36:
1519:
were sent to retake it later in 1084 and that it was these forces which Sancho RamĂrez met on the road south from Naval. Since neither surviving record of the battle, both
Christian, records the outcome and Naval is known to have lapsed out of Christian control soon after its conquest, it is probable
1514:
Since Piedra Pisada (Pisa) lies on the road south from Naval, the
Aragonese army would have had to bypass an important enemy fortification in order to fight there, unless Naval had already been taken. It is most likely therefore that the date of 1084 found in the Latin chronicle is correct. Since the
1527:
was conquered in July 1087, and MonzĂłn with the aid of some defecting
Muslims in 1089. In 1095 Peter accepted the surrender of the garrison of the castle Naval, and in October 1099 he made an accord with its Christian populators.
1400:. A forged document from the late twelfth or more likely the thirteenth century purportedly from October 1099 lists the same parishes owing tithes to Alquézar, but in a less orderly manner, naming among them
1491:
with disastrous results, finally falling to the
Christians on 14 April 1083. By 1083 all lands north of the Sierra de Estada were in Aragonese hands. On the other side of the Cinca the town of
1339:
were gradually conquered and returned, after centuries of Muslim rule, to the control of
Christian princes. The ruler of Aragon, who personally led his men in battle at Piedra Pisada,
1376:
with the Moors, the day of the
Nativity in the year of our Lord 1084." The two texts differ in the year, and neither specifies the winner of the engagement. The location of
790:
152:
1593:
Piedra Pisada, Piedra Pesada, Piedra Pisa and Piedra Pesa are the expected forms in
Romance, derived from the Latin by the sonorisation of the intervocalic
1232:
1227:
1705:
A charter of June 1083 was witnessed by one
Bernardo RamĂłn de Castro, the earliest piece of evidence that Castro was by then the southernmost Christian
600:
1523:
In the aftermath of the defeat at Piedra Pisada, in 1085 Sancho invested his son Peter as king of
Ribagorza and Sobrarbe under Aragonese suzerainty.
1659:
A document of Sancho RamĂrez dated 29 October 1082, but which must date later than 1087, in a thirteenth-century copy names the villages within the
321:
145:
316:
1811:
1801:
1791:
1364:
1121:
994:
760:
488:
1796:
1004:
850:
630:
138:
1806:
1019:
560:
974:
239:
1297:
954:
249:
326:
1385:
1071:
882:
595:
294:
336:
1151:
1076:
483:
902:
615:
565:
825:
785:
1781:
1183:
1061:
1034:
1024:
939:
887:
755:
715:
640:
605:
530:
311:
289:
212:
192:
795:
1272:
1213:
1193:
1188:
1146:
1091:
1066:
1056:
1029:
1009:
685:
645:
625:
545:
284:
1737:
1282:
1198:
1173:
1126:
1096:
1086:
1051:
700:
665:
655:
244:
234:
187:
949:
865:
820:
493:
453:
383:
1786:
1492:
1388:, Sancho's son and successor, enumerated the parishes whose tithes belonged to the church of Santa MarĂa of
1178:
1116:
1106:
964:
959:
919:
892:
877:
775:
745:
725:
705:
610:
580:
570:
518:
513:
408:
398:
366:
331:
269:
259:
1722:
A document dated 1054, but more probably from 1057, mentions one GarcĂa Ăñiguez as"lord ... in CastejĂłn" (
1689:
1440:
1260:
1255:
1168:
855:
840:
835:
750:
695:
555:
478:
448:
356:
274:
197:
720:
1277:
999:
989:
897:
690:
670:
264:
1570:
en el año de neustro Senyor M. LXXXIII ... fizo batalla en Piedra-pissada con los moros el dia de nadal
929:
1692:, and the charter's dating clause specifies it was "the fourteenth day after God gave Graus to me " (
1250:
1163:
984:
912:
780:
770:
740:
730:
585:
540:
535:
468:
413:
279:
222:
207:
1432:
1292:
969:
907:
805:
590:
508:
503:
428:
351:
182:
1487:. Both faced the formidable city of Graus, which was unsuccessfully besieged as early as 1055 and
1384:, but this is unlikely on linguistic grounds. In a document nearly contemporary with the battle,
1355:
1344:
1287:
1111:
1039:
944:
800:
710:
458:
423:
346:
341:
1759:
1480:
1508:
1340:
1318:
1314:
1267:
1245:
1141:
1131:
1101:
934:
860:
815:
810:
765:
675:
635:
620:
575:
550:
498:
443:
418:
388:
378:
254:
217:
120:
108:
102:
1549:
1631:
1601:. As Ubieto Arteta shows, these are in fact the forms encountered in the medieval documents.
1504:
1208:
1136:
1014:
979:
650:
393:
924:
735:
660:
463:
433:
403:
361:
202:
1372:
with the Moors on
Christmas day." The Latin translation reads: "And made battle before
1582:
et preliatus fuit apud Petram Pisadam cum mauris, die nativitatis anno MLXXXIIII Domini
1499:
in 1059, but further progress was slower. Naval, which was essential to the defence of
1488:
1397:
1359:
1081:
845:
830:
680:
473:
1775:
1627:
1623:
1460:
1322:
306:
62:
1404:. In the thirteenth century, the name of the site had degenerated further to simply
1381:
1335:
of Aragon, the process by which the riverine valleys of the southern slopes of the
40:
The course of the Cinca, showing El Grado, a few miles downstream from the battle
1742:
1646:. All of Peter's documents, authentic and spurious, are found in Ubieto Arteta,
1554:
Argensola: Revista de Ciencias Sociales del Instituto de Estudios Altoaragoneses
1479:
was the most advanced position on the Ăsera, held by a don Suniero, and by 1062
1476:
1428:
1389:
1331:
1203:
164:
26:
35:
1484:
1464:
1444:
1424:
1515:
loss of Naval posed a threat to Barbastro, it is likely that forces from the
1475:
of the Cinca valley and surrounding territory to its west was rapid. By 1049
130:
1635:
1611:
1500:
1468:
1456:
66:
1496:
1448:
1436:
1336:
1326:
1368:. The former says that "in the year of our Lord 1083 ... did battle in
1615:
1511:
were not taken until 1084, and shortly lost to the Moors for a decade.
1684:
On 28 April Sancho RamĂrez granted half the lordship of the castle of
1610:
The parishes, all north of Barbastro and between the rivers Cinca and
1685:
1668:
1639:
1524:
1643:
1452:
134:
1584:, from the edition of XimĂ©nez de EmbĂșn (Zaragoza, 1876), 52.
1572:, from the edition of XimĂ©nez de EmbĂșn (Zaragoza, 1876), 52.
1354:
The battle is only recorded in two later sources, the
1648:
ColecciĂłn diplomĂĄtica de Pedro I de AragĂłn y Navarra
1463:. East of the Cinca lay the other route, connecting
1443:was effected along two ancient routes, probably of
1329:. The battle was a minor engagement of the ongoing
1694:quarta decima die postquam Deus dedit michi Gradus
87:Aragonese loss of Naval shortly after the battle
1392:in geographic order from east to west, placing
18:
146:
8:
1667:. A document of 1214 in the archives of the
1544:
1542:
1540:
1347:and was a major figure in the contemporary
153:
139:
131:
15:
1709:(holding) in the Aragonese sector of the
1671:refers to a field "by the way of Pisa" (
1412:, a collection of farms south of Naval.
1536:
1520:that the battle was a loss for Sancho.
1622:, Salinas de Hoz, Alachestro, Cellas,
1483:was the most advanced position on the
1747:E era 1122 prisso ad Arguedas e Nabal
1724:senior Garsea Ennecones in Castillone
1408:, which has been identified with the
7:
1745:1122 he took Arguedas and Naval" (
1665:Figarola, Torretella, Pisa, Lassosa
1459:and the lower reaches of the river
14:
1317:fought and probably defeated the
1365:Chronicle of San Juan de la Peña
34:
1550:âLa batalla de «Piedra-Pisada»â
1451:through the important town of
1:
1614:, listed in order are Naval,
1386:Peter I of Aragon and Navarre
1309:On 25 December 1084, at the
1762:in the seventeenth century.
1741:: "And in the years of the
1597:and the loss of the ending
1505:briefly occupied in 1063â64
1222:Post-Reconquista Rebellions
1828:
1812:Battles of the Reconquista
1802:Military history of Aragon
1792:11th century in al-Andalus
1663:of the castle of Naval as
77:Muslim (Zaragozan) victory
1738:CrĂłnica navarro-aragonesa
1495:fell in 1057 and that of
1447:. One followed the river
327:2nd San Esteban de Gormaz
322:1st San Esteban de Gormaz
173:
114:
95:
44:
33:
23:
1797:Battles involving Aragon
1548:Antonio Ubieto Arteta,
1380:was long thought to be
1321:on the road south from
1311:Battle of Piedra Pisada
19:Battle of Piedra Pisada
1807:11th century in Aragon
1441:Somontano de Barbastro
1419:of what are today the
115:Commanders and leaders
317:Pallars and Ribagorza
1688:to the monastery of
1493:CastejĂłn de Sobrarbe
1410:coto redondo de Pisa
1204:2nd Granada campaign
601:2nd Balearic Islands
576:1st Balearic Islands
1690:San Juan de la Peña
1669:cathedral of Huesca
883:Las Navas de Tolosa
61:Coto de Pisa, near
1735:The source is the
1396:between Naval and
1345:Kingdom of Navarre
1077:Shepherds' Crusade
888:3rd AlcĂĄcer do Sal
851:2nd AlcĂĄcer do Sal
761:1st AlcĂĄcer do Sal
250:2nd Roncevaux Pass
188:1st Roncevaux Pass
1782:Conflicts in 1084
1650:(Zaragoza, 1951).
1319:Kingdom of Aragon
1315:Taifa of Zaragoza
1306:
1305:
484:AlmodĂłvar del RĂo
129:
128:
91:
90:
1819:
1763:
1756:
1750:
1733:
1727:
1720:
1714:
1703:
1697:
1682:
1676:
1657:
1651:
1608:
1602:
1591:
1585:
1579:
1573:
1567:
1561:
1546:
1362:versions of the
168:
155:
148:
141:
132:
52:25 December 1084
46:
45:
38:
16:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1772:
1771:
1766:
1760:JerĂłnimo Zurita
1757:
1753:
1734:
1730:
1721:
1717:
1704:
1700:
1683:
1679:
1673:ad viam de Pisa
1658:
1654:
1609:
1605:
1592:
1588:
1580:
1576:
1568:
1564:
1547:
1538:
1534:
1307:
1302:
1237:
1189:Los Alporchones
1072:Vega de Granada
169:
162:Battles in the
161:
159:
83:
69:
39:
12:
11:
5:
1825:
1823:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1787:1084 in Europe
1784:
1774:
1773:
1765:
1764:
1751:
1728:
1715:
1698:
1677:
1652:
1603:
1586:
1574:
1562:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1398:Salinas de Hoz
1374:Petram Pisadam
1370:Piedra-pissada
1341:Sancho RamĂrez
1304:
1303:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1235:
1233:2nd Alpujarras
1230:
1228:1st Alpujarras
1224:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1097:Vega de Pagana
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
995:Mudéjar revolt
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
916:
915:
905:
903:Aragonese raid
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
874:
873:
869:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
791:Central Iberia
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
551:Norwegian raid
548:
543:
538:
533:
527:
526:
522:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
375:
374:
370:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
303:
302:
298:
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
231:
230:
226:
225:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
179:
178:
174:
171:
170:
160:
158:
157:
150:
143:
135:
127:
126:
123:
121:Sancho RamĂrez
117:
116:
112:
111:
105:
98:
97:
93:
92:
89:
88:
85:
79:
78:
75:
71:
70:
60:
58:
54:
53:
50:
42:
41:
31:
30:
21:
20:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1824:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1770:
1768:
1761:
1758:As concluded
1755:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1739:
1732:
1729:
1725:
1719:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1702:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1681:
1678:
1675:) near Naval.
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1632:PozĂĄn de Vero
1629:
1628:Castillazuelo
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1607:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1590:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1575:
1571:
1566:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1521:
1518:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1489:again in 1063
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1343:, also ruled
1342:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1199:9th Gibraltar
1197:
1195:
1194:8th Gibraltar
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1184:7th Gibraltar
1182:
1180:
1179:La Higueruela
1177:
1175:
1174:6th Gibraltar
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1147:5th Algeciras
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1127:5th Gibraltar
1125:
1123:
1122:4th Algeciras
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1092:4th Gibraltar
1090:
1088:
1087:3rd Gibraltar
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1067:2nd Gibraltar
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1057:3rd Algeciras
1055:
1053:
1052:1st Gibraltar
1050:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1030:2nd Algeciras
1028:
1026:
1025:1st Algeciras
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
914:
911:
910:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
875:
871:
870:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
528:
524:
523:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
439:Piedra Pisada
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
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367:3rd Barcelona
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332:Valdejunquera
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307:Day of Zamora
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295:2nd Barcelona
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290:2nd Cellorigo
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285:1st Cellorigo
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270:Monte Laturce
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235:1st Barcelona
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1620:Petra Pisata
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1472:
1445:Roman origin
1420:
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1394:Petra Pisata
1393:
1382:Piedratajada
1378:Petra Pisata
1377:
1373:
1369:
1363:
1353:
1348:
1330:
1310:
1308:
1240:North Africa
1158:15th century
1046:14th century
950:4th Valencia
872:13th century
826:4th Santarém
786:3rd Santarém
726:2nd Santarém
646:3rd Valencia
616:2nd Zaragoza
596:1st Santarém
531:2nd Valencia
525:12th century
489:1st Valencia
454:1st Zaragoza
438:
373:11th century
357:Torrevicente
301:10th century
198:Orbieu River
193:Burbia River
163:
96:Belligerents
25:
24:Part of the
1743:Spanish era
1711:Reconquista
1503:(which was
1473:Reconquista
1429:Cinca Medio
1417:Reconquista
1349:Reconquista
1332:Reconquista
1298:2nd Tangier
1283:1st Tangier
1142:2nd Montiel
1062:3rd AlmerĂa
980:3rd Seville
908:2nd Majorca
811:2nd Seville
776:2nd Badajoz
756:2nd AlmerĂa
746:2nd Tortosa
716:1st AlmerĂa
701:1st Montiel
656:1st Badajoz
631:1st Granada
384:Calatañazor
312:1st Majorca
265:Guadalacete
240:1st Tortosa
229:9th century
177:8th century
165:Reconquista
82:Territorial
27:Reconquista
1776:Categories
1425:Bajo Cinca
1402:Petra Piza
1164:Collejares
1152:2nd Murcia
1117:GuadalmesĂ
1107:RĂo Salado
1005:1st Murcia
965:2nd XĂ tiva
960:1st XĂ tiva
856:2nd Silves
841:2nd Silves
836:1st Silves
751:2nd Lleida
736:5th Lisbon
696:4th Lisbon
626:1st Lleida
586:Candespina
581:6th Toledo
566:Formentera
556:3rd Lisbon
536:Mollerussa
519:5th Toledo
514:4th Toledo
494:2nd Lisbon
479:3rd Toledo
449:2nd Toledo
337:1st Toledo
280:Polvoraria
223:1st Lisbon
213:RĂo QuirĂłs
208:Las Babias
101:Christian
1636:Adahuesca
1612:Alcanadre
1501:Barbastro
1481:Laguarres
1469:Barbastro
1455:south to
1433:Ribagorza
1356:Aragonese
1278:4nd Ceuta
1268:3nd Ceuta
1261:2nd Ceuta
1256:1st Ceuta
1169:Antequera
1020:Andalusia
1000:3rd Jerez
990:2nd Jerez
925:1st Jerez
898:PenĂscola
866:Talamanca
821:2nd Ăvora
806:Calatrava
796:Tarragona
781:Juromenha
771:1st Ăvora
721:Al-Ludjdj
691:2nd Coria
671:1st Coria
606:Martorell
591:Vatalandi
509:Consuegra
429:Golpejera
414:Barbastro
352:Estercuel
183:Covadonga
1707:tenencia
1661:terminus
1509:Arguedas
1497:Abizanda
1477:PerarrĂșa
1437:Sobrarbe
1421:comarcas
1390:Alquézar
1337:Pyrenees
1327:El Grado
1112:Estepona
1040:Iznalloz
975:3rd Jaén
935:Burriana
920:2nd Jaén
893:1st Jaén
878:Al-DÄmĆ«s
816:Abrantes
711:Albacete
686:Trancoso
561:Talavera
541:Balaguer
459:Sagrajas
424:Llantada
347:Simancas
342:Alhandic
275:Morcuera
245:Pancorbo
109:Zaragoza
57:Location
1624:Costean
1616:Suelves
1560:253â56.
1507:), and
1485:IsĂĄbena
1465:Boltaña
1293:Melilla
1273:TĂ©touan
1132:Linuesa
1102:Getares
955:Algarve
945:El Puig
940:CĂłrdoba
913:PortopĂ
861:Alarcos
766:Palmela
741:Sacavém
731:Sacavém
676:Ourique
636:Corbins
621:Cutanda
611:Coimbra
499:Alcoraz
444:Morella
419:Paterna
409:Coimbra
379:Cervera
260:Albelda
255:Clavijo
125:unknown
107:Muslim
84:changes
1686:Ayerbe
1642:, and
1640:Abiego
1525:Estada
1471:. The
1457:MonzĂłn
1313:, the
1288:Asilah
1251:Strait
1214:MĂĄlaga
1209:Lucena
1137:Guadix
1035:MoclĂn
1015:Martos
801:Cuenca
666:Leiria
641:AlcalĂĄ
504:Bairén
464:Tudela
394:Albesa
218:Oviedo
103:Aragon
74:Result
67:AragĂłn
1644:Azlor
1556:1952
1532:Notes
1517:taifa
1461:Cinca
1453:Graus
1449:Ăsera
1360:Latin
1323:Naval
1010:Ăcija
846:Tomar
831:Alvor
706:Soure
681:Oreja
661:Fraga
651:Aceca
571:Ibiza
546:Uclés
474:Aledo
469:TĂ©var
434:Cabra
404:Graus
362:Rueda
203:Lutos
63:Naval
1467:and
1439:and
1415:The
1406:Pisa
1358:and
1246:Salé
1082:Teba
985:Faro
970:Biar
930:Ares
389:TorĂ
49:Date
1599:-da
1423:of
1325:to
1778::
1749:).
1726:).
1696:).
1638:,
1634:,
1630:,
1626:,
1618:,
1558:11
1552:,
1539:^
1435:,
1431:,
1427:,
1351:.
65:,
1713:.
1595:t
154:e
147:t
140:v
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