50:
729:, recently returned to duty from a serious illness, sent Washington a letter urging an immediate withdrawal from New York. Without possession of Long Island, Greene argued, New York City could not be held. With the army scattered in encampments on York Island, the Americans would not be able to stop a British attack. Another decisive defeat, he argued, would be catastrophic with regard to the loss of men and the damage to morale. He also recommended burning the city; once the British had control, it could never be recovered without a comparable or superior naval force. There was no American benefit to preserving New York City, Greene summarized, and recommended that Washington convene a war council. By the time the council was gathered on September 7, however, a letter had arrived from
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on them, cursing furiously and violently. By some accounts, he lost control of his temper; he brandished a cocked pistol and drew his sword, threatening to run men through and shouted, "Take the walls! Take the cornfield!" When no one obeyed, he threw his hat to the ground, exclaiming in disgust, "Are these the men with which I am to defend
America?" When some fleeing men refused to turn and engage a party of advancing Hessians, Washington reportedly struck some of their officers with his riding crop. The Hessians shot or bayoneted a number of American troops who were trying to surrender. Two thousand Continental Army troops under the command of Generals
199:
970:. They spread out, advancing in several directions. By late afternoon, another 9,000 British troops had landed at Kip's Bay, and Howe had sent a brigade toward New York City, officially taking possession. While most of the Americans managed to escape to the north, not all got away. "I saw a Hessian sever a rebel's head from his body and clap it on a pole in the entrenchments," recorded a British officer. The southern advance pushed for a half mile (0.8 km) to Watts farm (near present-day 23rd Street) before meeting stiff American resistance. The northern advance stopped at the Inclenberg (now
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1028:. After several hours exchange of musketry, the forces engaged returned to their start lines, and the position of the two armies on Manhattan remained relatively unchanged for the next two months. Having held their own against picked British troops, the American army received a much needed boost to their morale after the debacle of the previous day, while the British acquired a renewed respect for the American ability to stand and fight.
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716:
154:
938:, private secretary to Lord Howe. Nearly eighty guns fired at the shore for a full hour. The Americans were half buried under dirt and sand, and were unable to return fire due to the smoke and dust. After the guns ceased, the British flatboats appeared out of the smoke and headed for shore. By then the Americans were in a panicked retreat, and the British began their
868:
978:, under orders from General Howe to wait for the rest of the invading force. This was extremely fortunate for the thousands of American troops south of the invasion point. Had Clinton continued west to the Hudson he would have cut off General Putnam's troops, nearly one third of Washington's forces, from the main army, trapping them in lower Manhattan.
997:, marched north along the Hudson. The forced march of Putnam's men was so quick, and the British advance sufficiently slow, that only the last companies in Putnam's column skirmished with the advancing British. When Putnam and his men marched into the main camp at Harlem after dark, they were greeted by cheers, having been given up for lost.
1021:, who said, "The wounds received on Long Island were yet bleeding; and the officers, if not the men, knew that the city was not to be defended." If the Connecticut men had stayed to defend York Island under the withering cannon fire and in the face of overwhelming force, they would have been annihilated.
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Although
Washington and his aides arrived from the command post at Harlem Heights soon after the landing began, they were unable to rally the retreating militia. About a mile (1.6 km) inland from Kip's Bay, Washington rode his horse among the men, trying to turn them around and impose some order
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and attach explosives to the ship; the submersible's drill struck an iron band it could not penetrate, and Lee was unable to attach the required explosives. Lee was able to escape, although he was forced to release his explosive payload to fend off small boats sent by the
British to investigate when
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was a cove on the eastern shore of the island, extending roughly from present-day 32nd to 38th
Streets, and as far west as Second Avenue. The bay no longer exists as such, having been filled in, but in 1776, it provided an excellent place for an amphibious landing: deep water close to the shore, and
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asking for some direction—specifically, if New York City, which then occupied only the southern tip of
Manhattan Island, should be abandoned and burned to the ground. "They would derive great conveniences from it, on the one hand, and much property would be destroyed on the other," Washington wrote.
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arrived from the north, but at the sight of the chaotic militia retreat, they also turned and fled. Washington, still in a rage, rode within a hundred yards of the enemy, "stupefied, immobilized by his seething fury, was heedless. One of his men grabbed the reins of his horse and hurried
Washington
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in 1759. He and
General Clinton disagreed on the point of attack, with Clinton arguing that a landing at King's Bridge would have cut Washington off once and for all. Howe originally wanted to make two landings, one at Kip's Bay and another at Horn's Hook, further north (near modern 90th Street) on
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Despite showing discipline and unity during the evacuation, the army quickly devolved in despair and anger. Large numbers of militia, many of whose summertime enlistments ended in August, departed for home. Leadership was questioned in the ranks, with soldiers openly wishing for the return of the
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General Putnam had come north with some of his troops when the landing began. After briefly conferring with
Washington about the risk of entrapment to his forces in the city, he rode south to lead their retreat. Abandoning supplies and equipment that would slow them down, his column, under the
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Washington was extremely angry with his troops' conduct, calling their actions "shameful" and "scandalous". The
Connecticut militia, who already had a poor reputation, were labeled cowards and held to blame for the rout. However, others were more circumspect, such as General
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for several hours. The meeting came to nothing, as Lord Howe was not authorized to grant terms the
Congressional delegation insisted on. It did, however, postpone the impending British attack, allowing Washington more time to decide if and where to confront the enemy.
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In a September 12 war council, Washington and his generals made the decision to abandon New York City. Four thousand Continentals under General Putnam remained to defend the city and lower Manhattan while the main army moved north to Harlem and
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described as a "grand military exertion". Scouts reported movement in the British army camps but Washington was still uncertain where the British would strike. Late that afternoon, most of the American army had moved north to King's Bridge and
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Washington, uncertain of General Howe's next step, spread his troops thinly along the shores of York Island and the Westchester shore, and actively sought intelligence that would yield clues to Howe's plans. He also ordered an attempt against
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1013:. Howe, who had wanted to capture New York quickly and with minimal bloodshed, considered the invasion a complete success. Not wanting to continue battling with the Americans that day, Howe stopped his troops short of Harlem.
587:. The sparsely-populated center of the island featured a few low hills, principally Indianburg and Crown Heights. Ferry services connected the island to the surrounding lands, with the primary ferry to the mainland of
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in the East River near their position. As the militia at Kip's Bay lay in their ditches, the British ships, anchored 200 yd (180 m) offshore, also lay quiet. The day was oppressively hot. At about 10 am,
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stating Congress's resolution that although New York should not be destroyed, Washington was not required to defend it. Congress had also decided to send a three-man delegation to confer with Lord Howe—
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438:. Skirmishes in the aftermath of the landing resulted in the British capture of some of those militia. British maneuvers following the landing very nearly cut off the escape route of some
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arrived later after a narrow escape made possible by seizing a boat on the Hudson and he too received an excited and enthusiastic greeting, and was even embraced by Washington.
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had erected a crude breastwork on the American line at Kip's Bay, but many of these farmers and shopkeepers were inexperienced and had no muskets. They carried instead homemade
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blades attached to poles. After having been awake all night, and having had little or nothing to eat in the previous twenty-four hours, at dawn they looked over their meager
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Heavy advance fire from British naval forces in the East River caused the inexperienced militia guarding the landing area to flee, allowing the British to land unopposed at
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49:
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719:
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923:, to whom Howe had given the task of making the landing, ordered the crossing to begin. A first wave of more than eighty flatboats carried 4,000 British and
683:, moved up the East River and anchored in the mouth of Newtown Creek. The next day, more transports and flatboats moved up the East River. Three warships—
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and panicked the Connecticut militia. "So terrible and so incessant a roar of guns few even in the army and navy had ever heard before," wrote
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The next day, September 16, there was further fighting when a clash of outposts escalated into a running battle below Washington's lines on
814:, carrying 148 total cannons and accompanied by six troop transport ships. By September 14 the Americans were urgently moving stores of
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meet the East River. After delays due to unfavorable winds, the landing, targeted for Kip's Bay, began on the morning of September 15.
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behind him. On the night of August 29–30, Washington successfully evacuated his entire army of 9,000 troops to York Island (as
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in March 1776. He regrouped there, acquired supplies and reinforcements, and embarked in June on a campaign to gain control of
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The British were welcomed by the remaining New York City population, pulling down the Continental Army flag and raising the
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on the lower half of the island. However, Washington established strong positions on Harlem Heights, which he defended in a
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371:
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927:, standing shoulder to shoulder, left Newtown Cove and entered the waters of the East River, heading towards Kip's Bay.
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had organized significant defenses, on August 22. On August 27, Howe successfully flanked Washington's defenses in the
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in the defensive preparations, a task complicated by the large number of potential landing sites for a British force.
465:, unwilling to risk a costly frontal attack, did not attempt to advance further up the island for another two months.
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at King's Bridge near the northern tip of the island. The island was bordered by two rivers, on the west by the
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Meanwhile, British troops, led by General Howe, were moving north up the east shore of the East River, towards
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forces stationed further southeast on the island. The flight of American troops was so rapid that General
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the eastern shore. He struck the latter option when ship's pilots warned of the dangerous waters of the
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Around eleven, the five warships began a salvo of broadside fire that flattened the flimsy American
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a large meadow for mustering landed troops. Opposite the bay on Long Island, the wide mouth of
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A 1781 British map depicting Manhattan. Kip's Bay is on the East River, labelled "Kepp's Bay".
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early on the morning of September 15, but Washington and his aides determined that it was a
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446:, who was attempting to rally them, was left exposed dangerously close to British lines.
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538:, leaving Washington in a precarious position on the narrow Brooklyn Heights, with the
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General Howe had originally planned a landing for September 13, recalling the date of
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790:. On the afternoon of September 13, major British movement started as the warships
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The operation was a British success. It forced the Continental Army to withdraw to
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he surfaced to orient himself. The payload exploded harmlessly in the East River.
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1040:. The ‘Landing at Kip’s Bay’ placed in overall sequence and strategic context.
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773:. One day later, on September 11, the Congressional delegation arrived on
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and maintained their forces at the north end of the island. Five hundred
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511:. Anticipating that the British would next attack New York, General
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The British Landing at Kip’s Bay, New York Island, 15 September 1776
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On September 10, British troops moved from Long Island to occupy
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1783:
254:
1038:
American Revolutionary War §British New York counter-offensive
632:, the flagship of General Howe's brother and commander of the
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York Island was occupied principally on the southern tip (now
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More and more British soldiers came ashore, including light
830:. Every available horse and wagon was employed in what
974:, a rise west of Kip's Bay), just west of the present
526:
in early July, and made another unopposed landing on
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640:. On September 7, in the first documented case of
461:between the two armies the following day. General
57:by Robert Cleveley, 1777 (Royal Museums Greenwich)
607:, which separated the island from Long Island.
34:
1663:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp.
1442:The First of Men: A life of George Washington
666:. During the night of September 3 the British
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487:military in 1775 and early 1776. At besieged
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8:
522:Howe's troops began an unopposed landing on
1712:. New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks.
1691:. Oxford University Press. pp. 353–6.
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1788:
1780:
810:, moved up the East River and anchored in
579:) by New York City, on the western tip by
419:on September 15, 1776. It occurred on the
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259:
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31:
2169:Washington calls off invasion of New York
1592:. Conshohocken, PA: Combined Publishing.
1085:
1083:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1609:George! A Guide to All Things Washington
1588:Brooks, Victor; Hohwald, Robert (1999).
1367:
1365:
1261:George! A Guide to All Things Washington
27:Action during American Revolutionary War
2009:Battle of Freeman's Farm (1st Saratoga)
1737:Office of the Chief of Military History
1553:
1551:
1549:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1049:
855:, where the Harlem River and waters of
515:moved his army there to assist General
2019:Battle of Bemis Heights (2nd Saratoga)
2014:Battle of Forts Clinton and Montgomery
839:, and Washington followed that night.
2226:Washington's Farewell to His Officers
2195:Washington's Headquarters at Newburgh
769:, a small island at the mouth of the
648:volunteered to pilot the submersible
583:, and in the north by the village of
7:
1102:Brooks, Victor and Hohwald, Robert,
2269:Battles involving the United States
1903:Submarine attack in New York Harbor
1811:New York in the American Revolution
558:. Washington sent a missive to the
675:took advantage of a north-flowing
25:
1635:. Simon & Schuster. pp.
554:colorful and charismatic General
2249:Battles of the New York Campaign
1888:New York and New Jersey campaign
475:New York and New Jersey campaign
284:New York and New Jersey campaign
209:
197:
186:
165:
152:
139:
48:
2264:Battles involving Great Britain
1607:Grizzard, Frank E. Jr. (2005).
848:Battle of the Plains of Abraham
822:, along with American sick, to
427:north of what then constituted
2274:Battles involving Hesse-Kassel
1908:Staten Island Peace Conference
312:Staten Island Peace Conference
1:
2055:Raid on Unadilla and Onaquaga
1446:University of Tennessee Press
898:under the command of Colonel
704:—along with the schooner HMS
1898:New York Prison Ships begin
1867:Capture of Fort Ticonderoga
1830:First Liberty poles erected
1590:How America Fought Its Wars
1104:How America Fought Its Wars
560:Second Continental Congress
503:to withdraw from Boston to
2295:
2035:Setauket Spy Ring launched
875:Admiral Howe sent a noisy
846:'s key landing before the
800:, along with the frigates
779:met with Admiral Lord Howe
483:had not gone well for the
481:American Revolutionary War
472:
417:American Revolutionary War
42:American Revolutionary War
2259:1776 in the United States
2221:British evacuate New York
2144:Battle of Fort St. George
1974:Siege of Fort Ticonderoga
1948:Battle of Fort Washington
1758:Schecter, Barnet (2002).
1731:American Military History
1727:Matloff, Maurice (1969).
1709:General George Washington
1541:American Military History
1117:General George Washington
921:General Sir Henry Clinton
294:
234:
221:
179:
131:
61:
47:
39:
1933:Battle of Valcour Island
1928:Execution of Nathan Hale
1918:Battle of Harlem Heights
1259:Grizzard, Jr., Frank E.
725:On September 5, General
18:Battle of Kip's Bay
2164:runs aground at Montauk
2139:Battle of Klock's Field
2117:Battle of Young's House
2050:Attack on German Flatts
2004:Battle of Staten Island
1761:The Battle for New York
1706:Lengel, Edward (2005).
1493:The Battle for New York
1386:The Battle for New York
1235:The Battle for New York
1169:Battle of Brooklyn 1776
1143:The Battle for New York
1130:The Battle for New York
603:and on the east by the
2101:Boyd and Parker ambush
2065:Cherry Valley massacre
2045:West Point established
1943:Battle of White Plains
1938:Battle of Pell's Point
1923:Great Fire of New York
1655:Fischer, David Hackett
989:
872:
762:
722:
499:camp prompted General
180:Commanders and leaders
2174:Battle of Fort Slongo
2081:Battle of Stony Point
1984:Siege of Fort Stanwix
1893:Battle of Long Island
1851:Battle of Golden Hill
1660:Washington's Crossing
1357:Washington's Crossing
1206:See accompanying map.
993:guidance of his aide
984:
870:
756:
720:General Henry Clinton
718:
636:at New York, Admiral
536:Battle of Long Island
530:, where Washington's
493:arrival of heavy guns
240:12 killed and wounded
235:Casualties and losses
104:40.73639°N 73.97472°W
2040:Battle of Cobleskill
1994:Battle of Bennington
1913:Landing at Kip's Bay
1764:. New York: Walker.
1735:. Washington, D.C.:
914:to see five British
505:Halifax, Nova Scotia
453:, ceding control of
402:Landing at Kip's Bay
35:Landing at Kip's Bay
2216:Newburgh Conspiracy
2179:Battle of Johnstown
2091:Sullivan Expedition
1979:Battle of Fort Anne
1683:Middlekauff, Robert
955:to a safer place."
679:and, towing thirty
109:40.73639; -73.97472
100: /
83:Manhattan, New York
2279:Landing operations
2134:conspiracy exposed
2122:First Purple Heart
2086:Battle of Minisink
1999:Battle of Setauket
1989:Battle of Oriskany
1872:Invasion of Canada
1835:Stamp Act Congress
1688:The Glorious Cause
1425:The Glorious Cause
1300:The Glorious Cause
1145:, pp. 100, 118–127
990:
940:amphibious landing
873:
767:Montresor's Island
763:
723:
708:, sailed into the
644:warfare, Sergeant
589:Westchester County
409:amphibious landing
69:September 15, 1776
2254:Conflicts in 1776
2234:
2233:
2096:Battle of Newtown
1969:Saratoga campaign
1719:978-1-4000-6081-8
1698:978-0-19-516247-9
1627:McCullough, David
1599:978-1-58097-002-0
1167:Gallagher, John.
857:Long Island Sound
759:George Washington
739:Benjamin Franklin
581:Greenwich Village
550:was then known).
542:in front and the
513:George Washington
444:George Washington
413:New York campaign
395:
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362:Delaware crossing
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216:George Washington
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16:(Redirected from
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595:) crossing the
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459:fierce skirmish
398:
397:
396:
391:
372:Assunpink Creek
357:Iron Works Hill
342:Fort Washington
290:
287:
283:
281:
279:
244:
210:
208:
198:
196:
195:
187:
185:
166:
164:
163:
153:
151:
150:
140:
138:
137:
123:British victory
108:
106:
102:
99:
94:
91:
89:
87:
86:
85:
53:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2292:
2290:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2241:
2240:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2124:
2119:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1856:
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1847:
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1815:
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1809:
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1777:
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1604:
1598:
1584:
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1579:
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1545:
1532:
1519:
1506:
1497:
1484:
1471:
1458:
1429:
1416:
1403:
1390:
1377:
1361:
1343:
1330:
1317:
1304:
1291:
1278:
1265:
1252:
1239:
1226:
1217:
1208:
1199:
1186:
1173:
1160:
1147:
1134:
1121:
1108:
1095:
1079:
1061:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1033:
1030:
1026:Harlem Heights
1006:
1003:
966:, and Hessian
948:Samuel Parsons
864:
861:
837:Harlem Heights
812:Bushwick Creek
750:
747:
621:
618:
572:
569:
473:Main article:
470:
467:
451:Harlem Heights
393:
392:
390:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
322:Harlem Heights
319:
314:
309:
301:
295:
292:
291:
280:
278:
277:
270:
263:
255:
247:
246:
241:
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236:
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224:
223:
219:
218:
206:
182:
181:
177:
176:
161:
134:
133:
129:
128:
125:
124:
121:
117:
116:
77:
75:
71:
70:
67:
59:
58:
45:
44:
37:
36:
30:
29:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2291:
2280:
2277:
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2255:
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2250:
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2237:
2227:
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2207:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2078:
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2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1879:
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1868:
1865:
1864:
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1858:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1846:
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1836:
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1823:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1805:
1800:
1798:
1793:
1791:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1773:
1771:0-8027-1374-2
1767:
1763:
1762:
1756:
1752:
1750:0-938289-72-1
1746:
1742:
1738:
1733:
1732:
1725:
1721:
1715:
1711:
1710:
1704:
1700:
1694:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1674:0-19-517034-2
1670:
1666:
1662:
1661:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1646:0-7432-2671-2
1642:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1618:0-9768238-0-2
1614:
1610:
1605:
1601:
1595:
1591:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1573:
1567:
1564:
1561:, pp. 214–215
1560:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1536:
1533:
1530:, pp. 212–213
1529:
1523:
1520:
1517:, pp. 213–214
1516:
1510:
1507:
1501:
1498:
1495:, pp. 184–188
1494:
1488:
1485:
1481:
1475:
1472:
1469:, pp. 211–213
1468:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1433:
1430:
1426:
1423:Middlekauff,
1420:
1417:
1413:
1407:
1404:
1401:, pp. 210–211
1400:
1394:
1391:
1388:, pp. 179–182
1387:
1381:
1378:
1375:, pp. 208–209
1374:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1334:
1331:
1328:, pp. 207–208
1327:
1321:
1318:
1314:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1298:Middlekauff,
1295:
1292:
1288:
1282:
1279:
1276:, pp. 205–206
1275:
1269:
1266:
1262:
1256:
1253:
1250:, pp. 203–204
1249:
1243:
1240:
1237:, pp. 171–174
1236:
1230:
1227:
1221:
1218:
1212:
1209:
1203:
1200:
1196:
1190:
1187:
1184:, pp. 201–202
1183:
1177:
1174:
1170:
1164:
1161:
1158:, pp. 188–191
1157:
1151:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1125:
1122:
1118:
1112:
1109:
1105:
1099:
1096:
1092:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1053:
1050:
1044:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1019:William Heath
1014:
1012:
1004:
1002:
1000:
996:
988:
987:Israel Putnam
983:
979:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
956:
953:
949:
943:
941:
937:
936:Ambrose Serle
933:
928:
926:
922:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
894:
890:
886:
883:ships up the
882:
878:
877:demonstration
869:
862:
860:
858:
854:
849:
845:
840:
838:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
804:
799:
795:
794:
789:
788:King's Bridge
783:
780:
776:
775:Staten Island
772:
768:
760:
755:
748:
746:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
721:
717:
713:
711:
707:
703:
702:
696:
695:
689:
688:
682:
678:
674:
673:
669:
665:
664:King's Bridge
660:
657:
653:
652:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
630:
619:
617:
615:
614:Newtown Creek
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
570:
568:
565:
561:
557:
551:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
524:Staten Island
520:
518:
517:Israel Putnam
514:
510:
509:New York City
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
476:
468:
466:
464:
460:
456:
455:New York City
452:
447:
445:
441:
437:
432:
430:
429:New York City
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
407:
403:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
307:
302:
300:
297:
296:
293:
286:
276:
271:
269:
264:
262:
257:
256:
253:
242:
239:
238:
233:
229:
226:
225:
220:
217:
207:
205:
194:
193:Henry Clinton
184:
183:
178:
174:
173:United States
162:
160:
148:
147:Great Britain
136:
135:
130:
122:
119:
118:
113:
84:
80:
76:
73:
72:
68:
65:
64:
60:
56:
51:
46:
43:
38:
33:
19:
2236:
2161:
1912:
1760:
1730:
1708:
1686:
1658:
1630:
1608:
1589:
1571:
1570:McCullough,
1566:
1558:
1557:McCullough,
1540:
1535:
1527:
1526:McCullough,
1522:
1514:
1513:McCullough,
1509:
1500:
1492:
1487:
1479:
1478:McCullough,
1474:
1466:
1465:McCullough,
1461:
1441:
1432:
1424:
1419:
1411:
1410:McCullough,
1406:
1398:
1397:McCullough,
1393:
1385:
1380:
1372:
1371:McCullough,
1356:
1338:
1337:McCullough,
1333:
1325:
1324:McCullough,
1320:
1312:
1311:McCullough,
1307:
1299:
1294:
1286:
1285:McCullough,
1281:
1273:
1272:McCullough,
1268:
1260:
1255:
1247:
1246:McCullough,
1242:
1234:
1229:
1220:
1211:
1202:
1194:
1193:McCullough,
1189:
1181:
1180:McCullough,
1176:
1168:
1163:
1155:
1154:McCullough,
1150:
1142:
1137:
1132:, pp. 85, 97
1129:
1124:
1116:
1111:
1103:
1098:
1090:
1089:McCullough,
1074:
1073:McCullough,
1057:
1056:McCullough,
1052:
1023:
1015:
1008:
991:
957:
952:John Fellows
944:
929:
885:Hudson River
874:
841:
807:
801:
797:
792:
784:
771:Harlem River
764:
749:Preparations
731:John Hancock
724:
705:
700:
693:
686:
671:
661:
655:
650:
638:Richard Howe
628:
623:
601:Hudson River
597:Harlem River
574:
564:Philadelphia
552:
540:British Army
521:
501:William Howe
478:
463:William Howe
448:
433:
401:
399:
352:Geary Ambush
337:White Plains
327:Pell's Point
316:
305:
245:320 captured
204:Richard Howe
159:Hesse-Cassel
132:Belligerents
54:
40:Part of the
1739:. pp.
1611:. Mariner.
972:Murray Hill
932:breastworks
893:Connecticut
844:James Wolfe
832:Joseph Reed
761:in Brooklyn
556:Charles Lee
528:Long Island
411:during the
299:Long Island
107: /
2243:Categories
1964:Meigs Raid
1581:References
1491:Schecter,
1384:Schecter,
1233:Schecter,
1141:Schecter,
1128:Schecter,
1011:Union Flag
999:Henry Knox
995:Aaron Burr
964:grenadiers
881:Royal Navy
824:Orangetown
818:and other
816:ammunition
757:Statue of
735:John Adams
634:Royal Navy
605:East River
544:East River
469:Background
421:East River
382:Forage War
332:Mamaroneck
243:50 killed
95:73°58′29″W
92:40°44′11″N
1539:Matloff,
1454:Q59297825
1355:Fischer,
1005:Aftermath
889:diversion
853:Hell Gate
808:Carysfort
699:HMS
692:HMS
685:HMS
681:flatboats
642:submarine
627:HMS
609:Kip's Bay
593:the Bronx
571:Geography
548:Manhattan
436:Kip's Bay
425:Manhattan
423:shore of
387:Millstone
377:Princeton
317:Kip's Bay
288:1776–1777
79:Kip's Bay
2162:Culloden
1685:(2005).
1657:(2004).
1629:(2005).
1574:, p. 216
1482:, p. 213
1450:Wikidata
1440:(1988),
1427:, p. 355
1414:, p. 212
1359:, p. 102
1341:, p. 208
1315:, p. 207
1302:, p. 354
1289:, p. 206
1263:, p. 167
1197:, p. 203
1171:, p. 158
1119:, p. 154
1115:Lengel,
1093:, p. 210
1077:, p. 211
1032:See also
985:General
960:infantry
916:warships
828:New York
820:materiel
646:Ezra Lee
620:Planning
495:for the
347:Fort Lee
222:Strength
74:Location
1665:101–106
1637:188–216
1543:, p. 65
1106:, p. 64
912:redoubt
896:militia
863:Landing
803:Orpheus
798:Phoenix
793:Roebuck
694:Repulse
668:frigate
485:British
415:in the
406:British
367:Trenton
2127:Arnold
1768:
1747:
1716:
1695:
1671:
1643:
1615:
1596:
1452:
968:Jägers
908:scythe
741:, and
710:Hudson
687:Renown
651:Turtle
585:Harlem
491:, the
489:Boston
404:was a
306:Turtle
170:
144:
120:Result
2131:André
1045:Notes
904:pikes
706:Tryal
701:Pearl
656:Eagle
629:Eagle
591:(now
227:4,000
2209:1783
2188:1782
2160:HMS
2153:1781
2110:1780
2074:1779
2028:1778
1957:1777
1881:1776
1860:1775
1844:1770
1818:1765
1766:ISBN
1745:ISBN
1714:ISBN
1693:ISBN
1669:ISBN
1641:ISBN
1632:1776
1613:ISBN
1594:ISBN
1572:1776
1559:1776
1528:1776
1515:1776
1480:1776
1467:1776
1412:1776
1399:1776
1373:1776
1339:1776
1326:1776
1313:1776
1287:1776
1274:1776
1248:1776
1195:1776
1182:1776
1156:1776
1091:1776
1075:1776
1058:1776
950:and
806:and
796:and
777:and
697:and
677:tide
672:Rose
479:The
400:The
304:The
66:Date
879:of
654:to
562:in
230:500
2245::
1743:.
1741:65
1667:.
1639:.
1548:^
1448:,
1444:,
1364:^
1346:^
1082:^
1064:^
962:,
942:.
826:,
745:.
737:,
712:.
690:,
431:.
81:,
2129:–
1803:e
1796:t
1789:v
1774:.
1753:.
1722:.
1701:.
1677:.
1649:.
1621:.
1602:.
274:e
267:t
260:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
