Battle of Kontum - Knowledge (XXG)

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night. There was considerable risk that enemy units would break through the lines and capture the city. A new B-52 strike was requested for the base of the penetration. This request was denied by the MACV staff because the intended strike area was too close to a small village shown on the map. After considerable debate and analysis by the advisory staff, Truby remembered a technique taught at Fort Leavenworth and suggested to Bá that the troops at the nose of the penetration be withdrawn 500 yards (460 m) despite the obvious difficulty of such a nighttime maneuver. This would clear the threat to the town. Truby and Bá convinced Vann that if the ARVN forces could be pulled back during the cover of darkness, their safety concerns could be met. The request was approved by II Corps and MACV and the new strike was adjusted by the B-52 in flight while ARVN artillery continued heavy fire to hold enemy forces in place. The strike was delivered on schedule with devastating results as PAVN forces had massed to break the perimeter defense. The attack had been stopped and numerous tanks destroyed. The strike was decisive, for the first time since Tan Canh, the PAVN momentum had been broken. The three weakened PAVN divisions regrouped in the jungle surrounding Kontum.

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battalion that was already very close to their lines. The two forces were now close enough for hand-to-hand combat. Truby called Lt. Col. Tom McKenna, senior advisor to the 44th ARVN Regiment, and told him to pull his men back and to have his troops find deep foxholes. As the hour for the B-52 strike approached, ARVN troops laid down cover fire to allow those in close proximity to the PAVN forces to be pulled back. At the same time the 44th Regiment was holding its own against the PAVN along its perimeter with the aid of AC-130s and helicopters. The two B-52 air strikes were close enough that as McKenna stated, "it was like they came from the center of the earth – just like the bowels of the earth exploding." The PAVN forces pulled back having suffered significant casualties. On 15 May the PAVN attack continued, but the 44th held its positions assisted by tactical air support.

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The PAVN penetrated the base perimeter suffering heavy losses, the remaining U.S. advisers called in airstrikes as the morning fog cleared but by 10:00 the 47th Regiment commander had lost contact with most of his subordinates and the command group evacuated the command bunker for a bunker in the inner perimeter. A T-54 moved into the base and began direct fire on the command post, the two remaining M-41s engaged the T-54, however their 76mm guns had no apparent effect on the T-54 which quickly knocked out both M-41s. A relief column of M-41s supported by infantry arrived from Ben Het around this time, but all the M-41s were knocked out by

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Regiments increased with the 45th facing the heaviest action. Tactical air support was diverted to supporting the regiment. Lt. Col. Grant and Rhotenberry were able to divert two B-52 strikes scheduled for 02:30 on 27 May and this blunted the attack. That same morning the 44th Regiment woke to discover PAVN tank and infantry within their perimeter. The area hadn't been properly secured and T-54 tanks were within 50 yards (46 m) of the bunkers. If these PAVN units breached the 44th's defenses, they could pour into the city. The defenders were able to use M-72 LAW fire to slow the tanks. By dawn,

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have been lost. The 23rd Division's determined defense under the leadership of Bá forced the PAVN forces to compensate by attempting a breakthrough of the perimeter. This exposed them to a decisive strike which killed a great many of their soldiers. Without these two elements, the 23rd Division might not have pulled itself together and successfully resisted three divisions of battle-hardened PAVN soldiers and armor units. Nevertheless, their capabilities and the leadership of Bá were of primary importance

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and at 19:00 the two U.S. advisers at the base were evacuated by helicopter. The ARVN continued to hold for a further 3 days during which time U.S. airpower, including 16 B-52 strikes, was concentrated on the attacking PAVN. On the morning of 9 May the ARVN abandoned the base in the face of a PAVN tank and infantry assault. At Ben Het on 9 May elements of the PAVN 203rd Armored Regiment assaulted the camp. ARVN Rangers destroyed the first three PT-76 tanks with

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third attack the 53rd was pushed from their positions. Throughout that day the 53rd tried to regain their position but the PAVN was now dug in. Rhotenberry, the division's new senior adviser, and Bá decided to pull up nine M-41 tanks and to direct all that fire to the enemy position along with helicopter gunships. The front was restored. Three additional assaults were made in the early morning hours. Each was pushed back after fierce hand-to-hand combat.

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attacked from the south. The ARVN artillery began targeting the T-54 tanks moving down Route 14. This targeting separated the supporting PAVN infantry from their tanks and allowed the ARVN tank killers to do their work. Two T-54s were destroyed by teams with LAWs. The sky was overcast and tactical air support was not able to operate, however,

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celebration cake to the advisers and ARVN commanders for the Kontum victory. Vann had been key in developing a more subtle and flexible approach to the war, one based on winning over the hearts and minds of the local population while using the US military's traditional strengths. His death was a huge loss.

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That same night Vann and his pilot were flying through the mountains. The night was rainy and there were low clouds. The pilot didn't realize his altitude and flew into the hillside. A Vietnamese account stated that the helicopter carrying him was shot down. The purpose of the flight was to deliver a

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The battle see-sawed back and forth on 28 May. The PAVN occupied bunkers and buildings in sections of the city and were too well fortified to be destroyed by air or artillery attacks. However, their ability to launch a sustained attack seemed to be gone. With US and RVNAF air superiority, PAVN troops

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As captured documents stated that the attack would take place at 04:00 on 14 May, Truby suggested to Vann that they order an air strike in preparation. However, the heavy PAVN artillery build up that had signalled attack at Tan Canh and the FSBs was absent. Even so, air support was requested. Another

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tanks with its 105mm cannon. Three T-54s were disabled but later recovered by the PAVN. At midnight the tank column turned towards Tân Cảnh and the ARVN artillery began firing on the column until stopped by PAVN counterbattery fire. Two bridges on the approach to Tân Cảnh were abandoned without being

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The other keys to success, in addition to the B-52 strikes, were the close integration of US advisers and their ARVN counterparts and the moment-to-moment edge provided by aviation units flying in support of the ARVN forces. If the ARVN forces had not been able to hold their ground, the battle would

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From 29 May to 8 June the ARVN forces went bunker to bunker cleaning out the remaining PAVN forces. On 9 June the city of Kontum was declared fully secure by the 23rd Division Commander, Bá, who had been promoted to Brigadier General. The combined efforts of the ARVN troops and US aviation units had

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helicopter fire. B-52 sorties were again used. However the PAVN had years of experience with the B-52s and knew not to mass troops as they had while trying to break the perimeter defense. At 03:45 on 20 May, the 53rd Regiment was attacked by the first of three all-out assaults from the north. On the

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Just before 06:00 on 24 April the PAVN tanks attacked Tân Cảnh in two columns. One column of T-54s attacked the main gate, the other moving to secure the airstrip. The advance of the tanks caused the 900 support troops to panic. The new command bunker was hit by further artillery fire destroying the

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the 22nd Division commander. By midday all five of the M-41 tanks in the base and several more bunkers had been destroyed by the missiles. At 11:00 Vann landed to assess the situation and instructed the U.S. advisers to prepare to escape and evade from the camp. At 19:00 PAVN rocket fire ignited the

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On the night of 16 May the PAVN pushed the 53rd from its positions and the perimeter was partially penetrated. Col. Bá blocked the nose of the penetration by ensuring that the 53rd's reserve force was put in proper location; but he did not want to move an additional blocking force through Kontum at

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and made contact with the advisers who had escaped from the base perimeter. Vann landed and six advisers squeezed into the helicopter while frightened ARVN troops hung onto the skids. The helicopter flew to Đắk Tô II to drop off the passengers and then flew back to Tân Cảnh where they picked up the

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in Pleiku, were dispatched to provide support. The firebases were totally dependent on helicopter support for supplies and ammunition and in spite of the heavy anti-aircraft fire, the helicopters went on the offensive to provide fire support to the FSBs. At one point, the northern part of Delta was

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In the early hours of 25 May, PAVN mortar and artillery fire increased enough to indicate preparation for a major attack. In the southern quadrant, the artillery fire kept the 23rd Division in their bunkers. Under the artillery cover, the PAVN sappers, some dressed in ARVN uniforms, moved into the

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which blocked the avenue for attack on Kontum and to Ben Het Camp which threatened their supply lines. Polei Kleng had been subjected to artillery fire since 24 April, but from midday on 6 May the volume of fire increased dramatically with over 500 rounds systematically destroying the base bunkers

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helicopter #69-15715 landed to evacuate the six U.S. advisers who had been rescued from the Tân Cảnh perimeter, this helicopter was hit by PAVN anti-aircraft fire and crashed, five passengers and crew were killed in the crash while five survived, evaded capture and were recovered up 13 days later.

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The Battle of Kontum, a key success during this period, was virtually ignored in the US. The victory was written off simply as an example of B-52 power. Certainly the hundreds of missions between February and June were a major element of the success, but the PAVN had neutralized this advantage in

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On the ground in Kontum, Colonel John Truby, the acting Senior Advisor for the 23rd (awaiting the arrival of Col. Rhotenberry), had the task of tactical coordination of defense. Outlying units were brought into the city. A perimeter defense of the city and proper defence was implemented. The ARVN

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Since the start of the Easter Offensive at the end of March, the base areas had come under increasing PAVN artillery and rocket fire, which had gone from 20 to 50 rounds per day in March to up to 1000 per day by mid-April. During early April the 47th Regiment withdrew to Đắk Tô II, while the 42nd

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The strike was decisive for the battle, but the PAVN still had superior numbers and quickly began to regroup. During this period, Rhotenberry, the advisor originally assigned to work with Bá, arrived in country. Vann returned Truby to his original job of overseeing other actions within II Corps.

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The PAVN attacked Kontum without the heavy artillery preparation that had been used at Tan Canh and drove straight down Route 14. The 48th PAVN Regiment and 203rd Tank Regiment attacked the city from the northwest. The 28th PAVN Regiment came from the north and the 64th and 141st PAVN Regiments

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On 7/8 February following intelligence showing a PAVN buildup in the area the 22nd Division forward command post, 47th Regiment and supporting units were moved from Ba Gi to the Đắk Tô/Tân Cảnh area. Elements of the 19th Cavalry Regiment were attached to the Division to support its organic 14th

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The PAVN continued their rocket and artillery fire throughout the day. Then at 20:00 on the 14th, the PAVN launched a second attack, putting heavy pressure on the north, west and south. There were two B-52 strikes scheduled and Truby asked Vann if those strikes could be used to target the PAVN

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and recoilless rifle fire and the infantry dispersed. With the failure of this counterattack and the loss of command and control the ARVN forces began to evacuate the base towards the south. As the ARVN attempted to cross the Dak Poko river they came under intense PAVN fire and the senior U.S.

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On 25 April the PAVN mopped up the remaining ARVN positions around Tân Cảnh/Đắk Tô. The 22nd Division had ceased to exist as a fighting unit, the Division commander Col. Đạt and his entire staff had disappeared and the PAVN had captured 23 105mm and seven 155mm howitzers and large supplies of

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was able to destroy nine tanks, two machine guns, and one truck. This effectively stopped the momentum of the attack. Later in the day Bá threw a battalion of the 44th Regiment into the fight. This limited the enemy penetration of the ARVN lines. After dark, attacks on the ARVN 45th and 53rd

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With the loss of Tan Canh, little stood between the PAVN and Kontum. Whether because of logistical issues or lack of leadership, the PAVN did not pursue their advantage. Instead of refilling their tanks and traveling 25 miles to Kontum, the PAVN waited for almost three weeks.

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radio antennas. With the collapse of all command and control on the base, the American advisers abandoned the command bunker and moved to a new position to call in airstrikes, however fog made such airstrikes impossible. At dawn Vann arrived over Tân Cảnh in his

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adviser LTC Robert Brownlee disappeared during this engagement. At 20:00 the 47th Regiment command group attempted to escape the base and by 04:30 on 25 April after losing several men to PAVN fire escaped the base perimeter and were recovered the following day.

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Vann took direct control of the ARVN II Corps forces. The remaining FSBs were evacuated. Du was ordered to Saigon and replaced by Major General Toàn. Vann also coordinated the replacement of the 22nd with the 23rd ARVN Division under the command of Colonel

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captured document indicated the attack had been moved back to 04:30, again, no attack occurred. Finally the defenders realized that PAVN intelligence would be operating on Hanoi time. At 05:30 as predicted, the attack began.

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for his actions in 2022. The attacks on the firebases continued as April wore on. Finally on 21 April, FSB Delta was taken by the PAVN. Several of the other bases had to be given up soon after with heavy casualties.

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remaining three advisers, however the helicopter was swarmed by panicky ARVN and crashed on takeoff. Another helicopter came in and picked up Vann, his pilot and the three advisers and flew them to

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and this was followed by a direct hit on the 42nd Regiment command bunker injuring the senior U.S. Adviser and several of the ARVN commanders and severely undermining the confidence of Colonel

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in the North, Nguyen Hue being a hero of Vietnamese resistance against the Chinese in 1789. The Easter Offensive would make use of fourteen divisions and would be the largest in the war.

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indicated that the time had come for large-scale conventional offensives that could end the war quickly. The resulting offensive, planned for the spring of 1972, would be known as the

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missiles, thereby breaking up the attack. The Rangers spent the rest of the day stabilising the perimeter ultimately destroying 11 tanks and killing over 100 PAVN.

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policy, there were no American divisional forces in the Central Highlands, only advisers and U.S. aviation units including Air Cavalry helicopter units from the

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During the next two weeks, the ARVN and PAVN forces tested each other. The ARVN forces responded to artillery attacks with their own artillery or by calling in

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overrun by elements of the 320th Division. Vann, already in the area for an air rescue, was able to direct attacks on the PAVN soldiers entering the base with

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plus B3 Front's combat units equaled another division, the 203rd Armor Regiment, and local Viet Cong forces under the command of Lt. Gen. Hoàng Minh Thảo.

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crews were still able to destroy two T-54 tanks. With helicopters to neutralize the tanks, the ARVN infantry was able to stop the advance of the PAVN.

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ammunition and stores. With the loss of the main camps, the remaining firebases along Rocket Ridge were abandoned and the PAVN had a clear approach to

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On 6 June, the PAVN's B3 Front Command mobilized their last reserve unit, the 66th Regiment to cover the withdrawal of all remaining within the town.

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began soon after. The North Vietnamese knew that if they could capture Kontum and the Central Highlands, they would cut South Vietnam in half.

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There were two factors that persuaded North Vietnam that all out assaults of this kind could be successful. First, due to President Nixon's

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along the border as a logistical artery for years. The mountainous terrain and the jungle were a shield against American air attack.

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Regiment and one Battalion of the 41st Regiment were at Tân Cảnh supported by armor and artillery. In addition ARVN Airborne and

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In the early morning of 26 May, the PAVN attacked the 23rd Division from the north with tank/infantry teams. At first light,

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took the 2nd airborne brigade out of Kontum, once the 6th Ranger Group arrived to fill the gap a day before.

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On 14 April, following a rocket and artillery barrage, the 320th Division attacked Firebase Charlie (

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One hour after the main PAVN attack on Tân Cảnh commenced, the PAVN began their attack on Đắk Tô. A

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soldiers, believing that the T-54 tanks were unstoppable, were trained on how to attack them using

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Second, the North Vietnamese had persuaded the Soviets and Chinese to provide 400

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destroyed. The ARVN organised hunter-killer teams and these destroyed two tanks.

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The 1972 Easter Offensive/Nguyen Hue Campaign began with a massive attack on the

4121:"Kontum: The Battle to Save South Vietnam." University Press of Kentucky, 2011. 522: 30: 3991: 3973: 3660:

could not receiving adequate food and supplies from their bases in the jungle.

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helicopters arrived from Pleiku. The dense smoke obscured the action but the

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which was regarded as the most likely direction of a PAVN armored attack.

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At 21:00 a column of 18 PAVN tanks was spotted in the area, an Air Force

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occupied a string of firebases along Rocket Ridge. On 23 April, the PAVN

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Trial By Fire: The 1972 Easter Offensive, America's Last Vietnam Battle

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On 4 April 1972, the PAVN launched an early morning attack against

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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

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started their attack on Tân Cảnh by hitting the ARVN tanks with

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defenders were forced to abandon the base that night. Major

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A Bright Shining Lie: John Paul Vann and America in Vietnam

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large part by using the jungle and attacking at night.

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gunships. The PAVN attack was stopped in its tracks.

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South Vietnamese soldiers man a bunker in Kontum city

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In early May the PAVN turned their attention to the

3699: 3697: 3264:against the equivalent of two PAVN divisions, the 446:(PAVN estimate) 41,000 killed, wounded or captured 4220:Battles and operations of the Vietnam War in 1972 3993:Indochina Monographs The Easter offensive of 1972 3486:gunship arrived at 23:00 and began to engage the 3439:. The armored units would be deployed forward at 3478:Kontum dispositions in Easter 1972 - early April 23: 3918:The Vietnam Experience: South Vietnam on Trial 500: 8: 4079:. Department of the Army. pp. 215–217. 3427:In early 1972 the ARVN 42nd Regiment of the 4180:Video of 1st Combat Aerial TOW Team actions 3916:Fulghum, David; Maitland, Terrence (1984). 4028:"Information on Helicopter UH-1H 69-15715" 3920:. Boston Publishing Company. p. 116. 3603:helicopters had arrived on the scene from 507: 493: 485: 20: 4230:Battles and operations of the Vietnam War 4077:Mounted Combat In Vietnam Vietnam Studies 3985: 3983: 3943: 3941: 3939: 3937: 3911: 3909: 3907: 3905: 3903: 3999:. U.S. Army Center of Military History. 3884:Kontum: Battle for the Central Highlands 3583:UH-1 armed with TOW missiles, 2 May 1972 4030:. Vietnam Helicopter Pilots Association 3799: 3797: 3795: 3793: 3791: 3789: 3787: 3785: 3783: 3781: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3765: 3763: 3761: 3759: 3757: 3755: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3747: 3745: 3693: 3743: 3741: 3739: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3731: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3587:On 13 May 1st Combat Aerial TOW Team ( 467:During the Central Highlands campaign: 444:During the Central Highlands campaign: 4185:World in Action feature on the battle 4006:from the original on August 13, 2020. 3886:. Project CHECO. 1972. pp. 88–9. 3667:finally stopped the massive assault. 3343:air attacks that February and March. 3078:Bo De River, Nha Trang, Tha Cau River 7: 3244:The Battle for Kontum would pit the 385:B3's combat units equaled a division 4210:Battles involving the United States 3302:tanks before the spring offensive. 118:South Vietnamese and U.S. victory 14: 3347:Attacks on the Fire Support Bases 3310:North Vietnam had been using the 4091: 4008: 3888: 3819: 393: 363: 350: 339: 319: 299: 269: 218: 177: 158: 145: 133: 37: 3435:Cavalry Regiment equipped with 3246:Army of the Republic of Vietnam 388:203rd Armor Regiment (30 tanks) 3256:under the command of Lt. Gen. 16:Part of the Vietnam War (1972) 1: 3952:. Random House. p. 754. 1694:New Year's Day battle of 1968 469:(U.S. estimate) 20,000–40,000 4160:Resources in other libraries 3858:. Hippocrene Books. p. 3423:Map showing the PAVN attacks 3335:, the civilian "general" of 3206:decided that its victory in 1759:Joint General Staff Compound 1749:Cholon and Phu Tho Racetrack 1091:Thayer, Irving and Thayer II 4235:History of Kon Tum province 4052:. MIA Facts. Archived from 3976:. Battle of Kontum website. 3431:was stationed at Tân Cảnh. 3415:Loss of Tân Cảnh and Đắk Tô 1687:Tet Offensive and aftermath 4251: 3990:Ngo, Quang Truong (1980). 3237:and provincial capital of 3128:Lists of allied operations 4215:Battles involving Vietnam 4155:Resources in your library 3281:7/17 Air Cavalry Squadron 2560:Cambodia and Mekong Delta 530: 416: 261: 170: 126: 47: 36: 28: 3227:People's Army of Vietnam 3202:began in mid-1971, when 2143:DMZ Campaign (1969–1971) 2136:Vietnamization 1969–1971 1378:Malheur I and Malheur II 412:675th Artillery Regiment 4225:May 1972 events in Asia 3636:buildings south of the 656:Dương Liễu – Nhông Pass 410:40th Artillery Regiment 3948:Sheehan, Neil (1988). 3852:Andrade, Dale (1995). 3619:Final attack on Kontum 3584: 3479: 3424: 1764:Bien Hoa and Long Binh 287:23rd Infantry Division 282:22nd Infantry Division 171:Commanders and leaders 91:14.35611°N 108.00778°E 4075:Starry, Donn (1978). 3582: 3477: 3471:base ammunition dump 3422: 3214:in the South and the 3208:Operation Lam Son 719 2965:Tan Son Nhut Air Base 2301:Montgomery Rendezvous 2184:Massachusetts Striker 1754:Tan Son Nhut Air Base 688:American intervention 417:Casualties and losses 3709:cuuchienbinhtphcm.vn 3260:and later Maj. Gen. 3216:Nguyen Hue Offensive 1140:Tan Son Nhut airbase 518:Military engagements 3527:Joint General Staff 3525:. On 25 April, the 3382: / 3233:and a third to the 3198:The lead-up to the 2612:Paris Peace Accords 2392:Pennsylvania Square 2046:Phase III Offensive 1941:Landing Zone Center 1055:Baton Rouge Victory 96:14.35611; 108.00778 86: / 55:2 May – 1 July 1972 4119:McKenna, Thomas P. 3585: 3480: 3425: 3386:14.576°N 107.778°E 3317:The ARVN bases at 3223:Demilitarized Zone 2726:Fall of Phnom Penh 2385:Cambodian campaign 441:howitzers captured 4200:Conflicts in 1972 4141:Library resources 4113:Secondary Sources 4056:on 8 January 2015 3312:Ho Chi Minh Trail 3235:Central Highlands 3193: 3192: 2739:Mayaguez incident 2433:Firebase O'Reilly 2315:Campbell Streamer 2025:Pocahontas Forest 896:Buddhist Uprising 792:Masher/White Wing 483: 482: 370:Military Region 5 326:Airborne Division 122: 121: 4242: 4175:Battle of Kontum 4146:Battle of Kontum 4101: 4095: 4094: 4090: 4072: 4066: 4065: 4063: 4061: 4046: 4040: 4039: 4037: 4035: 4024: 4018: 4012: 4011: 4007: 4005: 3998: 3987: 3978: 3977: 3970: 3964: 3963: 3945: 3932: 3931: 3913: 3898: 3892: 3891: 3887: 3880: 3874: 3873: 3849: 3843: 3842: 3835: 3829: 3823: 3822: 3818: 3816: 3814: 3809: 3801: 3720: 3719: 3717: 3715: 3701: 3559:Polei Kleng Camp 3469: 3437:M-41 light tanks 3397: 3396: 3394: 3393: 3392: 3387: 3383: 3380: 3379: 3378: 3375: 3252:and (later) the 3212:Easter Offensive 3200:Battle of Kontum 3000:Naval operations 2927:Proud Deep Alpha 2620:War of the flags 2604:The Vinh wiretap 2554:Easter Offensive 2289:Pipestone Canyon 2252:Washington Green 1957:Concordia Square 1897:Burlington Trail 1836:Truong Cong Dinh 525: 519: 509: 502: 495: 486: 398: 397: 396: 368: 367: 355: 354: 346:17th Air Cavalry 344: 343: 324: 323: 314:6th Ranger Group 304: 303: 274: 273: 257: 246:Nguyễn Mạnh Quân 238:John G. Hill Jr. 233: 223: 222: 209: 202: 182: 181: 163: 162: 151: 149: 148: 139: 137: 136: 110: 109: 107: 106: 105: 103: 98: 97: 92: 87: 84: 83: 82: 79: 49: 48: 41: 24:Battle of Kontum 21: 4250: 4249: 4245: 4244: 4243: 4241: 4240: 4239: 4205:1972 in Vietnam 4190: 4189: 4171: 4166: 4165: 4164: 4149: 4148: 4144: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4104: 4092: 4087: 4074: 4073: 4069: 4059: 4057: 4048: 4047: 4043: 4033: 4031: 4026: 4025: 4021: 4009: 4003: 3996: 3989: 3988: 3981: 3972: 3971: 3967: 3960: 3947: 3946: 3935: 3928: 3915: 3914: 3901: 3889: 3882: 3881: 3877: 3870: 3851: 3850: 3846: 3837: 3836: 3832: 3820: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3803: 3802: 3723: 3713: 3711: 3703: 3702: 3695: 3690: 3673: 3638:Kontum Airfield 3621: 3577: 3572: 3535: 3463: 3417: 3391:14.576; 107.778 3390: 3388: 3384: 3381: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3369: 3368: 3349: 3308: 3262:Nguyễn Văn Toàn 3196: 3195: 3194: 3189: 3116:Paracel Islands 2811:Rolling Thunder 2479:Toan Thang 1/71 2453:Jefferson Glenn 2329:Nantucket Beach 2060:Champaign Grove 1990:Mameluke Thrust 1854:My Lai Massacre 1508:Wheeler/Wallowa 1296:The Hill Fights 1023:John Paul Jones 1017:Minh Thanh Road 815:Suoi Bong Trang 620:Quyet Thang 202 534:Guerrilla phase 526: 517: 515: 513: 479:tanks destroyed 470: 465: 464:tanks destroyed 459: 453: 450:In this battle: 442: 432: 426: 423:In this battle: 411: 409: 403: 394: 392: 362: 349: 348: 338: 337: 318: 311:2nd Ranger Grp. 298: 268: 251: 247: 245: 243:Hoàng Minh Thảo 235: 229: 217: 216: 205: 196: 191: 188:Nguyễn Văn Toàn 176: 157: 146: 144: 143: 134: 132: 101: 99: 95: 93: 89: 88: 85: 80: 77: 75: 73: 72: 71: 42: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4248: 4246: 4238: 4237: 4232: 4227: 4222: 4217: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4192: 4191: 4188: 4187: 4182: 4177: 4170: 4169:External links 4167: 4163: 4162: 4157: 4151: 4150: 4139: 4138: 4137: 4136: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4103: 4102: 4086:978-1780392462 4085: 4067: 4041: 4019: 3979: 3965: 3958: 3933: 3926: 3899: 3875: 3868: 3844: 3830: 3721: 3692: 3691: 3689: 3686: 3672: 3669: 3620: 3617: 3576: 3573: 3571: 3568: 3534: 3531: 3416: 3413: 3408:Medal of Honor 3353:Firebase Delta 3348: 3345: 3333:John Paul Vann 3307: 3304: 3277:Vietnamization 3254:23rd Divisions 3191: 3190: 3188: 3187: 3182: 3177: 3172: 3167: 3162: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3142: 3137: 3124: 3123: 3118: 3113: 3106: 3099: 3092: 3087: 3080: 3075: 3072:Deckhouse Five 3068: 3061: 3056: 3049: 3042: 3035: 3030: 3023: 3021:Gulf of Tonkin 3018: 2996: 2995: 2988: 2981: 2974: 2967: 2962: 2955: 2946: 2939: 2930: 2923: 2916: 2909: 2902: 2895: 2888: 2881: 2874: 2869: 2862: 2855: 2850: 2843: 2836: 2833:Combat Skyspot 2829: 2822: 2815: 2806: 2799: 2792: 2785: 2778: 2771: 2764: 2757: 2746:Air operations 2742: 2741: 2736: 2733:Fall of Saigon 2729: 2722: 2715: 2710: 2703: 2688: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2672: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2627: 2622: 2607: 2606: 2601: 2600: 2599: 2594: 2587: 2582: 2577: 2572: 2567: 2562: 2544: 2543: 2538: 2531: 2526: 2519: 2518: 2517: 2509:Middlesex Peak 2505: 2498: 2489: 2488: 2487: 2475: 2472:Cuu Long 44-02 2468: 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Duffy 3401: 3395: 3365: 3363: 3358: 3357:Camp Holloway 3354: 3346: 3344: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3315: 3313: 3305: 3303: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3284: 3282: 3278: 3273: 3271: 3270:2nd Divisions 3267: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3242: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3219: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3204:North Vietnam 3201: 3186: 3183: 3181: 3178: 3176: 3173: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3163: 3161: 3158: 3156: 3153: 3151: 3148: 3146: 3143: 3141: 3138: 3136: 3133: 3132: 3131: 3130: 3129: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3111: 3107: 3105: 3104: 3103:Custom Tailor 3100: 3098: 3097: 3093: 3091: 3088: 3086: 3085: 3081: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3073: 3069: 3067: 3066: 3062: 3060: 3057: 3055: 3054: 3050: 3048: 3047: 3043: 3041: 3040: 3036: 3034: 3031: 3029: 3028: 3024: 3022: 3019: 3016: 3015: 3010: 3009: 3005: 3004: 3003: 3002: 3001: 2994: 2993: 2992:Frequent Wind 2989: 2987: 2986: 2982: 2980: 2979: 2975: 2973: 2972: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2960: 2956: 2954: 2953: 2952: 2951:Linebacker II 2947: 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2985:Eagle Pull 2959:Homecoming 2847:Shed Light 2768:Ranch Hand 2685:Phước Long 2675:Thượng Đức 2660:Svay Rieng 2645:Ap Da Bien 2529:Long Khánh 2406:Elk Canyon 2371:Texas Star 2210:Maine Crag 2191:Wayne Grey 2073:Thượng Đức 1744:US Embassy 1726:Coronado X 1644:Manchester 1516:Coronado V 1467:Hood River 1433:The Slopes 1362:Kingfisher 1341:Prairie IV 1327:Prairie II 1209:Enterprise 1113:Shenandoah 971:Lam Son II 915:Birmingham 213:Lý Tòng Bá 194:Lê Đức Đạt 100: ( 81:108°0′28″E 78:14°21′22″N 4134:711989000 4060:8 January 4034:8 January 3714:31 August 3671:Aftermath 3110:End Sweep 2853:Thanh Hoa 2826:Arc Light 2803:Iron Hand 2754:Farm Gate 2713:Phan Rang 2650:Quang Duc 2535:Chenla II 2308:Utah Mesa 2079:Maui Peak 1803:Hop Tac I 1776:Quảng Trị 1665:Muscatine 1586:Lancaster 1563:MacArthur 1550:Ong Thanh 1427:Concordia 1385:Kole Kole 1309:Con Thien 1290:Manhattan 1099:Attleboro 978:Hawthorne 957:Hardihood 929:Austin IV 902:Xa Cam My 784:Van Buren 681:Dong Xoai 614:Kien Long 609:Long Dinh 554:Đồng Khởi 458:destroyed 431:destroyed 292:U.S. MACV 4001:Archived 3400:Airborne 3337:II Corps 3319:Tân Cảnh 3121:East Sea 3090:Đồng Hới 3084:Sealords 3017:stations 2978:New Life 2971:Babylift 2872:Yen Vien 2719:Xuân Lộc 2655:Tri Phap 2630:Hồng Ngự 2625:Cửa Việt 2570:Loc Ninh 2460:Tailwind 2439:Chenla I 2106:Hat Dich 2067:Vinh Loc 1963:Kham Duc 1911:Delaware 1867:Carentan 1795:Lo Giang 1718:Lang Vei 1707:Khe Sanh 1651:Saratoga 1628:Napoleon 1607:Santa Fe 1453:Coronado 1420:Billings 1399:Union II 1371:Crockett 1355:Kentucky 1250:Suoi Tre 1202:Pershing 1134:Geronimo 1062:Amarillo 1048:Long Tan 1037:Colorado 1011:Hastings 984:Hill 488 889:Jackstay 882:Fillmore 828:Harrison 821:New York 770:Marauder 742:Ia Drang 729:Gang Toi 699:Starlite 661:Qui Nhơn 645:Binh Gia 634:Nam Dong 597:Hiep Hoa 548:Biên Hòa 404:~40,000 294:advisors 276:II Corps 60:Location 3552:M72 LAW 3533:Prelude 3449:Rangers 3300:Type 59 3292:T-34-85 3248:(ARVN) 3180:1973–74 2878:Niagara 2761:Chopper 2680:Phú Lộc 2670:Duc Duc 2342:LZ Kate 2295:Binh Ba 2204:Ben Het 2171:2nd Tet 2052:Duc Lap 2012:Binh An 1874:Pegasus 1824:Patrick 1817:Houston 1781:Bến Tre 1739:Da Nang 1636:Phoenix 1579:Osceola 1530:Bolling 1406:Dragnet 1348:Buffalo 1320:Hickory 1269:Lejeune 1188:Gadsden 1146:Fairfax 1120:Atlanta 1030:Prairie 964:Wahiawa 950:El Paso 908:Georgia 875:Lincoln 809:Mastiff 717:Plei Me 712:An Ninh 706:Piranha 671:Sông Bé 592:Go Cong 572:Sunrise 560:Chopper 477:Type 59 231:† 207:† 4143:about 4132: 4125: 4083: 3956: 3924: 3866: 3570:Battle 3523:Kontum 3502:Pleiku 3497:OH-58A 3484:AC-130 3323:Đắk Tô 3298:, and 3258:Ngô Du 3239:Kontum 3231:Saigon 3011:& 3008:Yankee 2866:Popeye 2585:Kontum 2575:An Lộc 2541:Nui Le 1946:An Bao 1931:Dai Do 1860:Walker 1830:Tam Kỳ 1788:Coburg 1700:McLain 1679:Auburn 1600:Neosho 1570:Dak To 1537:Medina 1479:Benton 1221:Bribie 1181:Desoto 1083:Seward 1043:Duc Co 861:Oregon 676:Ba Gia 666:Ka Nak 639:An Lao 586:Ấp Bắc 579:Shufly 227: 203: 184:Ngô Du 150: 138: 115:Result 102:Kontum 65:Kontum 4004:(PDF) 3997:(PDF) 3808:(PDF) 3509:UH-1H 3468:] 3362:Cobra 3296:T-54s 3288:PT-76 3266:320th 3059:PIRAZ 3014:Dixie 2913:Patio 2610:Post- 2485:Snuol 2006:Robin 1614:Essex 1523:Kunia 1493:Swift 1413:Akron 1283:Baker 1276:Union 1245:Ap Gu 1004:Macon 868:Texas 855:A Sau 777:Crimp 626:USNS 462:PT-76 452:~1000 439:155mm 435:105mm 425:1000+ 256:] 201:] 4130:OCLC 4123:ISBN 4081:ISBN 4062:2015 4036:2015 3954:ISBN 3922:ISBN 3864:ISBN 3815:2024 3716:2024 3488:T-54 3341:B-52 3321:and 3268:and 3250:22nd 3185:1975 3175:1972 3170:1971 3165:1970 3160:1969 3155:1968 3150:1967 3145:1966 3140:1965 3135:1964 2906:Menu 2859:Bolo 2547:1972 2018:Thor 1158:1967 1069:Byrd 842:Utah 763:1966 723:Hump 692:1965 628:Card 541:Laos 475:and 473:T-54 456:T-54 437:, 7 429:M-41 52:Date 3860:368 1770:Hue 1313:DMZ 1053:SS 997:Jay 603:34A 471:24 433:23 427:15 4196:: 3982:^ 3936:^ 3902:^ 3862:. 3724:^ 3707:. 3696:^ 3640:. 3504:. 3466:vi 3329:. 3294:, 3290:, 460:5 454:8 400:VC 254:vi 199:vi 67:, 4100:. 4089:. 4064:. 4038:. 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