48:
108:
268:, which corresponds to the site of Kırşehir) is a fictionalized mixture of the real first and second battles, a view shared also by John Forsyth in his 1977 critical edition of Yahya's chronicle in English. According to Catherine Holmes, Skylitzes' account, although doubtlessly embellished, probably relies on an actual source given its level of detail, but that in the end "adjudicating between these possibilities is all but impossible" and that the only certain thing is that the decisive final battle took place in March 979.
279:, generally accepted the account of John Skylitzes, with the decisive final battle between Skleros and Phokas at Pankaleia in March 979, sometimes labelled the "second" Battle of Pankaleia, depending on whether the first battle between the two generals near Amorium was also regarded as taking place at the same site. Modern scholars on the other hand have adopted a different reconstruction of events, with a first battle taking place at Pankaleia in June 978, a second battle some time at Basilika Therma in
120:
224:
on the other hand writes that the loyalist army under Bardas Phokas first encountered the army of
Skleros at Pankaleia and was defeated, but secured a decisive victory in a second battle at an unspecified location. Other authors provide some further details:
189:
Historical sources on the revolt of Bardas
Skleros differ on the sequence and location of the battles that ended it, one of which was fought at the plain of Pankaleia (Παγκάλεια), northeast of
233:
alludes to two battles, and gives the dates as 19 June 978 and 24 March 979 respectively. What is undisputed is that after his defeat, Skleros fled to his Arab ally, the
173:, which ultimately led to the defeat and exile of the latter. Sources are unclear in the succession and location of the events, so that while earlier scholars followed
252:
Based on
Georgian sources, P.M. Tarchnichvili suggested in 1964 that the victory of Phokas took place at a site called "Sarvenis" in Georgian, which he identified as
678:
698:
693:
683:
512:
History of the
Byzantine and Greek Empires, from DCCXVI to MCCCCLIII. Second Edition History of the Byzantine and Greek Empires, from DCCXVI to MCCCCLIII
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642:
621:
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201:), and that it was in a third engagement at Pankaleia that Phokas triumphed. According to Skylitzes, Phokas had been reinforced with 12,000
47:
197:, written in the late 11th century, reports that Skleros won a first battle near Amorium, as well as a second at Basilika Therma (modern
572:
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229:
also reports the duel of the two generals at the decisive battle, while the early 11th-century
Christian Arab historian
166:
141:
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in placing the Battle of
Pankaleia in March 979 as the decisive victory for loyalist forces, today, following
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124:
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later in autumn/winter, and with the third and decisive battle taking place at
Sarvenis in March 979;
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213:, but his army again began to give way. Phokas then charged towards Skleros and engaged him in
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217:, in which the rebel general was wounded and fled, sowing panic among his men.
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181:'s account, it is placed in June 978 and regarded as a defeat for Phokas.
548:(in German) (3rd ed.). Munich: C. H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.
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616:. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press.
246:
190:
77:
591:
52:
Clash between the armies of
Skleros and Phokas, miniature from the
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473:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 1571.
634:
John
Skylitzes: A Synopsis of Byzantine History, 811–1057
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was fought in 978 or 979 between the army loyal to the
488:
Cheynet, Jean-Claude; Vannier, Jean-François (1986).
590:. Foundation of the Hellenic World. Archived from
494:(in French). Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne.
523:Basil II and the Governance of Empire (976–1025)
588:Encyclopaedia of the Hellenic World, Asia Minor
32:
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249:, where he remained for the next seven years.
8:
423:
463:Brand, Charles M. (1991). "Pankaleia". In
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637:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
584:"Rebellion of Bardas Skleros, 976 - 979"
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209:through his friendship with its ruler,
679:Battles involving the Byzantine Empire
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411:
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169:, and the forces of the rebel general
564:Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia
546:Geschichte des Byzantinischen Staates
526:. New York: Oxford University Press.
307:
7:
185:Sources and reconstruction of events
699:Battles involving Georgia (country)
515:. Edinburgh: W. Blackwood and sons.
694:History of Afyonkarahisar Province
684:Civil wars of the Byzantine Empire
470:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
241:, and thence sought refuge in the
25:
613:The Making of Byzantium, 600–1025
76:Plain of Pankaleia, northeast of
118:
106:
1:
220:The late 10th-century writer
674:970s in the Byzantine Empire
631:Wortley, John, ed. (2010).
40:Rebellion of Bardas Skleros
715:
520:Holmes, Catherine (2005).
448:Cheynet & Vannier 1986
561:Rayfield, Donald (2013).
167:Bardas Phokas the Younger
142:Bardas Phokas the Younger
135:
99:
59:
45:
37:
491:Études Prosopographiques
509:Finlay, George (1856).
271:Earlier scholars, like
125:Kingdom of the Iberians
136:Commanders and leaders
582:Stouraitis, Ioannis.
689:Battles of Basil II
438:, pp. 264–265.
414:, pp. 429–430.
402:, pp. 454–456.
390:, pp. 453–454.
351:, pp. 308–310.
156:Battle of Pankaleia
33:Battle of Pankaleia
567:. Reaktion Books.
542:Ostrogorsky, Georg
465:Kazhdan, Alexander
277:George Ostrogorsky
18:Battle of Pankalia
644:978-0-521-76705-7
623:978-0-520-20496-6
501:978-2-85944-110-4
193:. The history of
160:Byzantine emperor
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227:Michael Psellos
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222:Leo the Deacon
195:John Skylitzes
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179:Leo the Deacon
175:John Skylitzes
171:Bardas Skleros
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147:Bardas Skleros
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376:Whittow 1996
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100:Belligerents
436:Holmes 2005
412:Finlay 1856
400:Holmes 2005
388:Holmes 2005
361:Holmes 2005
325:Holmes 2005
239:Abu Taghlib
658:Categories
308:Brand 1991
287:References
281:Charsianon
67:978 or 979
554:301446486
245:court in
211:David III
89:Byzantine
610:(1996).
598:21 March
544:(1963).
262:Caesarea
258:Kırşehir
256:(modern
235:Hamdanid
203:Georgian
199:Sarıkaya
163:Basil II
72:Location
38:Part of
467:(ed.).
457:Sources
247:Baghdad
191:Amorium
91:victory
78:Amorium
641:
620:
571:
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498:
477:
111:
85:Result
266:Halys
243:Buyid
237:emir
639:ISBN
618:ISBN
600:2014
569:ISBN
550:OCLC
528:ISBN
496:ISBN
475:ISBN
275:and
154:The
64:Date
669:978
207:Tao
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368:^
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