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given the French
General staff sixteen lines to the German frontier against thirteen available to the German army and the French could wait until German intentions were clear. The French deployment was intended to be ready for a German offensive in Lorraine or through Belgium. It was anticipated that the Germans would use reserve troops but also expected that a large German army would be mobilised on the border with Russia, leaving the western army with sufficient troops only to advance through Belgium, south of the Meuse and the Sambre rivers. French intelligence had obtained a 1905 map exercise of the German general staff, in which German troops had gone no further north than Namur and assumed that plans to besiege Belgian forts were a defensive measure against the Belgian army.
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1107:(Western Army). The main German force would still advance through Belgium and attack southwards into France, the French armies would be enveloped on the left and pressed back over the Meuse, Aisne, Somme, Oise, Marne and Seine, unable to withdraw into central France. The French would either be annihilated or the manoeuvre from the north would create conditions for victory in the centre or in Lorraine on the common border.
1137:
armies were to concentrate between Épinal and Verdun opposite Alsace and
Lorraine, the Fifth Army was to assemble from Montmédy to Sedan and Mézières and the Fourth Army was to be held back west of Verdun, ready to move east to attack the southern flank of a German invasion through Belgium or south against the northern flank of an attack through Lorraine. No formal provision was made for combined operations with the
1258:(6.2–7.5 mi) was made. At dusk the 26th Division of the XIII Corps attacked Cirey and was engaged by artillery and machine-guns, which repulsed the French with many casualties. On 15 August, the Second Army reported that German long-range artillery had been able to bombard the French artillery and infantry undisturbed and that dug-in German infantry had inflicted many casualties on the French as they attacked.
1273:) close to the advanced French troops and that a counter-offensive was imminent. On 16 August, the Germans opposed the advance with long-range artillery-fire and on 17 August, the First Army reinforced the advance on Sarrebourg. When the Germans were found to have left the city, Joffre ordered the Second Army to incline further to the north, which had the effect of increasing the divergence of the French armies.
286:
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invader but it would also need fortifications for defence, which were on the frontier. A school of thought wanted a return to a frontier deployment, in line with French theories of the offensive. Belgian plans became a compromise in which the field army concentrated behind the Gete river, with two divisions forward at Liège and Namur.
1287:
During 22 August, the right flank was attacked and driven back 25 km (16 mi) from the position that the offensive had begun on 14 August. The First Army withdrew but managed to maintain contact with the Second Army. Between 24 and 26 August, both French armies repelled the German offensive at the
1062:
German strategy had given priority to offensive operations against France and a defensive posture against Russia since 1891. German planning was determined by numerical inferiority, the speed of mobilisation and concentration and the effect of the vast increase of the power of modern weapons. Frontal
1215:
from Lucy to Château Salins and
Moerchingen and the XXI Corps mobilised around Dieuze on 10 August and moved a brigade of the 42nd Division to Igney, as a flank guard for the I Bavarian Corps. On 11 August a French night attack was repulsed but events in the Vosges led to the I Bavarian Corps moving
1167:
closed. On 1 August, the
British government ordered the mobilisation of the navy, the German government ordered general mobilisation and declared war on Russia. Hostilities commenced on the Polish frontier, the French government ordered general mobilisation and next day the German government sent an
1136:
A German attack from south-eastern
Belgium towards Mézières and a possible offensive from Lorraine towards Verdun, Nancy and St. Dié was anticipated; the plan was a development of Plan XVI and made more provision for the possibility of a German offensive through Belgium. The First, Second and Third
1093:
succeeded
Schlieffen in 1906 and was less certain that the French would conform to German assumptions. Moltke adapted the deployment and concentration plan, to accommodate an attack in the centre or an enveloping attack from both flanks as variants to the plan, by adding divisions to the left flank
1286:
A German counter-attack on 20 August, forced separate battles on the French armies, which were defeated and retreated in disorder. The German pursuit was slow and
Castelnau was able to occupy positions east of Nancy and extend the right wing towards the south, to regain touch with the First Army.
1132:
with groups of
Reserve divisions attached to each army and a group of reserve divisions on the flanks. The armies were to concentrate opposite the German frontier around Épinal, Nancy and Verdun–Mezières, with an army in reserve around Ste. Ménéhould and Commercy. Since 1871, railway building had
1025:
were left to secure the frontiers. On mobilisation, the King became
Commander-in-Chief and chose where the army was to concentrate. Amid the disruption of the new rearmament plan, the disorganised and poorly trained Belgian soldiers would benefit from a central position to delay contact with an
1257:
Despite warnings from Joffre against divergence, the army was required to advance towards the Vosges passes to the south-east, eastwards towards Donon and north-east towards
Sarrebourg. German troops withdrew during the day, Donon was captured and on the left flank, an advance of 10–12 km
1186:
and the British government guaranteed naval protection for French coasts. On 3 August, the Belgian Government refused German demands and the British Government guaranteed military support to Belgium, should Germany invade. Germany declared war on France, the British government ordered general
999:
Belgian military planning was based on the assumption that other powers would uphold Belgian neutrality by expelling an invader. The likelihood of a German invasion did not lead the Belgian government to see France and Britain as potential allies nor did it intend to do more than protect its
1086:
devised a plan to evade the French frontier fortifications with an offensive on the northern flank with a local numerical superiority. By 1898–1899, such a manoeuvre was intended to rapidly pass through Belgium, between Antwerp and Namur and threaten Paris from the north.
55:
450:
3197:
1254:, as a flank guard against a German attack from Metz. The First Army had captured several passes further south since 8 August, to protect the southern flank as the army advanced to Donon and Sarrebourg.
3212:
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972:, for an offensive in the north through Luxembourg and Belgium into France, supplemented with attacks in the south to prevent the French from transferring troops to the greater threat in the north.
1004:(1904) had led the Belgians to perceive that the British attitude to Belgium had changed and that they would fight to protect Belgian independence. A General Staff was formed in 1910 but the
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attacks were expected to be costly and protracted, leading to limited success, particularly after the French and Russians modernised their fortifications on the frontiers with Germany.
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228:
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1908:
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The Second Army had to attack methodically after artillery preparation but managed to push back the Germans. Intelligence reports identified a main line of resistance of the German
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Moranville began planning for the concentration of the army and met railway officials on 29 July. Belgian troops were to be massed in central Belgium, in front of the
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1519:. Germany's Western Front: Translations from the German Official History of the Great War. Vol. I. Part 1. Waterloo, Canada: Wilfrid Laurier University Press.
278:
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1010:, Lieutenant-Général Harry Jungbluth was retired on 30 June 1912 and not replaced by Lieutenant-General Chevalier de Selliers de Moranville until May 1914.
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1713:
1936:
1194:. Belgium severed diplomatic relations with Germany and Germany declared war on Belgium. German troops crossed the Belgian frontier and attacked Liège.
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mobilisation and Italy declared neutrality. On 4 August, the British government sent an ultimatum to Germany which expired at midnight on
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621:
545:
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2403:
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1946:
1845:
720:
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3723:
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3003:
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2145:
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1822:
1810:
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1246:) advanced on the left of the First Army. One corps and the Second Group of Reserve Divisions advanced slowly towards
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2019:
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2907:
1207:
The 6th Army deployed in the XXI and XVI corps areas from the Vosges north to Metz, the III Corps arriving from
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2014:
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ultimatum to Belgium, demanding passage through Belgian territory and German troops crossed the frontier of
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808:
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636:
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356:
39:
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2004:
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in 1911, the French had been told that six divisions could be expected to operate around Maubeuge.
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402:
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and moving to the border from Beux to Béchy and Rémilly, the II Bavarian Corps deployed from
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1954:
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375:
311:
47:
1234:
The main French offensive in the south began on 14 August, when the First Army (General
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200:
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1498:
The Marne, 1914: The Opening of World War I and the Battle that Changed the World
3245:
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1697:
1588:
324:
1239:
1173:
1169:
105:
92:
3040:
2807:
1545:
1125:
Under Plan XVII, the French peacetime army was to form five field armies of
1116:
955:
307:
1238:) advanced with two corps into the Vosges and two corps north-east towards
1157:
the German government sent an ultimatum to Russia and announced a state of
3300:
1247:
292:
1517:
Der Weltkrieg: 1914 The Battle of the Frontiers and Pursuit to the Marne
1053:
84:
1540:. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents. London: HMSO.
963:
947:
1163:
during the day; the Turkish government ordered mobilisation and the
3468:
1275:
1223:
1045:
990:
61:
French infantry surprised by the Germans while cooking at Saarburg
1479:
Pyrrhic victory: French Strategy and Operations in the Great War
428:
1670:
432:
328:
1666:
1339:
1337:
1242:, as the two right-flank corps of the Second Army (General
1441:
1439:
1426:
1424:
1141:(BEF) but joint arrangements had been made and during the
1291:
and regained the line of 14 August by early September.
1172:. Military operations began on the French frontier,
3753:
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3613:
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2553:
2480:
2381:
2285:
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2182:
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2116:
1990:
1979:
1945:
1917:
1879:
1831:
1784:
1777:
938:(14 August – 7 September 1914) was a battle on the
954:had completed their mobilisation, the French with
1564:. The First World War. Vol. I. Oxford: OUP.
2643:Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers
32:
1415:
1355:
1682:
1403:
444:
340:
63:(20-21 August 1914, illustration by P. Halke)
19:For the World War II Battle of Lorraine, see
8:
1304:
1158:
1102:
1005:
1534:Skinner, H. T.; Stacke, H. Fitz M. (1922).
1481:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press.
3820:Battles of the Western Front (World War I)
3516:
3225:
3130:
3070:
2179:
1987:
1781:
1689:
1675:
1667:
1657:6th Army order of battle 20–22 August 1914
451:
437:
429:
347:
333:
325:
29:
306:Lorraine, in the modern French region of
3830:Battles of World War I involving Germany
2932:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary
1391:
1379:
1367:
1343:
3825:Battles of World War I involving France
3309:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
1445:
1430:
1333:
1094:opposite the French frontier, from the
1457:
3262:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia
2598:Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele)
7:
3666:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
1515:Humphries, M. O.; Maker, J. (2013).
1313:in the 6th Army during August, with
1281:French withdrawal, 20–23 August 1914
1017:ready to face any border, while the
1007:Chef d'État-Major Général de l'Armée
3595:Ottomans against the Triple Entente
2389:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes
1662:Morhange–Sarrebourg, 20 August 1914
1216:quickly to Eyweiler and Sieweiler.
987:Belgian Army order of battle (1914)
2328:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes
1121:French Army order of battle (1914)
1042:German Army order of battle (1914)
966:into Germany and the Germans with
958:, to conduct an offensive through
14:
1652:Battle of the Frontiers: Lorraine
1271:Crown Prince Rupprecht of Bavaria
2691:Second Battle of the Piave River
2313:Russian invasion of East Prussia
1101:expected to be mobilised in the
285:
284:
277:
233:
222:
211:
199:
188:
177:
156:
141:
54:
3762:Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo
2962:Lithuanian Wars of Independence
1289:Battle of the Trouée de Charmes
184:Konrad Krafft von Dellmensingen
3585:Austria-Hungary against Serbia
3444:Deportations from East Prussia
3241:1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia
1091:Helmuth von Moltke the Younger
314:was part of the German empire.
1:
3855:Military history of Grand Est
3496:Ukrainian Canadian internment
1370:, pp. 190, 172–173, 178.
1203:German offensive preparations
1126:
1095:
3651:Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement
2950:Estonian War of Independence
2618:Southern Palestine offensive
1176:was bombarded by the German
995:Western Front, 2 August 1914
358:Battle of the Frontiers 1914
3605:USA against Austria-Hungary
3004:Turkish War of Independence
2956:Latvian War of Independence
2681:Treaty of Bucharest of 1918
2272:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo
1317:In the 7th Army there were
1139:British Expeditionary Force
1023:Fortified Position of Namur
1019:Fortified Position of Liège
1015:National redoubt of Belgium
921:Western Front tactics, 1917
3871:
3688:Treaties of Brest-Litovsk
3236:1899–1923 cholera pandemic
2696:Second Battle of the Marne
2583:Second battle of the Aisne
2452:Second Battle of Champagne
2293:German invasion of Belgium
1537:Principal Events 1914–1918
1500:. New York: Random House.
1416:Humphries & Maker 2013
1356:Humphries & Maker 2013
1114:
1035:
984:
18:
3794:
3469:Assyrian genocide (Sayfo)
2998:Irish War of Independence
2741:Armistice of Villa Giusti
2726:Battle of Vittorio Veneto
2338:First Battle of the Marne
1704:
1404:Skinner & Stacke 1922
468:
366:
272:
267:
262:
245:
170:
133:
67:
53:
37:
3621:Constantinople Agreement
2914:Armenian–Azerbaijani War
2777:Co-belligerent conflicts
2746:Second Romanian campaign
2716:Third Transjordan attack
2427:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive
2333:Battle of Grand Couronné
3684:Modus vivendi of Acroma
3636:Bulgaria–Germany treaty
2944:Greater Poland Uprising
2844:National Protection War
2721:Meuse–Argonne offensive
2671:German spring offensive
2666:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
2442:Siege of Novogeorgievsk
2417:Second Battle of Artois
2298:Battle of the Frontiers
1229:Battle of the Frontiers
809:German spring offensive
40:Battle of the Frontiers
3709:Paris Peace Conference
3697:Ukraine–Central Powers
3491:Massacres of Albanians
3459:Late Ottoman genocides
3266:Bulgarian occupations
2974:Third Anglo-Afghan War
2938:Hungarian–Romanian War
2756:Naval Victory Bulletin
2751:Armistice with Germany
2701:Hundred Days Offensive
2628:Battle of La Malmaison
2578:Second battle of Arras
2545:Battle of Transylvania
2399:Second Battle of Ypres
2267:Sarajevo assassination
2156:South African Republic
1595:. London: Hutchinson.
1305:
1303:used records from the
1283:
1231:
1159:
1143:Second Moroccan Crisis
1103:
1059:
1006:
996:
171:Commanders and leaders
3719:Treaty of St. Germain
3692:Russia–Central Powers
3646:Sykes–Picot Agreement
3474:Pontic Greek genocide
3449:Destruction of Kalisz
3425:Eastern Mediterranean
2986:Polish–Lithuanian War
2768:Armistice of Belgrade
2731:Armistice of Salonica
2661:Operation Faustschlag
2608:Third Battle of Oituz
2530:Baranovichi offensive
2498:Lake Naroch offensive
2472:Battle of Robat Karim
2447:Vistula–Bug offensive
2422:Battles of the Isonzo
2353:First Battle of Ypres
1619:. London: Constable.
1560:Strachan, H. (2001).
1279:
1227:
1192:Central European Time
1165:London Stock Exchange
1130: 2,000,000 men,
1076:Oberste Heeresleitung
1065:Alfred von Schlieffen
1049:
994:
310:. From 1871 to 1919,
263:Casualties and losses
16:Battle of World War I
3714:Treaty of Versailles
3430:Mount Lebanon famine
3345:in the United States
3313:Russian occupations
3027:Turkish–Armenian War
2968:Polish–Ukrainian War
2908:Ukrainian–Soviet War
2855:Central Asian Revolt
2638:Armistice of Focșani
2368:Battle of Sarikamish
2318:Battle of Tannenberg
1714:Military engagements
1099: 1,700,000 men
1072:German General Staff
1002:Anglo-French Entente
916:French Army mutinies
911:1914 Christmas truce
681:Hohenzollern Redoubt
302:class=notpageimage|
206:Josias von Heeringen
195:Rupprecht of Bavaria
3781:They shall not pass
3704:Treaty of Bucharest
3661:Treaty of Bucharest
3600:USA against Germany
3577:Declarations of war
3281:German occupations
3194:British casualties
3053:Soviet–Georgian War
2980:Egyptian Revolution
2920:Armeno-Georgian War
2784:Somaliland campaign
2736:Armistice of Mudros
2613:Battle of Caporetto
2603:Battle of Mărășești
2573:Zimmermann telegram
2568:February Revolution
2513:Battle of the Somme
2437:Bug-Narew Offensive
2412:Battle of Gallipoli
2404:Sinking of the RMS
2196:Scramble for Africa
2190:Franco-Prussian War
1846:Sinai and Palestine
1593:The First World War
1496:Herwig, H. (2009).
1460:, pp. 217–218.
1418:, pp. 120–121.
1394:, pp. 195–198.
1346:, pp. 209–211.
1155:31 July – 1 August,
1149:Declarations of war
905:Associated articles
622:Hartmannswillerkopf
482:Invasion of Belgium
102: /
3850:August 1914 events
3741:Treaty of Lausanne
3656:Paris Economy Pact
3590:UK against Germany
3520:Entry into the war
3486:Urkun (Kyrgyzstan)
3205:Ottoman casualties
3015:Franco-Turkish War
2895:Post-War conflicts
2879:Russian Revolution
2861:Invasion of Darfur
2826:Kelantan rebellion
2814:Kurdish rebellions
2790:Mexican Revolution
2623:October Revolution
2588:Kerensky offensive
2563:Capture of Baghdad
2540:Monastir offensive
2525:Brusilov offensive
2363:Battle of Kolubara
2202:Russo-Japanese War
1642:Battle of Lorraine
1616:The Guns of August
1358:, pp. 66, 69.
1284:
1232:
1060:
1000:independence. The
997:
936:Battle of Lorraine
33:Battle of Lorraine
3845:Conflicts in 1914
3807:
3806:
3790:
3789:
3774:The Golden Virgin
3768:Mutilated victory
3749:
3748:
3729:Treaty of Trianon
3724:Treaty of Neuilly
3631:Damascus Protocol
3504:
3503:
3464:Armenian genocide
3421:Allied blockades
3393:Belgian refugees
3176:
3175:
3086:Strategic bombing
3062:
3061:
3047:Franco-Syrian War
3021:Greco-Turkish War
3009:Anglo-Turkish War
2992:Polish–Soviet War
2926:German Revolution
2902:Russian Civil War
2885:Finnish Civil War
2711:Battle of Megiddo
2686:Battle of Goychay
2633:Battle of Cambrai
2593:Battle of Mărăști
2508:Battle of Jutland
2488:Erzurum offensive
2343:Siege of Przemyśl
2323:Siege of Tsingtao
2308:Battle of Galicia
2238:Second Balkan War
2226:Italo-Turkish War
2183:Pre-War conflicts
2169:
2168:
2059:Portuguese Empire
1975:
1974:
1937:German New Guinea
1919:Asian and Pacific
1626:978-0-333-69880-8
1602:978-0-09-180178-6
1571:978-0-19-926191-8
1526:978-1-55458-373-7
1507:978-1-4000-6671-1
1488:978-0-674-01880-8
1448:, pp. 62–63.
1433:, pp. 60–61.
1319:32,054 casualties
1311:34,598 casualties
1031:Aufmarsch II West
969:Aufmarsch II West
929:
928:
755:Nivelle offensive
529:Trouée de Charmes
426:
425:
413:Trouée de Charmes
323:
322:
229:Noël de Castelnau
129:
128:
75:14–25 August 1914
21:Lorraine Campaign
3862:
3734:Treaty of Sèvres
3626:Treaty of London
3517:
3295:Northeast France
3226:
3198:Parliamentarians
3131:
3093:Chemical weapons
3071:
2832:Senussi campaign
2802:Muscat rebellion
2796:Maritz rebellion
2764:
2706:Vardar offensive
2535:Battle of Romani
2503:Battle of Asiago
2493:Battle of Verdun
2457:Kosovo offensive
2232:First Balkan War
2180:
2079:Russian Republic
1988:
1782:
1724:Economic history
1691:
1684:
1677:
1668:
1630:
1606:
1575:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1530:
1511:
1492:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1434:
1428:
1419:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1395:
1389:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1324:
1321:in August, with
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1306:Sanitätsberichte
1269:(combined under
1214:
1210:
1190:
1162:
1156:
1131:
1128:
1106:
1100:
1097:
1085:
1009:
946:. The armies of
868:St Quentin Canal
463:
453:
446:
439:
430:
361:
359:
349:
342:
335:
326:
288:
287:
281:
238:
237:
227:
226:
216:
215:
204:
203:
193:
192:
182:
181:
166:
162:
160:
159:
151:
147:
145:
144:
117:
116:
114:
113:
112:
107:
106:48.800°N 6.717°E
103:
100:
99:
98:
95:
69:
68:
58:
30:
3870:
3869:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3840:1914 in Germany
3810:
3809:
3808:
3803:
3786:
3745:
3677:
3670:
3641:Treaty of Darin
3609:
3571:
3527:Austria-Hungary
3513:
3500:
3481:Rape of Belgium
3408:
3380:
3328:
3322:Western Armenia
3317:Eastern Galicia
3250:
3224:
3188:
3187:Civilian impact
3186:
3172:
3129:
3058:
2890:
2820:Ovambo Uprising
2772:
2758:
2647:
2549:
2476:
2394:Battle of Łomża
2377:
2373:Christmas truce
2348:Race to the Sea
2281:
2243:
2165:
2136:Austria-Hungary
2112:
2047:Empire of Japan
1984:
1982:
1971:
1955:U-boat campaign
1941:
1913:
1875:
1827:
1773:
1754:Popular culture
1700:
1695:
1638:
1633:
1627:
1609:
1603:
1587:
1583:
1581:Further reading
1578:
1572:
1559:
1550:
1548:
1533:
1527:
1514:
1508:
1495:
1489:
1473:
1469:
1464:
1456:
1452:
1444:
1437:
1429:
1422:
1414:
1410:
1402:
1398:
1390:
1386:
1378:
1374:
1366:
1362:
1354:
1350:
1342:
1335:
1331:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1297:
1282:
1230:
1222:
1212:
1208:
1205:
1200:
1188:
1154:
1153:At midnight on
1151:
1129:
1123:
1115:Main articles:
1113:
1098:
1083:
1058:
1057:, 4 August 1914
1044:
1038:Schlieffen Plan
1036:Main articles:
1034:
989:
983:
978:
944:First World War
932:
931:
930:
925:
902:
706:Vimy Ridge 1916
583:Race to the Sea
551:1st St. Quentin
473:
464:
459:
457:
427:
422:
362:
357:
355:
353:
319:
318:
317:
316:
315:
312:German Lorraine
304:
298:
297:
296:
295:
289:
232:
231:
221:
220:
210:
198:
197:
187:
186:
176:
157:
155:
154:
142:
140:
139:
110:
108:
104:
101:
96:
93:
91:
89:
88:
87:
59:
48:First World War
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3868:
3866:
3858:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3835:1914 in France
3832:
3827:
3822:
3812:
3811:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3801:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3777:
3770:
3765:
3757:
3755:
3751:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3743:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3706:
3701:
3700:
3699:
3694:
3686:
3680:
3678:
3676:Peace treaties
3675:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3617:
3615:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3581:
3579:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3569:
3564:
3562:United Kingdom
3559:
3554:
3552:Ottoman Empire
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3523:
3521:
3514:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3477:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3456:
3454:Sack of Dinant
3451:
3446:
3441:
3440:
3439:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3418:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3402:United Kingdom
3399:
3390:
3388:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3362:
3356:POW locations
3354:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3338:
3336:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3311:
3306:
3305:
3304:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3264:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3232:
3230:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3207:
3202:
3201:
3200:
3191:
3189:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3156:United Kingdom
3153:
3151:Ottoman Empire
3148:
3143:
3137:
3135:
3128:
3127:
3125:Trench warfare
3122:
3121:
3120:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3077:
3075:
3068:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3050:
3044:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3024:
3018:
3012:
3001:
2995:
2989:
2983:
2977:
2971:
2965:
2959:
2953:
2947:
2941:
2935:
2929:
2923:
2917:
2911:
2905:
2898:
2896:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2882:
2876:
2870:
2864:
2858:
2852:
2846:
2841:
2838:Volta-Bani War
2835:
2829:
2823:
2817:
2811:
2805:
2799:
2793:
2787:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2765:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2676:Zeebrugge Raid
2673:
2668:
2663:
2657:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2559:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2521:
2520:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2469:
2467:Battle of Loos
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2358:Black Sea raid
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2260:Historiography
2251:
2249:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2241:
2235:
2229:
2223:
2217:
2214:Bosnian Crisis
2211:
2208:Tangier Crisis
2205:
2199:
2193:
2186:
2184:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2141:Ottoman Empire
2138:
2133:
2128:
2122:
2120:
2118:Central Powers
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2101:British Empire
2096:United Kingdom
2093:
2088:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2074:Russian Empire
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2028:
2027:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1996:
1994:
1992:Entente Powers
1985:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1960:North Atlantic
1951:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1923:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1885:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1871:Central Arabia
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1837:
1835:
1833:Middle Eastern
1829:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1808:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1790:
1788:
1779:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1734:Historiography
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1694:
1693:
1686:
1679:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1637:
1636:External links
1634:
1632:
1631:
1625:
1607:
1601:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1576:
1570:
1557:
1531:
1525:
1512:
1506:
1493:
1487:
1475:Doughty, R. A.
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1450:
1435:
1420:
1408:
1396:
1384:
1382:, p. 194.
1372:
1360:
1348:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1296:
1293:
1280:
1236:Auguste Dubail
1228:
1221:
1218:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1160:"Kriegsgefahr"
1150:
1147:
1112:
1109:
1050:
1033:
1028:
985:Main article:
982:
979:
977:
974:
927:
926:
924:
923:
918:
913:
901:
900:
898:Lys and Escaut
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
839:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
800:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
778:
777:
772:
767:
762:
752:
745:
734:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
667:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
645:
644:
634:
629:
627:Neuve Chapelle
624:
619:
608:
607:
602:
600:Winter actions
597:
596:
595:
590:
580:
575:
570:
565:
563:Grand Couronné
560:
555:
554:
553:
548:
543:
533:
532:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
501:
500:
499:
494:
489:
479:
469:
466:
465:
458:
456:
455:
448:
441:
433:
424:
423:
421:
420:
418:Grand Couronné
415:
410:
405:
400:
399:
398:
388:
383:
378:
373:
367:
364:
363:
354:
352:
351:
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320:
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275:
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269:
265:
264:
260:
259:
254:
248:
247:
243:
242:
240:Ferdinand Foch
218:Auguste Dubail
208:
173:
172:
168:
167:
152:
136:
135:
131:
130:
127:
126:
125:German victory
123:
119:
118:
83:
81:
77:
76:
73:
65:
64:
51:
50:
35:
34:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3867:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
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3838:
3836:
3833:
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3823:
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3800:
3797:
3796:
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3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3673:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3612:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3578:
3574:
3568:
3567:United States
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3518:
3515:
3512:
3507:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3438:
3435:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3363:
3361:
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3357:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3331:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3303:
3302:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3227:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3184:
3179:
3169:
3168:United States
3166:
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3159:
3158:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3132:
3126:
3123:
3119:
3118:Convoy system
3116:
3115:
3114:
3113:Naval warfare
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3069:
3065:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3002:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2987:
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2877:
2874:
2873:Kaocen revolt
2871:
2868:
2867:Easter Rising
2865:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2824:
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2483:
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2473:
2470:
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2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2432:Great Retreat
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2400:
2397:
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2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2303:Battle of Cer
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2284:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2220:Agadir Crisis
2218:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2109:
2108:United States
2106:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2026:
2025:French Empire
2023:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1986:
1978:
1968:
1967:Mediterranean
1965:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1947:Naval warfare
1944:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1824:
1823:Italian Front
1821:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1811:Eastern Front
1809:
1807:
1806:Western Front
1804:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1783:
1780:
1776:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1764:Puppet states
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1703:
1699:
1692:
1687:
1685:
1680:
1678:
1673:
1672:
1669:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1647:Lorraine 1914
1645:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1628:
1622:
1618:
1617:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1598:
1594:
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1586:
1585:
1580:
1573:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1547:
1543:
1539:
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1532:
1528:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1509:
1503:
1499:
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1484:
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1476:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1459:
1454:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1392:Strachan 2001
1388:
1385:
1381:
1380:Strachan 2001
1376:
1373:
1369:
1368:Strachan 2001
1364:
1361:
1357:
1352:
1349:
1345:
1344:Strachan 2001
1340:
1338:
1334:
1328:
1326:
1307:
1302:
1301:Holger Herwig
1294:
1292:
1290:
1278:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1259:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1226:
1219:
1217:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1178:light cruiser
1175:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1134:
1122:
1118:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1092:
1088:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1067:Chief of the
1066:
1056:
1055:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1008:
1003:
993:
988:
980:
975:
973:
971:
970:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
940:Western Front
937:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
908:
907:
906:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
873:Meuse-Argonne
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
816:
812:
811:
810:
807:
806:
805:
804:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
787:Passchendaele
785:
783:
780:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
757:
756:
753:
751:
750:
746:
744:
741:
740:
739:
738:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
673:
672:
671:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
649:2nd Champagne
647:
643:
640:
639:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
617:1st Champagne
615:
614:
613:
612:
606:
603:
601:
598:
594:
591:
589:
586:
585:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
538:
537:
536:Great Retreat
534:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
506:
505:
502:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
484:
483:
480:
478:
475:
474:
472:
467:
462:
461:Western Front
454:
449:
447:
442:
440:
435:
434:
431:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
397:
394:
393:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
368:
365:
360:
350:
345:
343:
338:
336:
331:
330:
327:
313:
309:
303:
294:
280:
271:
266:
261:
258:
255:
253:
250:
249:
244:
241:
236:
230:
225:
219:
214:
209:
207:
202:
196:
191:
185:
180:
175:
174:
169:
165:
153:
150:
138:
137:
132:
124:
121:
120:
115:
111:48.800; 6.717
86:
82:
79:
78:
74:
71:
70:
66:
62:
57:
52:
49:
45:
44:Western Front
41:
36:
31:
26:
22:
3779:
3772:
3760:
3367: /
3299:
3134:Conscription
3098:Cryptography
3035:Iraqi Revolt
2462:Siege of Kut
2405:
1983:participants
1932:German Samoa
1866:South Arabia
1615:
1592:
1561:
1549:. Retrieved
1536:
1516:
1497:
1478:
1453:
1446:Doughty 2005
1431:Doughty 2005
1411:
1406:, p. 6.
1399:
1387:
1375:
1363:
1351:
1315:11,476 dead.
1298:
1285:
1260:
1256:
1244:de Castelnau
1233:
1206:
1182:
1152:
1135:
1124:
1089:
1079:
1061:
1052:
1051:Headline in
1030:
1012:
998:
968:
935:
933:
904:
903:
863:Saint-Mihiel
831:Belleau Wood
814:
802:
801:
792:La Malmaison
748:
736:
735:
701:Kink Salient
669:
668:
664:Gas: Wieltje
610:
609:
508:
470:
380:
134:Belligerents
60:
38:Part of the
25:
3397:Netherlands
3374:Switzerland
3255:Occupations
3246:Spanish flu
3023:(1919–1922)
3017:(1918–1921)
3011:(1918–1923)
3000:(1919–1921)
2994:(1919–1921)
2988:(1919–1920)
2964:(1918–1920)
2958:(1918–1920)
2952:(1918–1920)
2934:(1918–1920)
2916:(1918–1920)
2910:(1917–1921)
2904:(1917–1921)
2851:(1916-1918)
2849:Arab Revolt
2840:(1915–1917)
2834:(1915–1917)
2822:(1914-1917)
2816:(1914–1917)
2810:(1914–1921)
2804:(1913–1920)
2792:(1910–1920)
2786:(1900–1920)
2759: [
2277:July Crisis
2198:(1880–1914)
1861:Mesopotamia
1739:Home fronts
1698:World War I
1611:Tuchman, B.
1458:Herwig 2009
1213:7–10 August
1209:8–12 August
1189:4–5 August,
942:during the
883:2nd Cambrai
721:Boar's Head
711:Mont Sorrel
257:Second Army
109: /
3814:Categories
3614:Agreements
3414:War crimes
3290:Luxembourg
3183:Casualties
2054:Montenegro
1889:South West
1769:Technology
1759:Propaganda
1749:Opposition
1589:Keegan, J.
1467:References
1323:10,328 men
1295:Casualties
1240:Sarrebourg
1170:Luxembourg
1084:1891–1906,
976:Background
696:Wulverghem
659:3rd Artois
637:2nd Artois
605:1st Artois
3511:Diplomacy
3218:Olympians
3141:Australia
3108:Logistics
3041:Vlora War
2970:(1918–19)
2946:(1918–19)
2940:(1918–19)
2928:(1918–19)
2875:(1916–17)
2857:(1916–17)
2808:Zaian War
2798:(1914–15)
2518:first day
2406:Lusitania
2234:(1912–13)
2228:(1911–12)
2216:(1908–09)
2210:(1905–06)
2192:(1870–71)
1981:Principal
1841:Gallipoli
1744:Memorials
1729:Geography
1719:Aftermath
1329:Footnotes
1299:In 2009,
1181:SMS
1117:Plan XVII
1111:Plan XVII
956:Plan XVII
878:5th Ypres
858:2nd Somme
836:2nd Marne
826:3rd Aisne
775:The Hills
770:2nd Aisne
731:Fromelles
726:1st Somme
676:The Bluff
642:Hébuterne
632:2nd Ypres
593:1st Ypres
573:1st Aisne
568:1st Marne
541:Le Cateau
519:Charleroi
504:Frontiers
403:Charleroi
396:Rossignol
308:Grand Est
3799:Category
3386:Refugees
3352:Italians
3341:Germans
3301:Ober Ost
3081:Aviation
2175:Timeline
2146:Bulgaria
1927:Tsingtao
1904:Togoland
1851:Caucasus
1786:European
1778:Theatres
1613:(1962).
1591:(1998).
1546:17673086
1477:(2005).
1325:killed.
1309:to give
1267:7th Army
1263:6th Army
1248:Morhange
1183:Augsburg
1104:Westheer
1069:Imperial
960:Lorraine
888:Courtrai
843:Soissons
782:Messines
749:Alberich
558:Maubeuge
514:Ardennes
509:Lorraine
477:Moresnet
391:Ardennes
381:Lorraine
371:Mulhouse
293:Lorraine
252:6th Army
246:Strength
85:Lorraine
80:Location
3537:Germany
3437:Germany
3365:Germany
3285:Belgium
3270:Albania
3229:Disease
3209:Sports
3161:Ireland
3074:Warfare
3067:Aspects
2255:Origins
2248:Prelude
2151:Senussi
2131:Germany
2126:Leaders
2064:Romania
2005:Belgium
2000:Leaders
1899:Kamerun
1881:African
1816:Romania
1794:Balkans
1709:Outline
1562:To Arms
1551:6 March
1252:echelon
1198:Prelude
1082:) from
1054:Le Soir
981:Belgium
952:Germany
853:Ailette
821:The Lys
815:Michael
797:Cambrai
691:Hulluch
686:St Eloi
578:Antwerp
149:Germany
97:06°43′E
94:48°48′N
46:of the
42:on the
3557:Russia
3532:France
3360:Canada
3275:Serbia
3146:Canada
3103:Horses
3055:(1921)
3049:(1920)
3043:(1920)
3037:(1920)
3029:(1920)
2982:(1919)
2976:(1919)
2922:(1918)
2887:(1918)
2881:(1917)
2869:(1916)
2863:(1916)
2828:(1915)
2240:(1913)
2222:(1911)
2204:(1905)
2161:Darfur
2086:Serbia
2069:Russia
2032:Greece
2020:France
2010:Brazil
1856:Persia
1799:Serbia
1623:
1599:
1568:
1544:
1523:
1504:
1485:
1220:Battle
964:Alsace
948:France
893:Sambre
848:Amiens
716:Verdun
546:Étreux
492:Dinant
386:Dinant
376:Haelen
268:66,500
164:France
161:
146:
122:Result
3754:Other
3547:Japan
3542:Italy
3369:camps
3213:Rugby
2763:]
2042:Japan
2037:Italy
2015:China
1909:North
1174:Libau
760:Arras
743:Ancre
497:Namur
487:Liège
3334:POWs
2653:1918
2555:1917
2481:1916
2382:1915
2286:1914
2091:Siam
1894:East
1621:ISBN
1597:ISBN
1566:ISBN
1553:2014
1542:OCLC
1521:ISBN
1502:ISBN
1483:ISBN
1265:and
1119:and
1040:and
1021:and
962:and
950:and
934:The
803:1918
765:Vimy
737:1917
670:1916
654:Loos
611:1915
588:Yser
524:Mons
471:1914
408:Mons
72:Date
1250:in
1080:OHL
3816::
2761:It
1438:^
1423:^
1336:^
1127:c.
1096:c.
1078:,
3185:/
1690:e
1683:t
1676:v
1629:.
1605:.
1574:.
1555:.
1529:.
1510:.
1491:.
1074:(
452:e
445:t
438:v
348:e
341:t
334:v
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
