136:
91:
148:
125:
104:
34:
556:
632:
had not requested negotiations and that he had no proposals to make. Dismissing this as a ploy to gain time, the Greek commander ordered the resumption of the offensive at 14:00. At 22:00, however, the same
Ottoman envoy appeared, carrying a letter of surrender signed by the officers of the Ottoman garrison. Syrmakezis ordered an immediate cessation of hostilities, and the instrument of surrender of the Ottoman garrison was signed at 08:00 on the next day.
501:, and proceeded to establish a naval blockade of the Straits. With the Ottoman fleet confined behind the Daradanelles, the Greeks were left with complete control of the Aegean Sea, and began occupying the Ottoman-ruled Aegean islands. Most of these islands had few or no troops, apart from the larger islands of
568:
main part of the fleet left the island, leaving behind only the cruiser squadron and two destroyers. Prior to his departure, Kountouriotis formed a militia composed of local Greeks and appointed K. Melas as its commander. At the same time, the
Ottoman troops, some 1,500–2,000 men, withdrew to a camp at
631:
On the next morning, both columns were ordered to launch their attack on Filia, but almost as soon as the Greek advance began, an
Ottoman envoy appeared requesting an armistice for negotiations. This was granted, but when the Ottoman commander, Major Abdul Ghani, appeared at 11:00, he claimed that he
623:
3 December]. By the night of the next day, they had reached the villages of Dafia and Agia
Paraskevi respectively. As Syrmakezis wanted both columns to hit Filia simultaneously, he ordered the northern column halt for a day, while the advance of the southern column continued the next day, only to
567:
8 November] 1912, and
Kountouriotis issued an ultimatum to the local Ottoman commander, requesting his surrender. After negotiations, the Ottoman garrison was given time to evacuate the city, which was promptly occupied by the Greek forces. After this was accomplished, Kountouriotis with the
618:
1 December], Syrmakezis had some 3,175 men and eight field guns at his disposal (although some 300 naval infantry served in police duties in the rear). This force was divided in two columns, a southern one at the village of Lambou Myloi and a northern one at Thermi. The two columns began their
470:
Ottoman–Venetian wars. The large majority of the island's population remained Greek
Christian, although there was a significant Muslim population accounting for up to a fifth of the total, who lived throughout the island. Relations between the two communities were generally good, and Lesbians were
475:, and the island was relatively wealthy from trade, exporting many agricultural goods of its own, as well as benefiting from its geographical location on the major shipping routes. This prosperity also contributed to the island not participating in the
528:
and eastern
Macedonia. Τhe Greek government feared that Bulgaria may use Lesbos as a bargaining chip during the course of future peace negotiations. An ad hoc force was assembled for capturing Lesbos: naval infantry detachments were gathered at
659:. Nevertheless, the Ottoman Empire was not reconciled to their loss, and a naval arms race followed, leading to a crisis in summer 1914 in which a new Greco-Turkish war appeared imminent; the crisis ended only through the outbreak of the
587:
9 November]. For the moment, the Greeks at
Mytilene, some 1,600 men, remained passive, advancing only a few smaller detachments to the interior as a covering force. A small naval infantry force was sent to capture
509:. The Ottoman garrison numbered 3,600 men, of whom 1,600 were professional soldiers, with the rest being irregulars and drafted Christians, commanded by Major Abdul Ghani Pasha whose headquarters were based in
643:
The fate of the Aegean islands captured by Greece during the First Balkan War was the subject of prolonged diplomatic negotiations, as the
Ottomans initially refused to cede them. Finally, in the
607:
to capture Chios further south. With the forces on the island manifestly insufficient to complete its capture, the Greek general headquarters sent reinforcements in the form of 2nd
Battalion/
579:
During the course of the Battle of Lesbos, the Ottomans perpetrated a series of massacres against the local Greek Christian population. The most notable was the massacre of the Christians in
520:
and forces could be spared for a serious assault. With rumours of a cease-fire circulating in late November, the speedy capture of these islands became imperative. Another factor was
211:
624:
be stopped by strong Ottoman resistance near the Leimonas Monastery. The southern column still faced stiff resistance and made slow progress on 19 December [
1229:
547:
20 November] 1912, the landing force were joined on the way by a newly raised reservist infantry battalion (15 officers and 1,019 men) from Athens.
204:
1219:
1133:
1083:
1056:
197:
280:
1209:
234:
1224:
1033:
1014:
991:
317:
611:, additional naval infantry, and six mountain guns, and placed the operation under the command of Colonel Apollodoros Syrmakezis.
1075:
1165:
467:
463:
1214:
506:
1244:
625:
620:
615:
593:
584:
564:
544:
534:
462:, the island remained continuously under Ottoman rule until 1912, disrupted only by brief Venetian occupations in the
608:
516:
As a result, the Greeks delayed moving against Chios and Lesbos until operations were concluded on the main front in
285:
1239:
1234:
1111:
265:
1102:
476:
260:
438:
651:, who in the event would cede them to Greece in February 1914, apart from the two closest to the Dardanelles,
628:
6 December], but the northern column enjoyed rapid success, reaching the outskirts of Filia by nightfall.
543:, along with some light naval artillery and two machine guns. Setting sail for Lesbos on 7 November [
1204:
644:
490:
384:
344:
140:
604:
364:
245:
33:
275:
354:
334:
250:
487:
129:
569:
521:
498:
240:
680:
517:
379:
349:
312:
297:
255:
555:
1151:
1129:
1079:
1052:
1029:
1010:
987:
597:
573:
471:
often bilingual in both Greek and Turkish. The port of Mytilene was one of the busiest in the
446:
418:
369:
339:
329:
302:
135:
95:
90:
572:, some 50 kilometres (31 mi) northwest of Mytilene. The camp, erected during the recent
1121:
483:
406:
389:
307:
270:
221:
25:
660:
153:
679:
The cession of Lesbos and the other islands to Greece was not finalized until the 1923
1106:
1098:
434:
374:
147:
109:
1198:
1125:
580:
410:
583:, whose houses were set aflame by the retreating Ottoman forces on 22 November [
1094:
648:
664:
1001:
Gianoulopoulos, Giannis (1999). "Εξωτερική πολιτική" [Foreign policy].
559:
Proclamation issued by Rear Admiral Kountouriotis on the occupation of Mytilene
530:
472:
449:
1180:
1167:
1155:
1150:]. Athens: Hellenic Army General Staff, Army History Directorate. 1987.
1067:
635:
The capture of Lesbos cost the Greeks nine killed and 81 wounded in action.
442:
603:, but rough seas prevented a landing, and it was instead re-routed to the
510:
459:
39:
563:
The landing force arrived at Mytilene on 07:00 on 21 November [
656:
589:
619:
gradual advance towards the Ottoman camp at Filia on 16 December [
1007:
History of Greece in the 20th Century, Volume I: Beginnings 1900–1922
652:
525:
494:
430:
414:
63:
189:
1003:Ιστορία της Ελλάδας του 20ού αιώνα, Τόμος Α′: Οι Απαρχές 1900-1922
554:
505:
and Lesbos; the latter was garrisoned by the 2nd Battalion of the
502:
193:
830:
828:
826:
824:
712:
710:
984:
Defeat in Detail: The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913
811:
809:
807:
805:
803:
1072:
TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 30 (Misra – Muhammedi̇yye)
1026:
The Balkan Wars, 1912–1913: Prelude to the First World War
1009:]. Vol. 2. Athens: Vivliorama. pp. 107–147.
405:
took place from 21 November – 21 December 1912 during the
790:
788:
763:
761:
647:, the fate of the islands was placed in the hands of the
697:
695:
670:
entered Ottoman service in August 1914, she was renamed
614:
After the reinforcements arrived on 14 December [
486:
in October 1912, the Greek fleet under Rear Admiral
576:, was well supplied with provisions and munitions.
452:family that had ruled it for over a century. Named
1045:Η Ελλάς κατά τους Βαλκανικούς Πολέμους (1912-1913)
1144:Επίτομη Ιστορία των Βαλκανικών Πολέμων 1912-1913
18:
1078:, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 11–14.
966:
954:
942:
671:
453:
205:
8:
1148:Concise History of the Balkan Wars 1912–1913
1120:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 1035–1037.
918:
906:
894:
882:
858:
834:
815:
752:
1112:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
409:, resulting in the capture of the eastern
212:
198:
190:
32:
15:
870:
846:
794:
779:
767:
1051:] (in Greek). Athens: Peritechnon.
691:
154:
716:
701:
1049:Greece in the Balkan Wars (1912–1913)
7:
1230:Battles involving the Ottoman Empire
930:
740:
728:
14:
1126:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_5180
146:
134:
123:
102:
89:
74:Greek victory, capture of Lesbos
1220:Battles of the First Balkan War
596:10 November] on board the
54:21 November – 21 December 1912
1:
292:Serbian and Montenegrin front
982:Erickson, Edward J. (2003).
1043:Kargakos, Sarandos (2012).
986:. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
533:and boarded on the cruiser
1261:
1210:1912 in the Ottoman Empire
1076:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
676:in token of these claims.
663:. When the German cruiser
1024:Hall, Richard C. (2000).
482:With the outbreak of the
477:Greek War of Independence
437:since 1462, when it was
231:
184:Ottoman garrison captured
175:
162:
116:
82:
46:
31:
23:
1225:Battles involving Greece
1074:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
493:the strategic island of
933:, pp. 71, 101–102.
497:at the entrance of the
1066:Kiel, Machiel (2005).
672:
609:19th Infantry Regiment
560:
507:18th Infantry Regiment
454:
433:had been ruled by the
141:Apollodoros Syrmakezis
117:Commanders and leaders
1215:Amphibious operations
1181:39.21000°N 26.28000°E
1028:. London: Routledge.
719:, pp. 1036–1037.
558:
176:Casualties and losses
38:Greek troops land at
1245:November 1912 events
592:on 23 November [
524:'s rapid advance in
488:Pavlos Koundouriotis
181:9 killed, 81 wounded
130:Pavlos Kountouriotis
1177: /
1093:Soucek, S. (1991).
969:, pp. 143–144.
967:Gianoulopoulos 1999
955:Gianoulopoulos 1999
945:, pp. 120–123.
943:Gianoulopoulos 1999
909:, pp. 123–124.
897:, pp. 122–123.
873:, pp. 194–195.
861:, pp. 121–122.
782:, pp. 157–158.
755:, pp. 119–120.
499:Dardanelles Straits
458:after its capital,
152:Abdul Ghani (
1186:39.21000; 26.28000
681:Treaty of Lausanne
561:
42:, 21 November 1912
1240:History of Lesbos
1235:Conflicts in 1912
1135:978-90-04-08112-3
1085:978-975-389-402-9
1058:978-960-8411-26-5
731:, pp. 12–13.
605:ongoing operation
598:auxiliary cruiser
574:Italo-Turkish War
419:Kingdom of Greece
398:
397:
188:
187:
78:
77:
1252:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1182:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1159:
1139:
1089:
1062:
1039:
1020:
997:
970:
964:
958:
952:
946:
940:
934:
928:
922:
916:
910:
904:
898:
892:
886:
880:
874:
868:
862:
856:
850:
844:
838:
832:
819:
813:
798:
792:
783:
777:
771:
765:
756:
750:
744:
738:
732:
726:
720:
714:
705:
699:
675:
645:Treaty of London
551:Fight for Lesbos
539:and the steamer
484:First Balkan War
457:
407:First Balkan War
403:Battle of Lesbos
226:
224:
223:First Balkan War
214:
207:
200:
191:
156:
151:
150:
139:
138:
128:
127:
126:
112:
108:
106:
105:
94:
93:
48:
47:
36:
26:First Balkan War
19:Battle of Lesbos
16:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1195:
1194:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1176:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1142:
1136:
1099:Bosworth, C. E.
1092:
1086:
1065:
1059:
1042:
1036:
1023:
1017:
1000:
994:
981:
978:
973:
965:
961:
953:
949:
941:
937:
929:
925:
919:Επίτομη Ιστορία
917:
913:
907:Επίτομη Ιστορία
905:
901:
895:Επίτομη Ιστορία
893:
889:
883:Επίτομη Ιστορία
881:
877:
869:
865:
859:Επίτομη Ιστορία
857:
853:
845:
841:
835:Επίτομη Ιστορία
833:
822:
816:Επίτομη Ιστορία
814:
801:
793:
786:
778:
774:
766:
759:
753:Επίτομη Ιστορία
751:
747:
739:
735:
727:
723:
715:
708:
704:, p. 1036.
700:
693:
689:
661:First World War
641:
553:
427:
399:
394:
235:Bulgarian Front
227:
222:
220:
218:
145:
133:
132:
124:
122:
103:
101:
100:
88:
66:
37:
12:
11:
5:
1258:
1256:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1205:1912 in Greece
1197:
1196:
1161:
1160:
1140:
1134:
1103:van Donzel, E.
1090:
1084:
1063:
1057:
1040:
1034:
1021:
1015:
998:
992:
977:
974:
972:
971:
959:
957:, p. 123.
947:
935:
923:
921:, p. 125.
911:
899:
887:
885:, p. 122.
875:
863:
851:
849:, p. 193.
839:
837:, p. 121.
820:
818:, p. 123.
799:
797:, p. 194.
784:
772:
770:, p. 157.
757:
745:
733:
721:
706:
690:
688:
685:
640:
637:
552:
549:
479:in 1821–1829.
435:Ottoman Empire
429:The island of
426:
423:
396:
395:
393:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
321:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
289:
288:
283:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
232:
229:
228:
219:
217:
216:
209:
202:
194:
186:
185:
182:
178:
177:
173:
172:
169:
165:
164:
160:
159:
143:
119:
118:
114:
113:
110:Ottoman Empire
98:
85:
84:
80:
79:
76:
75:
72:
68:
67:
62:
60:
56:
55:
52:
44:
43:
29:
28:
21:
20:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1257:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1193:
1190:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1113:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1087:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1064:
1060:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1035:0-415-22946-4
1031:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1016:960-8087-02-3
1012:
1008:
1004:
999:
995:
993:0-275-97888-5
989:
985:
980:
979:
975:
968:
963:
960:
956:
951:
948:
944:
939:
936:
932:
927:
924:
920:
915:
912:
908:
903:
900:
896:
891:
888:
884:
879:
876:
872:
871:Kargakos 2012
867:
864:
860:
855:
852:
848:
847:Kargakos 2012
843:
840:
836:
831:
829:
827:
825:
821:
817:
812:
810:
808:
806:
804:
800:
796:
795:Kargakos 2012
791:
789:
785:
781:
780:Erickson 2003
776:
773:
769:
768:Erickson 2003
764:
762:
758:
754:
749:
746:
743:, p. 13.
742:
737:
734:
730:
725:
722:
718:
713:
711:
707:
703:
698:
696:
692:
686:
684:
682:
677:
674:
669:
668:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
638:
636:
633:
629:
627:
622:
617:
612:
610:
606:
602:
599:
595:
591:
586:
582:
577:
575:
571:
566:
557:
550:
548:
546:
542:
538:
537:
532:
527:
523:
519:
514:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
489:
485:
480:
478:
474:
469:
465:
461:
456:
451:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
424:
422:
420:
416:
412:
411:Aegean island
408:
404:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
345:Pente Pigadia
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
330:Lemnos Island
328:
327:
326:
325:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
295:
294:
293:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
238:
237:
236:
230:
225:
215:
210:
208:
203:
201:
196:
195:
192:
183:
180:
179:
174:
170:
167:
166:
161:
157:
149:
144:
142:
137:
131:
121:
120:
115:
111:
99:
97:
92:
87:
86:
81:
73:
70:
69:
65:
61:
58:
57:
53:
50:
49:
45:
41:
35:
30:
27:
22:
17:
1162:
1147:
1143:
1117:
1110:
1071:
1048:
1044:
1025:
1006:
1002:
983:
962:
950:
938:
926:
914:
902:
890:
878:
866:
854:
842:
775:
748:
736:
724:
678:
666:
649:Great Powers
642:
634:
630:
613:
600:
578:
562:
540:
535:
515:
481:
428:
402:
400:
359:
323:
322:
291:
290:
246:Kirk Kilisse
233:
83:Belligerents
24:Part of the
1184: /
1107:Pellat, Ch.
717:Soucek 1991
702:Soucek 1991
335:Sarantaporo
324:Greek front
286:2nd Çatalca
266:1st Çatalca
251:Lule Burgas
1199:Categories
1172:26°16′48″E
1169:39°12′36″N
1116:Volume VI:
687:References
531:Mudros Bay
473:Aegean Sea
450:Gattilusio
441:by Sultan
425:Background
281:Adrianople
1095:"Midilli"
1068:"Midilli"
931:Hall 2000
741:Kiel 2005
729:Kiel 2005
665:SMS
639:Aftermath
601:Makedonia
518:Macedonia
445:from the
443:Mehmed II
439:conquered
241:Kardzhali
1156:51846788
1118:Mahk–Mid
1109:(eds.).
522:Bulgaria
460:Mytilene
350:Sorovich
313:Monastir
298:Kumanovo
261:Kaliakra
256:Merhamli
163:Strength
59:Location
40:Mytilene
976:Sources
673:Midilli
667:Breslau
657:Tenedos
590:Plomari
536:Averoff
511:Molyvos
455:Midilli
447:Genoese
417:by the
380:Korytsa
370:Driskos
340:Yenidje
318:Scutari
1154:
1132:
1105:&
1082:
1055:
1032:
1013:
990:
653:Imbros
541:Pelops
526:Thrace
495:Lemnos
491:seized
468:Second
431:Lesbos
415:Lesbos
390:Bizani
385:Lemnos
360:Lesbos
355:Himara
308:Prilep
276:Şarköy
271:Bulair
107:
96:Greece
71:Result
64:Lesbos
1146:[
1097:. In
1047:[
1005:[
581:Petra
570:Filia
503:Chios
464:First
365:Chios
171:3,600
168:3,175
1152:OCLC
1130:ISBN
1080:ISBN
1053:ISBN
1030:ISBN
1011:ISBN
988:ISBN
655:and
626:O.S.
621:O.S.
616:O.S.
594:O.S.
585:O.S.
565:O.S.
545:O.S.
466:and
401:The
375:Elli
303:Lumë
51:Date
1122:doi
413:of
155:POW
1201::
1128:.
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1061:.
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213:e
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199:v
158:)
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