). St Leonards, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin.
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assault on the Japanese main defensive position around Sattelberg
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1963:
The Second World War and its Australian Army Battle Honours
1904:. Milsons Point, New South Wales: Random House Australia.
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2082:. Tokyo, Japan: Japan Papua New Guinea Goodwill Society.
2012:
History of United States Naval Operations in World War II
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anti-tank guns and machine guns of the 2/28th, and two
1844:. South Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press.
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capturing Sattelberg, and then advancing towards the
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and the VII Amphibious Force commander Rear Admiral
1965:. East Roseville, New South Wales: Kangaroo Press.
634:, which dispatched a force of about 2,800 men from
2063:. Marlborough, United Kingdom: The Crowood Press.
2003:
27:1943 battle in the Huon Peninsula campaign of WWII
1948:. Melbourne, Victoria: Grayflower Publications.
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519:advanced on the town from the north, while the
36:
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8:
2042:Australia 1943: The Liberation of New Guinea
2158:Battles of World War II involving Australia
1902:A Dictionary of Australian Military History
385:679 killed, 821 wounded (second phase only)
2153:South West Pacific theatre of World War II
413:
399:
391:
33:
1737:. Australian War Memorial. Archived from
957:This Month in Australian Military History
789:of the 10th Light Anti-Aircraft Battery,
638:in August. These forces consisted of the
1822:Volume IV: Amphibian Engineer Operations
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2168:Battles of World War II involving Japan
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1618:
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1531:
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752:A machine gun team from the Australian
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889:as part of the inland advance towards
734:532nd Engineer Boat and Shore Regiment
683:Map showing the capture of Finschhafen
274:532nd Engineer Boat and Shore Regiment
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552:area of New Guinea and following the
382:49 killed, 179 wounded (second phase)
380:73 killed, 285 wounded (first phase)
7:
2014:. Boston: Little Brown and Company.
72:22 September – 24 October 1943
1787:Australian Military Forces (1944).
756:around Scarlet Beach, October 1943
60:A view of Finschhafen, October 1943
1983:Cartwheel: The Reduction of Rabaul
595:, supported by artillery from the
587:. On 22 September, the Australian
25:
885:preparing to advance through the
865:, under the command of Brigadier
591:, under the command of Brigadier
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349:
331:
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280:
267:
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206:
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54:
1859:Coulthard-Clark, Chris (1998).
1044:Australian Military Forces 1944
675:Australian drive on Finschhafen
2006:Breaking the Bismarcks Barrier
626:commander, Lieutenant General
1:
833:commander Lieutenant General
302:26th Field Artillery Regiment
1924:The Huon Peninsula 1943–1944
368:4,000 – 5,000 (first phase)
869:, as well as a squadron of
754:2/2nd Machine Gun Battalion
2209:
2059:Rodger, Alexander (2003).
1946:South West Pacific 1941–45
1961:Maitland, Gordon (1999).
1884:The New Guinea Offensives
959:. Australian War Memorial
823:2/28th Infantry Battalion
721:2/43rd Infantry Battalion
434:
374:
359:
231:
188:
141:
64:
53:
41:
2178:1943 in Papua New Guinea
2078:Tanaka, Kengoro (1980).
887:Markham and Ramu Valleys
799:.50-calibre machine guns
513:landing at Scarlet Beach
2183:Territory of New Guinea
896:clear the Wareo plateau
703:2/3rd Pioneer Battalion
656:102nd Infantry Regiment
648:238th Infantry Regiment
605:22nd Infantry Battalion
601:landed at Scarlet Beach
562:Huon Peninsula campaign
521:22nd Infantry Battalion
503:and was fought between
493:Huon Peninsula campaign
425:Huon Peninsula campaign
370:~ 12,000 (second phase)
344:102nd Infantry Regiment
325:238th Infantry Regiment
262:22nd Infantry Battalion
90:Territory of New Guinea
1582:, pp. 7 & 36.
854:
757:
740:Japanese counterattack
684:
646: – primarily the
640:80th Infantry Regiment
298:80th Infantry Regiment
293:79th Infantry Regiment
189:Commanders and leaders
2188:September 1943 events
2000:Morison, Samuel Eliot
1980:Miller, John (1959).
863:26th Infantry Brigade
852:
751:
682:
613:Hopoi Mission Station
597:2/12th Field Regiment
589:20th Infantry Brigade
517:20th Infantry Brigade
489:Battle of Finschhafen
375:Casualties and losses
257:24th Infantry Brigade
252:20th Infantry Brigade
37:Battle of Finschhafen
1812:on 16 February 2015.
1631:Coulthard-Clark 1998
1431:Coulthard-Clark 1998
1368:Coulthard-Clark 1998
1353:Coulthard-Clark 1998
1008:Coulthard-Clark 1998
573:New Britain campaign
365:~5,300 (first phase)
306:7th Naval Base Force
18:Battle of Jivevaneng
2193:October 1943 events
1900:Grant, Ian (1992).
1705:, pp. 345–428.
1645:, pp. 328–329.
1621:, pp. 267–269.
1546:, pp. 530–531.
1495:, pp. 267–268.
1355:, pp. 242–243.
1343:, pp. 117–119.
1307:, pp. 265–266.
1109:, pp. 218–219.
1097:, pp. 261–262.
1070:, pp. 260–261.
1034:, pp. 315–316.
819:No. 4 Squadron RAAF
577:Operation Cartwheel
107: /
1232:, pp. 99–100.
923:tank landing ships
902:, while US forces
875:1st Tank Battalion
855:
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355:1st Shipping Group
2163:Conflicts in 1943
2051:978-1-107-03799-1
716:Douglas MacArthur
554:landing at Nadzab
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1640:
1634:
1628:
1622:
1616:
1610:
1604:
1598:
1592:
1583:
1577:
1571:
1565:
1559:
1553:
1547:
1541:
1535:
1529:
1523:
1517:
1508:
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1496:
1490:
1481:
1475:
1466:
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1449:
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1434:
1428:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1395:
1389:
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1377:
1371:
1365:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1332:
1326:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1296:
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1278:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1227:
1221:
1215:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1146:
1140:
1134:
1128:
1122:
1116:
1110:
1104:
1098:
1092:
1086:
1080:
1071:
1065:
1059:
1053:
1047:
1041:
1035:
1029:
1023:
1017:
1011:
1005:
996:
990:
984:
978:
969:
968:
966:
964:
949:
904:landed at Saidor
839:Daniel E. Barbey
787:Bofors 40 mm gun
766:Shigeru Katagiri
650: – and the
607:, an Australian
491:was part of the
429:
428:
426:
415:
408:
401:
392:
354:
353:
336:
335:
317:
316:
285:
284:
272:
271:
244:
243:
226:Shigeru Katagiri
211:
210:
200:
199:
184:
180:
178:
177:
166:
164:
163:
154:
152:
151:
122:
121:
119:
118:
117:
112:
108:
105:
104:
103:
100:
66:
65:
58:
34:
21:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2129:
2127:
2117:
2115:
2105:
2103:
2095:
2077:
2071:
2058:
2052:
2036:
2022:
1998:
1979:
1973:
1960:
1940:
1934:
1918:
1912:
1899:
1877:
1871:
1858:
1852:
1836:
1816:
1809:
1794:
1786:
1783:
1778:
1770:
1766:
1758:
1754:
1744:
1742:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1716:
1709:
1701:
1697:
1689:
1685:
1677:
1673:
1665:
1661:
1653:
1649:
1641:
1637:
1629:
1625:
1617:
1613:
1609:, pp. 7–8.
1605:
1601:
1593:
1586:
1578:
1574:
1566:
1562:
1554:
1550:
1542:
1538:
1530:
1526:
1518:
1511:
1503:
1499:
1491:
1484:
1476:
1469:
1461:
1452:
1444:
1437:
1429:
1422:
1414:
1410:
1402:
1398:
1390:
1386:
1378:
1374:
1366:
1359:
1351:
1347:
1339:
1335:
1327:
1323:
1315:
1311:
1303:
1299:
1291:
1287:
1279:
1272:
1264:
1260:
1252:
1248:
1240:
1236:
1228:
1224:
1216:
1209:
1201:
1197:
1189:
1185:
1177:
1173:
1165:
1161:
1153:
1149:
1141:
1137:
1133:, pp. 4–5.
1129:
1125:
1117:
1113:
1105:
1101:
1093:
1089:
1081:
1074:
1066:
1062:
1054:
1050:
1042:
1038:
1030:
1026:
1018:
1014:
1006:
999:
991:
987:
979:
972:
962:
960:
951:
950:
946:
942:
867:David Whitehead
847:
742:
677:
672:
624:Eighteenth Army
622:. The Japanese
620:Dampier Straits
593:Victor Windeyer
542:
485:
484:
483:
478:
430:
424:
422:
421:
419:
381:
369:
348:
330:
311:
279:
266:
238:
224:
220:
213:Victor Windeyer
205:
204:
194:
175:
173:
172:
161:
159:
158:
149:
147:
116:-6.600; 147.850
115:
113:
109:
106:
101:
98:
96:
94:
93:
92:
86:Morobe Province
59:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2206:
2204:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2145:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2125:
2113:
2093:
2092:
2075:
2069:
2056:
2050:
2038:Pratten, Garth
2034:
2020:
1996:
1977:
1971:
1958:
1942:Keogh, Eustace
1938:
1932:
1920:Johnston, Mark
1916:
1910:
1897:
1875:
1869:
1856:
1850:
1834:
1820:, ed. (1959).
1814:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1774:, p. 361.
1764:
1752:
1741:on 29 May 2016
1735:Battle Honours
1722:
1720:, p. 280.
1707:
1695:
1693:, p. 329.
1683:
1681:, p. 211.
1671:
1669:, p. 271.
1659:
1657:, p. 181.
1647:
1635:
1633:, p. 245.
1623:
1611:
1599:
1597:, p. 269.
1584:
1572:
1560:
1548:
1536:
1534:, p. 273.
1524:
1522:, p. 268.
1509:
1507:, p. 184.
1497:
1482:
1480:, p. 325.
1467:
1465:, p. 267.
1450:
1435:
1433:, p. 244.
1420:
1418:, p. 190.
1408:
1406:, p. 500.
1396:
1394:, p. 265.
1384:
1382:, p. 124.
1372:
1370:, p. 243.
1357:
1345:
1333:
1331:, p. 182.
1321:
1319:, p. 180.
1309:
1297:
1285:
1283:, p. 324.
1270:
1268:, p. 125.
1258:
1256:, p. 323.
1246:
1244:, p. 266.
1234:
1222:
1220:, p. 218.
1207:
1205:, p. 179.
1195:
1183:
1171:
1159:
1147:
1145:, p. 466.
1135:
1123:
1111:
1099:
1087:
1085:, p. 322.
1072:
1060:
1058:, p. 316.
1048:
1036:
1024:
1022:, p. 317.
1012:
1010:, p. 242.
997:
995:, p. 214.
985:
983:, p. 315.
970:
943:
941:
938:
894:undertaken to
846:
843:
835:Edmund Herring
811:Medal of Honor
807:flame-throwers
803:Nathan van Noy
741:
738:
719:September the
676:
673:
671:
668:
583:'s Australian
581:George Wootten
558:capture of Lae
541:
538:
480:
479:
477:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
435:
432:
431:
420:
418:
417:
410:
403:
395:
387:
386:
383:
377:
376:
372:
371:
366:
362:
361:
357:
356:
347:
346:
328:
327:
309:
308:
303:
300:
295:
276:
265:
264:
259:
254:
234:
233:
232:Units involved
229:
228:
215:
202:George Wootten
191:
190:
186:
185:
170:
144:
143:
139:
138:
135:
134:
128:
124:
123:
80:
78:
74:
73:
70:
62:
61:
51:
50:
39:
38:
32:
31:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2205:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2141:
2136:
2126:
2124:
2114:
2112:
2102:
2098:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2070:1-861266-37-5
2066:
2062:
2057:
2053:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2021:0-7858-1307-1
2017:
2013:
2008:
2007:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1978:
1974:
1972:0-86417-975-8
1968:
1964:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1933:1-920720-55-3
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1911:0-091825-92-X
1907:
1903:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1879:Dexter, David
1876:
1872:
1870:1-86448-611-2
1866:
1862:
1857:
1853:
1851:0-19-550837-8
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1793:
1792:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1773:
1768:
1765:
1762:, p. 77.
1761:
1760:Maitland 1999
1756:
1753:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1731:"Finschhafen"
1726:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1699:
1696:
1692:
1687:
1684:
1680:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1663:
1660:
1656:
1655:Maitland 1999
1651:
1648:
1644:
1639:
1636:
1632:
1627:
1624:
1620:
1615:
1612:
1608:
1607:Johnston 2005
1603:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1580:Johnston 2005
1576:
1573:
1570:, p. 81.
1569:
1568:Maitland 1999
1564:
1561:
1557:
1556:Johnston 2005
1552:
1549:
1545:
1540:
1537:
1533:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1498:
1494:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1446:Johnston 2005
1442:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1388:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1293:Johnston 2005
1289:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1247:
1243:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1226:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1196:
1193:, p. 99.
1192:
1187:
1184:
1181:, p. 97.
1180:
1175:
1172:
1169:, p. 96.
1168:
1163:
1160:
1157:, p. 98.
1156:
1151:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1131:Johnston 2005
1127:
1124:
1121:, p. 80.
1120:
1119:Maitland 1999
1115:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1049:
1046:, p. 46.
1045:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1002:
998:
994:
989:
986:
982:
977:
975:
971:
958:
954:
948:
945:
939:
937:
935:
934:battle honour
932:In 1961, the
930:
927:
924:
920:
919:Garth Pratten
915:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
892:
888:
884:
878:
876:
872:
871:Matilda tanks
868:
864:
860:
851:
844:
842:
840:
836:
832:
826:
824:
820:
814:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
783:
779:
773:
769:
767:
763:
762:Bernard Evans
755:
750:
746:
739:
737:
735:
729:
725:
722:
717:
711:
707:
704:
699:
695:
691:
681:
674:
669:
667:
663:
661:
657:
653:
652:51st Division
649:
645:
644:41st Division
641:
637:
633:
632:20th Division
629:
628:Hatazo Adachi
625:
621:
616:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
569:Vitiaz Strait
565:
563:
559:
555:
551:
546:
539:
537:
535:
534:Wareo plateau
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
439:Scarlet Beach
437:
436:
433:
427:
416:
411:
409:
404:
402:
397:
396:
393:
384:
379:
378:
373:
367:
364:
363:
358:
352:
345:
342:
341:
340:
339:
338:51st Division
334:
326:
323:
322:
321:
320:
319:41st Division
315:
307:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
290:
289:
288:
287:20th Division
283:
277:
275:
270:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
249:
248:
247:
242:
236:
235:
230:
227:
223:
219:
218:Hatazo Adachi
216:
214:
209:
203:
198:
193:
192:
187:
183:
171:
169:
168:United States
157:
146:
145:
140:
132:
129:
126:
125:
120:
91:
87:
83:
79:
76:
75:
71:
68:
67:
63:
57:
52:
49:
45:
40:
35:
30:
19:
2140:
2079:
2060:
2041:
2005:
1982:
1962:
1945:
1923:
1901:
1883:
1860:
1841:
1838:Coates, John
1821:
1818:Casey, H. J.
1807:the original
1789:
1781:Bibliography
1767:
1755:
1743:. Retrieved
1739:the original
1734:
1725:
1718:Pratten 2014
1698:
1686:
1674:
1667:Pratten 2014
1662:
1650:
1638:
1626:
1619:Pratten 2014
1614:
1602:
1595:Pratten 2014
1575:
1563:
1558:, p. 7.
1551:
1539:
1532:Morison 1950
1527:
1520:Pratten 2014
1500:
1493:Pratten 2014
1463:Pratten 2014
1448:, p. 6.
1411:
1399:
1392:Pratten 2014
1387:
1375:
1348:
1336:
1324:
1312:
1305:Pratten 2014
1300:
1295:, p. 5.
1288:
1261:
1249:
1242:Pratten 2014
1237:
1225:
1198:
1186:
1174:
1162:
1150:
1138:
1126:
1114:
1102:
1095:Pratten 2014
1090:
1068:Pratten 2014
1063:
1051:
1039:
1027:
1015:
988:
961:. Retrieved
956:
947:
931:
916:
912:Aitape–Wewak
891:Shaggy Ridge
883:7th Division
879:
856:
827:
815:
781:
777:
774:
770:
759:
743:
730:
726:
712:
708:
686:
664:
617:
585:9th Division
566:
543:
501:World War II
488:
486:
443:
329:
310:
278:
246:9th Division
237:
142:Belligerents
44:World War II
29:
1772:Rodger 2003
1745:18 February
1679:Coates 1999
1544:Dexter 1961
1505:Tanaka 1980
1416:Tanaka 1980
1404:Dexter 1961
1341:Coates 1999
1329:Coates 1999
1317:Tanaka 1980
1230:Coates 1999
1218:Miller 1959
1203:Tanaka 1980
1191:Coates 1999
1179:Coates 1999
1167:Coates 1999
1155:Coates 1999
1143:Dexter 1961
1107:Miller 1959
993:Miller 1959
963:14 February
660:Eizo Yamada
575:as part of
545:Finschhafen
459:Long Island
444:Finschhafen
222:Eizo Yamada
114: /
82:Finschhafen
48:Pacific War
2147:Categories
2111:New Guinea
1703:Keogh 1965
1691:Keogh 1965
1643:Keogh 1965
1478:Keogh 1965
1380:Grant 1992
1281:Keogh 1965
1266:Casey 1959
1254:Keogh 1965
1083:Keogh 1965
1056:Keogh 1965
1032:Keogh 1965
1020:Keogh 1965
981:Keogh 1965
940:References
795:37 mm guns
540:Background
529:Sattelberg
505:Australian
497:New Guinea
449:Sattelberg
2123:Australia
1830:220327009
873:from the
845:Aftermath
791:2-pounder
156:Australia
2030:10310299
2002:(1950).
1944:(1965).
1922:(2005).
1881:(1961).
1840:(1999).
797:and two
550:Salamaua
509:Japanese
360:Strength
102:147°51′E
77:Location
42:Part of
2097:Portals
2088:9206229
1992:1355535
1954:7185705
1893:2028994
1803:5308007
953:"March"
831:I Corps
609:Militia
499:during
133:victory
2086:
2067:
2048:
2028:
2018:
1990:
1969:
1952:
1930:
1908:
1891:
1867:
1848:
1828:
1801:
908:Madang
782:PT-194
778:PT-128
698:2/17th
694:2/15th
690:2/13th
670:Battle
636:Madang
474:Madang
469:Saidor
179:
165:
153:
131:Allied
127:Result
99:6°36′S
84:area,
2135:Japan
1810:(PDF)
1795:(PDF)
454:Wareo
182:Japan
2084:OCLC
2065:ISBN
2046:ISBN
2026:OCLC
2016:ISBN
1988:OCLC
1967:ISBN
1950:OCLC
1928:ISBN
1906:ISBN
1889:OCLC
1865:ISBN
1846:ISBN
1826:OCLC
1799:OCLC
1791:1944
1747:2016
965:2016
926:LSTs
910:and
780:and
692:and
556:and
507:and
487:The
69:Date
900:Sio
654:'s
525:Lae
495:in
464:Sio
2149::
2024:.
2010:.
1733:.
1710:^
1587:^
1512:^
1485:^
1470:^
1453:^
1438:^
1423:^
1360:^
1273:^
1210:^
1075:^
1000:^
973:^
955:.
914:.
813:.
564:.
536:.
88:,
46:,
2099::
2090:.
2073:.
2054:.
2032:.
1994:.
1975:.
1956:.
1936:.
1914:.
1895:.
1873:.
1854:.
1832:.
1749:.
967:.
414:e
407:t
400:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
