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901:. French asked them if they saw any Nationalist Forces around, and they asked for food supplies. Hatice said she did not see any Nationalists and she went back to report them to the Turkish army with the disguise of finding the supplies. Hatice informed Kemal Bey, later Kemal Ekin, the local militia chief of Kuvai Milliye. Kemal Bey with some members of Aydınlı tribe and villagers waited for the battalion in ambush. They had taken up positions on the two opposite sides of the valley called
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volunteers had set up an ambush. Early on 27 May, the shootings began from both sides of the valley. French soldiers tried to escape to open space towards Pozantı. But they ran into the third group of nationalists. Towards the evening, after heavy casualties, the battalion surrendered. They were led
929:
The total number of prisoners of war was 650, including 23 officers(1 Major), two of them being Mesnil and
Journois. Also, 2 cannons, 8 machine guns, 40 automatic rifles, swords, 1000+ various weapons, and more than 90 mules were seized by the nationalists. The death casualty of the French side was
892:
By that, he attempted to save his life and break away by leaving his wounded behind. Following this retreat, a group of 44 soldiers of
Turkish nationalists followed the Mesnil’s troops and had a small fight in Tekir province. Mesnil, having casualties in this engagement, run towards Karboğazı and
877:, local commander Mesnil decided to evacuate Pozantı, and to return to French lines by a surprise retreat during the night of the 26–27 May. According to official reports, the unit consisted of 9 officers, 696 soldiers, 4 cavalrymen, 19 wounded officers and soldiers, 44 civilian
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and
Armenians as well as 39 Turkish prisoners of war. Mesnil also left some wounded soldiers back with a letter written to Turkish commanders asking for fair treatment for them. In Mesnil's letter to Turkish commanders, he said:
921:, a cold yogurt beverage. They were held captive until 25 September 1921. This victory of the Turkish Resistance forced the French to completely withdraw from Middle Taurus Mountains and to make peace negotiation requests.
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833:. A battalion under Major Mesnil was commissioned for the task of securing French presence around Gülek Pass. The headquarters of the battalion was in the village of
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The battle in Karboğazı was relatively small, but effectively ended French plans to seize the Toros
Mountains. In 1921, France agreed to withdraw from Turkey by the
865:. However, in the spring of 1920, Turkish nationalists began controlling the railroad from Pozantı to the south, and Pozantı was effectively blocked from Çukurova.
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to Yaylaçukuru, where they signed the protocol of surrender with
Lieutenant Hasan Fehmi, later Hasan Akıncı, nicknamed Kara Afet. The prisoners of war received
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heavy. The exact figures are found in the official letter of the
Turkish Commander of Western Cilician Front Tekelioğlu Sinan to President
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was difficult. Moreover, because of the nationalistic opposition, which would ultimately end up in
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905:. The French had the advantage in numbers and superior artillery, but the nationalists had the advantage of cover.
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I am leaving from Pozantı on the order given. I leave the wounded who cannot stand the trouble of the road to you.
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further retained the power of controlling what was left of the
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was established under the supervision of Mesnil's wife. Mesmil's assistant was
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Bilan and Teke's backs are full of corpses. The enemy has more than 200 dead.
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After receiving approval from
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France tried to control the sea coast and the alluvial plains like
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stayed here on 26 May 1920. Meanwhile, they came across two local
829:, was under continuous threat from the Turkish nationalist forces
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841:(district) center, and a small hospital in the nearby village of
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of the antiquity). But the control of the small settlements on
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861:. Mesnil also had a group of guides, who were actually local
781:
on 17 December 1918, just 47 days after the armistice. Soon,
1148:
Türk-Fransız mücadelesi: Orta Toros geçitleri, 1915-1921
1125:(in Turkish). Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi. p. 80 81.
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Türk-Fransız mücadelesi: Orta Toros geçitleri, 1915-1921
1098:
Türk-Fransız mücadelesi: Orta Toros geçitleri, 1915-1921
1020:
Türk-Fransız mücadelesi: Orta Toros geçitleri, 1915-1921
1150:(in Turkish). Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi. p. 81.
1100:(in Turkish). Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi. p. 80.
1022:(in Turkish). Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi. p. 81.
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United States during the
Turkish War of Independence
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A site about Karboğazı by historian Cezmi Yurtseven
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59:. Please do not remove this message until
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797:control, Turkey lost the gateway to the
55:Relevant discussion may be found on the
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996:Karboğazı Savaşı (Battle of Karboğazı)
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805:French plan to control the mountains
793:control and west Anatolia was under
777:. In this context, Allies occupied
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1971:Battles of the Franco-Turkish War
1915:Conference of London (1921–1922)
789:. Since the southwest was under
721:) was an engagement recorded in
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1441:First Offensive of Sulaymaniyah
1212:Partition of the Ottoman Empire
993:Website of Gülek municipality,
917:, a cereal food, with meat and
1311:Grand National Assembly (1923)
1306:Grand National Assembly (1920)
1:
1392:Ankara Government and Georgia
745:literally means "Snow Pass".
1772:Liberation of Constantinople
1505:Liberation of Constantinople
753:Following the defeat of the
326:650 soldiers and 23 officers
1895:Conference of London (1920)
1198:Turkish War of Independence
1146:Süleyman Hatipoğlu (2001).
1121:Süleyman Hatipoğlu (2001).
1096:Süleyman Hatipoğlu (2001).
1018:Süleyman Hatipoğlu (2001).
739:Turkish War of Independence
61:conditions to do so are met
2022:
1991:History of Mersin Province
1976:1920 in the Ottoman Empire
1406:Yalova Peninsula massacres
1250:Sultanahmet demonstrations
849:, who would fight against
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925:POW and other casualties
330:1,000+ different weapons
1742:Liberation of Balıkesir
1543:Revolt of Ahmet Anzavur
1285:Grand National Assembly
1071:Photos of the operation
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221:83th regiment commander
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970:. Türk Tarih Kurumu.
966:Çelik, Kemal (1999).
932:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
884:
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428:1920 Summer Offensive
302:Casualties and losses
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944:Cilicia Peace Treaty
727:Turkish nationalists
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1401:Samsun deportations
1396:Population exchange
1387:Personae non gratae
763:Armistice of Mudros
711:Battle of Karboğazı
260:French Armed Forces
226:Major Mesnil (
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48:of this article is
18:Battle of Karboğazı
1966:Ambushes in Turkey
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1265:Balıkesir Congress
1005:2014-07-14 at the
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1500:Chanak crisis
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733:battalion on
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646:Ahmet Anzavur
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438:Chanak crisis
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19:
1944:
1657:Smyrna, 1919
1613:
1581:Alexandropol
1385:
1371:Malta exiles
1147:
1141:
1122:
1116:
1097:
1091:
1084:(in Turkish)
1077:
1066:
1060:(in Turkish)
1052:
1041:
1033:
1019:
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999:(in Turkish)
995:
967:
961:
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938:Consequences
928:
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742:
710:
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677:
636:
609:
585:
579:Alexandropol
554:
444:
396:
383:Independence
339:machine guns
320:200+ killed
315:
307:
292:
284:
258:
174:Belligerents
99:Part of the
75:
66:
44:
767:Middle East
737:during the
685:1922 Samsun
423:1920 Samsun
411:Şehzadebaşı
266:French Army
149: /
123:Karboğazı,
1960:Categories
1816:Agreements
1737:Dumlupınar
1661:Occupation
1629:Kanlıgeçit
954:References
823:Gülek Pass
749:Background
625:Kanlıgeçit
569:Sarikamish
546:2nd Smyrna
536:Dumlupınar
459:Occupation
454:1st Smyrna
46:neutrality
1722:Eskişehir
1717:2nd İnönü
1712:1st İnönü
1692:Tellidede
1624:Kovanbaşı
1614:Karboğazı
1571:Sarıkamış
1468:Köysancak
1415:Campaigns
1294:Elections
1233:awakening
903:Karboğazı
875:warplanes
869:The clash
863:Armenians
843:Belemedik
743:Karboğazı
620:Kovanbaşı
610:Karboğazı
541:Balıkesir
516:2nd İnönü
511:1st İnönü
491:Tellidede
213:Kemal Bey
57:talk page
1946:Timeline
1877:Assembly
1875:National
1231:National
1205:Concepts
1003:Archived
837:, now a
811:Çukurova
787:Anatolia
729:and the
433:Tal Afar
342:90 mules
279:Strength
217:Ziya Bey
119:Location
50:disputed
1852:Ottoman
1798:Ardahan
1781:Georgia
1727:Sakarya
1682:Erbeyli
1677:Bergama
1619:Kaç Kaç
1558:Armenia
1515:Revolts
1446:Taşlıca
1423:British
857:in the
851:Germany
835:Pozantı
815:Cilicia
791:Italian
757:in the
715:Turkish
703:Turkish
671:Koçgiri
638:Revolts
615:Kaç Kaç
526:Sakarya
481:Erbeyli
476:Bergama
334:cannons
237: (
137:34°43′E
134:37°18′N
1824:Allies
1803:Batumi
1687:Erikli
1672:Malgaç
1609:Aintab
1599:Marash
1591:French
1548:Yozgat
1480:Samsun
1320:Issues
1154:
1129:
1104:
1026:
974:
915:bulgur
879:Greeks
783:France
779:Mersin
775:Turkey
771:Allies
769:, the
731:French
661:Yozgat
605:Aintab
595:Marash
486:Erikli
471:Malgaç
289:44 Men
201:France
198:
162:Result
125:Tarsus
1707:Gediz
1697:Aydın
1649:Greek
1634:Fadıl
1490:Akbaş
1376:Media
919:ayran
899:Gülek
895:Yörük
853:as a
795:Greek
678:Naval
666:Konya
656:Geyve
651:İzmit
630:Fadıl
506:Gediz
496:Aydın
418:Akbaş
1759:U.S.
1667:Urla
1604:Urfa
1576:Kars
1566:Oltu
1152:ISBN
1127:ISBN
1102:ISBN
1024:ISBN
972:ISBN
946:and
839:ilçe
697:The
600:Urfa
574:Kars
564:Oltu
466:Urla
312:None
111:Date
43:The
240:POW
229:POW
1962::
1032:.
986:^
950:.
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705::
337:8
332:2
1663:)
1659:(
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324:(
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219:(
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76:(
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20:)
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