518:, where it was displayed to the local populace. Meanwhile, the Lusitanians who had escaped the battle rallied many of their tribal members and attacked the forces of Gaius Didius, who had set up a camp near the coast. Provoking Didius to sally out from his camp by setting fire to his landed ships, the Lusitanians ambushed and killed him and many of his men. Those who survived fled to their remaining ships and escaped to the sea. After Munda and Gnaeus Pompeius' death, Julius Caesar believed the Pompeians to be completely defeated in Spain, and consequently left only few forces there to mop up the remaining resistance when returning to
506:, actually managed to escape, but not Gnaeus Pompeius himself. Unable to walk due to his wounds and not transportable by horse or litter because of the local terrains' inaccessibility, he could not flee quickly enough and together with several of his followers remained behind. With many Pompeians either gone or killed, the Caesarians then launched a renewed assault against the Pompeian position and overran the remaining defenders. Gnaeus Pompeius fled into a cave, but was discovered after some captives betrayed his hiding place, and, despite his wounds, fought to the death.
499:
well defendable wooded hill near the town of Lauro, but they were discovered by a local, who reported them to the
Caesarians. As result, Pompeius and his men were surrounded. The Caesarians, under command of Lucius Caesennius Lento, began to attack the Pompeian positions, but thanks to the natural conditions, the defenders were able to repulse multiple assaults. Thus thwarted, Lento's forces settled down to besiege and starve out the Pompeians. Recognizing this, the defenders resolved to try to break through the siege.
490:, heard of the Pompeians' escape, and promptly set off in pursuit. Having left Carteia in great haste, Pompeius' men had not brought enough drinking water and thus were soon forced to land, allowing Didius to catch up with them after four days of sailing. The Caesarians attacked the Pompeian fleet at anchor, capturing some vessels and burning the rest, consequently trapping Pompeius and his followers in southern Spain.
486:. The town was already embroiled in factional strife between local Pompeians and Caesarians, however, with the latter eventually launching a revolt, during which Gnaeus Pompeius was again wounded. The situation quickly turned against the Pompeians, whereupon they decided to board their remaining navy of twenty ships and escape to the sea. The Caesarian naval commander Gaius Didius, who was stationed at
39:
498:
The
Pompeians then attempted to flee over land, constantly pursued and harassed by Caesarian forces. In course of the flight, Pompeius the Younger was once more wounded, this time in the shoulder and left leg, so that his men had to carry him on a litter. The Pompeians eventually took refuge at a
209:
502:
When the
Pompeians began their breakout attempt, heavy and brutal fighting ensued, with the escaping defenders suffering heavy casualties. Several Pompeians, many of them
850:
202:
840:
195:
845:
443:
126:
550:
is generally disputed, with
Christoph F. Konrad even saying that Lauro might never have existed in the first place, instead being an invention of
470:, the Pompeians were cornered at a wooded hill near the town of Lauro, where most of them, including Pompeius the Younger, were killed in battle.
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successfully evaded the
Caesarian pursuers and actually rebuilt the Pompeian armies. By the time
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835:
547:
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558:. A notable exception to this is M. Hadas, who argues that the battle took place near
829:
779:
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451:
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778:
Lowe, Benedict J. (2002). "Sextus
Pompeius and Spain: 46-44 BC". In Anton Powell;
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38:
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by sea, but was eventually forced to land. Pursued by
Caesarian forces under
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in 44 BC, he had reconquered most of southern Spain for the
Pompeian cause.
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487:
515:
483:
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767:
757:
551:
447:
744:
by
William Alexander McDevitte and W. S. Bohn, published in 1869.
554:. Most Historians, however, agree that the battle took place in
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43:
The battle probably took place in the mountainous hinterland of
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Pompeius the
Younger's head was then cut off and brought to
462:, the younger Pompeius unsuccessfully attempted to flee
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762:Roman History. The Civil Wars, Book 2
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522:. Unlike his older brother, however,
482:, the badly wounded Pompeius fled to
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841:Battles involving the Roman Republic
719:
707:
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819:University of North Carolina Press
458:. After being defeated during the
14:
546:The identification of Lauro with
772:Epitome of Roman history, Book 2
37:
318:Caesar's invasion of Macedonia
169:Much fewer than the Caesarians
47:. Pictured is the area around
1:
846:Battles of Caesar's civil war
809:Konrad, Christoph F. (1994).
400:Caesar's invasion of Africa
815:Chapel Hill, North Carolina
450:, against the followers of
444:Gnaeus Pompeius the Younger
127:Gnaeus Pompeius the Younger
877:
856:1st century BC in Hispania
229:
173:
166:Many infantry and cavalry
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100:
59:
36:
28:
528:Caesar was assassinated
468:Lucius Caesennius Lento
302:Macedonia and Illyricum
122:Lucius Caesennius Lento
752:Roman History, Book 42
448:Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus
116:Commanders and leaders
456:civil war of 49–45 BC
174:Casualties and losses
78:(possibly modern-day
811:Plutarch's Sertorius
737:De Bello Hispaniensi
794:. pp. 65–102.
792:Duckworth Overlook
748:Lucius Cassius Dio
221:Caesar's civil war
31:Caesar's Civil War
722:, pp. 66–70.
640:Dio Cass. 42.40.2
564:Hispania Citerior
556:Hispania Ulterior
464:Hispania Ulterior
429:
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186:
185:
153:, including many
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92:Caesarian victory
67:Early April 45 BC
45:Hispania Ulterior
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734:Unknown author,
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460:Battle of Munda
436:Battle of Lauro
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357:Alexandrian war
261:Massilia (land)
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51:, not far from
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24:Battle of Lauro
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16:Battle in 45 BC
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628:, p. 156.
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524:Sextus Pompey
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419:Hippo Regius
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132:
101:Belligerents
861:Last stands
742:translation
720:Lowe (2002)
708:Lowe (2002)
614:Lowe (2002)
504:Lusitanians
454:during the
328:Dyrrhachium
155:Lusitanians
830:Categories
574:References
478:After the
474:Background
440:last stand
362:Alexandria
249:Brundisium
107:Caesarians
510:Aftermath
446:, son of
352:Nicopolis
338:Pharsalus
276:Tauroento
244:Corfinium
111:Pompeians
49:Algámitas
782:(eds.).
560:Valencia
516:Hispalis
396:Bagradas
161:Strength
72:Location
29:Part of
484:Carteia
414:Thapsus
409:Ascurum
404:Ruspina
308:Curicta
291:Corduba
281:Carteia
239:Rubicon
179:Unknown
146:Unknown
133:†
798:
788:London
768:Florus
758:Appian
552:Florus
494:Battle
385:Africa
379:Apamea
333:Gomphi
323:Oricum
313:Tauris
266:Ilerda
129:
89:Result
76:Lauro
836:45 BC
534:Notes
488:Gades
391:Utica
296:Lauro
286:Munda
255:Spain
233:Italy
182:Heavy
151:Munda
796:ISBN
520:Rome
434:The
374:Zela
367:Nile
64:Date
562:in
442:of
832::
817::
813:.
790::
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689:^
673:^
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597:^
581:^
821:.
804:.
774:.
764:.
754:.
566:.
211:e
204:t
197:v
82:)
55:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
