129:
37:
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went forward with the rest of the army. The Mongol tactic was to attack with its main body and then feign a retreat, after which a second Mongol army descended from the rear to encircle and destroy the enemy. Unprepared for this tactic, the
Georgians managed to disperse the initial Mongol charge with
458:
George IV was badly wounded in the chest; on 18 January 1223 he would die of his injuries. However subsequent invasions were cancelled when Mongol scouts discovered that the
Georgians and Armenians were prepared to deny further incursions. Subutai instead continued to march his army north, with
305:
hastily assembled an army of about 10,000 men including many
Georgian crusaders commanded by him and his atabeg (tutor) Ivane Mkhargrdzeli, and managed to drive the invaders back but were consequently defeated in Armenia by successive Mongol counter-attacks. The Mongols then returned to
354:
remit, but Mongol intelligence intercepted war plans by
Georgia and their vassals, and the Mongols attacked when least expected, in the freezing cold and snowbound passes of January 1221. Subatai and
442:
their heavy cavalry and chased them up to the river Kotman but Jebe's sudden advance from the ambush decided the battle in the Mongol's favor. The king and Ivane fled, leaving Prince
671:"The Armenians in the Medieval Islamic World: Armenian Realpolitik in the Islamic World and Diverging Paradigms Case of Cilicia Eleventh to Fourteenth Centuries"by Seta B. Dadoyan
366:, the Georgian Capital. Close to Tbilisi the Mongols attacked a Georgian force. The Georgians managed to defeat Akush's Turkmen but were slaughtered by the Mongol rearguard.
362:
and recruited local
Turkish and Kurdish forces under the command of Akush, a disloyal underling of Atabag Uzbek. Subutai and Jebe then marched into Georgia towards
805:
731:
520:
501:
800:
542:
482:
769:
Bedrosian, ROBERT GREGORY. (1981), The Turco-Mongol invasions and the lords of
Armenia in the 13-14th centuries. U.M.I.: Ann Arbor.
243:
made their first appearance in the
Georgian possessions when this latter kingdom was still in its zenith, dominating most of the
790:
275:
72:
228:
41:
28:
785:
437:. The two armies met on the plain of Khunan in September. Jebe set up an ambush with 5,000 cavalrymen while
259:
795:
612:'How wars are won:the 13 rules of war from ancient greece to the war on terror P/117'by Alexander, Bevin
335:
282:
534:
The Rise and Fall of the Second
Largest Empire in History: How Genghis Khan almost conquered the world
603:
Frank McLynn, ‘’Genghis Khan: his conquest, his empire, his legacy’’, (Da Capo Press, 2015), 326-327.
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302:
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paid a fortune to buy the city exemption. In August 1221 the
Mongols slaughtered the population of
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377:, after this battle, Jebe and Subutai dwelt in a very safe place, which was between the cities of
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263:
212:
134:
66:
36:
274:, the two Mongol generals proceeded west on a reconnaissance mission. The Mongols invaded from
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727:
594:"Early Ukraine: A Military and Social History to the Mid-19th Century" By Alexander Basilevsky
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516:
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247:. First contact occurred early in the fall of 1220, when approximately 20,000 Mongols led by
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683:"Genghis Khan: the man who conquered the world, ch. 12 the great raid"by Frank Lynn
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How wars are won:the 13 rules of war from ancient greece to the war on terror P/117
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385:. This they used as a base from which to launch attacks. Then they invaded
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and Jebe. The result was a Mongol victory. For further details, see the
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to fight on the right flank, who survived and would later serve under
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In spring, after ravaging
Southeast Georgia, the Mongols withdrew to
339:
298:
279:
699:
Early Ukraine: A Military and Social History to the Mid-19th Century
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Mkhargrdzeli had assembled a larger force of 30,000 consisting of
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585:"Genghis Khan: his conquest, his empire, his legacy"by Frank Lynn
430:
355:
256:
252:
151:
330:
began gathering an army, asking for help from Malik Ashraf of
642:
Prawdin, Michael; Chaliand, Gerard (November 1, 2005).
757:
Artsakh History: From Time Immemorial Up to Our Days
310:
as they had not intended this as a war of conquest.
555:. London, UNITED KINGDOM: Reaktion Books, Limited.
494:Genghis Khan: His conquest, his Empire, his legacy
405:, from where they went again to Eastern Georgia.
693:
691:
689:
397:, then turned north, depopulating Nakhichevan,
21:
627:Bayarsaikhan, Dashdondog (December 7, 2010).
513:Genghis Khan: The Man Who Conquered the World
8:
679:
677:
622:
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579:
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723:Edge of empires : a history of Georgia
35:
18:
629:The Mongols and the Armenians (1220-1335)
211:was fought in September 1222 between the
659:Genghis Khan and the Mongol War Machine
565:
531:Craughwell, Thomas J. (February 2010).
644:The Mongol Empire: Its Rise and Legacy
473:Alexander, Bevin (23 September 2003).
175:and unknown number of allies at Khunan
715:
713:
711:
709:
707:
553:Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia
7:
701:, (McFarland & Co., 2016), 163.
806:Sieges involving the Mongol Empire
720:Rayfield, Donald (11 March 2019).
14:
511:McLynn, Frank (August 23, 2016).
433:had received reinforcements from
127:
657:Peers, Chris (March 31, 2015).
492:McLynn, Frank (14 July 2015).
358:received reinforcements from
234:
1:
661:. Pen and Sword. p. 135.
303:George IV "Lasha" of Georgia
229:Mongol Invasions of Georgia
29:Mongol invasions of Georgia
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42:Mongol invasion of Georgia
801:1222 in the Mongol Empire
759:. Zangak-97. p. 104.
646:. Routledge. p. 211.
192:
163:
141:
115:
48:
34:
26:
755:Balayan, Vahram (2005).
551:Rayfield, Donald. 2012.
527:, ch. 12 The Great Raid.
235:Subutai's reconnaissance
44:and the Battle of Khunan
697:Alexander Basilevsky,
459:orders to conquer the
326:until the Spring, the
270:. With the consent of
142:Commanders and leaders
791:Expeditionary warfare
477:. Three River Press.
314:Lead-up to the battle
193:Casualties and losses
88:40.67528°N 42.74222°E
631:. Brill. p. 48.
158:George IV of Georgia
375:Kirakos Gandzaketsi
264:Khwarazmian dynasty
255:pursued the ousted
84: /
726:. Reaktion Books.
461:Polovtsian Khanate
318:Thinking that the
213:Kingdom of Georgia
135:Kingdom of Georgia
93:40.67528; 42.74222
67:Kingdom of Georgia
786:Conflicts in 1222
733:978-1-78914-059-0
522:978-1-784-70350-9
515:. Vintage Books.
503:978-0-306-82396-1
496:. Da Capo Press.
389:, whose governor
346:. Conquering the
297:in Azerbaijan to
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209:Battle of Khunan
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537:. Fair Winds.
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415:King George IV
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322:would stay in
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56:September 1222
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16:Battle in 1222
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116:Belligerents
27:Part of the
276:Nakhichevan
268:Caspian Sea
260:Muhammad II
91: /
780:Categories
742:1053903394
467:References
413:This time
344:Azerbaijan
291:Azerbaijan
287:Eldiguzids
278:, driving
219:, and the
79:42°44′32″E
76:40°40′31″N
65:Shemakha,
560:Footnotes
454:Aftermath
427:Armenians
423:Georgians
352:Subatai's
328:Georgians
217:George IV
188:at Khunan
186:Armenians
182:Georgians
429:, while
383:Beylagan
371:Karabakh
350:was not
348:Caucasus
245:Caucasus
198:Moderate
164:Strength
61:Location
439:Subutai
435:Genghis
399:Ardabil
395:Hamadan
364:Tbilisi
320:Mongols
301:. King
293:) from
266:to the
262:of the
249:Subutai
241:Mongols
225:Subutai
180:30,000
173:Mongols
171:30,000
148:Subutai
740:
730:
541:
519:
500:
481:
419:atabeg
409:Battle
387:Tabriz
340:Atabeg
338:, the
299:Tabriz
280:Atabeg
221:Mongol
132:
104:Result
403:Ganja
379:Barda
336:Uzbek
332:Ahlat
324:Arran
308:Arran
295:Ganja
283:Uzbek
201:Heavy
156:King
738:OCLC
728:ISBN
539:ISBN
517:ISBN
498:ISBN
479:ISBN
431:Jebe
425:and
417:and
401:and
381:and
356:Jebe
334:and
257:Shah
253:Jebe
251:and
239:The
207:The
184:and
152:Jebe
53:Date
342:of
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706:^
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676:^
617:^
568:^
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231:.
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506:.
487:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
